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Cai G, Ahmed MA. The role of root hairs in water uptake: recent advances and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3330-3338. [PMID: 35323893 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient water is essential for plant growth and production. Root hairs connect roots to the soil, extend the effective root radius, and greatly enlarge the absorbing surface area. Although the efficacy of root hairs in nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus, has been well recognized, their role in water uptake remains contentious. Here we review recent advances in this field, discuss the factors affecting the role of root hairs in water uptake, and propose future directions. We argue that root hair length and shrinkage, in response to soil drying, explain the apparently contradictory evidence currently available. Our analysis revealed that shorter and vulnerable root hairs (i.e. rice and maize) made little, if any, contribution to root water uptake. In contrast, relatively longer root hairs (i.e. barley) had a clear influence on root water uptake, transpiration, and hence plant response to soil drying. We conclude that the role of root hairs in water uptake is species (and probably soil) specific. We propose that a holistic understanding of the efficacy of root hairs in water uptake will require detailed studies of root hair length, turnover, and shrinkage in different species and contrasting soil textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Cai
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95444, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95444, Bayreuth, Germany
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Piovesan A, Vancauwenberghe V, Van De Looverbosch T, Verboven P, Nicolaï B. X-ray computed tomography for 3D plant imaging. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1171-1185. [PMID: 34404587 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for 3D imaging of plant tissues and organs. Applications include the study of plant development and organ morphogenesis, as well as modeling of transport processes in plants. Some challenges remain, however, including attaining higher contrast for easier quantification, increasing the resolution for imaging subcellular features, and decreasing image acquisition and processing time for high-throughput phenotyping. In addition, phase contrast, multispectral, dark-field, soft X-ray, and time-resolved imaging are emerging. At the same time, a large amount of 3D image data are becoming available, posing challenges for data management. We review recent advances in the area of X-ray CT for plant imaging, and describe opportunities for using such images for studying transport processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Piovesan
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Division MeBioS (Mechatronics, Biostatistics, and Sensors) - Postharvest Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Vancauwenberghe
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Division MeBioS (Mechatronics, Biostatistics, and Sensors) - Postharvest Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Van De Looverbosch
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Division MeBioS (Mechatronics, Biostatistics, and Sensors) - Postharvest Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Verboven
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Division MeBioS (Mechatronics, Biostatistics, and Sensors) - Postharvest Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Nicolaï
- Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Division MeBioS (Mechatronics, Biostatistics, and Sensors) - Postharvest Group, Willem de Croylaan 42, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology (VCBT), Willem de Croylaan 42, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Cai G, Carminati A, Abdalla M, Ahmed MA. Soil textures rather than root hairs dominate water uptake and soil-plant hydraulics under drought. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:858-872. [PMID: 34608949 PMCID: PMC8491061 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the role of root hairs (RHs) in nutrient uptake is well documented, their role in water uptake and drought tolerance remains controversial. Maize (Zea mays) wild-type and its hair-defective mutant (Mut; roothairless 3) were grown in two contrasting soil textures (sand and loam). We used a root pressure chamber to measure the relation between transpiration rate (E) and leaf xylem water potential (ψleaf_x) during soil drying. Our hypotheses were: (1) RHs extend root-soil contact and reduce the ψleaf_x decline at high E in dry soils; (2) the impact of RHs is more pronounced in sand; and (3) Muts partly compensate for lacking RHs by producing longer and/or thicker roots. The ψleaf_x(E) relation was linear in wet conditions and became nonlinear as the soils dried. This nonlinearity occurred more abruptly and at less negative matric potentials in sand (ca. -10 kPa) than in loam (ca. -100 kPa). At more negative soil matric potentials, soil hydraulic conductance became smaller than root hydraulic conductance in both soils. Both genotypes exhibited 1.7 times longer roots in loam, but 1.6 times thicker roots in sand. No differences were observed in the ψleaf_x(E) relation and active root length between the two genotypes. In maize, RHs had a minor contribution to soil-plant hydraulics in both soils and their putative role in water uptake was smaller than that reported for barley (Hordeum vulgare). These results suggest that the role of RHs cannot be easily generalized across species and soil textures affect the response of root hydraulics to soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Cai
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Carminati
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mohanned Abdalla
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Mutez Ali Ahmed
- Chair of Soil Physics, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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Zhang H, Wang S, Ou Z. Analytical solutions of citrate–phosphate coupled model of rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. INT J BIOMATH 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524520500618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The citrate secreted by the rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots will promote the absorption of phosphate, and this process is described by the Kirk model. In our work, the Kirk model is divided into citrate sub-model and phosphate sub-model. In the citrate sub-model, we obtain the analytical solution of citrate with the Laplace transform, inverse Laplace transform and convolution theorem. The citrate solution is substituted into the phosphate sub-model, and the analytical solution of phosphate is obtained by the separation variable method. The existence of the solutions can be proved by the comparison test, the Weierstrass M-test and the Abel discriminating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Finance, Putian University, Putian, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- School of Mathematics and Information, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Ou
- School of Mathematics and Information, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (FJKLMAA), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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Clark NM, Van den Broeck L, Guichard M, Stager A, Tanner HG, Blilou I, Grossmann G, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS, Maizel A, Sparks EE, Sozzani R. Novel Imaging Modalities Shedding Light on Plant Biology: Start Small and Grow Big. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:789-816. [PMID: 32119794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition of quantitative information on plant development across a range of temporal and spatial scales is essential to understand the mechanisms of plant growth. Recent years have shown the emergence of imaging methodologies that enable the capture and analysis of plant growth, from the dynamics of molecules within cells to the measurement of morphometricand physiological traits in field-grown plants. In some instances, these imaging methods can be parallelized across multiple samples to increase throughput. When high throughput is combined with high temporal and spatial resolution, the resulting image-derived data sets could be combined with molecular large-scale data sets to enable unprecedented systems-level computational modeling. Such image-driven functional genomics studies may be expected to appear at an accelerating rate in the near future given the early success of the foundational efforts reviewed here. We present new imaging modalities and review how they have enabled a better understanding of plant growth from the microscopic to the macroscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA; ,
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA;
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA; ,
| | - Marjorie Guichard
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adam Stager
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA; ,
| | - Herbert G Tanner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA; ,
| | - Ikram Blilou
- Department of Plant Cell and Developmental Biology, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
- CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anjali S Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; , ,
| | - Erin E Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA;
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA; ,
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Approximate nutrient flux and concentration solutions of the Nye-Tinker-Barber model by the perturbation expansion method. J Theor Biol 2019; 476:19-29. [PMID: 31128141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Nye-Tinker-Barber model is a basic and representative one for single-ion nutrient uptake by plant root from the soil and we aim to derive its approximate analytical solutions of flux and concentration. We divide the rhizosphere into the inner and the outer fields, match the inner and the outer solutions near the root surface, and then obtain the approximate analytical solutions of nutrient uptake flux at the root surface and global nutrient concentration of the diffusion or the convection-diffusion Nye-Tinker-Barber model. The analytical and numerical fluxes of K+ and [Formula: see text] decay quickly to 0 in less than 3 days while [Formula: see text] and Cd2+ gradually decrease in more than 15 days; the depletion profile spread of [Formula: see text] is apparently narrower than [Formula: see text] and K+ in 24 days. The different flux and concentration patterns of 4 nutrients result from their mobility and solubility in the rhizosphere. In comparison with the numerical simulations and the previous analytical results, we find that the analytical flux will overestimate the numerical flux of [Formula: see text] and Cd2+ while the analytical concentration can accurately predict the numerical concentration; the flux and the concentration solutions of the convection-diffusion Nye-Tinker-Barber model can be simplified to the diffusion versions by the Péclet number, and they can more widely describe the transport of nutrients of different attributes in soils of different textures with different levels of saturation, conductivity and permeability.
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BURCA G, NAGELLA S, CLARK T, TASEV D, RAHMAN I, GARWOOD R, SPENCER A, TURNER M, KELLEHER J. Exploring the potential of neutron imaging for life sciences on IMAT. J Microsc 2018; 272:242-247. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. BURCA
- STFC; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility; Harwell UK
| | - S. NAGELLA
- Scientific Computing Department; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; STFC; Harwell UK
| | - T. CLARK
- STFC; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility; Harwell UK
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group; Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - D. TASEV
- Department of Computer Science; Aberystwyth University; Aberystwyth UK
| | - I.A. RAHMAN
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - R.J. GARWOOD
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum London; London UK
| | - A.R.T. SPENCER
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum London; London UK
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - M.J. TURNER
- Scientific Computing Department; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory; STFC; Harwell UK
- School of Computer Science; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - J.F. KELLEHER
- STFC; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, ISIS Facility; Harwell UK
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