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Peluzo BMTC, Moura RT, Kraka E. Extraction of uranyl from spent nuclear fuel wastewater via complexation-a local vibrational mode study. J Mol Model 2024; 30:216. [PMID: 38888814 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The efficient extraction of uranyl from spent nuclear fuel wastewater for subsequent reprocessing and reuse is an essential effort toward minimization of long-lived radioactive waste. N-substituted amides and Schiff base ligands are propitious candidates, where extraction occurs via complexation with the uranyl moiety. In this study, we extensively probed chemical bonding in various uranyl complexes, utilizing the local vibrational modes theory alongside QTAIM and NBO analyses. We focused on (i) the assessment of the equatorial O-U and N-U bonding, including the question of chelation, and (ii) how the strength of the axial U = O bonds of the uranyl moiety changes upon complexation. Our results reveal that the strength of the equatorial uranium-ligand interactions correlates with their covalent character and with charge donation from O and N lone pairs into the vacant uranium orbitals. We also found an inverse relationship between the covalent character of the equatorial ligand bonds and the strength of the axial uranium-oxygen bond. In summary, our study provides valuable data for a strategic modulation of N-substituted amide and Schiff base ligands towards the maximization of uranyl extraction. METHOD Quantum chemistry calculations were performed under the PBE0 level of theory, paired with the relativistic NESCau Hamiltonian, currently implemented in Cologne2020 (interfaced with Gaussian16). Wave functions were expanded in the cc-pwCVTZ-X2C basis set for uranium and Dunning's cc-pVTZ for the remaining atoms. For the bonding properties, we utilized the package LModeA in the local modes analyses, AIMALL in the QTAIM calculations, and NBO 7.0 for the NBO analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara M T C Peluzo
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75275-0314, USA
| | - Renaldo T Moura
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75275-0314, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, 58397-000, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX, 75275-0314, USA.
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Xhuti D, Rebalka IA, Minhas M, May L, Murphy K, Nederveen JP, Tarnopolsky MA. The Acute Effect of Multi-Ingredient Antioxidant Supplementation following Ionizing Radiation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010207. [PMID: 36615864 PMCID: PMC9823556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure is an undeniable health threat encountered in various occupations and procedures. High energy waves in ionizing radiation cause DNA damage and induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which further exacerbate DNA, protein, and lipid damage, increasing risk of mutations. Although endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase have evolved to upregulate and neutralize ROS, exogenous dietary antioxidants also have the potential to combat ionizing radiation (IR)-induced ROS production. We evaluated a cocktail of ingredients (AOX) purported to have antioxidant and mitochondrial protective properties on the acute effects of IR. We show that IR stimulates DNA damage through phosphorylation of DNA repair proteins in the heart, brain, and liver of mice. AOX showed partial protection in brain and liver, through a lack of significant activation in given repair proteins. In addition, AOX attenuated the IR-induced increase in NF-kβ mRNA and protein expression in brain and liver. Lastly, cytochrome c oxidase complex transcripts were significantly higher in heart and brain following radiation, which was also diminished by prior ingestion of AOX. Together, our findings suggest that a multi-ingredient AOX supplement may attenuate the IR-induced cellular damage response and represents a feasible and cost-effective preventative supplement for at-risk populations of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Xhuti
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Irena A. Rebalka
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mahek Minhas
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Linda May
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kieran Murphy
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2C5, Canada
- Cora Therapeutics, Toronto, ON M5K 1N2, Canada
| | - Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-521-2100 (ext. 76593); Fax: +1-905-577-8380
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Ochiai K, Oka T, Kato N, Kondo Y, Otomo Y, Swienton RE. Differences in the Awareness and Knowledge of Radiological and Nuclear Events Among Medical Workers in Japan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:808148. [PMID: 35433584 PMCID: PMC9006773 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.808148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research revealed a lack of comfort and knowledge regarding nuclear and radiological events among medical staff. We investigated the awareness and knowledge of radiological and nuclear events among the Japanese medical staff by comparing differences by occupation (doctors, nurses, and other medical specialists). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey among trainees undergoing Japanese disaster medical training courses between July 2014 and February 2016. The differences by occupation were evaluated for all questions on awareness and knowledge concerning disasters or radiological and nuclear events and demographics. Results Among the occupations, there were significant differences in the willingness to work onsite based on the types of disaster, familiarity with the national disaster medical response system, the accuracy rate of some knowledge about medical practice and the risk, and demographic characteristics such as practical experience and educational degree. The accuracy rates of responses to some questions on knowledge were very low in all occupations. Conclusion There were significant differences in awareness and knowledge of radiological and nuclear events by occupation. We believe that the results can be used to develop and modify the content of training courses on radiological and nuclear events to make such courses beneficial for each healthcare worker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Ochiai
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomo Oka
- Emergency Medical Center, Fujisawa City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nagisa Kato
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kondo
- Department of Emergency, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Otomo
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raymond E Swienton
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Majewski M, Ostheim P, Gluzman-Poltorak Z, Vainstein V, Basile L, Schüle S, Haimerl M, Stroszczynski C, Port M, Abend M. Gene expression changes in male and female rhesus macaque 60 days after irradiation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254344. [PMID: 34288924 PMCID: PMC8294544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Transcriptome changes can be expected in survivors after lethal irradiation. We aimed to characterize these in males and females and after different cytokine treatments 60 days after irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male and female rhesus macaques (n = 142) received a whole-body exposure with 700 cGy, from which 60 animals survived. Peripheral whole blood was drawn pre-exposure and before sacrificing the surviving animals after 60 days. RESULTS We evaluated gene expression in a three-phase study design. Phase I was a whole-genome screening (NGS) for mRNAs using five pre- and post-exposure RNA samples from both sexes (n = 20). Differential gene expression (DGE) was calculated between samples of survivors and pre-exposure samples (reference), separately for males and females. 1,243 up- and down-regulated genes were identified with 30-50% more deregulated genes in females. 37 candidate mRNAs were chosen for qRT-PCR validation in phase II using the remaining samples (n = 117). Altogether 17 genes showed (borderline) significant (t-test) DGE in groups of untreated or treated animals. Nine genes (CD248, EDAR, FAM19A5, GAL3ST4, GCNT4, HBG2/1, LRRN1, NOG, SYT14) remained with significant changes and were detected in at least 50% of samples per group. Panther analysis revealed an overlap between both sexes, related to the WNT signaling pathway, cell adhesion and immunological functions. For phase III, we validated the nine genes with candidate genes (n = 32) from an earlier conducted study on male baboons. Altogether 14 out of 41 genes showed a concordantly DGE across both species in a bilateral comparison. CONCLUSIONS Sixty days after radiation exposure, we identified (1) sex and cytokine treatment independent transcriptional changes, (2) females with almost twice as much deregulated genes appeared more radio-responsive than males, (3) Panther analysis revealed an association with immunological processes and WNT pathway for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthäus Majewski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Urology, Bundeswehr Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zoya Gluzman-Poltorak
- Neumedicines Inc, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Applied Stem Cell Therapeutics, Milpitas, CA, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Vainstein
- Neumedicines Inc, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lena Basile
- Neumedicines Inc, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Haimerl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Loganovsky K, Marazziti D. Mental Health and Neuropsychiatric Aftermath 35 Years After the Chernobyl Catastrophe: Current State and Future Perspectives. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2021; 18:101-106. [PMID: 34909025 PMCID: PMC8629042 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) disaster that happened in Ukraine on the 26th of April 1986 still represents the most severe nuclear accident in human history. Its consequences, especially those involving mental health are increasingly emerging as long-term detrimental effects. Therefore, the aim of the present paper was to review the results of some of authors' studies and their personal reflections on this topic. METHOD The authors selected and commented on the findings mainly derived from their contributions on the prevalence of long-term psychopathological symptoms and neuropsychiatric disorders in diferent groups of exposed and non exposed individuals, including the workers at the NPP the so-called liquidators (CUWs), the most exposed group, evacuees and people living in more or less contaminated areas. RESULTS The main findings derived from a series of studies carried out by the authors throughout the following decades after the disaster indicate the high prevalence of cerebrovascular diseases, organic mental and depressive disorders, cognitive impairment and even dementia that increase with the irradiation dose mainly amongst the liquidators. The organic disorders are probably related to a peculiar effect of radiation on left, dominant brain hemisphere. Interestingly, recent studies revealed abnormalities of the serotonin transporter and other genes disorders possibly at the basis of depression of exposed individuals. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of neuropsychiatric disorders amongst irradiated subjects following the ChNPP disaster highlights the impact of radiation exposure on the lifelong onset of neuropsychiatric disorders, for too long neglected by international agencies. Such findings require to be deepened in the future possibly within the frame of the so-called "ecological psychiatry".
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Loganovsky
- Department of Radiation Psychoneurology, Institute for Clinical Radiology, State Institution “National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Unicamillus Saint Camillus International University of Medical Sciences, Rome
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Burtt JJ, Rickard M, McAllister A, Bergman L, Zablotska LB. Projecting thyroid cancer risk to the general public from radiation exposure following hypothetical severe nuclear accidents in Canada. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:1091-1110. [PMID: 32663817 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aba5a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A robust emergency management framework can limit radiation exposures and effectively minimize the potentially devastating consequences of a nuclear emergency. We projected thyroid cancer risk resulting from two hypothetical severe nuclear accidents occurring at the Darlington nuclear power plant (NPP) located in Ontario, Canada. METHODS Single- and multi-unit accidents were considered. A dose assessment was previously performed using the MELCOR Accident Consequences Code System. The generic criteria used to select the appropriate protective actions are described in the Ontario Provincial Nuclear Emergency Response Plan (PNERP). We hypothesized protection actions only within the 10 kilometre (km) radius of the NPP given the time sensitivity of iodine thyroid blocking. The excess risk of developing thyroid cancer was projected using the US National Cancer Institute's radiation risk assessment tool RadRAT. RESULTS We projected zero dose, and subsequently zero risk of developing thyroid cancer for people living within 10 km of the NPP, due to effective implementation of selected protective actions. Based on centreline doses, at the 12 km radius, excess childhood thyroid cancer risks of approximately 600% and 130% compared to the baseline were projected for the single- and multi-unit scenarios, respectively. The risk of developing thyroid cancer was projected to be low for adults for both scenarios. DISCUSSION The results of this modelling study provide insights into the effectiveness of protective actions in reducing radiation-related thyroid cancer risk when considering hypothetical severe nuclear accidents. Implementation of select protective actions protects the population living near the Darlington NPP. The projected increase of developing thyroid cancer for children living beyond 10 km could potentially be eliminated with additional mitigation measures specified in the PNERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jane Burtt
- Federal Government, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Melanie Rickard
- Federal Government, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Andrew McAllister
- Federal Government, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Lauren Bergman
- Federal Government, Health Canada Radiation Protection Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, UNITED STATES
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Responses to Children’s Mental Health Needs Following the Chernobyl Disaster. INTEGRATING PSYCHIATRY AND PRIMARY CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15872-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Chronic diseases and mortality among immigrants to Israel from areas contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster: a follow-up study. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:463-469. [PMID: 28130563 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-0941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine six chronic diseases and all-cause mortality among immigrants to Israel from areas contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. METHODS The medical data were obtained from the two largest HMOs in Israel. In the assessment of chronic diseases, individuals were divided into three groups: less exposed (n = 480), more exposed (n = 359), and liquidators (n = 45) and in the mortality analysis, into two groups: less exposed (n = 792) and more exposed (n = 590). RESULTS Compared to the less exposed, adults from the more exposed group had increased odds of respiratory disorders (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.21, 4.54) and elevated odds, with borderline significance, of ischemic heart disease (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 0.97, 4.20). In addition, the liquidators had increased odds of hypertension compared to the less exposed (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.24, 5.64). The Cox proportional-hazards model indicated no difference in the ratio of all-cause mortality between the exposed groups during the follow up period. CONCLUSIONS Our study, conducted approximately two decades after the accident, suggests that exposure to radionuclides may be associated with increased odds of respiratory disorders and hypertension.
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