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Understanding Hematopoietic Stem Cell Dynamics—Insights from Mathematical Modelling. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-023-00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of review
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) drive blood-cell production (hematopoiesis). Out-competition of HSCs by malignant cells occurs in many hematologic malignancies like acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Through mathematical modelling, HSC dynamics and their impact on healthy blood cell formation can be studied, using mathematical analysis and computer simulations. We review important work within this field and discuss mathematical modelling as a tool for attaining biological insight.
Recent findings
Various mechanism-based models of HSC dynamics have been proposed in recent years. Key properties of such models agree with observations and medical knowledge and suggest relations between stem cell properties, e.g., rates of division and the temporal evolution of the HSC population. This has made it possible to study how HSC properties shape clinically relevant processes, including engraftment following an HSC transplantation and the response to different treatment.
Summary
Understanding how properties of HSCs affect hematopoiesis is important for efficient treatment of diseases. Mathematical modelling can contribute significantly to these efforts.
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Pedersen RK, Andersen M, Knudsen TA, Skov V, Kjær L, Hasselbalch HC, Ottesen JT. Dose‐dependent mathematical modeling of interferon‐α‐treatment for personalized treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. COMPUTATIONAL AND SYSTEMS ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cso2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus K. Pedersen
- Centre for Mathematical Modeling ‐ Human Health and Disease (COMMAND) IMFUFA Department of Science and Environment Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
| | - Morten Andersen
- Centre for Mathematical Modeling ‐ Human Health and Disease (COMMAND) IMFUFA Department of Science and Environment Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
| | - Trine A. Knudsen
- Department of Hematology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | - Lasse Kjær
- Department of Hematology Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Denmark
| | | | - Johnny T. Ottesen
- Centre for Mathematical Modeling ‐ Human Health and Disease (COMMAND) IMFUFA Department of Science and Environment Roskilde University Roskilde Denmark
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3
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Krieger MS, Moreau JM, Zhang H, Chien M, Zehnder JL, Craig M. A Blueprint for Identifying Phenotypes and Drug Targets in Complex Disorders with Empirical Dynamics. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100138. [PMID: 33336196 PMCID: PMC7733879 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge in medicine is translating from observational understanding to mechanistic understanding, where some observations are recognized as causes for the others. This can lead not only to new treatments and understanding, but also to recognition of novel phenotypes. Here, we apply a collection of mathematical techniques (empirical dynamics), which infer mechanistic networks in a model-free manner from longitudinal data, to hematopoiesis. Our study consists of three subjects with markers for cyclic thrombocytopenia, in which multiple cells and proteins undergo abnormal oscillations. One subject has atypical markers and may represent a rare phenotype. Our analyses support this contention, and also lend new evidence to a theory for the cause of this disorder. Simulations of an intervention yield encouraging results, even when applied to patient data outside our three subjects. These successes suggest that this blueprint has broader applicability in understanding and treating complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S. Krieger
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M. Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - May Chien
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James L. Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Craig
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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Cassidy T, Humphries AR, Craig M, Mackey MC. Characterizing Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia and Monocytopenia Through Mathematical Modelling. Bull Math Biol 2020; 82:104. [PMID: 32737602 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-020-00777-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the recent focus on the development of novel targeted drugs to treat cancer, cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for the vast majority of patients. Unfortunately, chemotherapy is associated with high hematopoietic toxicity that may limit its efficacy. We have previously established potential strategies to mitigate chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (a lack of circulating neutrophils) using a mechanistic model of granulopoiesis to predict the interactions defining the neutrophil response to chemotherapy and to define optimal strategies for concurrent chemotherapy/prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we extend our analyses to include monocyte production by constructing and parameterizing a model of monocytopoiesis. Using data for neutrophil and monocyte concentrations during chemotherapy in a large cohort of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, we leveraged our model to determine the relationship between the monocyte and neutrophil nadirs during cyclic chemotherapy. We show that monocytopenia precedes neutropenia by 3 days, and rationalize the use of G-CSF during chemotherapy by establishing that the onset of monocytopenia can be used as a clinical marker for G-CSF dosing post-chemotherapy. This work therefore has important clinical applications as a comprehensive approach to understanding the relationship between monocyte and neutrophils after cyclic chemotherapy with or without G-CSF support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Cassidy
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Antony R Humphries
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada. .,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montréal, Canada.
| | - Michael C Mackey
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Drummond, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, 3655 Drummond, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,Department of Physics, McGill University, 3655 Drummond, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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5
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Mackey MC, Glisovic S, Leclerc JM, Pastore Y, Krajinovic M, Craig M. The timing of cyclic cytotoxic chemotherapy can worsen neutropenia and neutrophilia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:687-693. [PMID: 32533708 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in immunotherapies, cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to be a first-line treatment option for the majority of cancers. Unfortunately, a common side effect in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment is neutropenia. To mitigate the risk of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, prophylactic treatment with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is administered. Extensive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of myelosuppression during chemotherapy has suggested avenues for therapy optimization to mitigate this neutropenia. However, the issue of resonance, whereby neutrophil oscillations are induced by the periodic administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy and the coadministration of G-CSF, potentially aggravating a patient's neutropenic/neutrophilic status, is not well-characterized in the clinical literature. Here, through analysis of neutrophil data from young acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients, we find that resonance is occurring during cyclic chemotherapy treatment in 26% of these patients. Motivated by these data and our previous modelling studies on adult lymphoma patients, we examined resonance during treatment with or without G-CSF. Using our quantitative systems pharmacology model of granulopoiesis, we show that the timing of cyclic chemotherapy can worsen neutropenia or neutrophilia, and suggest clinically-actionable schedules to reduce the resonant effect. We emphasize that delaying supportive G-CSF therapy to 6-7 days after chemotherapy can mitigate myelosuppressive effects. This study therefore highlights the importance of quantitative systems pharmacology for the clinical practice for developing rational therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jean-Marie Leclerc
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Pastore
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Mackey MC. Periodic hematological disorders: Quintessential examples of dynamical diseases. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:063123. [PMID: 32611100 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the evidence supporting the classification of cyclic neutropenia as a dynamical disease and periodic chronic myelogenous leukemia is also considered. The unsatisfactory state of knowledge concerning the genesis of cyclic thrombocytopenia and periodic autoimmune hemolytic anemia is detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Mackey
- Department of Physiology, Department of Physics, and Department of Mathematics McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4X 2C1, Canada
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A general mathematical framework for understanding the behavior of heterogeneous stem cell regeneration. J Theor Biol 2020; 492:110196. [PMID: 32067937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell heterogeneity is essential for homeostasis in tissue development. This paper establishes a general mathematical framework to model the dynamics of stem cell regeneration with cell heterogeneity and random transitions of epigenetic states. The framework generalizes the classical G0 cell cycle model and incorporates the epigenetic states of individual cells represented by a continuous multidimensional variable. In the model, the kinetic rates of cell behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, are dependent on their epigenetic states, and the random transitions of epigenetic states between cell cycles are represented by an inheritance probability function that describes the conditional probability of cell state changes. Moreover, the model can be extended to include genotypic changes and describe the process of gene mutation-induced tumor development. The proposed mathematical framework provides a generalized formula that helps us to understand various dynamic processes of stem cell regeneration, including tissue development, degeneration, and abnormal growth.
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Zhuge C, Mackey MC, Lei J. Origins of oscillation patterns in cyclical thrombocytopenia. J Theor Biol 2019; 462:432-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Situ Q, Lei J. A mathematical model of stem cell regeneration with epigenetic state transitions. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2018; 14:1379-1397. [PMID: 29161866 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2017071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study a mathematical model of stem cell regeneration with epigenetic state transitions. In the model, the heterogeneity of stem cells is considered through the epigenetic state of each cell, and each epigenetic state defines a subpopulation of stem cells. The dynamics of the subpopulations are modeled by a set of ordinary differential equations in which epigenetic state transition in cell division is given by the transition probability. We present analysis for the existence and linear stability of the equilibrium state. As an example, we apply the model to study the dynamics of state transition in breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Situ
- Zhou Pei-Yuan Center for Applied Mathematics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinzhi Lei
- Zhou Pei-Yuan Center for Applied Mathematics, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Melhem M, Delor I, Pérez-Ruixo JJ, Harrold J, Chow A, Wu L, Jacqmin P. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of neutrophil response to G-CSF in healthy subjects and patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:911-925. [PMID: 29318653 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of the present study was to use pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling to characterize the effects of chemotherapy on the granulopoietic system and to predict the absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) for patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia treated with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim. METHODS Data were extracted from 10 phase I-III studies conducted in 110 healthy adults, and 618 adult and 52 paediatric patients on chemotherapy following administration of filgrastim or pegfilgrastim. The structural model accounted for ANC dynamics and the effects of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim, chemotherapy and corticosteroids. The impact of neutrophils on drug disposition was based on a drug receptor-binding model that assumed quasi-equilibrium and stimulation of the production and maturation of neutrophils upon treatment. The chemotherapy and corticosteroid effects were represented by kinetic-pharmacodynamic-type models, where chemotherapy stimulated elimination of neutrophil precursors at the mitotic stage, and corticosteroids stimulated neutrophil production. RESULTS The systemic half-lives of filgrastim (2.6 h) and pegfilgrastim (10.1 h) were as expected. The effective half-life of chemotherapy was 9.6 h, with a 2-day killing effect. The rate of receptor elimination from mitotic compartments exhibited extreme interindividual variability (% coefficient of variation >200), suggesting marked differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy effects on ANCs. The stimulatory effects of pegfilgrastim were significantly greater than those of filgrastim. Model qualification confirmed the predictive capability of this model. CONCLUSION This qualified model simulates the time course of ANC in the absence or presence of chemotherapy and predicts nadir, time to nadir and time of recovery from different grades of neutropenia upon treatment with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Melhem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John Harrold
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Chow
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Modeling and Simulation, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Liviawati Wu
- Alios BioPharma Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Transit and lifespan in neutrophil production: implications for drug intervention. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2017; 45:59-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10928-017-9560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Severe congenital neutropenias are a heterogeneous group of rare haematological diseases characterized by impaired maturation of neutrophil granulocytes. Patients with severe congenital neutropenia are prone to recurrent, often life-threatening infections beginning in their first months of life. The most frequent pathogenic defects are autosomal dominant mutations in ELANE, which encodes neutrophil elastase, and autosomal recessive mutations in HAX1, whose product contributes to the activation of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) signalling pathway. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions are the object of extensive research and are not fully understood. Furthermore, severe congenital neutropenias may predispose to myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia. Molecular events in the malignant progression include acquired mutations in CSF3R (encoding G-CSF receptor) and subsequently in other leukaemia-associated genes (such as RUNX1) in a majority of patients. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations, blood neutrophil count, bone marrow examination and genetic and immunological analyses. Daily subcutaneous G-CSF administration is the treatment of choice and leads to a substantial increase in blood neutrophil count, reduction of infections and drastic improvement of quality of life. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the alternative treatment. Regular clinical assessments (including yearly bone marrow examinations) to monitor treatment course and detect chromosomal abnormalities (for example, monosomy 7 and trisomy 21) as well as somatic pre-leukaemic mutations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Skokowa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David C Dale
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Zeidler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Welte
- University Children's Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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Craig M. Towards Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Models of Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2017; 6:293-304. [PMID: 28418603 PMCID: PMC5445232 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutropenia is a serious toxic complication of chemotherapeutic treatment. For years, mathematical models have been developed to better predict hematological outcomes during chemotherapy in both the traditional pharmaceutical sciences and mathematical biology disciplines. An increasing number of quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models that combine systems approaches, physiology, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics have been successfully developed. Here, I detail the shift towards QSP efforts, emphasizing the importance of incorporating systems-level physiological considerations in pharmacometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Craig
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Mackey MC, Tyran-Kamińska M, Walther HO. Response of an oscillatory differential delay equation to a single stimulus. J Math Biol 2016; 74:1139-1196. [PMID: 27613016 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-016-1051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here we analytically examine the response of a limit cycle solution to a simple differential delay equation to a single pulse perturbation of the piecewise linear nonlinearity. We construct the unperturbed limit cycle analytically, and are able to completely characterize the perturbed response to a pulse of positive amplitude and duration with onset at different points in the limit cycle. We determine the perturbed minima and maxima and period of the limit cycle and show how the pulse modifies these from the unperturbed case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Mackey
- Departments of Physiology, Physics and Mathematics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Marta Tyran-Kamińska
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Hans-Otto Walther
- Mathematisches Institut, Universität Giessen, Arndtstrasse 2, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Craig M, Humphries AR, Mackey MC. A Mathematical Model of Granulopoiesis Incorporating the Negative Feedback Dynamics and Kinetics of G-CSF/Neutrophil Binding and Internalization. Bull Math Biol 2016; 78:2304-2357. [PMID: 27324993 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-016-0179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We develop a physiological model of granulopoiesis which includes explicit modelling of the kinetics of the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) incorporating both the freely circulating concentration and the concentration of the cytokine bound to mature neutrophils. G-CSF concentrations are used to directly regulate neutrophil production, with the rate of differentiation of stem cells to neutrophil precursors, the effective proliferation rate in mitosis, the maturation time, and the release rate from the mature marrow reservoir into circulation all dependent on the level of G-CSF in the system. The dependence of the maturation time on the cytokine concentration introduces a state-dependent delay into our differential equation model, and we show how this is derived from an age-structured partial differential equation model of the mitosis and maturation and also detail the derivation of the rest of our model. The model and its estimated parameters are shown to successfully predict the neutrophil and G-CSF responses to a variety of treatment scenarios, including the combined administration of chemotherapy and exogenous G-CSF. This concomitant treatment was reproduced without any additional fitting to characterize drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Craig
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - A R Humphries
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada
| | - M C Mackey
- Departments of Mathematics, Physics and Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Höfer T, Barile M, Flossdorf M. Stem-cell dynamics and lineage topology from in vivo fate mapping in the hematopoietic system. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 39:150-156. [PMID: 27107166 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, sophisticated fate-mapping tools have been developed to study the behavior of stem cells in the intact organism. These experimental approaches are beginning to yield a quantitative picture of how cell numbers are regulated during steady state and in response to challenges. Focusing on hematopoiesis and immune responses, we discuss how novel mathematical approaches driven by these fate-mapping data have provided insights into the dynamics and topology of cellular differentiation pathways in vivo. The combination of experiment and theory has allowed to quantify the degree of self-renewal in stem and progenitor cells, shown how native hematopoiesis differs fundamentally from post-transplantation hematopoiesis, and uncovered that the diversification of T lymphocytes during immune responses resembles tissue renewal driven by stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Melania Barile
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Bioquant Center, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Glass L. Dynamical disease: Challenges for nonlinear dynamics and medicine. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:097603. [PMID: 26428556 DOI: 10.1063/1.4915529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical disease refers to illnesses that are associated with striking changes in the dynamics of some bodily function. There is a large literature in mathematics and physics which proposes mathematical models for the physiological systems and carries out analyses of the properties of these models using nonlinear dynamics concepts involving analyses of the stability and bifurcations of attractors. This paper discusses how these concepts can be applied to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Glass
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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