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de With G, Kovács T, Csordás A, Tschiersch J, Yang J, Sadler SW, Meisenberg O. Intercomparison on the measurement of the thoron exhalation rate from building materials. J Environ Radioact 2021; 228:106510. [PMID: 33341753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thoron (220Rn) exhalation from building materials has become increasingly recognized as a potential source for radiation exposure in dwellings. However, contrary to radon (222Rn), limited information on thoron exposure is available. As a result no harmonized test procedures for determining thoron exhalation from building materials are available at present. This study is a first interlaboratory comparison of different test methods to determine the thoron exhalation and a pre-step to a harmonized standard. The purpose of this study is to compare the experimental findings from a set of three building materials that are tested, and to identify future challenges in the development of a harmonized standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- G de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Utrechtseweg 310, NL-6800 ES, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 8200, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - A Csordás
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, 8200, Veszprem, Hungary
| | - J Tschiersch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Former Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Yang
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Former Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Peking University, State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - S W Sadler
- Durridge UK Ltd. Sheffield Technology Parks, Arundel St, Sheffield, S1 2NS, UK; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
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Janka E, Töröcsik D, Gáspár K, Bodnár E, Sawhney I, Csordás A, Kovács Z, Herédi E, Szegedi A, Remenyik É. 041 The association between early-onset and late-onset psoriasis and co-morbidities in a case-control study. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Csordás A, Fábián F, Horváth M, Hegedűs M, Somlai J, Kovács T. Preparation and characterisation of ceramic-based thoron sources for thoron calibration chamber. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:151-154. [PMID: 25920779 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to explore the correlations between the properties of the source's material and the thoron flux produced. This means a complex procedure that involves morphological characterisation (the determination of specific surface area and pore size distribution) and thoron emanation and exhalation measurements as well. In this work, the preparation of 27 thoron sources has been carried out. Three types of ceramics with different morphological properties were used as a matrix material with three different thorium contents. Spheres were formed from the dollop, and they were fired at different temperatures (200, 600 and 900°C). The phase analysis of the samples was performed by powder X-ray diffraction. The pore size distribution was determined by mercury penetration. The thoron emanation was measured using an accumulation chamber; the measured thoron emanation coefficients were from 0.34 ± 0.03 to 7.69 ± 0.13 %. Based on the results, the preparation parameters of the thoron source optimised for the calibration procedure have been given.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Csordás
- Social Organisation for Radioecological Cleanliness, Veszprém, Hungary Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - F Fábián
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - M Horváth
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - M Hegedűs
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - J Somlai
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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Lukács A, Kiss-Tóth E, Csordás A, Barkai L. Screening risk factors of type 2 diabetes in adolescents in school settings. Eur J Public Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv175.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Muűllerová M, Kozak K, Kovács T, Csordás A, Grzadziel D, Holý K, Mazur J, Moravcsík A, Neznal M, Neznal M, Smetanová I. Preliminary results of indoor radon survey in V4 countries. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 160:210-213. [PMID: 24723197 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The measurements of radon activity concentration carried out in residential houses of V4 countries (Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) show that radon levels in these countries considerably exceed the world average. Therefore, the new radon data and statistical analysis are required from these four countries. Each partner chose a region in their own country, where radon concentration in residential buildings was expected to be higher. The results of the survey carried out in the period from March 2012 to May 2012 show that radon concentrations are <200 Bq m(-3) in ∼87% of cases. However, dwellings with radon concentration ∼800 Bq m(-3) were found in Poland and Slovakia. It was also found that the distribution of radon frequency follows that of houses according to the year of their construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muűllerová
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - K Kozak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN (IFJ PAN), Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - A Csordás
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - D Grzadziel
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN (IFJ PAN), Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - K Holý
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J Mazur
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN (IFJ PAN), Radzikowskiego 152, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - A Moravcsík
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina F-1, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Neznal
- RADON v.o.s., Novakovych 6, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - M Neznal
- RADON v.o.s., Novakovych 6, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - I Smetanová
- Geophysical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 28 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Abstract
Radon isotopes and their progenies have proven significant role in respiratory tumour formation. In most cases, the radiological effect of one of the radon isotopes (thoron) and its progenies has been neglected together with its measurement technique; however, latest surveys proved that thoron's existence is expectable in flats and in workplace in Europe. Detectors based on different track detector measurement technologies have recently spread for measuring thoron progenies; however, the calibration is not yet completely elaborated. This study deals with the calibration of the track detector measurement method suitable for measuring thoron progenies using different devices with measurement techniques capable of measuring several progenies (Pylon AB5 and WLx, Sarad EQF 3220). The calibration factor values related to the thoron progeny monitors, the measurement uncertainty, reproducibility and other parameters were found using the calibration chamber. In the future, the effects of the different parameters (aerosol distribution, etc.) will be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fábián
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - A Csordás
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - A Shahrokhi
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - J Somlai
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - T Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary
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Szeiler G, Somlai J, Ishikawa T, Omori Y, Mishra R, Sapra BK, Mayya YS, Tokonami S, Csordás A, Kovács T. Preliminary results from an indoor radon thoron survey in Hungary. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:243-246. [PMID: 22927648 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
More than half of the radiation dose of natural origin comes from radon. However, according to some surveys in certain cases, the radiation dose originating from thoron may be considerable. Among the factors disturbing the measurement of radon, the presence of thoron may also influence the measured radon value, making the estimated radiation exposure imprecise. Thoron has previously been surveyed, mainly in Asia; however, recent surveys for some European locations have found that significant thoron concentrations also need to be considered. In this survey, several types of commercially available SSNTDs (solid-state nuclear track detectors) capable of measuring both radon and thoron were placed at the same time in 73 houses and 7 workplaces in Hungary with 3-month exposition periods. In order to measure thoron, the distance of the detector sets was fixed as 15-20 cm from the walls. The radon concentration was measured with five types of SSNTDs: NRPB, NRPB SSI, Raduet, DTPS and DRPS. The first four types had relatively good accordance (within ± 10 %), but the results of the DRPS detectors were considerably lower when compared with other detectors for radon concentrations over 100 Bq m(-3). The thoron averages were provided by two different types of detectors: Raduet and DTPS. The difference between their average results was more than 30 % and was six times the maximum values. Therefore, the thoron measurement results were judged to be erroneous, and their measurement protocol should be clearly established for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Szeiler
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, PO Box 158, H-8201 Veszprem, Hungary
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Horváth EM, Benko R, Kiss L, Murányi M, Pék T, Fekete K, Bárány T, Somlai A, Csordás A, Szabo C. Rapid 'glycaemic swings' induce nitrosative stress, activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and impair endothelial function in a rat model of diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2009; 52:952-61. [PMID: 19263033 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Postpandrial hyperglycaemia is a significant risk factor for the development of macrovascular diseases. There is no clear agreement in the field whether these alterations result from hyperglycaemic episodes or from exaggerated alterations ('glycaemic swings') in blood glucose. We compared the effect of stable high glucose with a model of poorly maintained insulin-controlled diabetes (on average lower glucose, but with large glycaemic swings) on the development of endothelial dysfunction in rats. METHODS Intermediate- or long-acting insulin was used to reduce mean blood glucose levels. One group of animals had stable low glucose levels, while animals in the other group exhibited rapid changes ('swings') in their blood glucose concentration. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation of the thoracic aorta was measured. Immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and flow cytometry were used to determine nitrotyrosine formation and poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation in the aorta, in circulating leucocytes and in bone marrow cells. RESULTS Steady normalisation of blood glucose levels (a model of well-controlled diabetes) protected against the development of endothelial dysfunction, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and nitrotyrosine production. However, impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation was found in the animals undergoing glycaemic swings, even though the fructosamine levels in these animals were lower than in the untreated diabetic rats. This was associated with elevated PARP activation in the aorta and in bone marrow cells that was similar to or even more pronounced than that seen in the untreated diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Large glycaemic swings exert deleterious cardiovascular effects in diabetes mellitus, in part via enhanced activation of the PARP pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Enzyme Activation
- Flow Cytometry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- In Vitro Techniques
- Insulin, Long-Acting/therapeutic use
- Kinetics
- Leukocytes/physiology
- Male
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Stress, Mechanical
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Horváth
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Csordás A, Mázló M, Gallyas F. Recovery versus death of "dark" (compacted) neurons in non-impaired parenchymal environment: light and electron microscopic observations. Acta Neuropathol 2003; 106:37-49. [PMID: 12665989 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-003-0694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2002] [Revised: 02/20/2003] [Accepted: 02/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The formation of massively shrunken, hyperbasophilic, hyperargyrophilic and hyper-electron-dense but not apoptotic ("dark") neurons was initiated in rat brains by means of an electric-shock and two mechanical-injury paradigms that do not cause considerable parenchymal damage in the areas investigated. The rats were killed by perfusion fixation either immediately after these instantaneous initiating insults or after a survival period ranging from 40 min to 6 days. The formation of "dark" neurons was complete in less than a few minutes. In the somatodendritic domain of each "dark" neuron, all ultrastructural elements were remarkably preserved during the acute stage, apart from a dramatic reduction of the distances between them. This ultrastructural compaction was accompanied by a marked shift of cell fluid through seemingly intact plasma membrane, mainly into surrounding astrocytic elements. The majority of the "dark" neurons regained their normal morphology and staining properties (recovery) in 4 h. Thereafter, only solitary mitochondrion-derived membranous whorls in the cytoplasm reminded of a previous morphological disturbance. The dead "dark" neurons fell apart into membrane-bound fragments that retained their sharp outlines and compacted interior even after being engulfed by astrocytes or microglial cells. The latter sequence of morphological changes can not be harmonized with the prevailing assumption, according to which "dark" neurons die through the necrotic pathway. The fate of the "dark" neurons appeared to depend on the presence or absence of serious post-insult pathophysiological circumstances in their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Csordás
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs University, Rét utca 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
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Csordás A, Graham R, Szépfalusy P. Off-resonance light scattering from Bose condensates in traps. Phys Rev A 1996; 54:R2543-R2546. [PMID: 9913913 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.54.r2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Csordás A, Graham R, Szépfalusy P, Vattay G. Transition from Poissonian to Gaussian-orthogonal-ensemble level statistics in a modified Artin's billiard. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:325-332. [PMID: 9961221 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Csordás A, Graham R, Szépfalusy P. Level statistics of a noncompact cosmological billiard. Phys Rev A 1991; 44:1491-1499. [PMID: 9906110 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.44.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Csordás A, Szépfalusy P. Dynamical multifractal properties of a map related to a chaotic cosmological model. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 40:2221-2224. [PMID: 9902393 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.2221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Csordás A, Szépfalusy P. Singularities in Rényi information as phase transitions in chaotic states. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 39:4767-4777. [PMID: 9901828 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.39.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Szépfalusy P, Tél T, Csordás A, Kovács Z. Phase transitions associated with dynamical properties of chaotic systems. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1987; 36:3525-3528. [PMID: 9899289 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.36.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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