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Harada K, Ono S. Background and clinical significance of biomarker-based patient enrichment in non-small-cell lung cancer drug development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7194. [PMID: 38531888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies have adopted biomarker-based enrichment (personalized) strategies to improve research and development productivity. We explored the background in which personalized strategies are adopted and examined whether their adoption is linked to improved efficacy of new drugs approved for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We extracted data from the first labels of drugs approved for NSCLC between May 2003 and February 2021, and performed a qualitative comparative analysis and meta-analysis. Personalized strategies were adopted in more than half of the trials (16/27) and were often used in trials aimed at obtaining first-line indications and in drugs that were not first-in-class. The meta-analysis showed that personalized trials had significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR) than trials without personalization but not for relative response rate ratio (RRR) or overall survival (OS) HR. Trials in which PFS HR was the primary endpoint tended to have improved PFS HR, and trials in which OS HR was the primary endpoint had worse PFS HR. The efficacy endpoints that are substantially affected by personalized strategies appear to differ, especially for new drugs with novel mechanism of action (MOA), because trial designs are employed to validate drug-specific advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Harada
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ono
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Liu W, Huo G, Chen P. Cost-effectiveness of first-line versus second-line use of brigatinib followed by lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1213318. [PMID: 38435286 PMCID: PMC10906082 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1213318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The ALTA-1 L trial and EXP-3B arm of NCT01970865 trial found that both brigatinib and lorlatinib showed durable and robust responses in treating ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, brigatinib and lorlatinib treatments are costly and need indefinite administration until the disease progression. Thus, it remains uncertain whether using brigatinib followed by lorlatinib before chemotherapy is cost-effective compared to reserving these two drugs until progression after chemotherapy. Methods We used a Markov model to assess clinical outcomes and healthcare costs of treating ALK-positive NSCLC individuals with brigatinib followed by lorlatinib before chemotherapy versus a strategy of reserving these drugs until progression after chemotherapy. Transition probabilities were estimated using parametric survival modeling based on multiple clinical trials. The drug acquisition costs, adverse events costs, administration costs were extracted from published studies before and publicly available data. We calculated lifetime direct healthcare costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from the perspective of a United States payer. Results Our base-case analysis indicated that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of using first-line brigatinib followed by lorlatinib compared with second-line brigatinib followed by lorlatinib is $-400,722.09/QALY which meant that second-line brigatinib followed by lorlatinib had less costs and better outcomes. Univariate sensitivity analysis indicated the results were most sensitive to the cost of brigatinib. Probability sensitivity analysis revealed that using brigatinib followed by lorlatinib before chemotherapy had a 0% probability of cost-effectiveness versus delaying these two drugs until progression after chemotherapy at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000 per QALY. Sensitivity analyses conducted revealed the robustness of this result, as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios never exceeded the willingness-to-pay threshold. Conclusion Using brigatinib as first-line treatment followed by lorlatinib for ALK-positive NSCLC may not be cost-effective given current pricing from the perspective of a United States payer. Delaying brigatinib followed by lorlatinib until subsequent lines of treatment may be a reasonable strategy that could limit healthcare costs without affecting clinical outcomes. More mature data are needed to better estimate cost-effectiveness in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Gengwei Huo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Kim Y, Lee HM. CRISPR-Cas System Is an Effective Tool for Identifying Drug Combinations That Provide Synergistic Therapeutic Potential in Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:2593. [PMID: 37998328 PMCID: PMC10670858 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts, the therapeutic advancement for neuroblastoma and other cancer treatments is still ongoing due to multiple challenges, such as the increasing prevalence of cancers and therapy resistance development in tumors. To overcome such obstacles, drug combinations are one of the promising applications. However, identifying and implementing effective drug combinations are critical for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Given the enormous possibilities of combinations, a rational approach is required to predict the impact of drug combinations. Thus, CRISPR-Cas-based and other approaches, such as high-throughput pharmacological and genetic screening approaches, have been used to identify possible drug combinations. In particular, the CRISPR-Cas system (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) is a powerful tool that enables us to efficiently identify possible drug combinations that can improve treatment outcomes by reducing the total search space. In this review, we discuss the rational approaches to identifying, examining, and predicting drug combinations and their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeong-Min Lee
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
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Cranmer H, Kearns I, Young M, Humphries MJ, Trueman D. The cost-effectiveness of brigatinib in adult patients with ALK inhibitor–naive ALK-positive non–small cell lung cancer from a US perspective. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2022; 28:970-979. [PMID: 36001099 PMCID: PMC10373024 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2022.28.9.970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The discovery of specific oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the development of highly targeted anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALKis). Brigatinib is a next-generation ALKi associated with prolonged progression-free survival in patients with ALKi-naive ALK+ NSCLC. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of brigatinib compared with crizotinib and alectinib in patients with ALKi-naive ALK+ NSCLC, from a US payer perspective. METHODS: A lifetime area under the curve-partitioned survival model with 4 health states was used to evaluate the relative cost-effectiveness of brigatinib in the ALKi-naive ALK+ NSCLC setting. Brigatinib was compared with crizotinib within a cost-effectiveness framework and compared with alectinib in a cost-comparison framework, where all efficacy outcomes were assumed equal. The efficacy of brigatinib and crizotinib was informed by the ALTA-1L trial, and an indirect treatment comparison was performed to inform the efficacy of brigatinib vs alectinib owing to a lack of head-to-head data. Costs were derived from public sources. The main outcomes of the model were total costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), life-years, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, in addition to multiple scenario analyses, were conducted to assess the robustness of the model outcomes. RESULTS: The improved outcomes observed in ALTA-1L translated into QALY gains (+0.97) in the comparison of brigatinib vs crizotinib. The superior efficacy profile was associated with increased time on treatment with brigatinib, which drove the increase in costs vs crizotinib (+$210,519). The resulting base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $217,607/QALY gained. Compared with alectinib, brigatinib was associated with a cost difference of -$8,546. Sensitivity analysis suggested that extrapolation of overall survival, the assumptions relating to time on treatment, and subsequent therapy costs were the most influential determinants of results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggested brigatinib had the highest probability of being cost-effective beyond willingness-to-pay thresholds of $236,000 per QALY vs crizotinib and alectinib. CONCLUSIONS: At list prices and under base-case assumptions in the current analysis, brigatinib was associated with cost-savings vs alectinib, and QALY gains but at higher costs vs crizotinib. Additional research into the real-world efficacy of ALKis is warranted to further understand the comparative cost-effectiveness of these therapies. DISCLOSURES: Ms Cranmer and Ms Kearns are employees of Takeda UK Ltd. Dr Young is a former employee of Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. Dr Humphries is an employee of Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc. Mr Trueman is an employee of Source Health Economics, the consultancy company that provided health economic and writing services. This work was funded by ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Work by Source Health Economics was funded by ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Professional medical writing assistance was provided by Phillipa White, of Source Health Economics, and funded by ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Kiladze I, Mariamidze E, Baramidze A, Lomidze M, Meladze K, Jeremic B. Molecular profiling and characteristics of non-small-cell lung cancer patients in Georgia. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3585-3594. [PMID: 34269071 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, the correlation between histopathology, smoking status, driver oncogene mutations and PD-L1 overexpression were investigated. Patients and methods: A total of 202 patients were identified. Research was done in Georgia. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in 6% of the tested cases (12/187) and five out of 12 EGFR+ cases had histology consistent with squamous cell carcinoma. No statistically significant correlation was observed between PD-L1 expression, smoking status and clinicopathological characteristics. However, the correlation between smoking status and histology was statistically significant (p = 0.0264), as never-smokers had a higher incidence of adenocarcinoma histology. Conclusion: The study showed a small percentage of EGFR mutations associated with adenocarcinoma histology and revealed a solid existence of this mutation in squamous cell carcinoma histology. A higher incidence of adenocarcinoma histology was observed in never-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivane Kiladze
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Caucasus Medical Centre, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elene Mariamidze
- Department of Oncology & Hematology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine after academician F Todua, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Anna Baramidze
- Department of Clinical Trials, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine after academician F Todua, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mariam Lomidze
- Department of Clinical Trials, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine after academician F Todua, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Ketevan Meladze
- Department of Clinical Trials, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine after academician F Todua, Tbilisi, Georgia
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Nilsson FOL, Asanin ST, Masters ET, Iadeluca L, Almond C, Cooper M, Smith S. The Cost-Effectiveness of Lorlatinib Versus Chemotherapy as a Second- or Third-Line Treatment in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Positive Non-small-cell Lung Cancer in Sweden. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2021; 39:941-952. [PMID: 34080140 PMCID: PMC8298221 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-021-01015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lorlatinib is a third-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with efficacy in patients with ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with a second-generation ALK inhibitor or with first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors. We examined the cost-effectiveness of second- or third-line+ (2L+ or 3L+) lorlatinib in Sweden, versus chemotherapy. METHODS A partitioned survival model with three health states (progression free, progressed, or death) was used. Lorlatinib relative efficacy versus chemotherapy was derived using unanchored matching adjusted indirect treatment comparisons from a phase 2 clinical trial. Utility data were derived from the same trial and published studies. Costs (year 2019) were obtained from Swedish national data. Costs and benefits were discounted at 3% per annum using a societal perspective (base case). Model robustness was evaluated with deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS For 2L+, the average discounted total quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain was 1.29 years. Total incremental costs were Swedish krona (SEK) 731,791, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SEK 566,278 per QALY gained. Non-discounted survival gain amounted to 1.94 years. For 3L+, the average discounted total QALY gain was 1.25 years. Total incremental costs were SEK 754,801, resulting in an ICER of SEK 603,934 per QALY gained. Non-discounted survival gain was 1.88 years. Sensitivity analyses were consistent. CONCLUSIONS ICERs ranged from SEK 421,000 to SEK 384,066 less than the boundary for a cost-effective treatment for a high-severity disease in Sweden (SEK 988,000), suggesting 2L+ or 3L+ lorlatinib is a cost-effective treatment for ALK-positive NSCLC versus chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik O L Nilsson
- Pfizer Innovations AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
- , Vetenskapsvägen 10 SE-191 90, Sollentuna, Sweden.
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Wang X, Chen X, Li G, Han X, Gao T, Liu W, Tang X. Application of Carbon Ion and Its Sensitizing Agent in Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708724. [PMID: 34290989 PMCID: PMC8287631 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) is the most advanced radiation therapy (RT) available and offers new opportunities to improve cancer treatment and research. CIRT has a unique physical and biological advantage that allow them to kill tumor cells more accurately and intensively. So far, CIRT has been used in almost all types of malignant tumors, and showed good feasibility, safety and acceptable toxicity, indicating that CIRT has a wide range of development and application prospects. In addition, in order to improve the biological effect of CIRT, scientists are also trying to investigate related sensitizing agents to enhance the killing ability of tumor cells, which has attracted extensive attention. In this review, we tried to systematically review the rationale, advantages and problems, the clinical applications and the sensitizing agents of the CIRT. At the same time, the prospects of the CIRT in were prospected. We hope that this review will help researchers interested in CIRT, sensitizing agents, and radiotherapy to understand their magic more systematically and faster, and provide data reference and support for bioanalysis, clinical medicine, radiotherapy, heavy ion therapy, and nanoparticle diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangfei Li
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxin Gao
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Liang J, Gu W, Jin J, Zhang H, Chen Z, Tang Y, Zhang S, Yang S, Deng Y, Feng W. Efficacy and safety of apatinib as third- or further-line therapy for patients with advanced NSCLC: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 12:1758835920968472. [PMID: 33403012 PMCID: PMC7745562 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920968472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Apatinib, an oral small-molecule angiogenesis inhibitor, selectively inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated endothelial cell migration and proliferation and decreases tumour growth and metastasis. Recently, the efficacy of multi-target angiogenic drugs has been demonstrated for many cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of apatinib in patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 patients with advanced NSCLC who received second-line and later treatment from November 2015 to July 2017 with poor results. Out of the 70 patients, 36 patients received apatinib treatment after second-line or later treatment, whereas 34 patients in the control group did not receive further treatment. The patients were treated with oral apatinib 500 mg once a day every day for 4 weeks per cycle. Treatment was continued in responding and stable patients until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and side effects of the drug were recorded and reviewed. Results ORR, DCR, PFS, and OS were evaluated in 36 patients receiving apatinib and 34 patients in the control group. The ORR and DCR in patients receiving apatinib therapy were 22.2% and 77.8%, respectively. The median PFS and OS in the treatment group were 5.6 and 9.6 months, respectively. The median OS in the apatinib group was significantly longer than that in the control group (9.6 versus 3.8 months; p < 0.0001). In contrast, there were no differences in adverse reactions between the patients in the treatment and control groups. Conclusion Apatinib showed favourable efficacy and safety and can thus be used as a treatment option for patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmiao Liang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiguang Gu
- Oncology Department, Nanhai People's Hospital/The Second School of Clinical Medical, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Province Hospital of Combination of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zecheng Chen
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yicong Tang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunda Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanming Deng
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Weineng Feng
- Department of Head and Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, No. 81, North Lingnan Avenue, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province 528041, China
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Wang Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Liu S. Lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR gene mutation metastatic to the uterine cervix: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22636. [PMID: 33080701 PMCID: PMC7572012 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cervix is a rare site of metastasis from advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Driven gene detection is particularly important for the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENT CONCERNS A 49-year-old Chinese female was sent to our hospital because of lumbago and sacroiliac joint pain; she was unable to walk and had vaginal bleeding. The following examinations were performed: imaging, colposcopy, bronchoscopy, immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing. DIAGNOSIS According to the clinical manifestations and the examination results, the diagnosis was lung adenocarcinoma with cervical, brain, adrenal gland and bone metastases. More importantly, EGFR gene mutations (del19) were detected in both the primary lung lesion and uterine cervical biopsy specimen. INTERVENTIONS Osimertinib was chosen as the first-line treatment. OUTCOMES Lumbago and sacroiliac joint pain were significantly relieved. The levels of tumor markers decreased. Primary injuries and metastatic sites were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Physicians should be alert to the signals of vaginal bleeding and consider that primary lung adenocarcinoma may metastasize to the uterine cervix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Zheng Road, Nanchang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), 16 Meiguan Road, Ganzhou
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Internal Neurology
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), 16 Meiguan Road, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), 16 Meiguan Road, Ganzhou
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FGFR1 and FGFR4 oncogenicity depends on n-cadherin and their co-expression may predict FGFR-targeted therapy efficacy. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102683. [PMID: 32114392 PMCID: PMC7047190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1 and FGFR4 have been associated with tumorigenesis in a variety of tumour types. As a therapeutic approach, their inhibition has been attempted in different types of malignancies, including lung cancer, and was initially focused on FGFR1-amplified tumours, though with limited success. METHODS In vitro and in vivo functional assessments of the oncogenic potential of downregulated/overexpressed genes in isogenic cell lines were performed, as well as inhibitor efficacy tests in vitro and in vivo in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). mRNA was extracted from FFPE non-small cell lung cancer samples to determine the prognostic potential of the genes under study. FINDINGS We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence showing that expression of the adhesion molecule N-cadherin is key for the oncogenic role of FGFR1/4 in non-small cell lung cancer. According to this, assessment of the expression of genes in different lung cancer patient cohorts showed that FGFR1 or FGFR4 expression alone showed no prognostic potential, and that only co-expression of FGFR1 and/or FGFR4 with N-cadherin inferred a poorer outcome. Treatment of high-FGFR1 and/or FGFR4-expressing lung cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts with selective FGFR inhibitors showed high efficacy, but only in models with high FGFR1/4 and N-cadherin expression. INTERPRETATION Our data show that the determination of the expression of FGFR1 or FGFR4 alone is not sufficient to predict anti-FGFR therapy efficacy; complementary determination of N-cadherin expression may further optimise patient selection for this therapeutic strategy.
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Ma S, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu D. Actin-like protein 8 promotes cell proliferation, colony-formation, proangiogenesis, migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:526-536. [PMID: 31962007 PMCID: PMC7049497 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer‐associated mortality worldwide of which lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common. The identification of oncogenes and effective drug targets is the key to individualized LUAD treatment. Actin‐like protein 8 (ACTL8), a member of the cancer/testis antigen family, is associated with tumor growth and patient prognosis in various types of cancer. However, whether ACTL8 is involved in the development of LUAD remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the role of ACTL8 in human LUAD cells. Methods The expression of ACTL8 in LUAD tissues and cell lines was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Additionally, plasmids expressing ACTL8‐specific short hairpin RNAs were used to generate lentiviruses which were subsequently used to infect A549 and NCI‐H1975 human LUAD cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, as well as cell cycle progression and the expression of protein markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition were investigated. A549 cell tumor growth in nude mice was also examined. Results The results showed that ACTL8 was highly expressed in A549 and NCI‐H1975 LUAD cell lines. Additionally, ACTL8‐knockdown inhibited proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, and increased apoptosis in both cell lines. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in nude mice revealed that ACTL8‐knockdown inhibited A549 cell tumor growth. Conclusion These results suggest that ACTL8 serves an oncogenic role in human LUAD cells, and that ACTL8 may represent a potential therapeutic target for LUAD. Key points Our results suggest that ACTL8 serves an oncogenic role in human LUAD cells, and that ACTL8 may represent a potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwu Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deruo Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Zeng F, Xu B, Zhu H, Wu S, Liao G, Xie D, Huang L, Qiao G, Yang X, Zhou H. A cascade dual-targeted nanocarrier for enhanced alectinib delivery to ALK-positive lung cancer. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:6404-6413. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00970a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polymeric nanocarrier with a cascade of magnetic and TAT targeting enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of alectinib towards ALK-positive lung cancer.
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Batra U, Mahawar V, Jajodia A, Razdan A, Mahanthi H, Babu Koyyala VP. Patterns of brain metastasis in anaplastic lymphoma kinase - rearranged and epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung cancer patients in magnetic resonance imaging. South Asian J Cancer 2019; 8:189-190. [PMID: 31489297 PMCID: PMC6699234 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_98_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The optimal management of neuroparenchymal lesions in cases of lung cancer is exigent as this frequent yet notorious complication negatively impacts the morbidity and mortality index. Aims: This study is aimed at recognizing various patterns of neuroparenchymal metastasis in patients of lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive mutations. Material and Methods: The radiological findings of the neuroparenchymal lesions were analyzed and the statistical data were charted. We identified two groups of patients with neuroparenchymal lesions among a cohort of 340 patients having EGFR-positive (68) and ALK-positive (24) mutations (total: 24 + 68 = 92). Results: We observed that among the ALK group, leptomeningeal spread was less compared to EGFR group (2/24 as opposed to 18/68). Morphological heterogeneity and central necrosis in the parenchymal lesion which were associated with unfavorable outcomes were predominant in ALK group (8/24) as opposed to EGFR group (2/68). Ancillary findings but pertinent to survival and morbidity such as presence of perilesional edema, hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus on magnetic resonance imaging were also analyzed. The mutation-specific differential imaging spectrum could be attributed to biological differences between these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullas Batra
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Mahawar
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankush Jajodia
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Avinash Razdan
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Mahanthi
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
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14
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Nassif S, El-Zaatari ZM, Attieh M, Hijazi M, Fakhreddin N, Aridi T, Boulos F. Lack of expression of ALK and CD30 in breast carcinoma by immunohistochemistry irrespective of tumor characteristics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16702. [PMID: 31393373 PMCID: PMC6709128 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of cell surface receptors normally expressed in lymphocytes, as well as some lymphomas, but has been described in other malignancies. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that belongs to the insulin receptor superfamily, and is normally expressed in neural cells, but has been detected in several malignancies. There is conflicting data in the literature that describes the expression of these receptors in breast cancer, and the aim of this study is to test the expression of CD30 and ALK in a cohort of Middle Eastern patients with breast carcinoma.Cases of invasive breast cancer from the archives of AUBMC were reviewed over a period of 9 years, and the blocks that were used for immunohistochemical staining for ER, PR, Her-2/neu were selected. Immunohistochemical staining for CD30 (JCM182) and ALK (5A4 and D5F3) was performed.Two hundred eighty-four cases were identified (2 cases were male), with a mean age of 55 ± 12. CD30 and ALK expression was not seen in any of the cases.Our cohort showed complete negativity to both CD30 and ALK, adding to the conflicting data available in the literature, and more studies are needed to reliably identify a trend of expression of CD30 and ALK in breast carcinoma, especially in the Middle East.
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Li M, Zhang L, Tang W, Ma PQ, Zhou LN, Jin YJ, Qi LL, Wu N. Quantitative features of dual-energy spectral computed tomography for solid lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR and KRAS mutations, and ALK rearrangement: a preliminary study. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:401-412. [PMID: 31555515 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.08.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The present work aimed to evaluate radio-genomic associations of quantitative parameters obtained by dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT) for solid lung adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations, as well as anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement. Methods Ninety-six cases of solid lung cancer were selected and assessed for EGFR and KRAS mutations, and ALK rearrangement. Then, they underwent chest DESCT, and quantitative parameters, including water concentration (WC), iodine concentration (IC), CT value at 70 keV, effective atomic number (Effective-Z) and spectral Hounsfield unit curve slope (λHU slope) were measured. Finally, the associations of quantitative radiological features with various gene alterations were evaluated. Results The positive rates were 51.0% (49/96) for EGFR, 13.5% (13/96) for KRAS and 16.7% (16/96) for ALK. In univariate analysis, EGFR mutation was associated with smoking status, CT value at 70 keV, IC, Effective-Z, and λHU slope; KRAS mutation was associated with CT value at 70 keV, IC, Effective-Z, and λHU slope, and ALK rearrangement was correlated with age and WC. In multivariate analysis, smoking status (OR =2.924, P=0.019) and CT value at 70 keV (OR =1.036, P=0.006) were significantly associated with EGFR mutation; Effective-Z and age were significantly associated with KRAS mutation (OR =0.047, P=0.032) and ALK rearrangement (OR =0.933, P=0.008), respectively. Conclusions Quantitative analysis of DESCT could help detect solid lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR or KRAS mutation, or ALK rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Pei-Qing Ma
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yu-Jing Jin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lin-Lin Qi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.,PET-CT Center, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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16
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Sun S, Jin S, Guo R. [Role of STAT3 in Resistance of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2019; 22:457-463. [PMID: 31315785 PMCID: PMC6712271 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2019.07.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
近年来,肿瘤炎症微环境对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)耐药影响的机制研究刚刚起步,信号传导及转录激活因子3(signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, STAT3)作为连接炎症和肿瘤的关键信号通路分子,其活化可引起肿瘤细胞中诸多基因沉默、表达异常及基因的不稳定等,诱导化疗、靶向药物治疗耐药,有望成为潜在的逆转耐药的新靶点。本综述阐述了STAT3在NSCLC获得性耐药中的研究进展,以探讨其作为逆转耐药新靶点的可能性,为NSCLC获得性耐药的临床治疗新策略提供理论依据。
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shidai Jin
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers: Indian Consensus Guidelines for Molecular Testing. Adv Ther 2019; 36:766-785. [PMID: 30864106 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel molecular targets and promising targeted therapies have reshaped diagnostics in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite this progress, the implementation of molecular screening to identify predictive biomarkers in Indian clinical and pathology settings has been challenging due to operational and logistical constraints. This consensus guideline brings together medical oncologists, molecular pathologists and pathologists from India to provide a quick and competent reference for biomarker testing in NSCLC. The guideline summarizes the importance of targetable mutations in NSCLC such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), rearrangements in anaplastic lymphoma kinase and receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by ROS-1 gene, overexpression of programmed cell death ligand-1 and resistant EGFR mutations. It reaffirms recommendations from international working groups, discusses vulnerable pre-analytical procedures and provides a balanced review on the pros and cons of different diagnostic tests (immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction-based testing and next-generation sequencing). The document also provides an algorithm to aid diagnostic decision-making and a checklist to assess the quality of testing laboratories that will help the medical oncologists make an informed choice. Overall, these recommendations are based on evidence and clinical experience and will aid policymakers, oncologists, health care practitioners and pathologists who strive to implement molecular strategies and make informed decisions for improved care in NSCLC in India.Funding: AstraZeneca Pharma India Limited.
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Lai Y, Kacal M, Kanony M, Stukan I, Jatta K, Kis L, Norberg E, Vakifahmetoglu-Norberg H, Lewensohn R, Hydbring P, Ekman S. miR-100-5p confers resistance to ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors Crizotinib and Lorlatinib in EML4-ALK positive NSCLC. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:260-265. [PMID: 30791979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer causes the highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Resistance to therapy is a major clinical issue contributing to the poor prognosis of lung cancer. In recent years, targeted therapy has become a concept where subgroups of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with genetically altered receptor tyrosine kinases are targeted by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). One such subgroup harbors a gene fusion of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Although most NSCLC patients with EML4-ALK fusions initially respond to ALK TKI-therapy they eventually develop resistance. While ALK kinase domain mutations contribute to ALK TKI-refractoriness, they are only present in a fraction of all ALK TKI-resistant tumors. In this study we sought to explore a possible involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in conferring resistance to ALK TKIs in ALK TKI-refractory NSCLC cell lines. We subjected our ALK TKI-refractory cancer cells along with parental cancer cells to systematic miRNA expression arrays. Furthermore, ALK TKI-refractory cancer cells were exposed to a synthetic miRNA inhibitory Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA)-library in the presence of ALK TKIs Crizotinib or Lorlatinib. The outcome of the combined approaches uncovered miR-100-5p to confer resistance to Crizotinib and Lorlatinib in EML4-ALK NSCLC cells and to be a potential therapeutic target in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lai
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merve Kacal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Solnavägen 9, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maraam Kanony
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iga Stukan
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenbugul Jatta
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorand Kis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Norberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Solnavägen 9, Karolinska Institutet, S-17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rolf Lewensohn
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hydbring
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Simon Ekman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Visionsgatan 4, Karolinska Institutet, S-17164, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, S-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Davis LE, Nusser KD, Przybyl J, Pittsenbarger J, Hofmann NE, Varma S, Vennam S, Debiec-Rychter M, van de Rijn M, Davare MA. Discovery and Characterization of Recurrent, Targetable ALK Fusions in Leiomyosarcoma. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:676-685. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Ahmadzada T, Kao S, Reid G, Boyer M, Mahar A, Cooper WA. An Update on Predictive Biomarkers for Treatment Selection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E153. [PMID: 29914100 PMCID: PMC6025105 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7060153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely established that management of lung cancer is much more complex and cannot be centered on the binary classification of small-cell versus non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer is now recognized as a highly heterogeneous disease that develops from genetic mutations and gene expression patterns, which initiate uncontrolled cellular growth, proliferation and progression, as well as immune evasion. Accurate biomarker assessment to determine the mutational status of driver mutations such as EGFR, ALK and ROS1, which can be targeted by specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors, is now essential for treatment decision making in advanced stage NSCLC and has shifted the treatment paradigm of NSCLC to more individualized therapy. Rapid advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches to NSCLC treatment have been paralleled by development of a range of potential predictive biomarkers that can enrich for patient response, including PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden. Here, we review the key biomarkers that help predict response to treatment options in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamkin Ahmadzada
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Steven Kao
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney 2050, Australia.
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney 2139, Australia.
| | - Glen Reid
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney 2139, Australia.
| | - Michael Boyer
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney 2050, Australia.
| | - Annabelle Mahar
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2050, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2560, Australia.
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney 2050, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney 2560, Australia.
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DiBonaventura MD, Wong W, Shah-Manek B, Schulz M. Real-world usage and clinical outcomes of alectinib among post-crizotinib progression anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive non-small-cell lung cancer patients in the USA. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 11:75-82. [PMID: 29317835 PMCID: PMC5744742 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s144960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alectinib is an approved treatment for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Despite positive supporting clinical data, there is a lack of real-world information on the usage and patient outcomes of those treated with alectinib post-crizotinib progression. Methods Participating oncologists (N=95) in the USA were recruited from an online physician panel to participate in a retrospective patient chart review. Physicians randomly selected eligible patients (ie, patients who progressed on crizotinib as their first ALK inhibitor and were treated with alectinib as their second ALK inhibitor), collected demographics and clinical history from their medical charts, and entered the data into an online data collection form. Results A total of N=207 patient charts were included (age: 60.1±10.4 years; 53.6% male). The patients in our sample were older (median age of 60 vs 53 years), were more likely to be current smokers (12% vs 1%), had better performance status (45% vs 33% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] of 0), and were less likely to have an adenocarcinoma histology (83% vs 96%) relative to published clinical trials. The objective response rate was higher than in clinical trials (67.1% vs 51.3%, respectively) as was the disease control rate (89.9% vs 78.8%, respectively), though it varied by race/ethnicity, ECOG, and prior treatment history. Discontinuation (0.0%) and dose reductions (3.4%) due to adverse events were uncommon in alectinib. Conclusion Patients using alectinib post-crizotinib in clinical practice are older, more racially/ethnically and histologically diverse than patients in published trials. Real-world response rates were high and similar to those reported in clinical studies, though there is some variation by patient characteristics. Alectinib was well tolerated in clinical practice as reflected by the rates of discontinuation, dose reductions, and dose interruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Wong
- Genentech, US Medical Affairs, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bijal Shah-Manek
- Ipsos Healthcare, Global Evidence, Value & Access, San Francisco, CA.,College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, CA, USA
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Hu L, Yin X, Sun J, Zetterberg A, Miao W, Cheng T. A molecular pathology method for sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization for multi-gene analysis at the single-cell level. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50534-50541. [PMID: 28881581 PMCID: PMC5584163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-gene detection at the single-cell level is desirable to enable more precise genotyping of heterogeneous hematology and oncology samples. This study aimed to establish a single-cell multi-gene fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method for use in molecular pathology analyses. Five fluorochromes were used to label different FISH gene probes, and 5 genes were detected using a five-color FISH protocol. After the first hybridization, the previous FISH probe set was stripped, and a second set of five-color FISH probes was used for rehybridization. After each hybridization, the fluorescence signals were recorded in 6 fluorescence filter channels that included DAPI, Spectrum Green™, Cy3™ v1, Texas Red, Cy5, and PF-415. A digital automatic relocation procedure was used to ensure that exactly the same microscopic field was studied in each stripping and hybridization cycle. By using this sequential stripping and rehybridization strategy, up to 20 genes can be detected within a single nucleus. In conclusion, a practical molecular pathology method was developed for analyzing multiple genes at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin China
| | - Xiuxiu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin China
| | - Jiangman Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin China
| | - Anders Zetterberg
- The Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Cancer Institute, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weimin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin China.,Union Stem Cell and Gene Engineering Co. Ltd, Tianjin China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin China
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Ma D, Wang J, Hao X, Wang Y, Hu X, Xing P, Li J. Gemcitabine combined with cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective analysis. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:482-488. [PMID: 28745824 PMCID: PMC5582465 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to evaluate the value of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin as adjuvant chemotherapy for radical resection of non‐small cell lung cancer. Methods Data of 100 patients who had undergone radical resection of non‐small cell lung cancer and were treated with cisplatin/gemcitabine as adjuvant chemotherapy between June 2007 and December 2010 at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were reviewed. Results The median age was 59 years (range 36–73); 82% of the patients were male. Forty‐two percent had adenocarcinoma and 55% had squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients had pathologic IIB (29%) and IIIA (44%) stage disease. Eighty‐five percent of patients completed four cycles of chemotherapy, with 76% completing the planned full dose. The main reason for a reduced gemcitabine dose in 13 patients was grade 3/4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. The median dose and dose intensity were 8377.1 mg/m2 and 708 mg/(m2/week) for gemcitabine and 293.38 mg/m2 and 25.24 mg/(m2/week) for cisplatin, respectively. During follow‐up the median disease‐free survival was 33.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.938–51.676). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (hazard ratio [HR] 0.404, 95% CI 0.241–0.676; P = 0.001) and pathologic stage I (HR 4.379, 95% CI 1.721–11.142; P = 0.002) achieved better disease‐free survival. The survival rates at one, two, and five years were 94%, 77%, and 55%, while the survival rates without recurrence were 64%, 53%, and 39%, respectively. Conclusion As an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen, gemcitabine with cisplatin is well tolerated. Patients with squamous cell carcinomas or pathologic stage I achieve better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chaoyang Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingsheng Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Puyuan Xing
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Discovery of Potent ALK Inhibitors Using Pharmacophore-Informatics Strategy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 76:111-124. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Schulze AB, Schmidt LH, Baie L, Heitkötter B, Kuemmel A, Mohr M, Buhl R, Hillmann H, Geißler G, Kelsch R, Görlich D, Berdel WE, Hartmann W, Wiewrodt R. Rhesus CE expression on patient red blood cells is an independent prognostic factor for adenocarcinoma of the lung. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2017; 12:1106-1117. [PMID: 28398662 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The influence of blood group antigens on cancerogenesis is shown for distinct tumor types, yet the impact of Rhesus blood group antigens in lung cancer is not clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS To investigate the impact of Rhesus blood groups a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) collective (n = 1047) was analyzed retrospectively. Using a second cohort of n = 340 primarily operated stage I-III NSCLC patients, we evaluated immunohistochemistry of CD47-antibody stained tissue samples in correlation to histopathologic subtype and Rhesus blood group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In 516 of 1047 patients blood group data were available. Seven different RhCE phenotypes were grouped as "··ee," "ccE·," and "C·E·." Adenocarcinoma patients with Rh "··ee" revealed improved overall survival (29 (21.2-36.8) m; HR 1.00 [index]) compared with Rh "ccE·" (19 (1.9-36.1) m; HR 1.76 [1.15-2.70]) and Rh "C·E·" (10 (7.4-12.6) m; HR 2.65 [1.70-4.12]) univariately (P < .001) and multivariately (P < .001). Rh "··ee" showed reduced incidence of CNS-metastasis (P = .014) and metastasis count (P = .032) in stage IV adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry associated CD47-positivity with adenocarcinomas (n = 340, P = .048). In n = 51 cases blood group data were available. The prognostic effect of Rh "··ee" compared with Rh "ccE·" and Rh "C·E·" was stated (P = .001), foremost in CD47-positive adenocarcinomas (Rh "··ee" vs. Rh "ccE·" and Rh "C·E·," P = .008). Inversely Rh "ccE·" or Rh "C·E·" was found beneficial in CD47-negative non-adenocarcinomas (P = .046). Phenotypic RhCE expression may be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in adeno-NSCLC. We hypothesize an erythrocytic-immunologic interaction with tumor tissue, possibly altered by RhCE and CD47, resulting in a metastatic prone condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Schulze
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - L H Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - L Baie
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - B Heitkötter
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - A Kuemmel
- III. Medical Department, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Mohr
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Buhl
- III. Medical Department, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Hillmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - G Geißler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Kelsch
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - D Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - W E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - W Hartmann
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - R Wiewrodt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Yamazaki S, Spilker ME, Vicini P. Translational modeling and simulation approaches for molecularly targeted small molecule anticancer agents from bench to bedside. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2016; 12:253-65. [PMID: 26799750 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1141895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled personalized cancer therapies with molecularly targeted agents (MTAs), which offer a promising future for cancer therapy. Dynamic modeling and simulation (M&S) is a powerful mathematical approach linking drug exposures to pharmacological responses, providing a quantitative assessment of in vivo drug potency. Accordingly, a growing emphasis is being placed upon M&S to quantitatively understand therapeutic exposure-response relationships of MTAs in nonclinical models. AREAS COVERED An overview of M&S approaches for MTAs in nonclinical models is presented with discussion about mechanistic extrapolation of antitumor efficacy from bench to bedside. Emphasis is placed upon recent advances in M&S approaches linking drug exposures, biomarker responses (e.g. target modulation) and pharmacological outcomes (e.g. antitumor efficacy). EXPERT OPINION For successful personalized cancer therapies with MTAs, it is critical to mechanistically and quantitatively understand their exposure-response relationships in nonclinical models, and to logically and properly apply such knowledge to the clinic. Particularly, M&S approaches to predict pharmacologically active concentrations of MTAs in patients based upon nonclinical data would be highly valuable in guiding the design and execution of clinical trials. Proactive approaches to understand their exposure-response relationships could substantially increase probability of achieving a positive proof-of-concept in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamazaki
- a Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Mary E Spilker
- a Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Paolo Vicini
- a Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & Metabolism , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , San Diego , CA , USA
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Tang N, Wang Z. Comparison of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone in advanced non-small-lung cancer patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4671-9. [PMID: 27536131 PMCID: PMC4973774 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a first-line treatment for advanced nonsquamous, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2006. This study retrospectively compared the efficacy of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone as the first-line and second-line treatment as well as the maintenance treatment for advanced NSCLC patients. A total of 1,352 patients were included and we analyzed the efficacy evaluation according to the criteria of the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), survival, and adverse reactions. The data showed that for bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 11.5 and 17.0 months, respectively, compared to 7.0 and 14 months, respectively, in patients who received chemotherapy alone (P<0.01). With bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as maintenance treatment, the mPFS and mOS were 6.0 and 17.4 months, respectively, compared to 3.0 and 15.0 months, respectively, with chemotherapy alone (P<0.01). With bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as the second-line treatment, the mPFS was 3.0 months compared to only 2.0 months with chemotherapy alone (P<0.01). The overall responses to the different regimens showed that the remission rate with bevacizumab plus chemotherapy was higher than that with chemotherapy alone (31.8% vs 25.5%, P<0.05), although there was no statistical difference in the disease control rate with either first- or second-line treatment. In conclusion, chemotherapy plus bevacizumab as the first-line and maintenance treatment, led to better curative rates and tolerable adverse reactions compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced NSCLC patients. Bevacizumab combined with cytotoxic drugs was suitable as the second-line treatment for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Landscape in Lung Cancer: Therapeutical Implications. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9214056. [PMID: 27528792 PMCID: PMC4977389 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9214056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease responsible for the most cases of cancer-related deaths. The majority of patients are clinically diagnosed at advanced stages, with a poor survival rate. For this reason, the identification of oncodrivers and novel biomarkers is decisive for the future clinical management of this pathology. The rise of high throughput technologies popularly referred to as “omics” has accelerated the discovery of new biomarkers and drivers for this pathology. Within them, tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) have proven to be of importance as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive tools and, due to their molecular nature, as therapeutic targets. Along this review, the role of TKRs in the different lung cancer histologies, research on improvement of anti-TKR therapy, and the current approaches to manage anti-TKR resistance will be discussed.
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Croegaert K, Kolesar JM. Role of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 72:1456-62. [PMID: 26294238 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp140836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Published data on the clinical efficacy, safety, dosage and administration, and costs of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors crizotinib and ceritinib in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are reviewed and compared. SUMMARY The ALK protein functions as a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase; rearrangements of the ALK gene are associated with the development of NSCLC with adenocarcinoma histology. Crizotinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved in 2011 as a first-line therapy for patients with metastatic ALK mutation-driven NSCLC. Significantly improved response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) have been reported with the use of crizotinib therapy versus standard chemotherapy, but mutations conferring resistance to treatment develop in most cases. The second-generation ALK inhibitor ceritinib was approved in 2014 for the treatment of ALK-mutated NSCLC in patients who are intolerant or develop resistance to crizotinib. In a clinical trial of ceritinib involving 130 patients with ALK-positive NSCLC, the majority of whom had experienced disease progression during crizotinib use, patients receiving at least 400 mg of ceritinib daily had an overall response rate of 56% and median PFS of seven months. Adverse effects commonly reported with the use of either drug include visual disturbances, gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., diarrhea), and liver enzyme abnormalities. CONCLUSION The tyrosine kinase inhibitors crizotinib and ceritinib provide an effective treatment approach for patients with ALK-mutated NSCLC. Efficacy data for both crizotinib and ceritinib indicate improved response rates and PFS with the use of either drug as an alternative to standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Croegaert
- Katie Croegaert, Pharm.D., is Postgraduate Year 2 Oncology Pharmacy Resident, University of Wisconsin (UW) Hospital and Clinics, Madison. Jill M. Kolesar, Pharm.D., BCPS, FCCP, is Professor of Pharmacy, UW School of Pharmacy, and Director, 3P Analytical Laboratory, UW Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison
| | - Jill M Kolesar
- Katie Croegaert, Pharm.D., is Postgraduate Year 2 Oncology Pharmacy Resident, University of Wisconsin (UW) Hospital and Clinics, Madison. Jill M. Kolesar, Pharm.D., BCPS, FCCP, is Professor of Pharmacy, UW School of Pharmacy, and Director, 3P Analytical Laboratory, UW Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison.
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Li Y, Huang XE. A Pooled Analysis on Crizotinib in Treating Chinese Patients with EML4-ALK Positive Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4797-800. [PMID: 26107243 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib based regimens in treating Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of crizotinib based regimens on response and safety for Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer were identified by using a predefined search strategy. Pooled response rate (RR) of treatment were calculated. RESULTS In crizotinib based regimens, 3 clinical studies which including 128 Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer and treated with crizotinib based regimen were considered eligible for inclusion. Pooled analysis suggested that, in all patients, the pooled RR was 59.3% (76/128) in crizotinib based regimens. ALT/AST mild visual disturbances, nausea, and vomiting were the main side effects. No treatment related death occurred in these crizotinib based treatments. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis suggests that crizotinib based regimens are associated with good response rate and accepted toxicities in treating Chinese patients with EML4-ALK positive non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemotherapy, the Affiliated Jiangsu Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China E-mail : huangxinen06 @163.com
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Zhang P, Dong J, Zhong B, Zhang D, Yuan H, Jin C, Xu X, Li H, Zhou Y, Liang Z, Ji M, Xu T, Song G, Zhang L, Chen G, Meng X, Sun D, Shih J, Zhang R, Hou G, Wang C, Jin Y, Yang Q. Design and synthesis of novel 3-sulfonylpyrazol-4-amino pyrimidines as potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1910-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhu Y, Zhai X, Chen S, Wang Z. Exploration of optimal time for initiating adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection: A retrospective study in Chinese patients with stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer in a single center. Thorac Cancer 2016; 7:399-405. [PMID: 27385981 PMCID: PMC4930958 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) can reduce the risk of recurrence and improve survival after surgical resection in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We explore the optimal time from surgery to initiation of ACT in Chinese patients with stage IIIA NSCLC. Methods Patients pathologically diagnosed with IIIA NSCLC who underwent radical surgery were included in this study. The cut‐off point of time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy (TTAC) was determined by maximally selected log‐rank statistics. Patients were divided into two groups according to the TTAC cut‐off point. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to eliminate confounding variables, and Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to analyze the impact of TTAC on disease‐free survival (DFS). Results The cut‐off time was 46 days from surgery to the first ACT. Prior to PSM, baseline characteristic variables were balanced with no statistical difference between the groups, except for pathologic subtype and smoking history. No difference in DFS was found between the two groups prior to PSM (P = 0.529); after PSM, the median DFS was consistent between the two (P = 0.822). N2 lymph node station involvement was an independent factor associated with poor survival compared with patients with N0 lymph node involvement. Moderate differentiation and postoperative radiotherapy could improve survival; however, TTAC was not significantly correlated with DFS. Subgroup analyses showed no significant correlation between DFS and different TTAC programs. Conclusion No survival difference was obtained as to when ACT was initiated for patients with stage IIIA NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Sipeng Chen
- School of Public Health Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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Cui S, Zhao Y, Dong L, Gu A, Xiong L, Qian J, Zhang W, Niu Y, Pan F, Jiang L. Is there a progression-free survival benefit of first-line crizotinib versus standard chemotherapy and second-line crizotinib in ALK-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma? A retrospective study of Chinese patients. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1013-21. [PMID: 26880708 PMCID: PMC4924358 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although crizotinib has demonstrated promising efficacy and acceptable toxicity in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the available evidence in Chinese populations is currently limited. This study compared the progression‐free survival (PFS) of Chinese patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive, advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received first‐line crizotinib therapy with that of patients who received first‐line standard chemotherapy, and also the PFS benefit of first‐line versus second‐line crizotinib treatment. Data on 80 patients with ALK‐positive, advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received crizotinib or standard chemotherapy as first‐line treatments between June 2013 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected; 26 of the patients received crizotinib as second‐line therapy after progressive disease (PD) occurred on first‐line chemotherapy. Tumor responses were assessed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. The median PFS was 13.3 months (95% CI: 6.5–20.0 months) in patients who received first‐line crizotinib as compared with 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.4–6.5 months) in patients who received first‐line standard chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio for progression or death with crizotinib, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11–0.36; P < 0.001). In patients who received second‐line crizotinib therapy, the median PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI: 6.4–13.4 months). The difference between first‐line and second‐line crizotinib treatment was not statistically significant (adjusted hazard ratio for progression, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.29–1.11; P = 0.092). Thus, there was a significant PFS benefit of first‐line crizotinib versus first‐line standard chemotherapy in Chinese patients with ALK‐positive lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, crizotinib showed promising efficacy in patients who received it as second‐line therapy after PD had occurred on first‐line chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Cui
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Dong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqin Gu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Qian
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Niu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Discovery of 2-arylamino-4-(1-methyl-3-isopropylsulfonyl-4-pyrazol-amino)pyrimidines as potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3738-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhou C, Wu YL, Chen G, Liu X, Zhu Y, Lu S, Feng J, He J, Han B, Wang J, Jiang G, Hu C, Zhang H, Cheng G, Song X, Lu Y, Pan H, Zheng W, Yin AY. BEYOND: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Phase III Study of First-Line Carboplatin/Paclitaxel Plus Bevacizumab or Placebo in Chinese Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2197-204. [PMID: 26014294 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.4424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The phase III BEYOND trial was undertaken to confirm in a Chinese patient population the efficacy seen with first-line bevacizumab plus platinum doublet chemotherapy in globally conducted studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients age ≥ 18 years with locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent advanced nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive carboplatin (area under the curve, 6) intravenously and paclitaxel (175 mg/m(2)) intravenously (CP) on day 1 of each 3-week cycle, for ≤ six cycles, plus placebo (Pl+CP) or bevacizumab (B+CP) 15 mg/kg intravenously, on day 1 of each cycle, until progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end points were objective response rate, overall survival, exploratory biomarkers, safety. RESULTS A total of 276 patients were randomly assigned, 138 to each arm. PFS was prolonged with B+CP versus Pl+CP (median, 9.2 v 6.5 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR], 0.40; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.54; P < .001). Objective response rate was improved with B+CP compared with Pl+CP (54% v 26%, respectively). Overall survival was also prolonged with B+CP compared with Pl+CP (median, 24.3 v 17.7 months, respectively; HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.93; P = .0154). Median PFS was 12.4 months with B+CP and 7.9 months with Pl+CP (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.63) in EGFR mutation-positive tumors and 8.3 and 5.6 months, respectively (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.53), in wild-type tumors. Safety was similar to previous studies of B+CP in NSCLC; no new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION The addition to bevacizumab to carboplatin/paclitaxel was well tolerated and resulted in a clinically meaningful treatment benefit in Chinese patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caicun Zhou
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhong Zhu
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohui Han
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Jiang
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqun Song
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - You Lu
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zheng
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anny-Yue Yin
- Caicun Zhou, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine; Shun Lu and Baohui Han, Shanghai Chest Hospital; Guoliang Jiang, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Wenjuan Zheng and Anny-Yue Yin, Roche (China) Holding Ltd, Shanghai; Yi-Long Wu, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences; Jianxing He, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou; Gongyan Chen, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin; Xiaoqing Liu, Academy of Military Medical Sciences Affiliated Hospital (307 Hospital of People's Liberation Army); Yunzhong Zhu, Beijing Chest Hospital; Jie Wang, Beijing Cancer Hospital; Gang Cheng, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Health, Beijing; Jifeng Feng, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing; Chunhong Hu, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha; Hao Zhang, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou; Xiangqun Song, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning; You Lu, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu; and Hongming Pan, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Yan S, Jiao X, Zou H, Li K. Prognostic significance of c-Met in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 6010 cases. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:62. [PMID: 26047809 PMCID: PMC4458003 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of c-Met in breast cancer remains controversial. A meta-analysis of the impact of c-Met in breast cancer was performed by searching published data. Methods Published studies analyzing overall survival (OS) or relapse free survival (RFS) according to c-Met expression were searched. The principal outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) for RFS or OS according to c-Met expression. Combined HRs were calculated using fixed- or random- effects models according to the heterogeneity. Results Twenty-one studies involving 6,010 patients met our selection criteria. The impact of c-Met on RFS and OS was investigated in 12 and 17 studies, respectively. The meta-analysis results showed that c-Met overexpression significantly predicted poor RFS and OS in unselected breast cancer. Subgroup analysis indicated that c-Met overexpression was correlated with poor RFS and OS in Western patients, but was not associated with RFS or OS in Asian patients. C-Met was associated with poor OS in lymph node negative breast cancer and with poor RFS in hormone-receptor positive and triple negative breast cancer, but was not associated with prognosis in human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 positive breast cancer. Conclusions C-Met overexpression is an adverse prognostic marker in breast cancer, except among Asian and HER-2 positive patients. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1869780799156041
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchao Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
| | - Xin Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang Chest Hospital, Shenyang, 110044, China.
| | - Huawei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Davare MA, Tognon CE. Detecting and targetting oncogenic fusion proteins in the genomic era. Biol Cell 2015; 107:111-29. [PMID: 25631473 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The advent of widespread cancer genome sequencing has accelerated our understanding of the molecular aberrations underlying malignant disease at an unprecedented rate. Coupling the large number of bioinformatic methods developed to locate genomic breakpoints with increased sequence read length and a deeper understanding of coding region function has enabled rapid identification of novel actionable oncogenic fusion genes. Using examples of kinase fusions found in liquid and solid tumours, this review highlights major concepts that have arisen in our understanding of cancer pathogenesis through the study of fusion proteins. We provide an overview of recently developed methods to identify potential fusion proteins from next-generation sequencing data, describe the validation of their oncogenic potential and discuss the role of targetted therapies in treating cancers driven by fusion oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Davare
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, U.S.A; Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, U.S.A
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Kim SM, Kim MJ, Jung HA, Sun JM, Choi YL, Ko YH, Park K, Baek CH, Son YI, Ahn MJ. Presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase translocation in sarcomatoid carcinoma of head and neck and treatment effect of crizotinib: A case series. Head Neck 2015; 37:E66-9. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Min Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Moon Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Hyun Ae Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jong-Mu Sun
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Yoon-La Choi
- Department of Pathology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Young-Ik Son
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Samsung Medical Center; Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology; Department of Medicine; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine; Seoul Korea
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Richer AL, Friel JM, Carson VM, Inge LJ, Whitsett TG. Genomic profiling toward precision medicine in non-small cell lung cancer: getting beyond EGFR. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2015; 8:63-79. [PMID: 25897257 PMCID: PMC4397718 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s52845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The application of next-generation genomic technologies has offered a more comprehensive look at the mutational landscape across the different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A number of recurrent mutations such as TP53, KRAS, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in NSCLC. While targeted therapeutic successes have been demonstrated in the therapeutic targeting of EGFR and ALK, the majority of NSCLC tumors do not harbor these genomic events. This review looks at the current treatment paradigms for lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, examining genomic aberrations that dictate therapy selection, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for tumors harboring mutations in KRAS, TP53, and LKB1 which, to date, have been considered “undruggable”. A more thorough understanding of the molecular alterations that govern NSCLC tumorigenesis, aided by next-generation sequencing, will lead to targeted therapeutic options expected to dramatically reduce the high mortality rate observed in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Richer
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Friel
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vashti M Carson
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Landon J Inge
- Norton Thoracic Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Timothy G Whitsett
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Wang Z, Wu X, Shi Y, Han X, Cheng G, Cui D, Li L, Zhang Y, Mu X, Zhang L, Yang L, Di J, Yu Q, Liu D. Ventana immunohistochemistry ALK (D5F3) detection of ALK expression in pleural effusion samples of lung adenocarcinoma. Per Med 2015; 12:349-357. [PMID: 29771657 DOI: 10.2217/pme.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) assay for detecting anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein expression in pleural effusion samples. METHODS Historical, selected (wild-type EGFR, K-RAS) pleural effusion cytologic blocks of lung adenocarcinoma samples (Study 1) and unselected lung adenocarcinoma pleural effusion cytologic blocks (Study 2) were tested by Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) assay. Quantitative real-time-PCR was used to verify immunohistochemistry results. RESULTS A total of 17 out of 100 (Study 1) and ten out of 104 (Study 2) pleural effusion samples were ALK expression positive by the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) assay. The ALK fusion results with immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time-PCR had a concordance rate of 87.5% (κ = 0.886; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) assay is a reliable tool for detecting ALK protein expression in pleural effusion samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Mu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Di
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dongge Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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Choi YO, Song HH, Kim YM, Kang NS, Han SY, Chin YW. c-Met and ALK Inhibitory Constituents fromScutellaria baicalensis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ok Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Hwan Song
- Immune Modulator Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology; ChungBuk Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Yuseong-gu 305-764 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Gyeongsang National University; Jinju Gyeongnam 660-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Gyeonggi-do 410-820 Republic of Korea
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Revannasiddaiah S, Thakur P, Bhardwaj B, Susheela SP, Madabhavi I. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma: implications of the recent advances in molecular biology, treatment and the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:S502-25. [PMID: 25349702 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.05.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A decade ago, lung cancer could conveniently be classified into two broad categories-either the small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), or the non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), mainly to assist in further treatment related decision making. However, the understanding regarding the eligibility of adenocarcinoma histology for treatments with agents such as pemetrexed and bevacizumab made it a necessity for NSCLC to be classified into more specific sub-groups. Then, the availability of molecular targeted therapy with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib and erlotinib not only further emphasized the need for accurate sub-classification of lung cancer, but also heralded the important role of molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinomas. Given the remarkable advances in molecular biology, oncology and radiology, a need for felt for a revised classification for lung adenocarcinoma, since the existing World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lung cancer, published in the year 2004 was mainly a pathological system of classification. Thus, there was a combined effort by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) with an effort to inculcate newly established perspectives from clinical, molecular and radiological aspects in evolving a modern classification for lung adenocarcinomas. This review provides a summary of the recent advances in molecular biology and molecular targeted therapy with respect to lung adenocarcinoma. Also, a brief summation of the salient recommendations provided in the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinomas is provided. Lastly, a discussion regarding the future prospects with lung adenocarcinoma is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaroop Revannasiddaiah
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Thakur
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhaskar Bhardwaj
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sridhar Papaiah Susheela
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Irappa Madabhavi
- 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, Swami Rama Cancer, Hospital & Research Institute, Government Medical College-Haldwani, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India ; 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, Shimla, India, 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India ; 4 Department of Radiation Oncology, HealthCare Global-Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ; 5 Department of Medical, Oncology, Gujarat Cancer Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Yamazaki S, Lam JL, Zou HY, Wang H, Smeal T, Vicini P. Mechanistic understanding of translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships in nonclinical tumor models: a case study of orally available novel inhibitors of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:54-62. [PMID: 25349124 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.061143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The orally available novel small molecules PF06463922 [(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile] and PF06471402 [(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(azeno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile] are second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors targeted to both naïve and resistant patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to the first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The objectives of the present study were to characterize and compare the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationships of PF06463922 and PF06471402 for target modulation in tumor and antitumor efficacy in athymic mice implanted with H3122 NSCLC cells expressing a crizotinib-resistant echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK mutation, EML4-ALK(L1196M). Furthermore, the PKPD relationships for these ALK inhibitors were evaluated and compared between oral administration and subcutaneous constant infusion (i.e., between different pharmacokinetic [PK] profiles). Oral and subcutaneous PK profiles of these ALK inhibitors were adequately described by a one-compartment PK model. An indirect response model extended with a modulator fit the time courses of PF06463922- and PF06471402-mediated target modulation (i.e., ALK phosphorylation) with an estimated unbound EC50,in vivo of 36 and 20 nM, respectively, for oral administration, and 100 and 69 nM, respectively, for subcutaneous infusion. A drug-disease model based on the turnover concept fit tumor growth curves inhibited by PF06463922 and PF06471402 with estimated unbound tumor stasis concentrations of 51 and 27 nM, respectively, for oral administration, and 116 and 70 nM, respectively, for subcutaneous infusion. Thus, the EC50,in vivo to EC60,in vivo estimates for ALK inhibition corresponded to the concentrations required tumor stasis in all cases, suggesting that the pharmacodynamic relationships of target modulation to antitumor efficacy were consistent among the ALK inhibitors, even when the PK profiles with different administration routes were considerably different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamazaki
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Justine L Lam
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Helen Y Zou
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Hui Wang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Tod Smeal
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Paolo Vicini
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
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Qian H, Gao F, Wang H, Ma F. The efficacy and safety of crizotinib in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:683. [PMID: 25239305 PMCID: PMC4180325 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crizotinib was granted accelerated approval by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011 for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To evaluate the efficacy and safety of crizotinib, we performed a meta-analysis of published clinical trials using the random effect model. Methods The efficacy and safety of crizotinib was evaluated based on 1-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), partial response, complete response, stable disease, and dose reduction or cessation because of crizotinib toxicity. Results Six clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Crizotinib treatment demonstrated a 1-year OS of 66.8% (95% CI, 52.2–78.8%) and a PFS of 8.6 months (95% CI, 7.3–9.9 months). The aggregate ORR, partial response and complete response rates were 61.2%, 59.8% and 1.5%, respectively. The proportion of patients achieving stable disease was 42.6% (95% CI, 17.3–72.5%). The most frequently reported adverse effects of crizotinib were mild visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, edema, reduction in glomerular filtration rate, and generally reversible but sometimes severe elevations in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The proportion of patients who required dose reduction or cessation because of crizotinib toxicity was 6.5% (95% CI, 4.1–10.1%). Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed extended survival and improved response rates in patients treated with crizotinib. As a novel, targeted anticancer agent, crizotinib appears to be a favorable treatment option for patients with locally advanced or metastatic ALK-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liu Z, Yue X, Song Z, Peng X, Guo J, Ji Y, Cheng Z, Ding J, Ai J, Geng M, Zhang A. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 2-(thiazol-2-amino)-4-arylaminopyrimidines as potent anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:438-48. [PMID: 25200979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogues (DAAPalogues) was developed by incorporation of a substituted 2-aminothiazole component as the C-2 substituent of the center pyrimidine core. Compound 5i showed highest potency of 12.4 nM against ALK and 24.1 nM against ALK gatekeeper mutation L1196M. Although only having moderate cellular potency in the SUP-M2 cells harboring NPM-ALK, compound 5i showed good kinase selectivity and dose-dependently inhibited phosphorylation of ALK and its down-stream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xihua Yue
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zilan Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yinchun Ji
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Shanghai 201203, China.
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Rosenblum D, Peer D. Omics-based nanomedicine: The future of personalized oncology. Cancer Lett 2014; 352:126-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Crizotinib: a review of its use in the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Drugs 2014; 73:2031-51. [PMID: 24288180 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-013-0142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Crizotinib (Xalkori(®)) is an orally active, small molecule inhibitor of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor and c-ros oncogene 1. In the EU, crizotinib has been conditionally approved for the treatment of adults with previously treated, ALK-positive, advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This approval has been based on objective response rate and tolerability data from two ongoing phase I/II studies (PROFILE 1001 and PROFILE 1005); these results have been substantiated and extended by findings from an ongoing phase III study (PROFILE 1007) in patients with ALK-positive, advanced NSCLC who had received one prior platinum-based regimen. Those treated with crizotinib experienced significant improvements in progression-free survival, objective response rate, lung cancer symptoms and global quality of life, as compared with those treated with standard second-line chemotherapy (pemetrexed or docetaxel). The relative survival benefit with crizotinib is unclear, however, as the data are still immature and likely to be confounded by the high cross-over rate among chemotherapy recipients. Crizotinib treatment was generally well tolerated in the three PROFILE studies, with liver transaminase elevations and neutropenia being the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Crizotinib is the standard of care in terms of the treatment of patients with ALK-positive, advanced NSCLC; while the current EU approval is for second (or subsequent)-line use only, the first-line use of the drug is being evaluated in ongoing phase III studies. Key issues relating to the use of crizotinib in clinical practice include identifying the small subset of eligible patients, the almost inevitable development of resistance and the high cost of treatment.
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Yamazaki S, Lam JL, Zou HY, Wang H, Smeal T, Vicini P. Translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling for an orally available novel inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase and c-Ros oncogene 1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:67-76. [PMID: 25073473 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.217141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An orally available macrocyclic small molecule, PF06463922 [(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile], is a selective inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1). The objectives of the present study were to characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of PF06463922 between its systemic exposures, pharmacodynamic biomarker (target modulation), and pharmacologic response (antitumor efficacy) in athymic mice implanted with H3122 non-small cell lung carcinomas expressing echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK mutation (EML4-ALK(L1196M)) and with NIH3T3 cells expressing CD74-ROS1. In these nonclinical tumor models, PF06463922 was orally administered to animals with EML4-ALK(L1196M) and CD74-ROS1 at twice daily doses of 0.3-20 and 0.01-3 mg/kg per dose, respectively. Plasma concentration-time profiles of PF06463922 were adequately described by a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Using the model-simulated plasma concentrations, a pharmacodynamic indirect response model with a modulator sufficiently fit the time courses of target modulation (i.e., ALK phosphorylation) in tumors of EML4-ALK(L1196M)-driven models with EC50,in vivo of 36 nM free. A drug-disease model based on an indirect response model reasonably fit individual tumor growth curves in both EML4-ALK(L1196M)- and CD74-ROS1-driven models with the estimated tumor stasis concentrations of 51 and 6.2 nM free, respectively. Thus, the EC60,in vivo (52 nM free) for ALK inhibition roughly corresponded to the tumor stasis concentration in an EML4-ALK(L1196M)-driven model, suggesting that 60% ALK inhibition would be required for tumor stasis. Accordingly, we proposed that the EC60,in vivo for ALK inhibition corresponding to the tumor stasis could be considered a minimum target efficacious concentration of PF06463922 for cancer patients in a phase I trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamazaki
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Justine L Lam
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Helen Y Zou
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Hui Wang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Tod Smeal
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
| | - Paolo Vicini
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism (S.Y., J.L.L., P.V.) and Oncology Research Unit (H.Y.Z., H.W., T.S.), Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, California
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Casey SC, Li Y, Fan AC, Felsher DW. Oncogene withdrawal engages the immune system to induce sustained cancer regression. J Immunother Cancer 2014; 2:24. [PMID: 25089198 PMCID: PMC4118610 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The targeted inactivation of a single oncogene can induce dramatic tumor regression, suggesting that cancers are “oncogene addicted.” Tumor regression following oncogene inactivation has been thought to be a consequence of restoration of normal physiological programs that induce proliferative arrest, apoptosis, differentiation, and cellular senescence. However, recent observations illustrate that oncogene addiction is highly dependent upon the host immune cells. In particular, CD4+ helper T cells were shown to be essential to the mechanism by which MYC or BCR-ABL inactivation elicits “oncogene withdrawal.” Hence, immune mediators contribute in multiple ways to the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of cancer, including mechanisms of tumor initiation, progression, and surveillance, but also oncogene inactivation-mediated tumor regression. Data from both the bench and the bedside illustrates that the inactivation of a driver oncogene can induce activation of the immune system that appears to be essential for sustained tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 1105, Stanford 94305-5151, CA, USA
| | - Yulin Li
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 1105, Stanford 94305-5151, CA, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 1105, Stanford 94305-5151, CA, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 1105, Stanford 94305-5151, CA, USA
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RSPO fusion transcripts in colorectal cancer in Japanese population. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5375-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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