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Liu Y, Tan J, Zhang N, Li W, Fu B. A Strainer-Based Platform for the Collection and Immunolabeling of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus-Infected Porcine Intestinal Organoid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15671. [PMID: 37958655 PMCID: PMC10650080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of organoid research has raised new requirements for this methodology. In a previous study, we demonstrated that an emerging protocol achieved the collection, loading, and programmed immunolabeling of mouse intestinal organoids based on a strainer platform. To uncover the applied potential of this novel methodology on organoids from other species, the strainer platform was utilized to characterize the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-infected porcine intestinal organoid model. Based on a previous study, some steps were changed to improve the efficiency of the assay by simplifying the reagent addition procedure. In addition, we redefined the range of strainer sizes on porcine intestinal organoids, showing that strainers with pore sizes of 40 and 70 μm matched the above protocol well. Notably, the strainer platform was successfully used to label viral proteins, laying the foundation for its application in the visualization of viral infection models. In summary, the potential of the strainer platform for organoid technology was explored further. More extensive exploration of this platform will contribute to the development of organoid technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agriculture Ministry Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (Y.L.); (J.T.); (N.Z.); (W.L.)
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Ghorbaninejad M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Baharvand H, Meyfour A. Intestinal organoids: A versatile platform for modeling gastrointestinal diseases and monitoring epigenetic alterations. Life Sci 2023; 319:121506. [PMID: 36858311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significant limitations of conventional 2D cell cultures and tissue in vitro models, creating intestinal organoids has burgeoned as an ideal option to recapitulate the heterogeneity of the native intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can be developed from either tissue-resident adult stem cells (ADSs) or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in both forms induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells. Here, we review current advances in the development of intestinal organoids that have led to a better recapitulation of the complexity, physiology, morphology, function, and microenvironment of the intestine. We discuss current applications of intestinal organoids with an emphasis on disease modeling. In particular, we point out recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal organoids. We also discuss the less explored application of intestinal organoids in epigenetics by highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications in intestinal development, homeostasis, and diseases, and subsequently the power of organoids in mirroring the regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in these conditions and introducing novel predictive/diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we propose 3D organoid models to evaluate the effects of novel epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs) on the treatment of GI diseases where epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in disease development and progression, particularly in colorectal cancer treatment and epigenetically acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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The Probiotic Strains Bifidοbacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii Regulate Wound Healing and Chemokine Responses in Human Intestinal Subepithelial Myofibroblasts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101293. [PMID: 36297405 PMCID: PMC9611312 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces boulardii are common probiotic supplements. Colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (cSEMFs) are actively involved in mucosal wound healing and inflammation. cSEMFs, isolated from healthy individuals, were stimulated with 102 or 104 cfu/mL of these probiotic strains alone and in combination, and their effect on chemokine and wound healing factor expression was assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Sircol Assay, and on cSEMFs migration, by Wound Healing Assay. These strains remained viable and altered cSEMFs’ inflammatory and wound healing behavior, depending on the strain and concentration. cSEMFs treated with a combination of the four probiotics had a moderate, but statistically significant, increase in the mRNA and/or protein expression of chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL4, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2 and CCL5, and healing factors, collagen type I and III, fibronectin and tissue factor. In contrast, when each strain was administered alone, different effects were observed, with greater increase or decrease in chemokine and healing factor expression, which was balanced by the mixture. Overall, this study highlights that the use of multiple probiotic strains can potentially alert the gut mucosal immune system and promote wound healing, having a better effect on mucosal immunity than the use of single probiotics.
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Wang W, Geng M, Zhu C, Huang L, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhang T, Du X, Wang N. Protective Effects and Mechanism of a Novel Probiotic Strain Ligilactobacillus salivarius YL20 against Cronobacter sakazakii-Induced Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Vitro and In Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183827. [PMID: 36145205 PMCID: PMC9501190 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to probiotics in early life contributes to host intestinal development and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), an opportunistic pathogen, can cause NEC, bacteremia, and meningitis in neonates, but the research of probiotics against C. sakazakii is limited relative to other enteropathogens. Here, the protective effect and mechanism of a novel probiotic Ligilactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) YL20 isolated from breast milk on C. sakazakii-induced intestinal injury were explored by using two in vitro models, including an C. sakazakii-infected intestinal organoid model and intestinal barrier model, as well as an in vivo experimental animal model. Our results revealed that L. salivarius YL20 could promote epithelial cell proliferation in intestinal organoids, rescue budding-impaired organoids, prevent the decrease of mRNA levels of leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1) and Occludin, and reverse C. sakazakii-induced low level of Mucin 2 (MUC2) in intestinal organoids. Additionally, YL20 could inhibit C. sakazakii invasion, increase the expression of ZO-1 and occludin in C. sakazakii-infected HT-29 cells, and reverse TEER decrease and corresponding permeability increase across C. sakazakii-infected Caco-2 monolayers. Furthermore, YL20 administration could alleviate NEC in C. sakazakii-infected neonatal mice by increasing the mice survival ratio, decreasing pathology scores, and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, YL20 could also enhance intestinal barrier function in vivo by increasing the number of goblet cells, the level of MUC-2 and the expression of ZO-1. Our overall findings demonstrated for the first time the beneficial effects of L. salivarius YL20 against C. sakazakii-induced NEC by improving intestinal stem cell function and enhancing intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (N.W.); Tel.: +86-451-55665478 (W.W.); +86-22-60602099 (N.W.)
| | - Meng Geng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tengxun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chongjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinjun Du
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (N.W.); Tel.: +86-451-55665478 (W.W.); +86-22-60602099 (N.W.)
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Nalluri H, Subramanian S, Staley C. Intestinal organoids: a model to study the role of microbiota in the colonic tumor microenvironment. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1583-1594. [PMID: 33215543 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that a dysbiotic shift in the intestinal microbial composition of CRC patients influences tumorigenesis. Gut microbes are known to be integral for intestinal homeostasis; however, the mechanisms by which they impact CRC are unclear. Further knowledge about these complex interactions may guide future CRC management. Thus, it is crucial to establish high-quality experimental models to understand the relationship between host, tumor, microbiota and their metabolic interactions. In this review, we highlight the significance of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites in CRC, challenges with current experimental models, advantages and limitations of organoid culture and future directions of this novel model system in CRC-associated microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Nalluri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic & Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic & Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Surgery, Division of Basic & Translational Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Hausmann A, Russo G, Grossmann J, Zünd M, Schwank G, Aebersold R, Liu Y, Sellin ME, Hardt W. Germ-free and microbiota-associated mice yield small intestinal epithelial organoids with equivalent and robust transcriptome/proteome expression phenotypes. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13191. [PMID: 32068945 PMCID: PMC7317401 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial organoids established from gut tissue have become a widely used research tool. However, it remains unclear how environmental cues, divergent microbiota composition and other sources of variation before, during and after establishment confound organoid properties, and how these properties relate to the original tissue. While environmental influences cannot be easily addressed in human organoids, mice offer a controlled assay-system. Here, we probed the effect of donor microbiota differences, previously identified as a confounding factor in murine in vivo studies, on organoids. We analysed the proteomes and transcriptomes of primary organoid cultures established from two colonised and one germ-free mouse colony of C57BL/6J genetic background, and compared them to their tissue of origin and commonly used cell lines. While an imprint of microbiota-exposure was observed on the proteome of epithelial samples, the long-term global impact of donor microbiota on organoid expression patterns was negligible. Instead, stochastic culture-to-culture differences accounted for a moderate variability between independently established organoids. Integration of transcriptome and proteome datasets revealed an organoid-typic expression signature comprising 14 transcripts and 10 proteins that distinguished organoids across all donors from murine epithelial cell lines and fibroblasts and closely mimicked expression patterns in the gut epithelium. This included the inflammasome components ASC, Naip1-6, Nlrc4 and Caspase-1, which were highly expressed in all organoids compared to the reference cell line m-ICc12 or mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Taken together, these results reveal that the donor microbiota has little effect on the organoid phenotype and suggest that organoids represent a more suitable culture model than immortalised cell lines, in particular for studies of intestinal epithelial inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Hausmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mirjam Zünd
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Gerald Schwank
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Institute of Systems Biology, Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Institute of Systems Biology, Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Biology InstituteYale University School of MedicineWest HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Mikael E. Sellin
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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