1
|
Savage WM, Yeary MD, Tang AJ, Sperring CP, Argenziano MG, Adapa AR, Yoh N, Canoll P, Bruce JN. Biomarkers of immunotherapy in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:383-394. [PMID: 39006524 PMCID: PMC11241363 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer, comprising half of all malignant brain tumors. Patients with GBM have a poor prognosis, with a median survival of 14-15 months. Current therapies for GBM, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical resection, remain inadequate. Novel therapies are required to extend patient survival. Although immunotherapy has shown promise in other cancers, including melanoma and non-small lung cancer, its efficacy in GBM has been limited to subsets of patients. Identifying biomarkers of immunotherapy response in GBM could help stratify patients, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop more effective treatments. This article reviews existing and emerging biomarkers of clinical response to immunotherapy in GBM. The scope of this review includes immune checkpoint inhibitor and antitumoral vaccination approaches, summarizing the variety of molecular, cellular, and computational methodologies that have been explored in the setting of anti-GBM immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M Savage
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mitchell D Yeary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony J Tang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin P Sperring
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Argenziano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arjun R Adapa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nina Yoh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/NY-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Squalli Houssaini A, Lamrabet S, Nshizirungu JP, Senhaji N, Sekal M, Karkouri M, Bennis S. Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:655. [PMID: 38932383 PMCID: PMC11209492 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Standard treatments including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have failed to significantly improve the prognosis of glioblastoma patients. Currently, immunotherapeutic approaches based on vaccines, chimeric antigen-receptor T-cells, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic virotherapy are showing promising results in clinical trials. The combination of different immunotherapeutic approaches is proving satisfactory and promising. In view of the challenges of immunotherapy and the resistance of glioblastomas, the treatment of these tumors requires further efforts. In this review, we explore the obstacles that potentially influence the efficacy of the response to immunotherapy and that should be taken into account in clinical trials. This article provides a comprehensive review of vaccine therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, we identify the main biomarkers, including isocitrate dehydrogenase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and telomerase reverse transcriptase, known as potential immunotherapeutic targets in glioblastoma, as well as the current status of clinical trials. This paper also lists proposed solutions to overcome the obstacles facing immunotherapy in glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Squalli Houssaini
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| | - Jean Paul Nshizirungu
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 3900, Rwanda;
| | - Nadia Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Sekal
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, Casablanca 20250, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Cellular and molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca 20360, Morocco
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Baddam SR, Kalagara S, Kuna K, Enaganti S. Recent advancements and theranostics strategies in glioblastoma therapy. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:052007. [PMID: 37582381 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf0ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal malignant brain tumor, and it is challenging to cure with surgery and treatment. The prevention of permanent brain damage and tumor invasion, which is the ultimate cause of recurrence, are major obstacles in GBM treatment. Besides, emerging treatment modalities and newer genetic findings are helping to understand and manage GBM in patients. Accordingly, researchers are focusing on advanced nanomaterials-based strategies for tackling the various problems associated with GBM. In this context, researchers explored novel strategies with various alternative treatment approaches such as early detection techniques and theranostics approaches. In this review, we have emphasized the recent advancement of GBM cellular models and their roles in designing GBM therapeutics. We have added a special emphasis on the novel genetic and drug target findings as well as strategies for early detection. Besides, we have discussed various theranostic approaches such as hyperthermia therapy, phototherapy and image-guided therapy. Approaches utilized for targeted drug delivery to the GBM were also discussed. This article also describes the recentin vivo, in vitroandex vivoadvances using innovative theranostic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Reddy Baddam
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, RNA Therapeutics Institute,Worcester,MA 01655, United States of America
| | - Sudhakar Kalagara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,University of the Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave,El Paso,TX 79968, United States of America
| | - Krishna Kuna
- Department of Chemistry,University College of Science, Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad,Telangana,India
| | - Sreenivas Enaganti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Averinbiotech Laboratories,208, 2nd Floor, Windsor Plaza, Nallakunta, Hyderabad, Telangana,India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kringel R, Lamszus K, Mohme M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Glioblastoma-Current Concepts and Promising Future. Cells 2023; 12:1770. [PMID: 37443804 PMCID: PMC10340625 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that is largely refractory to treatment and, therefore, invariably relapses. GBM patients have a median overall survival of 15 months and, given this devastating prognosis, there is a high need for therapy improvement. One of the therapeutic approaches currently tested in GBM is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. CAR-T cells are genetically altered T cells that are redirected to eliminate tumor cells in a highly specific manner. There are several challenges to CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors such as GBM, including restricted trafficking and penetration of tumor tissue, a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as heterogeneous antigen expression and antigen loss. In addition, CAR-T cells have limitations concerning safety, toxicity, and the manufacturing process. To date, CAR-T cells directed against several target antigens in GBM including interleukin-13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2), epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2) have been tested in preclinical and clinical studies. These studies demonstrated that CAR-T cell therapy is a feasible option in GBM with at least transient responses and acceptable adverse effects. Further improvements in CAR-T cells regarding their efficacy, flexibility, and safety could render them a promising therapy option in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (R.K.); (K.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren AL, Wu JY, Lee SY, Lim M. Translational Models in Glioma Immunotherapy Research. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:5704-5718. [PMID: 37366911 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30060428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic domain for the treatment of gliomas. However, clinical trials of various immunotherapeutic modalities have not yielded significant improvements in patient survival. Preclinical models for glioma research should faithfully represent clinically observed features regarding glioma behavior, mutational load, tumor interactions with stromal cells, and immunosuppressive mechanisms. In this review, we dive into the common preclinical models used in glioma immunology, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and highlight examples of their utilization in translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Ren
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Janet Y Wu
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Si Yeon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Recent Emerging Immunological Treatments for Primary Brain Tumors: Focus on Chemokine-Targeting Immunotherapies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060841. [PMID: 36980182 PMCID: PMC10046911 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary brain tumors are a leading cause of death worldwide and are characterized by extraordinary heterogeneity and high invasiveness. Current drug and radiotherapy therapies combined with surgical approaches tend to increase the five-year survival of affected patients, however, the overall mortality rate remains high, thus constituting a clinical challenge for which the discovery of new therapeutic strategies is needed. In this field, novel immunotherapy approaches, aimed at overcoming the complex immunosuppressive microenvironment, could represent a new method of treatment for central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Chemokines especially are a well-defined group of proteins that were so named due to their chemotactic properties of binding their receptors. Chemokines regulate the recruitment and/or tissue retention of immune cells as well as the mobilization of tumor cells that have undergone epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promoting tumor growth. On this basis, this review focuses on the function and involvement of chemokines and their receptors in primary brain tumors, specifically examining chemokine-targeting immunotherapies as one of the most promising strategies in neuro-oncology.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou W, Lovasz D, Zizzo Z, He Q, Coughlan C, Kowalski RG, Kennedy PGE, Graner AN, Lillehei KO, Ormond DR, Youssef AS, Graner MW, Yu X. Phenotype and Neuronal Cytotoxic Function of Glioblastoma Extracellular Vesicles. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112718. [PMID: 36359238 PMCID: PMC9688005 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal form of brain tumor. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by tumor cells play a critical role in cellular communication in the tumor microenvironment promoting tumor progression and invasion. We hypothesized that GBM EVs possess unique characteristics which exert effects on endogenous CNS cells including neurons, producing dose-dependent neuronal cytotoxicity. We purified EVs from the plasma of 20 GBM patients, 20 meningioma patients, and 21 healthy controls, and characterized EV phenotypes by electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, protein concentration, and proteomics. We evaluated GBM EV functions by determining their cytotoxicity in primary neurons and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. In addition, we determined levels of IgG antibodies in the plasma in GBM (n = 82), MMA (n = 83), and controls (non-tumor CNS disorders and healthy donors, n = 50) with capture ELISA. We discovered that GBM plasma EVs are smaller in size and had no relationship between size and concentration. Importantly, GBM EVs purified from both plasma and tumor cell lines produced IgG-mediated, complement-dependent apoptosis and necrosis in primary human neurons, mouse brain slices, and neuroblastoma cells. The unique phenotype of GBM EVs may contribute to its neuronal cytotoxicity, providing insight into its role in tumor pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Daniel Lovasz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Zoë Zizzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Qianbin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Christina Coughlan
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Robert G. Kowalski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Peter G. E. Kennedy
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Arin N. Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Kevin O. Lillehei
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - D. Ryan Ormond
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - A. Samy Youssef
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Michael W. Graner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
| | - Xiaoli Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (W.Z.); (D.L.); (Z.Z.); (Q.H.); (R.G.K.); (A.N.G.); (K.O.L.); (D.R.O.); (A.S.Y.); (M.W.G.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chatterjee A, Asija S, Yadav S, Purwar R, Goda JS. Clinical utility of CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors: Lessons learned from the past, current evidence and the future stakes. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:606-624. [PMID: 36191126 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2125963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented clinical success of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in hematological malignancies has led researchers to study its role in solid tumors. Although, its utility in solid tumors especially in neuroblastoma has begun to emerge, preclinical studies of its efficacy in other solid tumors like osteosarcomas or gliomas has caught the attention of oncologist to be tried in clinical trials. Malignant high-grade brain tumors like glioblastomas or midline gliomas in children represent some of the most difficult malignancies to be managed with conventionally available therapeutics, while relapsed gliomas continue to have the most dismal prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. Innovative therapies such as CAR T cells could give an additional leverage to the treating oncologists by potentially improving outcomes and ameliorating the toxicity of the currently available therapies. Moreover, CAR T cell therapy has the potential to be integrated into the therapeutic paradigm for aggressive gliomas in the near future. In this review we discuss the challenges in using CAR T cell therapy in brain tumors, enumerate the completed and ongoing clinical trials of different types of CAR T cell therapy for different brain tumors with special emphasis on glioblastoma and also discuss the future role of CAR T cells in Brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sweety Asija
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mamun AA, Uddin MS, Perveen A, Jha NK, Alghamdi BS, Jeandet P, Zhang HJ, Ashraf GM. Inflammation-targeted nanomedicine against brain cancer: From design strategies to future developments. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:101-116. [PMID: 36084815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis. While the immune system protects against cancer in the early stages, the tumor exploits the healing arm of inflammatory reactions to accelerate its growth and spread. Various immune cells penetrate the developing tumor region, establishing a pro-inflammatory tumor milieu. Additionally, tumor cells may release chemokines and cytokines to attract immune cells and promote cancer growth. Inflammation and its associated mechanisms in the progression of cancer have been extensively studied in the majority of solid tumors, especially brain tumors. However, treatment of the malignant brain cancer is hindered by several obstacles, such as the blood-brain barrier, transportation inside the brain interstitium, inflammatory mediators that promote tumor growth and invasiveness, complications in administering therapies to tumor cells specifically, the highly invasive nature of gliomas, and the resistance to drugs. To resolve these obstacles, nanomedicine could be a potential strategy that has facilitated advancements in diagnosing and treating brain cancer. Due to the numerous benefits provided by their small size and other features, nanoparticles have been a prominent focus of research in the drug-delivery field. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways in brain cancer as well as the recent advances in understanding the nano-carrier approaches for enhancing drug delivery to the brain in the treatment of brain cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, PO Box 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marei HE. Multimodal targeting of glioma with functionalized nanoparticles. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:265. [PMID: 35999629 PMCID: PMC9396820 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common and aggressive primitive intracranial tumor of the central nervous system is the glioma. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) has proven to be a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of glioma. To effectively treat glioma, different ways have been used to cross the BBB to deliver drugs to the brain. Drug delivery through nanocarriers proves to be an effective and non-invasive technique for the treatment of glioma and has great potential in the treatment of glioma. In this review, we will provide an overview of nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery and related glioma therapy. Nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery techniques to cross the BBB (liposomes, micelles, inorganic systems, polymeric nanoparticles, nanogel system, and biomimetic nanoparticles) are explored. Finally, the use of nanotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of glioblastoma including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, gene therapy, glioma genome editing, immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, immune checkpoint modulators, immune photothermal therapy, vaccine-based immunotherapy, and combination therapy is summarized. Furthermore, this article offers various views on the clinical applicability of nanomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35116, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Leone A, Colamaria A, Fochi NP, Sacco M, Landriscina M, Parbonetti G, de Notaris M, Coppola G, De Santis E, Giordano G, Carbone F. Recurrent Glioblastoma Treatment: State of the Art and Future Perspectives in the Precision Medicine Era. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081927. [PMID: 36009473 PMCID: PMC9405902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines for the management of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) are far from definitive, and the prognosis remains dismal. Despite recent advancements in the pharmacological and surgical fields, numerous doubts persist concerning the optimal strategy that clinicians should adopt for patients who fail the first lines of treatment and present signs of progressive disease. With most recurrences being located within the margins of the previously resected lesion, a comprehensive molecular and genetic profiling of rGBM revealed substantial differences compared with newly diagnosed disease. In the present comprehensive review, we sought to examine the current treatment guidelines and the new perspectives that polarize the field of neuro-oncology, strictly focusing on progressive disease. For this purpose, updated PRISMA guidelines were followed to search for pivotal studies and clinical trials published in the last five years. A total of 125 articles discussing locoregional management, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy strategies were included in our analysis, and salient findings were critically summarized. In addition, an in-depth description of the molecular profile of rGBM and its distinctive characteristics is provided. Finally, we integrate the above-mentioned evidence with the current guidelines published by international societies, including AANS/CNS, EANO, AIOM, and NCCN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Leone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Pio Fochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Sacco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Riuniti Hospital, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Matteo de Notaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Rummo” Hospital, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Giulia Coppola
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical Histological Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical
Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical
Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adhikari AS, Macauley J, Johnson Y, Connolly M, Coleman T, Heiland T. Development and Characterization of an HCMV Multi-Antigen Therapeutic Vaccine for Glioblastoma Using the UNITE Platform. Front Oncol 2022; 12:850546. [PMID: 35651802 PMCID: PMC9149224 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.850546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer with a median survival of 15 months that has remained unchanged despite advances in the standard of care. GBM cells express human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins, providing a unique opportunity for targeted therapy. We utilized our UNITE (UNiversal Intracellular Targeted Expression) platform to develop a multi-antigen DNA vaccine (ITI-1001) that codes for the HCMV proteins pp65, gB, and IE-1. The UNITE platform involves lysosomal targeting technology, fusing lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) with target ntigens. We demonstrate evidence of increased antigen presentation by both MHC-I and -II, delivering a robust antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell response in addition to a strong humoral response. Using a syngeneic orthotopic GBM mouse model, therapeutic treatment with the ITI-1001 vaccine resulted in ~56% survival of tumor-bearing mice. Investigation of the tumor microenvironment showed significant CD4 infiltration as well as enhanced Th1 and cytotoxic CD8 T activation. Regulatory T cells were also upregulated after ITI-1001 vaccination. In addition, tumor burden negatively correlated with activated interferon (IFN)γ+ CD4 T cells, reiterating the importance of CD4 activation in ITI-1001 efficacy and in identifying treatment responders and non-responders. Further characterization of these two groups showed high infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in responders compared to non-responders. Thus, we show that vaccination with HCMV antigens using the ITI-1001-UNITE platform generates strong cellular and humoral immune responses, triggering significant antitumor activity, leading to enhanced survival in a mouse model of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mike Connolly
- Immunomic Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Teri Heiland
- Immunomic Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Niedbała M, Malarz K, Sharma G, Kramer-Marek G, Kaspera W. Glioblastoma: Pitfalls and Opportunities of Immunotherapeutic Combinations. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:437-468. [PMID: 35509452 PMCID: PMC9060812 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s215997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary central nervous system tumour in adults. It has extremely poor prognosis since the current standard of care, comprising of gross total resection and temozolomide (TMZ) chemoradiotherapy, prolongs survival, but does not provide a durable response. To a certain extent, this is due to GBM's heterogeneous, hostile and cold tumour microenvironment (TME) and the unique ability of GBM to overcome the host's immune responses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more effective therapeutic approaches. This review provides critical insights from completed and ongoing clinical studies investigating novel immunotherapy strategies for GBM patients, ranging from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in different settings of GBM treatment to novel combinatorial therapies. In particular, we discuss how treatment regimens based on single antigen peptide vaccines evolved into fully personalised, polyvalent cell-based vaccines, CAR-T cell, and viral or gene therapies. Furthermore, the results of the most influential clinical trials and a selection of innovative preclinical studies aimed at activating the immunologically cold GBM microenvironment are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Niedbała
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia in Katowice, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Gitanjali Sharma
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Wojciech Kaspera
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Silesia, Regional Hospital, Sosnowiec, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hirota K, Ooka M, Shimizu N, Yamada K, Tsuda M, Ibrahim MA, Yamada S, Sasanuma H, Masutani M, Takeda S. XRCC1 counteracts PARP poisons, Olaparib and Talazoparib, and a clinical alkylating agent, Temozolomide, by promoting the removal of trapped PARP1 from broken DNA. Genes Cells 2022; 27:331-344. [PMID: 35194903 PMCID: PMC9310723 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) removes damaged bases by generating single‐strand breaks (SSBs), gap‐filling by DNA polymerase β (POLβ), and resealing SSBs. A base‐damaging agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) is widely used to study BER. BER increases cellular tolerance to MMS, anti‐cancer base‐damaging drugs, temozolomide, carmustine, and lomustine, and to clinical poly(ADP ribose)polymerase (PARP) poisons, olaparib and talazoparib. The poisons stabilize PARP1/SSB complexes, inhibiting access of BER factors to SSBs. PARP1 and XRCC1 collaboratively promote SSB resealing by recruiting POLβ to SSBs, but XRCC1−/− cells are much more sensitive to MMS than PARP1−/− cells. We recently report that the PARP1 loss in XRCC1−/− cells restores their MMS tolerance and conclude that XPCC1 facilitates the release of PARP1 from SSBs by maintaining its autoPARylation. We here show that the PARP1 loss in XRCC1−/− cells also restores their tolerance to the three anti‐cancer base‐damaging drugs, although they and MMS induce different sets of base damage. We reveal the synthetic lethality of the XRCC1−/− mutation, but not POLβ−/−, with olaparib and talazoparib, indicating that XRCC1 is a unique BER factor in suppressing toxic PARP1/SSB complex and can suppress even when PARP1 catalysis is inhibited. In conclusion, XRCC1 suppresses the PARP1/SSB complex via PARP1 catalysis‐dependent and independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Hirota
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate school of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji- shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Ooka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate school of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Osawa, Hachioji- shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kousei Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuda
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mahmoud Abdelghany Ibrahim
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Masutani
- Department of Molecular and Genomic Biomedicine, CBMM, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takeda
- Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ogando-Rivas E, Castillo P, Jones N, Trivedi V, Drake J, Dechkovskaia A, Candelario KM, Yang C, Mitchell DA. Effects of immune checkpoint blockade on antigen-specific CD8+ T cells for use in adoptive cellular therapy. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:201-211. [PMID: 35150167 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive T cell therapies have been successfully used as prophylaxis or treatment for immunocompromised patients at risk of viral infections or advanced cancers. Unfortunately, for some refractory cancers, they have failed. To overcome this, checkpoint inhibitors have shown to rescue immune anti-tumor responses. We hypothesized that in-vitro checkpoint blockade during T-cell stimulation and expansion with mRNA-pulsed dendritic cells may enhance the activity of antigen-specific T-cells and improve the efficacy of ACT platforms. METHODS Human PBMCs were isolated from CMV-seropositive donors to generate DCs. These were pulsed with CMVpp65-mRNA to educate T-cells in co-culture for 15-days. Three checkpoint blockade conditions were evaluated (anti-PD1, anti-Tim3 and anti-PD1+Tim3). IL-2 and antibodies blockades were added every 3 days. Immunophenotyping was performed on Day-0 and Day-15. Polyfunctional antigen-specific responses were evaluated upon rechallenge with CMVpp65 peptides. RESULTS CMVpp65 activated CD8+ T cells upregulate Lag3 and Tim3 (p= <0.0001). Tim3 antibody blockade alone or in combination led to a significant upregulation of Lag3 expression on CD8+pp65Tetramer+ central memory, effector memory, and TEMRA T-cells. This latter T-cell subset uniquely maintain double-positive Tim3/Lag3 expression after checkpoint blockade. In contrast, PD1 blockade had minimal effects on Tim3 or Lag3 expression. In addition, IFN-g secretion was reduced in T-cells treated with Tim3 blockade in a dose-dependent manner (p=0.004). CONCLUSION In this study, we have identified a potential activating component of Tim3 and linkage between Tim3 and Lag3 signaling upon blocking Tim3 axis during T cell/antigen presenting cell interactions that should be considered when targeting immune checkpoints for clinical use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ogando-Rivas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Paul Castillo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Noah Jones
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vrunda Trivedi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeffrey Drake
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Anjelika Dechkovskaia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kate M Candelario
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Changlin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Widodo SS, Dinevska M, Furst LM, Stylli SS, Mantamadiotis T. IL-10 in glioma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1466-1476. [PMID: 34349251 PMCID: PMC8609023 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and malignant type of primary brain tumour, is very poor, despite current standard treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment hinders the development of effective immunotherapies for GBM. Cytokines such as interleukin-10 (IL-10) play a major role in modulating the activity of infiltrating immune cells and tumour cells in GBM, predominantly conferring an immunosuppressive action; however, in some circumstances, IL-10 can have an immunostimulatory effect. Elucidating the function of IL-10 in GBM is necessary to better strategise and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review discusses the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive roles of IL-10 in the GBM tumour microenvironment while considering IL-10-targeted treatment strategies. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the expression of IL-10 in various cell types are also outlined, and how this resulting information might provide an avenue for the improvement of immunotherapy in GBM is explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Widodo
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Marija Dinevska
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Liam M. Furst
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Stanley S. Stylli
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Theo Mantamadiotis
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.418025.a0000 0004 0606 5526Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Evidence of a dual mechanism of action underlying the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of ammonium-alkyloxy-stilbene-based α7- and α9-nicotinic ligands on glioblastoma cells. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105959. [PMID: 34756924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs), the most frequent brain tumours, are highly invasive and their prognosis is still poor despite the use of combination treatment. MG624 is a 4-oxystilbene derivative that is active on α7- and α9-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Hybridisation of MG624 with a non-nicotinic resveratrol-derived pro-oxidant mitocan has led to two novel compounds (StN-4 and StN-8) that are more potent than MG624 in reducing the viability of GBM cells, but less potent in reducing the viability of mouse astrocytes. Functional analysis of their activity on α7 receptors showed that StN-4 is a silent agonist, whereas StN-8 is a full antagonist, and neither alters intracellular [Ca2+] levels when acutely applied to U87MG cells. After 72 h of exposure, both compounds decreased U87MG cell proliferation, and pAKT and oxphos ATP levels, but only StN-4 led to a significant accumulation of cells in phase G1/G0 and increased apoptosis. One hour of exposure to either compound also decreased the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic ATP production of U87MG cells, and this was not paralleled by any increase in the production of reactive oxygen species. Knocking down the α9 subunit (which is expressed at relatively high levels in U87MG cells) decreased the potency of the effects of both compounds on cell viability, but cell proliferation, ATP production, pAKT levels were unaffected by the presence of the noncell-permeable α7/α9-selective antagonist αBungarotoxin. These last findings suggest that the anti-tumoral effects of StN-4 and StN-8 on GBM cells are not only due to their action on nAChRs, but also to other non-nicotinic mechanisms.
Collapse
|
18
|
Song J, Zhang H, Wang D, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Hu Y, Xu Q, Xie C, Lu W, Liu M. Hydrogel loading functionalized PAMAM/shRNA complex for postsurgical glioblastoma treatment. J Control Release 2021; 338:583-592. [PMID: 34481020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, readily relapses after surgery. Based on the CD47-SIRPα axis, we designed and implanted a thermo-sensitive hydrogel loaded with a gene complex into the postoperative cavity to inhibit the immune escape of residual tumor cells after surgery. A novel non-viral vector, G5-BGG, was synthesized and formed into a gene complex with shRNA plasmid. Our results showed that the G5-BGG/shRNA871 complex downregulated CD47 protein expression, leading to enhanced phagocytosis of U87MG cells by marrow-derived macrophages. G5-BGG/pDNA complex was loaded into a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA) hydrogel. Studies confirmed that the G5-BGG/pDNA complex remained integrated in the hydrogel and was sustainably released for up to 7 days. In an in vivo orthotopic U87MG postoperative tumor model, G5-BGG/shRNA871-loaded hydrogel combined with temozolomide downregulated CD47 protein expression, increased macrophage infiltration into residual tumors, and significantly prolonged the survival time of mice, indicating potential applications for glioblastoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Dongli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianfen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Qianzhu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Cao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu H, Liu J, Wang Z, Yuan W, Chen L. Prospects of antibodies targeting CD47 or CD24 in the treatment of glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:1105-1117. [PMID: 34363319 PMCID: PMC8446212 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence among all brain tumors (about 46% of intracranial tumors) and is the most common primary intracranial tumor. Among them, glioblastoma (GBM) is highly malignant and is one of the three refractory tumors with the highest mortality rate in the world. The survival time from glioblastoma diagnosis to death is only 14–16 months for patients with standard treatment such as surgery plus radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to its high malignancy and poor prognosis, in‐depth studies have been conducted to explore effective therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma. In addition to the conventional surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the glioblastoma treatments also include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and electric field treatment. However, current treatment methods provide limited benefits because of the heterogeneity of glioblastoma and the complexity of the immune microenvironment within a tumor. Therefore, seeking an effective treatment plan is imperative. In particular, developing an active immunotherapy for glioblastoma has become an essential objective in the field. This article reviews the feasibility of CD47/CD24 antibody treatment, either individually or in combination, to target the tumor stem cells and the antitumor immunity in glioblastoma. The potential mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of CD47/CD24 antibodies are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Chinese PLA Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maggs L, Cattaneo G, Dal AE, Moghaddam AS, Ferrone S. CAR T Cell-Based Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:662064. [PMID: 34113233 PMCID: PMC8185049 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.662064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Current treatment options typically consist of surgery followed by chemotherapy or more frequently radiotherapy, however, median patient survival remains at just over 1 year. Therefore, the need for novel curative therapies for GBM is vital. Characterization of GBM cells has contributed to identify several molecules as targets for immunotherapy-based treatments such as EGFR/EGFRvIII, IL13Rα2, B7-H3, and CSPG4. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes collected from a patient can be genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for an identified tumor antigen (TA). These CAR T cells can then be re-administered to the patient to identify and eliminate cancer cells. The impressive clinical responses to TA-specific CAR T cell-based therapies in patients with hematological malignancies have generated a lot of interest in the application of this strategy with solid tumors including GBM. Several clinical trials are evaluating TA-specific CAR T cells to treat GBM. Unfortunately, the efficacy of CAR T cells against solid tumors has been limited due to several factors. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, inadequate trafficking and infiltration of CAR T cells and their lack of persistence and activity. In particular, GBM has specific limitations to overcome including acquired resistance to therapy, limited diffusion across the blood brain barrier and risks of central nervous system toxicity. Here we review current CAR T cell-based approaches for the treatment of GBM and summarize the mechanisms being explored in pre-clinical, as well as clinical studies to improve their anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Maggs
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Soldano Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paolillo M, Comincini S, Schinelli S. In Vitro Glioblastoma Models: A Journey into the Third Dimension. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102449. [PMID: 34070023 PMCID: PMC8157833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, the thorny issue of glioblastoma models is addressed, with a focus on 3D in vitro models. In the first part of the manuscript, glioblastoma features and classification are recapitulated, in order to highlight the major critical aspects that should be taken into account when choosing a glioblastoma 3D model. In the second part of the review, the 3D models described in the literature are critically discussed, considering the advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility for each experimental model, in the light of the potential issues that researchers want to address. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, with an average survival time of about one year from initial diagnosis. In the attempt to overcome the complexity and drawbacks associated with in vivo GBM models, together with the need of developing systems dedicated to screen new potential drugs, considerable efforts have been devoted to the implementation of reliable and affordable in vitro GBM models. Recent findings on GBM molecular features, revealing a high heterogeneity between GBM cells and also between other non-tumor cells belonging to the tumoral niche, have stressed the limitations of the classical 2D cell culture systems. Recently, several novel and innovative 3D cell cultures models for GBM have been proposed and implemented. In this review, we first describe the different populations and their functional role of GBM and niche non-tumor cells that could be used in 3D models. An overview of the current available 3D in vitro systems for modeling GBM, together with their major weaknesses and strengths, is presented. Lastly, we discuss the impact of groundbreaking technologies, such as bioprinting and multi-omics single cell analysis, on the future implementation of 3D in vitro GBM models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Schinelli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yeini E, Ofek P, Pozzi S, Albeck N, Ben-Shushan D, Tiram G, Golan S, Kleiner R, Sheinin R, Israeli Dangoor S, Reich-Zeliger S, Grossman R, Ram Z, Brem H, Hyde TM, Magod P, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Madi A, Satchi-Fainaro R. P-selectin axis plays a key role in microglia immunophenotype and glioblastoma progression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1912. [PMID: 33771989 PMCID: PMC7997963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a highly invasive type of brain cancer exhibiting poor prognosis. As such, its microenvironment plays a crucial role in its progression. Among the brain stromal cells, the microglia were shown to facilitate GB invasion and immunosuppression. However, the reciprocal mechanisms by which GB cells alter microglia/macrophages behavior are not fully understood. We propose that these mechanisms involve adhesion molecules such as the Selectins family. These proteins are involved in immune modulation and cancer immunity. We show that P-selectin mediates microglia-enhanced GB proliferation and invasion by altering microglia/macrophages activation state. We demonstrate these findings by pharmacological and molecular inhibition of P-selectin which leads to reduced tumor growth and increased survival in GB mouse models. Our work sheds light on tumor-associated microglia/macrophage function and the mechanisms by which GB cells suppress the immune system and invade the brain, paving the way to exploit P-selectin as a target for GB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nitzan Albeck
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dikla Ben-Shushan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sapir Golan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Sheinin
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sahar Israeli Dangoor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Prerna Magod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sherman Building, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Sherman Building, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asaf Madi
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang B, Li X, Li Y, Zhang J, Zong Z, Zhang H. Current Immunotherapies for Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603911. [PMID: 33767690 PMCID: PMC7986847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor found in the central nervous system. Currently, standard treatments in the clinic include maximal safe surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy and are mostly limited by low therapeutic efficiency correlated with poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, which predominantly focuses on peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy, have achieved some promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials. The future of immune therapy for GBM requires an integrated effort with rational combinations of vaccine therapy, cell therapy, and radio- and chemotherapy as well as molecule therapy targeting the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhitao Zong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wielgat P, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Czarnomysy R, Rogowski K, Bielawski K, Car H. The Paired Siglecs in Brain Tumours Therapy: The Immunomodulatory Effect of Dexamethasone and Temozolomide in Human Glioma In Vitro Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041791. [PMID: 33670244 PMCID: PMC7916943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paired sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin like lectins (Siglecs) are characterized by similar cellular distribution and ligand recognition but opposing signalling functions attributed to different intracellular sequences. Since sialic acid—Siglec axis are known to control immune homeostasis, the imbalance between activatory and inhibitory mechanisms of glycan-dependent immune control is considered to promote pathology. The role of sialylation in cancer is described, however, its importance in immune regulation in gliomas is not fully understood. The experimental and clinical observation suggest that dexamethasone (Dex) and temozolomide (TMZ), used in the glioma management, alter the immunity within the tumour microenvironment. Using glioma-microglia/monocytes transwell co-cultures, we investigated modulatory action of Dex/TMZ on paired Siglecs. Based on real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we found changes in SIGLEC genes and their products. These effects were accompanied by altered cytokine profile and immune cells phenotype switching measured by arginases expression. Additionally, the exposure to Dex or TMZ increased the binding of inhibitory Siglec-5 and Siglec-11 fusion proteins to glioma cells. Our study suggests that the therapy-induced modulation of the interplay between sialoglycans and paired Siglecs, dependently on patient’s phenotype, is of particular signification in the immune surveillance in the glioma management and may be useful in glioma patient’s therapy plan verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | | | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Xu Y, Luo Y, Deng Y, Zhang J, Shao A. Immuno-oncology: are TAM receptors in glioblastoma friends or foes? Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:11. [PMID: 33509214 PMCID: PMC7841914 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM) receptors are a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases. TAM receptors have been implicated in mediating efferocytosis, regulation of immune cells, secretion of inflammatory factors, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the tumor microenvironment, thereby serving as a critical player in tumor development and progression. The pro-carcinogenic role of TAM receptors has been widely confirmed, overexpression of TAM receptors is tied to tumor cells growth, metastasis, invasion and treatment resistance. Nonetheless, it is surprising to detect that inhibiting TAM signaling is not all beneficial in the tumor immune microenvironment. The absence of TAM receptors also affects anti-tumor immunity under certain conditions by modulating different immune cells, as the functional diversification of TAM signaling is closely related to tumor immunotherapy. Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Although research regarding the crosstalk between TAM receptors and glioblastoma remains scarce, it appears likely that TAM receptors possess potential anti-tumor effects rather than portraying a total cancer-driving role in the context of glioblastoma. Accordingly, we doubt whether TAM receptors play a double-sided role in glioblastoma, and propose the Janus-faced TAM Hypothesis as a conceptual framework for comprehending the precise underlying mechanisms of TAMs. In this study, we aim to cast a spotlight on the potential multidirectional effects of TAM receptors in glioblastoma and provide a better understanding for TAM receptor-related targeted intervention. Video Abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hailong Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211126, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Changxing Branch), Changxing, Huzhou, 313100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongchuan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Angelova A, Ferreira T, Bretscher C, Rommelaere J, Marchini A. Parvovirus-Based Combinatorial Immunotherapy: A Reinforced Therapeutic Strategy against Poor-Prognosis Solid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:342. [PMID: 33477757 PMCID: PMC7832409 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer treatments poses continuing challenges to oncology researchers and clinicians. The underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. However, the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently emerged as one of the critical players in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, TME modulation through induction of an immunological switch towards inflammation ("warming up") is among the leading approaches in modern oncology. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are seen today not merely as tumor cell-killing (oncolytic) agents, but also as cancer therapeutics with multimodal antitumor action. Due to their intrinsic or engineered capacity for overcoming immune escape mechanisms, warming up the TME and promoting antitumor immune responses, OVs hold the potential for creating a proinflammatory background, which may in turn facilitate the action of other (immunomodulating) drugs. The latter provides the basis for the development of OV-based immunostimulatory anticancer combinations. This review deals with the smallest among all OVs, the H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV), and focuses on H-1PV-based combinatorial approaches, whose efficiency has been proven in preclinical and/or clinical settings. Special focus is given to cancer types with the most devastating impact on life expectancy that urgently call for novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assia Angelova
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Antonio Marchini
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.); (A.M.)
- Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Laboratory of Oncolytic-Virus-Immunotherapeutics (LOVIT), 84 rue Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lombardo SD, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Basile MS, Pennisi M, Bella R, Mangano K, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F, Fagone P. Profiling of inhibitory immune checkpoints in glioblastoma: Potential pathogenetic players. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:332. [PMID: 33123243 PMCID: PMC7583708 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most frequent glial tumor, with almost 3 new cases per 100,000 people per year. Despite treatment, the prognosis for GBM patients remains extremely poor, with a median survival of 14.6 months, and a 5-year survival less than 5%. It is generally believed that GBM creates a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, sustained by the expression of immune-regulatory factors, including inhibitory immune checkpoints, on both infiltrating cells and tumor cells. However, the trials assessing the efficacy of current immune checkpoint inhibitors in GBM are still disappointing. In the present study, the expression levels of several inhibitory immune checkpoints in GBM (CD276, VTCN1, CD47, PVR, TNFRSF14, CD200, LGALS9, NECTIN2 and CD48) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential as prognostic and eventually, therapeutic targets. Among the investigated immune checkpoints, TNFRSF14 and NECTIN2 were identified as the most promising targets in GBM. In particular, a higher TNFRSF14 expression was associated with worse overall survival and disease-free survival, and with a lower Th1 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvo Danilo Lombardo
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rosella Ciurleo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, I-98124 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Pennisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Bella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li M, Kirtane AR, Kiyokawa J, Nagashima H, Lopes A, Tirmizi ZA, Lee CK, Traverso G, Cahill DP, Wakimoto H. Local Targeting of NAD + Salvage Pathway Alters the Immune Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5024-5034. [PMID: 32998997 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aggressive primary brain tumor glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by aberrant metabolism that fuels its malignant phenotype. Diverse genetic subtypes of malignant glioma are sensitive to selective inhibition of the NAD+ salvage pathway enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). However, the potential impact of NAD+ depletion on the brain tumor microenvironment has not been elaborated. In addition, systemic toxicity of NAMPT inhibition remains a significant concern. Here we show that microparticle-mediated intratumoral delivery of NAMPT inhibitor GMX1778 induces specific immunologic changes in the tumor microenvironment of murine GBM, characterized by upregulation of immune checkpoint PD-L1, recruitment of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and reduction of M2-polarized immunosuppressive macrophages. NAD+ depletion and autophagy induced by NAMPT inhibitors mediated the upregulation of PD-L1 transcripts and cell surface protein levels in GBM cells. NAMPT inhibitor modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment was therefore combined with PD-1 checkpoint blockade in vivo, significantly increasing the survival of GBM-bearing animals. Thus, the therapeutic impacts of NAMPT inhibition extended beyond neoplastic cells, shaping surrounding immune effectors. Microparticle delivery and release of NAMPT inhibitor at the tumor site offers a safe and robust means to alter an immune tumor microenvironment that could potentiate checkpoint immunotherapy for glioblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Microparticle-mediated local inhibition of NAMPT modulates the tumor immune microenvironment and acts cooperatively with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade, offering a combination immunotherapy strategy for the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Juri Kiyokawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hiroaki Nagashima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zain A Tirmizi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Šamec N, Zottel A, Videtič Paska A, Jovčevska I. Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy: A Step Further towards Precision Medicine for Glioblastoma. Molecules 2020; 25:E490. [PMID: 31979318 PMCID: PMC7038132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the advancement of technology combined with our deeper knowledge of human nature and diseases, we are able to move towards precision medicine, where patients are treated at the individual level in concordance with their genetic profiles. Lately, the integration of nanoparticles in biotechnology and their applications in medicine has allowed us to diagnose and treat disease better and more precisely. As a model disease, we used a grade IV malignant brain tumor (glioblastoma). Significant improvements in diagnosis were achieved with the application of fluorescent nanoparticles for intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing for improved tumor cell visibility and increasing the extent of the surgical resection, leading to better patient response. Fluorescent probes can be engineered to be activated through different molecular pathways, which will open the path to individualized glioblastoma diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Nanoparticles are also extensively studied as nanovehicles for targeted delivery and more controlled medication release, and some nanomedicines are already in early phases of clinical trials. Moreover, sampling biological fluids will give new insights into glioblastoma pathogenesis due to the presence of extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, and circulating tumor DNA. As current glioblastoma therapy does not provide good quality of life for patients, other approaches such as immunotherapy are explored. To conclude, we reason that development of personalized therapies based on a patient's genetic signature combined with pharmacogenomics and immunogenomic information will significantly change the outcome of glioblastoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alja Videtič Paska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Š.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (N.Š.); (A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Exploring anticancer activity of structurally modified benzylphenoxyacetamide (BPA); I: Synthesis strategies and computational analyses of substituted BPA variants with high anti-glioblastoma potential. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17021. [PMID: 31745126 PMCID: PMC6864087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural variations of the benzylphenoxyacetamide (BPA) molecular skeleton were explored as a viable starting point for designing new anti-glioblastoma drug candidates. Hand-to-hand computational evaluation, chemical modifications, and cell viability testing were performed to explore the importance of some of the structural properties in order to generate, retain, and improve desired anti-glioblastoma characteristics. It was demonstrated that several structural features are required to retain the anti-glioblastoma activity, including a carbonyl group of the benzophenone moiety, as well as 4′-chloro and 2,2-dimethy substituents. In addition, the structure of the amide moiety can be modified in such a way that desirable anti-glioblastoma and physical properties can be improved. Via these structural modifications, more than 50 compounds were prepared and tested for anti-glioblastoma activity. Four compounds were identified (HR28, HR32, HR37, and HR46) that in addition to HR40 (PP1) from our previous study, have been determined to have desirable physical and biological properties. These include high glioblastoma cytotoxicity at low μM concentrations, improved water solubility, and the ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB), which indicate a potential for becoming a new class of anti-glioblastoma drugs.
Collapse
|