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Gąsior JS, Gąsienica-Józkowy M, Młyńczak M, Rosoł M, Makuch R, Baranowski R, Werner B. Heart rate dynamics and asymmetry during sympathetic activity stimulation and post-stimulation recovery in ski mountaineers-a pilot exploratory study. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1336034. [PMID: 38495673 PMCID: PMC10941344 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1336034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on non-linear heart rate (HR) variability in athletes. We aimed to assess the usefulness of short-term HR dynamics and asymmetry parameters to evaluate the neural modulation of cardiac activity based on non-stationary RR interval series by studying their changes during sympathetic nervous system activity stimulation (isometric handgrip test) and post-stimulation recovery in professional ski mountaineers. The correlation between the changes in the parameters and the respiratory rate (RespRate) and also the duration of the career was analyzed. Short-term (5 min) and ultra-short-term (1 min) rates of patterns with no variations (0V), number of acceleration runs of length 1 (AR1), and short-term Porta's Index were greater, whereas Guzik's Index (GI) was smaller during sympathetic stimulation compared to rest. GI increased and the number of AR1 decreased during recovery. Greater increases in GI and RMSSD were associated with greater decreases in RespRate during recovery. Greater increases in RespRate from rest to short-term sympathetic stimulation were associated with greater increases in 0V (Max-min method) and AR1 but also with greater decreases in decelerations of short-term variance and accelerations and decelerations of long-term variance. Greater increases in 0V (Max-min method) and number of AR1 during sympathetic stimulation were associated with a shorter career duration. Greater decreases in these parameters during recovery were associated with a longer career duration. Changes in measures of HR dynamics and asymmetry, calculated based on short-term non-stationary RRi time series induced by sympathetic stimulation and post-stimulation recovery, reflected sympathovagal shift and were associated with condition-related alterations in RespRate and career duration in athletes who practice ski mountaineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub S. Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcel Młyńczak
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Rosoł
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Makuch
- Department of Physical Education, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Radom, Poland
| | - Rafał Baranowski
- Department of Heart Rhythm Disorders, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Cakan P, Yildiz S, Akyay A, Öncül Y. Intensive chemotherapy perturbs heart rate variability in children with cancer. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 52:69-80. [PMID: 34973888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In children, cancer chemotherapy may impair the functioning of the cardiac autonomic nervous system. Moreover, it is not known whether there are any differences between intensive and maintenance phases of chemotherapy. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess autonomic nervous system activity using heart rate variability, in children receiving intensive or maintenance cancer chemotherapy. METHODS For that purpose, children who were healthy (healthy control, n = 30), receiving intensive chemotherapy (chemotherapy, n = 30), and receiving maintenance chemotherapy (maintenance, n = 25) were included in the study. Autonomic nervous system activity was measured by means of heart rate variability. Electrocardiogram recordings were used to calculate time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters. RESULTS Time-domain parameters such as standard deviation of NN intervals and frequency-domain parameters such as total power were lower during the intensive chemotherapy but not during maintenance phase (standard deviation of NN intervals: 50±5, 33±3, and 48±3 ms, and total power: 2613±504, 1379±296 and 2295±264 ms2, respectively for healthy control, chemotherapy and maintenance groups, P<0.001 for both standard deviation of NN intervals and total power). DISCUSSION The present results indicate that intensive chemotherapy perturbs the function of heart rate variability in children, with recovery during the maintenance phase. This suggests that intensive chemotherapy is likely to affect the autonomic nervous system but this effect does not appear to be permanent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cakan
- Department of Physiology, University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Yildiz
- Department of Physiology Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Akyay
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yurday Öncül
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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3
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Tanoue Y, Komatsu T, Nakashima S, Matsuda T, Michishita R, Higaki Y, Uehara Y. The ratio of heart rate to heart rate variability reflects sympathetic activity during incremental cycling exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1714-1723. [PMID: 34708682 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1994652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A low-frequency to a high-frequency component ratio (LF/HF) in heart rate variability (HRV) may not accurately reflect sympathetic nervous activity during exercise. Thus, a valid HRV-based index of sympathetic nervous activity is needed. Therefore, the heart rate to LF ratio (Heart rate/LF) was evaluated as sympathetic nervous activity index which is reflected by catecholamine levels during incremental exercise. In this study, 15 healthy adults performed an incremental exercise test using a cycle ergometer. HRV was derived from electrocardiography and HRV components related to the autonomic nervous system were obtained using frequency analysis. Heart rate/LF was calculated using the heart rate and LF component produced by HRV analysis. Catecholamine, blood lactate levels and respiratory gas were also measured throughout the exercise test. While LF/HF did not increase with increasing exercise intensity, Heart rate/LF non-linearly increased during the incremental exercise test, as did noradrenaline and blood lactate. Interestingly, Heart rate/LF values were positively correlated with noradrenaline (ρ = 0.788, p < 0.05) and blood lactate (ρ = 0.802, p < 0.05) levels and carbon dioxide production (ρ = 0.903, p < 0.05) from at rest through the exercise stages. Heart rate/LF reflects sympathetic nervous activity and metabolic responses during incremental cycling exercise and has potential as an HRV index of sympathetic nervous activity during exercise.Trial registration: UMIN Japan identifier: UMIN000039639..
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Tanoue
- Graduate School of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Komatsu
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Preventive, Anti-aging, and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shihoko Nakashima
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsuda
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryoma Michishita
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Uehara
- Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Preventive, Anti-aging, and Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Hinde K, White G, Armstrong N. Wearable Devices Suitable for Monitoring Twenty Four Hour Heart Rate Variability in Military Populations. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:1061. [PMID: 33557190 PMCID: PMC7913967 DOI: 10.3390/s21041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements provide information on the autonomic nervous system and the balance between parasympathetic and sympathetic activity. A high HRV can be advantageous, reflecting the ability of the autonomic nervous system to adapt, whereas a low HRV can be indicative of fatigue, overtraining or health issues. There has been a surge in wearable devices that claim to measure HRV. Some of these include spot measurements, whilst others only record during periods of rest and/or sleep. Few are capable of continuously measuring HRV (≥24 h). We undertook a narrative review of the literature with the aim to determine which currently available wearable devices are capable of measuring continuous, precise HRV measures. The review also aims to evaluate which devices would be suitable in a field setting specific to military populations. The Polar H10 appears to be the most accurate wearable device when compared to criterion measures and even appears to supersede traditional methods during exercise. However, currently, the H10 must be paired with a watch to enable the raw data to be extracted for HRV analysis if users need to avoid using an app (for security or data ownership reasons) which incurs additional cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Hinde
- Human and Social Sciences Group, Defence and Science Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK; (G.W.); (N.A.)
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Comparison of effect of aquatic interventions on cardiac modulation of obese young males in motion. A crossover trial. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2021-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: The study aimed to compare the effects of passive Watsu therapy and immersion on cardiac locomotor synchronization of obese young males.
Material and methods: Twenty-six volunteer obese males participated in this study (age 18.3 ± 0.32, BMI 36.9 ± 6.52). Heart rate variability parameters were recorded in different positions by the Polar H7 heart rate sensor and HRV+ software. Participants were assigned to two groups, randomly, in a single-blinded crossover design. Kubios HRV 2.2 and MATLAB were used to analyze the bio-signals. Statistical analysis was performed via t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) using SPSS. For the significance in results and group comparison, the paired t-test and the independent t-test were used respectively.
Results: Combined results indicated that Watsu therapy increased 3 HRV vertical position parameters and immersion increased 3 HRV non-locomotor parameters, significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings show that Watsu and immersion improved the specific autonomic cardiac modulation. However, non-contact immersion seemed to provide better synchronization of cardiac control and locomotion. The close contact Watsu approach provided improvements in autonomic cardiac regulation. Collectively, these improvements suggest the combination of both therapies in maximizing the cardiac benefits sought by aquatic therapy programs.
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Milagro J, Hernández-Vicente A, Hernando D, Casajús JA, Garatachea N, Bailón R, Pueyo E. Estimation of the second ventilatory threshold through ventricular repolarization profile analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 31:339-349. [PMID: 33038026 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Under the hypothesis that sympathetic control of ventricular repolarization may change once the second ventilatory threshold (VT2) has been reached, a novel methodology for non-invasive VT2 estimation based on the analysis of the T wave from the electrocardiogram (ECG) is proposed, and potential underlying physiological mechanisms are suggested. 25 volunteers (33.4 ± 5.2 years) underwent an incremental power cycle ergometer test (25 W/minute). During the test, respiratory gas exchange and multi-lead ECG were acquired. The former was employed to determine VT2, used here as a reference, whereas the latter was used to compute the temporal profiles of an index of ventricular repolarization instability (dT) and its low-frequency (LF) oscillations (LFdT). The sudden increases observed in dT and LFdT profiles above an established heart rate threshold were employed to derive VT2 estimates, referred to as VT2d T and VT2LF d T , respectively. Estimation errors of -4.7 ± 25.2 W were obtained when considering VT2d T . Errors were lower than the one-minute power increment of 25 W in 68% of the subjects and lower than 50 W in 89.5% of them. When using VT2LF d T , estimation error was of 15.3 ± 32.4 W. Most of the subjects shared common characteristic dT and LFdT profiles, which could be reflecting changes in the autonomic control of ventricular repolarization before and after reaching VT2. The analysis of ventricular repolarization dynamics during exercise allows non-invasive ECG-based estimation of VT2, possibly in relation to changes in the autonomic control of ventricular electrical activity when VT2 is reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Milagro
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Hernández-Vicente
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - David Hernando
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Casajús
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health Sciences (FCS), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Agro-alimentary Institute of Aragón -IA2- (CITA-University of Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-Obn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Agro-alimentary Institute of Aragón -IA2- (CITA-University of Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-Obn), Madrid, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Deportes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailón
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation Group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Calleja-Romero A, López-Laval I, Sitko S, Hernando D, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Bailón R, Garatachea N. Effects of a 75-km mountain ultra-marathon on heart rate variability in amateur runners. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:1401-1407. [PMID: 32550715 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10860-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) on the activity of the autonomous nervous system through heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring and determined whether this variable related to final performance. METHODS Heart rate and HRV were measured in eight male amateur runners (aged 37-60 years). Measurements were recorded before and after the event, in resting conditions, as well as continuously throughout the whole MUM. In addition, percentage (%) of heart rate reserve (HR<inf>res</inf>) and partial and total times during the race were analyzed. RESULTS Average heart rate (HR<inf>avg</inf>) measured at rest was increased after the event (+37%). Standard deviation of successive differences (SDSD) and the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) were reduced after the MUM (-56% and -59%, respectively). There was a positive relationship between the frequency-domain index normalized low frequency power (PLFn) measured at rest before the event and race time (0.79) while there was a negative relationship between race time and the difference in HR<inf>avg</inf> before and after the event. In the last half of the event, there was a high correlation (Spearman coefficient of correlation >0.9) between race time and the standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN) registered during the race. CONCLUSIONS Autonomous cardiac regulation can be related to the performance in a mountain ultra-marathon. HRV monitoring could represent a practical tool for the evaluation of the relationship between the autonomous nervous system activity and performance in a mountain ultra-marathon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Calleja-Romero
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain -
| | - Isaac López-Laval
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Sebastian Sitko
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - David Hernando
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-Obn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailón
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER- Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-Obn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón -IA2- (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain.,National Sports Council, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Vila XA, Lado MJ, Cuesta-Morales P. Evidence Based Recommendations for Designing Heart Rate Variability Studies. J Med Syst 2019; 43:311. [PMID: 31451951 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-019-1437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a powerful instrument that provides information about the heart conditions. However, there exist some limitations in the use of HRV in the clinical practice. Examples are the lack of reference values for healthy populations, different HR (Heart Rate) acquisition systems, and varying software packages. Other factors that affect HRV values are the influence of lifestyle, drugs and alcohol consumption, and pollution. In this work, recommendations to perform HRV-based experiments were established. These suggestions refer to best moment of the day to record data, the optimal body position, and the quality and duration of the recorded signals. In this way, HR data from 6 healthy subjects (2 women, 4 men), with median age of 50 years old, were recorded during 15 days, 3 times a day. Recordings were performed in the following situations: both supine and sitting body positions, in the morning, in the afternoon and at night. Data were processed and HRV analysis was performed. Distorting factors affecting HRV have been determined. The most stable HRV indexes (less variation over the days) have also been established. For this task, a variation coefficient was calculated for each parameter, as the ratio between the standard deviation and the mean value. Results indicated that HR data should be recorded in the morning, the sitting position. Related to signals duration, when comparing HR signals, they should be of equal length (same recording time). In addition, HRVi (HRV triangular index) and MADRR (median of the absolute differences between adjacent RR intervals) resulted in the most robust indexes in both low and high frequency domains. For global indexes, the ApEn (approximate entropy) measure emerged as the most stable one. As a conclusion, researchers must be extremely cautious in studies involving HRV analysis; the moment of the day to record data, the body position, or the quality of recorded data will produce different HR signals, and thus, the values of the HRV parameters will be different in each case. This may clearly bias the conclusions of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé A Vila
- Department of Computer Science, ESEI, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - María J Lado
- Department of Computer Science, ESEI, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - P Cuesta-Morales
- Department of Computer Science, ESEI, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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Milagro J, Hernando D, Lazaro J, Casajus JA, Garatachea N, Gil E, Bailon R. Electrocardiogram-Derived Tidal Volume During Treadmill Stress Test. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:193-202. [PMID: 30990416 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2911351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electrocardiogram (ECG) has been regarded as a source of respiratory information with the main focus in the estimation of the respiratory rate. Although little research concerning the estimation of tidal volume (TV) has been conducted, there are several ECG-derived features that have been related with TV in the literature, such as ECG-derived respiration, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate. In this paper, we exploited these features for estimating TV using a linear model. METHODS 25 young (33.4 ± 5.2 years) healthy male volunteers were recruited for performing a maximal (MaxT) and a submaximal (SubT) treadmill stress test, which were conducted on different days. Both tests were automatically segmented in stages attending to the heart rate. Afterwards, a subject-specific TV model was calibrated for each stage, employing features from MaxT, and the model was later used for estimating the TV in SubT. RESULTS During exercise, the different proposed approaches led to relative fitting errors lower than 14% in most of the cases and 6% in some of them. CONCLUSION Low achieved fitting errors suggest that TV can be estimated from ECG during a treadmill stress test. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggest that it is possible to estimate TV during exercise using only ECG-derived features.
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Alikhani I, Noponen K, Hautala A, Seppänen T. Characterization and reduction of exercise-based motion influence on heart rate variability using accelerator signals and channel decoding in the time-frequency domain. Physiol Meas 2018; 39:115002. [PMID: 30183678 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aadeff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the variation of the heart's beat to beat time intervals. Although HRV has been studied for decades, its response to stress tests and off-rest measurements is still under investigation. In this paper, we studied the influence of motion on HRV throughout different exercise tests, including a maximal running of healthy recreational runners, cycling, and walking tests of healthy subjects. APPROACH In our proposed method, we utilized the motion trajectory (which is known to exist partially in HRV) measured by a three-channel accelerator (ACC). We then estimated their shares in HRV using a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) and an error-correcting problem formulation. In this method, we characterized the motion components of three orthogonal directions induced into the HRV signal, and then we suppressed the estimated motion artefact to construct a motion-attenuated spectrogram. Main results and Significance: Our analysis showed that HRV in the exercise context is susceptible to motion artefacts. Furthermore, the interpretation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity and HRV indices throughout exercise has a high margin of error depending on the intensity level, type of exercise, and motion trajectory. Our experiment on 84 healthy subjects throughout mid-intensity cycling and walking tests showed 39% and 32% influence on average, respectively. In addition, our proposed method revealed through a maximal running test with 11 runners that motion can describe on average 20%-40% of the HRV high-frequency (HF) energy at different workloads of running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Alikhani
- Physiological Signal Analysis Team, Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Arza A, Garzón-Rey JM, Lázaro J, Gil E, Lopez-Anton R, de la Camara C, Laguna P, Bailon R, Aguiló J. Measuring acute stress response through physiological signals: towards a quantitative assessment of stress. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:271-287. [PMID: 30094756 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1879-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Social and medical problems associated with stress are increasing globally and seriously affect mental health and well-being. However, an effective stress-level monitoring method is still not available. This paper presents a quantitative method for monitoring acute stress levels in healthy young people using biomarkers from physiological signals that can be unobtrusively monitored. Two states were induced to 40 volunteers, a basal state generated with a relaxation task and an acute stress state generated by applying a standard stress test that includes five different tasks. Standard psychological questionnaires and biochemical markers were utilized as ground truth of stress levels. A multivariable approach to comprehensively measure the physiological stress response is proposed using stress biomarkers derived from skin temperature, heart rate, and pulse wave signals. Acute physiological stress levels (total-range 0-100 au) were continuously estimated every 1 min showing medians of 29.06 au in the relaxation tasks, while rising from 34.58 to 47.55 au in the stress tasks. Moreover, using the proposed method, five statistically different stress levels induced by the performed tasks were also measured. Results obtained show that, in these experimental conditions, stress can be monitored from unobtrusive biomarkers. Thus, a more general stress monitoring method could be derived based on this approach. Graphical abstract Stress measurements of different healthy young people throughout a Stress Session that includes a pre-relax stage (BLs), memory test (ST and MT), stress anticipation time (SA), video display (VD) and arithmetic task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arza
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Microelectronics and Electronic Systems Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Embedded Systems Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Jorge Mario Garzón-Rey
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- Microelectronics and Electronic Systems Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Lázaro
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eduardo Gil
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raul Lopez-Anton
- Psychology and Sociology Department of University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Laguna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailon
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
- BSICoS Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jordi Aguiló
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Microelectronics and Electronic Systems Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Microeletronics National Center, IMB-CNM, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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