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Vanhaecht K, Seys D, Russotto S, Strametz R, Mira J, Sigurgeirsdóttir S, Wu AW, Põlluste K, Popovici DG, Sfetcu R, Kurt S, Panella M. An Evidence and Consensus-Based Definition of Second Victim: A Strategic Topic in Healthcare Quality, Patient Safety, Person-Centeredness and Human Resource Management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416869. [PMID: 36554750 PMCID: PMC9779047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concept of second victims (SV) was introduced 20 years ago to draw attention to healthcare professionals involved in patient safety incidents. The objective of this paper is to advance the theoretical conceptualization and to develop a common definition. A literature search was performed in Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL (October 2010 to November 2020). The description of SV was extracted regarding three concepts: (1) involved persons, (2) content of action and (3) impact. Based on these concepts, a definition was proposed and discussed within the ERNST-COST consortium in 2021 and 2022. An international group of experts finalized the definition. In total, 83 publications were reviewed. Based on expert consensus, a second victim was defined as: "Any health care worker, directly or indirectly involved in an unanticipated adverse patient event, unintentional healthcare error, or patient injury and who becomes victimized in the sense that they are also negatively impacted". The proposed definition can be used to help to reduce the impact of incidents on both healthcare professionals and organizations, thereby indirectly improve healthcare quality, patient safety, person-centeredness and human resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Vanhaecht
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Quality, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deborah Seys
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophia Russotto
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Reinhard Strametz
- Wiesbaden Business School, RheinMain University of Applied Science, 65183 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - José Mira
- The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, 03550 Alicante, Spain
- Health Psychology Department, Miguel Hernandez University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | - Albert W. Wu
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, ML 21205, USA
| | - Kaja Põlluste
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, L. Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Raluca Sfetcu
- National Institute of Health Services Management, 021253 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sule Kurt
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Nursing Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Massimiliano Panella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Higgins MC, Siddiqui AA, Kosowsky T, Unan L, Mete M, Rowe S, Marchalik D. Burnout, Professional Fulfillment, Intention to Leave, and Sleep-Related Impairment among Radiology Trainees across the United States (US): A Multisite Epidemiologic Study. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 5:S118-S125. [PMID: 35241358 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of burnout among radiology trainees in the United States, and to study the relationships between burnout and professional fulfillment (PF), intent-to-leave (ITL), sleep-related impairment and self-compassion by gender. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted via an anonymous electronic survey sent to 11 large academic medical centers (Physician Wellness Academic Consortium) between January 2017 and September 2018. The survey included the Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI) and an abbreviated form of the PROMIS Sleep-related impairment (SRI) scale. Two-sample t-tests and chi-square exact tests were used for analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Two hundred forty-seven radiology residents responded to the survey. Out of these, 36.2% reported burnout, 37.4% endorsed PF, 64.8% reported sleep-related impairment, 7.6% expressed ITL. There were no significant differences between genders. Burnout was associated with reduced PF, increased sleep-impairment (p < 0.001 for both) and increased ITL (p = 0.02). Lower PF, peer support, perceived appreciation for and meaningfulness in work, alignment of organizational and personal values, self-compassion, and higher sleep impairment were associated with burnout (p < 0.001 for all). Burnout was associated with perceptions of less support from department leaders (p = 0.003), control over schedules (p = 0.001) and helpfulness of electronic health record systems (p = 0.01). ITL was associated with reduced PF, perceived work appreciation, and leadership support (p = 0.03, p = 0.04, and p = 0.007, respectively). DISCUSSION Burnout is prevalent among radiology residents. Many demonstrate sleep-impairment and reduced professional fulfillment, with a lesser fraction desiring to leave their institution. Key factors to burnout included peer and organizational support, electronic health record systems helpfulness, and personal factors like self-compassion and work appreciation.
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Meta-analysis of effort–reward imbalance prevalence among physicians. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:559-571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Oliveira A, Gowda V, Jordan SG. It Takes a Village: A Multimodal Approach to Addressing Radiologist Burnout. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2021; 51:289-292. [PMID: 34980509 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Burnout is a significant issue confronting the medical profession, to which radiology is no exception. Addressing burnout demands a full-spectrum response, in keeping with its complexity, prevalence, and significance. This manuscript brings together key techniques at the individual, peer, and institutional levels to offer a multifaceted approach to ameliorating radiologist burnout. Such an approach would begin by equipping physicians with the skillset necessary to identify signs of burnout in themselves and others. Institutions can work to validate the radiologists they employ and work toward mitigating the impact of occupational stressors. Lastly, engaging in conversations about burnout throughout the course of one's medical career can affect a sea change in the way burnout is envisioned, and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Oliveira
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA.
| | - Vrushab Gowda
- UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sheryl G Jordan
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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Magnavita N, Soave PM, Ricciardi W, Antonelli M. Occupational Stress and Mental Health among Anesthetists during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218245. [PMID: 33171618 PMCID: PMC7664621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anesthetist-intensivists who treat patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) are exposed to significant biological and psychosocial risks. Our study investigated the occupational and health conditions of anesthesiologists in a COVID-19 hub hospital in Latium, Italy. Ninety out of a total of 155 eligible workers (59%; male 48%) participated in the cross-sectional survey. Occupational stress was assessed with the Effort Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, organizational justice with the Colquitt Scale, insomnia with the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), and mental health with the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS). A considerable percentage of workers (71.1%) reported high work-related stress, with an imbalance between high effort and low rewards. The level of perceived organizational justice was modest. Physical activity and meditation—the behaviors most commonly adopted to increase resilience—decreased. Workers also reported insomnia (36.7%), anxiety (27.8%), and depression (51.1%). The effort made for work was significantly correlated with the presence of depressive symptoms (r = 0.396). Anesthetists need to be in good health in order to ensure optimal care for COVID-19 patients. Their state of health can be improved by providing an increase in individual resources with interventions for better work organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3473300367
| | - Paolo Maurizio Soave
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Department of Woman/Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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Abstract
Pharmacists with long experience and low personal satisfaction from work are at higher risk of burnout, but the role of specific personality traits is less well understood. In addition, the medical system in China is different from that of other countries, and the characteristics of pharmacist burnout might be different from that of other countries. This study evaluated the roles played by personality, working environment, and work characteristics on burnout and job satisfaction among Chinese hospital pharmacists.This was a cross-sectional study undertaken between April 28 and 30, 2017. The questionnaires were completed at the "National Academic Conference of the Chinese Society of Clinical Pharmacy". Questionnaires were handed out to 1786 pharmacists, and 1394 valid questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques.The final structural model showed that, as expected, personality and working environment factors directly or indirectly predicted burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduction of personal accomplishment) and job satisfaction variables. The analyses were consistent with the features of pharmacists' work characteristics, including job demands, job control, and workload playing mediating roles between antecedent variables (personality and working environment) and emotional outcomes (burnout and job satisfaction). On the other hand, job control and workload did not predict emotional exhaustion.This study indicates that personality is a negative predictor of 2 dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization), while the working environment, especially job demand, is a predictor of burnout and greater emotional exhaustion. Work characteristics are positively related to job satisfaction and play a protective role against burnout.
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D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Caroli A, Greco M. Shift work sleep disorder and job stress in shift nurses: implications for preventive interventions. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2020; 111:195-202. [PMID: 32624561 PMCID: PMC7809943 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v111i3.9197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing literature has revealed a relationship between shift-work, including night-shift, and the disturbance of sleep-wake cycle, leading to insomnia and/or increased daytime sleepiness in shift nurses; recent findings showed an association between shift work sleep disorders and distress, work accidents, decreased job performance and, consequently, lower quality of health service provision and lower standards of care. OBJECTIVES To analyze across the gender how shift nurses experience shift work sleep disorders and job stress. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed following the STROBE Statement. The Italian version of the Job Content Questionnaire, the Bergen Insomnia Scale and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were administered to the registered nurses employed in three Departments of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine. RESULTS No significant association was found between high job strain and insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Significantly more women than men experienced high job strain, insomnia and daytime sleepiness; among women the level of social support was significantly and negatively associated with insomnia and daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that interventions aimed to prevent shift work sleep disorder and job stress in shift-nurses should incorporate the assessment of social support across the gender. Moreover, longitudinal studies are required to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions targeted on social support to minimize the occurrence of insomnia and daytime sleepiness in shift nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Caroli
- Health Unit of Occupational Prevention and Protection, Local Health Authority, Brindisi, Italy.
| | - Mariarita Greco
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Authority, Brindisi, Italy.
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Peter KA, Hahn S, Schols JMGA, Halfens RJG. Work-related stress among health professionals in Swiss acute care and rehabilitation hospitals-A cross-sectional study. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:3064-3081. [PMID: 32447796 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify significant work stressors associated with stress symptoms, job satisfaction, intention to leave and health-related outcomes among health professionals. BACKGROUND The workforce shortage of health professionals is a current concern, and a reduction of work-related stress is thus essential for retaining health professionals. Studies on the extent of work-related stress in different health professions are limited. METHODS The research was conducted with a cross-sectional study encompassing 26 randomly selected acute care and rehabilitation hospitals. The sample consisted of 3,398 health professionals. The study was undertaken in accordance with the STROBE checklist for observational studies. RESULTS Work-private life conflicts were significantly associated with health professionals' stress symptoms, job satisfaction, intention to leave the organisation and profession, their general health status, burnout symptoms and quality of sleep. Also, opportunities for development and the behaviour of the direct line manager (e.g. quality of leadership, unfair behaviour, rewards given) along with various profession-specific stressors were the important predictors revealed. CONCLUSIONS This study shows the high relevance of preventing and reducing work-private life conflicts, enhancing leadership qualities as well as opportunities for development among health professionals working in acute care and rehabilitation hospitals. Also, differences between health professions should be taken into consideration in developing strategies for reducing stress at work. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The results of this study are particularly relevant for health professional leaders and reveal the urgent need in hospital practice for effective strategies to improve health professionals' work-private life balance, opportunities for development and quality of leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Anne Peter
- Division of Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Hahn
- Division of Applied Research & Development in Nursing, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jos M G A Schols
- Department of Health Services Research (Focusing on Value-based Care and Ageing), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI - Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J G Halfens
- Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI - Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Chetlen AL, Chan TL, Ballard DH, Frigini LA, Hildebrand A, Kim S, Brian JM, Krupinski EA, Ganeshan D. Addressing Burnout in Radiologists. Acad Radiol 2019; 26:526-533. [PMID: 30711406 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Burnout is a global health problem affecting physicians across all medical specialties. Radiologists, in particular, experience high rates of burn out, and this trend has only continued to worsen. The "Promoting Health and Wellness for Radiologists Task Force of the Association of University Radiologists-Radiology Research Alliance" presents a review of the prevalence, causes, and impact of burnout among radiology faculty and trainees, and a discussion on strategies for overcoming burnout and promoting overall health and well-being among radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Chetlen
- Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Division of Breast Imaging, 30 Hope Drive, Suite 1800 EC 008, Hershey, PA 17033.
| | - Tiffany L Chan
- Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - David H Ballard
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | | | - Shannon Kim
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Department of Radiology, Norfolk, VA 23501
| | - James M Brian
- Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Hershey, PA 17033
| | | | - Dhakshinamoorthy Ganeshan
- University of Texas, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009
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D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Vullo A. Gender assessment of job stress in healthcare workers. Implications for practice. LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2019; 110:22-28. [PMID: 30794245 PMCID: PMC7810005 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v110i1.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Work-related stress (WRS) in the healthcare sector is a major issue for both workers and organizations. To date, no consensus exists regarding differences in gender susceptibility to WRS in healthcare workers (HCWs). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze how male and female HCWs employed in emergency departments experienced WRS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted regarding the perception of WRS in registered nurses employed in emergency departments. The Italian version of the Job Content Questionnaire and the Rapid Stress Assessment scale were administrated to 710 registered nurses. Results: The WRS assessment showed that significantly more females than males were in a situation of isostrain (18.5% vs 9.8% p<0,05). In females, low social support was associated with high levels of job strain (18,5% vs 4,4% p<0,05). Conclusion: This study reflects the need for a gender-specific approach in the evaluation of WRS in the healthcare sector, and is consistent with literature that evidenced gender differences in the perception of WRS. Lack of social support proved to be a determinant of WRS in female HCWs. Organizational interventions aimed at providing a more suitable workgroup design are required in order to minimize WRS in female HCWs.
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Zha N, Patlas MN, Neuheimer N, Duszak R. Prevalence of Burnout among Canadian Radiologists and Radiology Trainees. Can Assoc Radiol J 2018; 69:367-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Physician burnout is on the rise compared to the average population, and radiology burnout rates are ranked high compared to other specialties. We aim to assess radiologist and radiology trainee burnout in Canada. Methods A survey using the abbreviated 7-item Maslach Burnout Inventory that characterizes burnout symptoms into personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization was sent to all eligible members of the Canadian Association of Radiologists in January 2018. The anonymous survey was hosted on SurveyMonkey for 1 month. A reminder e-mail was sent halfway through the survey period. Results Overall, 262 of 1401 invited radiology trainees and radiologists completed the survey (response rate 18.7%). With regards to personal accomplishment, we observed that (1) burnout in this domain improved with increased years worked and (2) milder symptoms were observed in community radiologists compared with their academic counterparts. In comparison with other studies of radiologist burnout, we found mild burnout symptoms in personal accomplishment, but severe symptoms in the burnout domains of both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Conclusions Canadian radiologists and radiology trainees reported above average burnout symptoms with regard to both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Future research directions include exploring etiologies of burnout and implementation of treatment strategies based on these identified problem areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Zha
- Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael N. Patlas
- Division of Emergency/Trauma Radiology, Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Neuheimer
- Canadian Association of Radiologists, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Duszak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Obadeji A, Oluwole LO, Dada MU, Oshatimi MA. Alcohol use and psychological wellbeing of health workers in a Nigerian Hospital: An exploratory study. Malawi Med J 2018; 30:31-36. [PMID: 29868157 PMCID: PMC5974384 DOI: 10.4314/mmj.v30i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The degree of alcohol use influences one's mental health and psychological wellbeing. Psychological well-being of health workers, however, is crucial to the quality of care their patients receive. Aims The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of alcohol use and factors associated with psychological well-being of health care workers at a University Teaching Hospital. Methods This was a cross sectional survey of health workers in the medical and surgical specialties at the State University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Socio-demographic questionnaire, the 10-items Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) and the 12-items General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to assess socio-demographic, alcohol use and psychological well-being of the participants. Statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Appropriate statistical tools were used to determine relationships between various variables. Results A total of 256 participants were interviewed. Fifteen (5.9%) of the respondents were either hazardous or harmful drinkers. Psychological distress was reported among 17.2% of the respondents and this was significantly associated with marital status, years of practice, specialty of practice, presence of ongoing chronic illness, current stressors and level of alcohol use. Conclusion A high proportion of the participants in the study were abstainers and a significant number were experiencing psychological distress. Psychological distress was however found to be significantly associated with harmful alcohol use, some socio-demographic variables, and work related factors. Efforts should be geared towards identifying these factors so as to ensure effectiveness and well-being of health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adetunji Obadeji
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Lateef O Oluwole
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji U Dada
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Michael A Oshatimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Radiologist Burnout Is Not Just Isolated to the United States: Perspectives From Canada. J Am Coll Radiol 2018; 16:121-123. [PMID: 30236858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ruggieri V, Zeppegno P, Gramaglia C, Gili S, Deantonio L, Krengli M. A Survey of Italian Radiation Oncologists: Job Satisfaction and Burnout. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1578.17212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Ruggieri
- Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Psychiatry Institute, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Psychiatry Institute, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gili
- Psychiatry Institute, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Deantonio
- Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Krengli
- Radiotherapy Unit, University Hospital Maggiore della Carità, Novara
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Italy
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Magnavita N, Sestili C, Mannocci A, Ercoli E, Boccia A, Bonaga G, Sica S, Maurici M, Alvaro R, Sili A, Cartoni C, La Torre G. Mental and physical well-being in oncology-hematology-unit personnel. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 73:375-380. [PMID: 28777706 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1361901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) in university hematology units (UHUs) face high job demand that can have adverse health effects. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between some job stressors and health-related quality of life among HCWs of 3 UHUs in Rome. Work-related stress was measured with the Demand-Control Questionnaire; health-related functioning with the mental component score (MCS) and physical component score (PCS) of the Short Form 12 Survey; positivity with the Positivity Scale. Data of 201 respondents were analyzed. Job demand was inversely associated with MCS (p = .05) and PCS (p = .049); job control was directly associated with PCS (p < .001) and MCS (p = .024). A high positivity scale score and high decision latitude score predicted high MCS and PCS. High job demand score predicted low MCS and PCS scores. Reduced job stressors and enhanced positive attitudes can improve HCWs' health-related quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- a Department of Public Health , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Cristina Sestili
- b Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- b Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Elisa Ercoli
- c Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine , University Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonia Boccia
- b Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Gloria Bonaga
- b Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Simona Sica
- d Institute of Hematology , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Massimo Maurici
- c Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine , University Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Rosaria Alvaro
- b Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Sili
- c Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine , University Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudio Cartoni
- e Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- b Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
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Chirico F. Religious Belief and Mental Health in Lay and Consecrated Italian Teachers. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:839-851. [PMID: 27179821 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that teachers and clergy are stressful occupations. This study aimed to compare the rate of job strain and burnout among lay and consecrated teachers and to study the effect of religious coping on the mental health of these two groups. A cross-sectional survey study was carried out in Catholic kindergarten, preschool and primary schools of an Italian Congregation of nuns, in South Italy. The Italian versions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) scale, of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and a study-specific questionnaire with sociodemographic variables and indicators of subjective (self-reported religiosity) and objective (prayer personal and church attendance) religiousness were used. Data were analyzed according to the guidelines for data processing and an analysis of the scales used. The participation rate of this study was 88 %. There was a significant difference between two groups in religiousness and job strain/burnout scores (lay teachers were the most affected group). Moreover, religiousness scores had a positive correlation with personal accomplishment, job satisfaction and perceived performance and a negative correlation with emotional exhaustion, turnover intention and morbidity psychiatric. Therefore, according to religious coping's research, prayer personal and church attendance can be recommended as two of the ways to prevent job strain and burnout in the teacher work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chirico
- Centro Sanitario Polifunzionale, Milan, Italy.
- State Police Health Service Department, Ministry of Interior, Rome, Italy.
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[Subjective job strain and job satisfaction among neurologists in German hospitals]. DER NERVENARZT 2017; 87:629-33. [PMID: 26847570 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-016-0076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of sick leaves due to job strain is increasing. OBJECTIVE This study's scope is to examine working conditions of neurologists in hospitals in regard to job strain and job satisfaction. METHODS This study is part of the iCEPT-Study. The iCEPT-Study was conducted as a web based survey among physicians (n = 7090) in German hospitals. The focus was on working conditions regarding job strain. Job strain was measured by a questionnaire consisting of items and scales from the short version of the Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire and the short questionnaire for working analysis (KFZA). By calculation ratios of distinct scales according to validated stress models a conclusion could be drawn as to whether or not job strain was present. RESULTS The total number of n = 354 neurologists were analyzed. The response rate was at 18.2 %. Job strain was encountered by 52.0 % (95 %-KI: 46.7|57.2) of all neurologists and no significant gender difference was present. However, resident neurologists were significantly more often exposed to job strain than attending neurologists (OR = 2.9; 95 %-KI: 1.6-4.7; p < 0.001). Regarding job satisfaction, 59.6 % (95 %-KI: 54.5-64.7) of all respondents stated to be satisfied with their job. Significantly more men were satisfied than women (OR = 1.5; 95 %-KI: 1.0-2.4; p < 0.05). Putting the focus on different occupational positions revealed that significantly more attendings were satisfied with their job than residents (OR = 2.9; 95 %-KI: 1.7-4.8; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed high prevalence of job strain among neurologists in German hospitals. Keeping the negative implications of mental and physical health in mind, the working conditions of neurologists must be improved. As shown in this study, a possible way to do so is to increase job control in order to decrease a major stressor at work.
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Gracino ME, Zitta ALL, Mangili OC, Massuda EM. A saúde física e mental do profissional médico: uma revisão sistemática. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-1104201611019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo desta revisão sistemática da literatura foi de identificar as principais doenças que acometem os médicos em todo o mundo, mediante uma pesquisa eletrônica na base de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) baseada na metodologia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Prisma). Foram analisados 57 dos 374 artigos científicos encontrados sobre o tema em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados entre 2005 e 2015. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que os acometimentos mentais prevaleceram, destacando-se o esgotamento profissional (síndrome de burnout). Entre as doenças físicas, predominaram os acometimentos musculoesqueléticos.
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Higuchi Y, Inagaki M, Koyama T, Kitamura Y, Sendo T, Fujimori M, Uchitomi Y, Yamada N. A cross-sectional study of psychological distress, burnout, and the associated risk factors in hospital pharmacists in Japan. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:534. [PMID: 27392676 PMCID: PMC4939052 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opportunities for face-to-face communication with patients is increasing in modern hospital pharmacist practice. This may impose new burdens on hospital pharmacists. We performed a cross-sectional study to examine the prevalence of psychological distress, burnout, and compassion fatigue among hospital pharmacists. We also investigated possible relevant factors, such as sex, years of experience, hospital size, interpersonal work hours, and personality traits related to communication. Methods We mailed self-administered questionnaires to all pharmacists (n = 823) belonging to the prefectural society of hospital pharmacists in Japan. The questionnaires were the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Burnout (BO) and Compassion Fatigue and Secondary Traumatic Stress (CF/STS) subscales of the Professional Quality of Life Scale, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), and the Adult ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) Self-Report Scale (ASRS). We examined associations between personality traits (AQ, ASRS) and psychological burden (GHQ-12, BO, CF/STS) using rank ANCOVA or multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Complete responses were obtained from 380 pharmacists (46.2 % response rate). A substantial number of participants obtained scores that were higher than the cutoff points of the GHQ-12 (54.7 %), BO (49.2 %), and CF/STS (29.2 %). The GHQ-12 scores were negatively affected by years of experience (p < 0.001), and positively affected by AQ (p < 0.001) and ASRS (p < 0.001) scores. The BO scores was positively affected by AQ (p < 0.001) and ASRS (p = 0.001) scores, while the CF/STS (p = 0.023) score was negatively affected by years of experience, and positively affected by AQ (p < 0.001) and ASRS (p < 0.001) scores. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of psychological distress and work-related burnout/CF among hospital pharmacists. Additionally, two common personality traits, such as autistic-like traits and ADHD-like symptoms, which might be related to communication style, could increase the risk of psychological distress and burnout/CF. Early risk assessment and preventive interventions that are specialized for these characteristics could protect individuals with these specific traits from burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Higuchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inagaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Koyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kitamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sendo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujimori
- National Institute of Mental Health, Center for Suicide Prevention, National Center for Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Uchitomi
- Innovation Center for Supportive, Palliative and Psychosocial Care, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihito Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Alavi SS, Taghizadeh Dabbagh S, Abbasi M, Mehrdad R. Radiation Protection Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (RP-KAP) as Predictors of Job Stress Among Radiation Workers in Tehran Province, Iran. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e29394. [PMID: 28180020 PMCID: PMC5287052 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.29394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years, much attention has been paid to occupational stress, but relatively little or no research has been conducted on the influence of knowledge, attitude, and practice of radiation protection (RP-KAP) on job stress among radiation workers Objectives This study aims to assess job stress among health care workers in Iran who are occupationally exposed to radiation in order to determine the effects of KAP on self-protection against radiation on their job stress. Materials and Methods The population in this descriptive cross-sectional study comprised 670 healthcare workers, including 428 staff with a degree in radiology and 242 other medical personnel who were working in 16 hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in Tehran, Iran. The census method was used to sample the workers. In total, 264 staff with a degree in radiology and 149 other medical personnel completed the job content questionnaire (JCQ) and the RP-KAP questionnaire from May to November 2014. Results The prevalence rate of job stress was 22.5% based on calculation formulas and possible scores on the JCQ. Sex, RP-knowledge, attitude, practice, and in-service training predicted 41.8% of the variance in job stress. According to the results of the binary logistic regression, workers with higher scores on knowledge (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75 - 0.90), attitude (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.63 - 0.82), and practice (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72 - 0.86) and those who had participated in training programs had significantly lower rates of job stress (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.93). Conclusions The effects of RP knowledge, attitude, and practice on job stress were significant. In order to reduce job stress in radiation environments, ongoing training programs related to self-care and protection principles are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Shohreh Alavi
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Sima Taghizadeh Dabbagh
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Sima Taghizadeh Dabbagh, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9122490353, Fax: +98-66581563, E-mail:
| | - Mahya Abbasi
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Mehrdad
- Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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The Radiologist and Depression. J Am Coll Radiol 2016; 13:863-7. [PMID: 27085789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical depression affects physicians, including radiologists. Medical professionals, including radiologists, may be more comfortable treating a patient than being one, and psychiatric issues may be regarded as taboo for discussion, so the issue of clinical depression in the specialty and subspecialty has not received widespread attention. Specifically, a review of the national and international literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google reveals few publications dedicated to the issue of clinical depression in radiology; although statistically, they must exist. The purpose of this report is to define the terms and describe the manifestations and scope of the issues related to clinical depression, with special attention given to risk factors unique to radiologists, such as working in low ambient light or near different fields of magnetic strength. By the end of the article, it is the authors' hope that the reading radiologist will be aware of, and open to, the possibility of clinical depression in a colleague or within his or herself because clinical depression is common and it is important to get help.
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Garbarino S, Magnavita N. Work Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Police Officers. A Prospective Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144318. [PMID: 26641879 PMCID: PMC4671563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the association between occupational stress and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a rapid response police unit. METHOD Work-related stress was continuously monitored during the 5-year period with both the Demand-Control-Support (DCS) and the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models. Blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured at baseline in January 2009, and in January 2014. 234 out of 290 police officers (81%) completed the follow-up. RESULTS The majority of police officers had high stress levels. At follow-up, police officers in the highest quartile of stress had significantly higher mean levels of triglycerides, and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol than their colleagues in the lowest quartile. Police officers with high stress had an increased adjusted risk of developing MetS (aOR = 2.68; CI95% = 1.08-6.70), and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR = 7.86; CI95 = 1.29-48.04). Demand and Effort were significant predictors of MetS. CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that work-related stress induces MetS, particularly through its effects on blood lipids. Future longitudinal studies with continuous monitoring of stress levels will definitively confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- State Police Health Service Department, Ministry of the Interior, Rome, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Zeng Z, Guo Y, Lu L, Han L, Chen W, Ling L. Mental health status and work environment among workers in small- and medium-sized enterprises in Guangdong, China-a cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1162. [PMID: 25387579 PMCID: PMC4247769 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) generate nearly 80% of the jobs in China, but the dangerous work environment often found in these enterprises poses a major concern for public health. Psychosocial pressure and mental health problems among the workers are also common in SMEs. However, mental health of workers in SMEs is largely neglected in occupational health research and practice in China. The purpose of this study is to assess mental health of the workers and to explore the associations between physical and psychosocial work environment and workers' mental health in SMEs in South China. METHODS Data were collected in 2012 through a cross-sectional survey among 1200 workers working in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Guangdong, China. Mental health was measured by psychological well-being in the current study. Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model was used as a theoretical framework to examine the psychosocial factors associated with workers' psychological well-being. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and analysis was performed using bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS About three in ten workers (35.3%) in the sample had poor psychological well-being. Those who were men, younger in age, or migrant workers had worse psychological outcome in bivariate analyses. After controlling for individual variables (gender, age, marital status, and household registration), we found that longer weekly work hours (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.13 ~ 1.50), more exposure to hazardous work environment (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10 ~ 1.44), higher job demands (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12 ~ 1.49), and lower job autonomy (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60 ~ 0.81) were significant associated with worse psychological well-being. The results were consistent with predictions of the JDCS model. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the JDCS model is a useful framework in predicting psychological well-being among Chinese workers in SMEs. Future mental health promotion should focus on young migrant male workers as they appear to be most vulnerable in their psychological well-being. Both physical and psychosocial aspects of the work environment should be taken into account in policy making to prevent mental disorder and promote psychological well-being among workers in SMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Ling
- Sun Yat-sen Center for Migrant Health Policy, School of Public Health, SunYat-sen University, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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Cadieux N, Marchand A. Psychological distress in the workforce: a multilevel and longitudinal analysis of the case of regulated occupations in Canada. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:808. [PMID: 25099686 PMCID: PMC4132901 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study uses a multidimensional theoretical model to evaluate the role of regulated occupations and working conditions in explaining psychological distress. Methods Various multilevel regression analyses were conducted on longitudinal data for which measures repeated over time (n1 = 36,166) were nested in individuals (n2 = 7007). Results Results showed that when we controlled for working conditions, family situation, the social network outside the workplace, and personal characteristics, the level of psychological distress was significantly lower among professional workers in regulated occupations than among professionals not in regulated occupations. Among the working conditions studied, skill utilisation, psychological demands, and job insecurity were positively associated with psychological distress levels, whereas social support in the workplace was inversely related to distress. Finally, our results suggest that self-esteem reduced the effect of social support in the workplace on psychological distress levels in the workforce. Conclusions These results support our hypothesis that working in regulated occupations exerts a direct effect on mental health. These results also make clear the importance of developing new tools for measuring psychological distress among upper-level professional workers. Such tools will be much better suited to the realities characterising today's knowledge-based economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Cadieux
- Department of Management and HRM, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Association of work-related stress with depression and anxiety in radiologists. Radiol Med 2013; 119:359-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-013-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Magnavita N, Fileni A. Work stress and metabolic syndrome in radiologists: first evidence. Radiol Med 2013; 119:142-8. [PMID: 24297580 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-013-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Scientific data have amply demonstrated that work stress increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, less attention has been given to the association between stress and metabolic syndrome. In this study, our aim was to investigate the relationship between work stress and metabolic syndrome in a population of radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiologists and radiotherapists taking part in scientific conferences were invited to compile a questionnaire to evaluate work stress and the main parameters for diagnosing metabolic syndrome (obesity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol level, elevated triglycerides, and hyperglycemia). RESULTS Most of the doctors taking part in the survey (n = 383, 58.6 %) were found to have at least one pathological component; 47 subjects (7.1 %) had metabolic syndrome. All the variables indicating work stress, whether derived from Karasek's demand/control model or from the effort/reward model devised by Siegrist, were significant predictors of metabolic syndrome components. Radiologists with elevated levels of stress had a significantly higher risk of being affected by metabolic syndrome than colleagues with lower stress levels, whether stress was defined as "job strain", i.e., elevated work load and reduced discretionary power (OR 4.89, 95 % CI 2.51-9.55), or as "effort reward imbalance", i.e., mismatch between effort and reward for the work performed (OR 4.66, 95 % CI 2.17-10.02). CONCLUSIONS Should the results of this cross-sectional study be confirmed by a subsequent longitudinal survey, they would indicate the need for prompt organizational intervention to reduce occupational stress in radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Department of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy,
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Social Psychiatry in the Waiting Room: What a Physician Can Learn about Occupational Stress from Workers Waiting to Be Examined. PSYCHIATRY JOURNAL 2013; 2013:701872. [PMID: 24286068 PMCID: PMC3820074 DOI: 10.1155/2013/701872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background. Work-related stress is a major problem for mental health. The occupational physician has the opportunity to gather information on the perception of stress from workers in the course of regular medical examinations. Method. 1,231 subjects, engaged in 6 different occupations, were invited to compile the Demand/Control/Support and the Effort/Reward/Imbalance questionnaires. Results. A specific profile of work-related stress emerged for each group of workers. Radiology physicians reported high control over work, but also exceedingly high demand and effort, high overcommitment, low social support, and low rewards from work. Health care workers were often overcommitted but had high levels of reward and social support. Low levels of social support and reward were recorded for mature workers, while special force policemen engaged in law enforcement during the G8 meeting had high levels of social support and regards, so that their resulting stress levels were closer to the reference group of employees in an insurance company with no front-office. Conclusion. The practice of administering questionnaires to groups of workers who are subject to medical surveillance is useful for monitoring mental health and well-being.
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Renzi C, Di Pietro C, Tabolli S. Psychiatric morbidity and emotional exhaustion among hospital physicians and nurses: association with perceived job-related factors. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2012; 67:117-23. [PMID: 22524653 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2011.578682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate psychiatric morbidity and emotional exhaustion among physicians and nurses of a general hospital in central Italy, examining the association with perceived job-related factors. Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to all 323 hospital physicians and 609 nurses of a nonprofit health organization in Rome, Italy. Standardized instruments were used to evaluate psychiatric morbidity (General Health Questionnaire), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory), and perceived job-related factors. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between job-related factors, psychiatric morbidity, and burnout, controlling for demographic factors. Questionnaires were returned by 155 physicians and 216 nurses (overall response rate 40%). Estimated prevalence of psychiatric morbidity was 25% among physicians and 36.9% among nurses. Burnout on the emotional exhaustion scale affected 38.7% of physicians and 46.4% of nurses. Personnel with emotional exhaustion was at higher risk of psychiatric morbidity (p < .001). The likelihood of psychiatric morbidity among physicians was increased by perceived insufficient recognition of personal commitments by the unit's head (odds ratio [OR] = 4.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-15.1; p = .027), insufficient managerial ability of the unit's head (OR = 3.45; 95% CI 1.2-10.1; p = .023), and unsatisfactory communication (OR = 5.30; 95% CI 1.6-17.6; p = .006). Among nurses, psychiatric morbidity was associated with insufficient ability of the unit's head to solve conflicts, insufficient decisional power in relation to responsibilities, insufficient economic rewards and career possibilities, and working in surgery. Similar job-related factors were associated also with emotional exhaustion. Psychiatric morbidity and emotional exhaustion were relatively high, particularly among nurses. Specific job-related factors were associated with psychiatric morbidity and burnout. Improving these aspects is important for the well-being of hospital staff and the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Renzi
- Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Tsutsumi A, Kawanami S, Horie S. Effort-reward imbalance and depression among private practice physicians. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2011; 85:153-61. [PMID: 21655960 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-011-0656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Current private practice physicians provide medical services in a harsh economic situation. The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model puts its emphasis on an imbalance between high efforts spent and low rewards received in occupational life. ERI model includes three different reward factors from task to organizational levels. We examined whether ERI in terms of low organizational reward (poor prospective and job insecurity) could be the most relevant and strongly associated with depression among private practice physicians. METHODS This is a cross-sectional questionnaire study of 1,103 private practice physicians who were currently working in clinical settings and completed the data of exposure and outcome. The study questionnaire was mailed to all the physicians listed as members of a local branch of the Japan Medical Association (n = 3,441) between November and December 2008. Outcomes were prevalence of depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and adjusted odds ratios (OR) of depression with respect to ERI. RESULTS Fifty-seven percent of physicians were exposed to ERI, and 18% of the physicians were depressed. Logistic regression analyses revealed that ERI was significantly associated with depression (OR and 95% confidence interval = 3.57; 2.43-5.26). ERI with regard to organizational reward was most prevalent (60%) and had the strongest association with depression (5.14; 3.36-7.92). CONCLUSION Predominant prevalence of ERI in terms of organizational level low reward and strong associations between the ERI component and depression suggests that countermeasures from social perspective are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akizumi Tsutsumi
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu City, Japan.
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Klein J, Grosse Frie K, Blum K, von dem Knesebeck O. Psychosocial stress at work and perceived quality of care among clinicians in surgery. BMC Health Serv Res 2011; 11:109. [PMID: 21599882 PMCID: PMC3119178 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the association between job stress and job performance among surgeons, although physicians' well-being could be regarded as an important quality indicator. This paper examines associations between psychosocial job stress and perceived health care quality among German clinicians in surgery. Methods Survey data of 1,311 surgeons from 489 hospitals were analysed. Psychosocial stress at work was measured by the effort-reward imbalance model (ERI) and the demand-control model (job strain). The quality of health care was evaluated by physicians' self-assessed performance, service quality and error frequency. Data were collected in a nationwide standardised mail survey. 53% of the contacted hospitals sent back the questionnaire; the response rate of the clinicians in the participating hospitals was about 65%. To estimate the association between job stress and quality of care multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results Clinicians exposed to job stress have an increased risk of reporting suboptimal quality of care. Magnitude of the association varies depending on the respective job stress model and the indicator of health care quality used. Odds ratios, adjusted for gender, occupational position and job experience vary between 1.04 (CI 0.70-1.57) and 3.21 (CI 2.23-4.61). Conclusion Findings indicate that theoretical models of psychosocial stress at work can enrich the analysis of effects of working conditions on health care quality. Moreover, results suggest interventions for job related health promotion measures to improve the clinicians' working conditions, their quality of care and their patients' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Klein
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of Medical Sociology and Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Magnavita N, Heponiemi T. Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: an Italian experience. J Nurs Scholarsh 2011; 43:203-10. [PMID: 21605325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses and nursing students are exposed to workplace violence. OBJECTIVES To compare the characteristics and effects of violence in nursing students and nurses in order to assess the phenomenon and take preventive action. METHODS A retrospective survey was conducted in three Italian university schools of nursing. At the end of a lecture, 346 of 349 students agreed to fill out a questionnaire that included domains on violence, mental health, job stress, and organizational justice. This group was compared with 275 nurses from a general hospital (94.2% participation rate). RESULTS The prevalence of subjects reporting at least one upsetting episode of physical or verbal violence during their lifetime activity in clinical settings was 43% in nurses and 34% in nursing students. Nurses reported more physical assaults (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-6.18), threats (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.39-5.79), and sexual harassment (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.15-5.54) during the previous 12 months than students. Nurses were mostly assaulted or harassed by patients or their relatives and friends ("external" violence), whereas students often reported verbal and also physical violence on the part of colleagues, staff, and others, including teachers, doctors, and supervisors ("internal" violence). Verbal violence was associated with high levels of psychological problems, as measured by the 12-item version of the General Health Questionnaire, in both students and nurses. Verbal violence was also associated with high job strain, low social support, and low organizational justice, but only among nursing students. CONCLUSIONS Preventive action is urgently needed to control patient-to-worker and worker-to-worker violence in clinical settings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Not only nurses, but also nursing students, would benefit from multilevel programs of violence prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of Medicine, Rome, Italy.
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Wang LJ, Chen CK, Hsu SC, Lee SY, Wang CS, Yeh WY. Active job, healthy job? Occupational stress and depression among hospital physicians in Taiwan. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2010; 49:173-184. [PMID: 21173533 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.ms1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the levels and association of occupational stress and depression rate among physicians, and to compare physicians' occupational stress with that of Taiwanese employees in other occupations. The subjects were physicians employed at 14 participating regional hospitals in the Around Taiwan Health Care Alliance. Self-administered questionnaires capturing data on demographics, occupational characteristics, occupational stress measured using Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ), and health status measured using Taiwanese Depression Questionnaire (TDQ) were sent to eligible physicians. Results revealed that the depression rate (13.3%) was higher than that found in the general population (3.7%) of Taiwan. The mean scores of the JCQ dimensions "work demands" and "job control" were both much higher than those in most occupations in Taiwan. Higher depression scores were found in subjects with higher work demands, 8-10 d of being on duty per month, and more frequent alcohol consumption, while lower depression scores were found in subjects working in the east Taiwan area, with higher job control and with greater workplace social support. On the other hand, gender, smoking, and working hour were not independently correlated with depression, but the interaction of gender and job control also had an independent effect on depression. This study suggests that job stress plays an important role in depression in physicians; it is necessary to pay attention to physicians at high risk of depression, as well as their work environments, for early detection and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
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Critical issues in radiology requests and reports. Radiol Med 2010; 116:152-62. [PMID: 20852953 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-010-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the appropriateness and accuracy of 500 radiology requests and their matched reports in order to identify recurring errors in both areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS A randomly chosen sample consisting of 167 computed tomography (CT), 166 ultrasonography (US) and 167 radiographic examinations were collected and analysed according to national referral guidelines and to the principles of justification and optimisation (Law no. 187/2000). RESULTS We identified a high rate of inappropriate requests (27.6%) and requests lacking a clinical question (22%). There was good precision in the anamnestic data (80.6%) and in the formulation of the diagnostic question (76.8%). Almost all requests were handwritten, and 12.5% lacked the referring physician's stamp and/or signature. No report mentioned the clinical information received or the equipment used. The use of contrast medium was always reported. Conclusions were reported in 9.8% of these reports. When further investigation would have been necessary, the radiologist omitted to report this in 60% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Some important weaknesses emerged, especially regarding requests for radiological examinations (22% lacked the clinical question, 27.6% were inappropriate), potentially limiting the effectiveness of the diagnostic process and leading to negative effects on the correct risk management process. There emerges a need for better collaboration between clinicians and radiologists.
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von dem Knesebeck O, Klein J, Grosse Frie K, Blum K, Siegrist J. Psychosocial stress among hospital doctors in surgical fields: results of a nationwide survey in Germany. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 107:248-53. [PMID: 20436777 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to analyze psychosocial stress in the workplace among hospital doctors working in surgical fields in Germany with the aid of the demand-control model, the effort-reward imbalance model, and selected additional indicators. METHODS A written questionnaire was answered by a stratified random sample consisting of 1311 hospital doctors working in surgical fields in 489 hospitals in Germany. Validated instruments were used to make measurements according to the demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models. RESULTS The working conditions of about a quarter of the hospital doctors surveyed were characterized by an effort-reward imbalance. 22% of them have "job strain" according to the demand-control model, i.e., they are confronted with high demands, yet have a low degree of control. Residents and assistant physicians not occupying training positions were both found to have an especially high degree of psychosocial stress. Furthermore, about one-fifth of the hospital doctors surveyed thought about giving up their profession at least a few times per month. 44% of them considered that the quality of patient care was sometimes or often impaired by an excessive physician workload. CONCLUSION An investigation of psychosocial stress in the workplace among hospital doctors in surgical fields in Germany indicates that this group suffers from more severe stress at work than other occupational groups. Such working conditions pose a threat to these physicians' own health and to the quality of the health care that they provide.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to evaluate professional satisfaction among Italian radiologists and identify what personal characteristics of radiologists and features of their work and work setting affect job satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Satisfaction was assessed by using Warr et al.'s 17-item Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) in 206 radiologists, 108 radiotherapists and 34 specialists in infectious diseases used as controls. RESULTS Forty-nine per cent of diagnostic radiologists reported being satisfied with their jobs. The frequency is significantly lower than that found among radiotherapists (64%) and controls (62%). Middle-aged radiologists on lower rungs of the career ladder were more dissatisfied than were their older colleagues in top positions. Female radiologists were less satisfied than their male counterparts with regard to recognition for good work, amount of job variety and distribution of workloads. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that job satisfaction was especially affected by physical working conditions, freedom to choose one's own work method, relationship with one's immediate boss, attention paid to one's suggestions and the amount of job variety. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study identified the sources of professional satisfaction and dissatisfaction among radiologists. A future survey of a stratified random sample of Italian radiologists appears to be feasible.
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to evaluate professional satisfaction among Italian radiologists and identify what personal characteristics of radiologists and features of their work and work setting affect job satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Satisfaction was assessed by using Warr et al.'s 17-item Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) in 206 radiologists, 108 radiotherapists and 34 specialists in infectious diseases used as controls. RESULTS Forty-nine per cent of diagnostic radiologists reported being satisfied with their jobs. The frequency is significantly lower than that found among radiotherapists (64%) and controls (62%). Middle-aged radiologists on lower rungs of the career ladder were more dissatisfied than were their older colleagues in top positions. Female radiologists were less satisfied than their male counterparts with regard to recognition for good work, amount of job variety and distribution of workloads. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that job satisfaction was especially affected by physical working conditions, freedom to choose one's own work method, relationship with one's immediate boss, attention paid to one's suggestions and the amount of job variety. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study identified the sources of professional satisfaction and dissatisfaction among radiologists. A future survey of a stratified random sample of Italian radiologists appears to be feasible.
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Kubik-Huch RA, Klaghofer R, Römpler M, Weber A, Buddeberg-Fischer B. Workplace experience of radiographers: impact of structural and interpersonal interventions. Eur Radiol 2009; 20:377-84. [PMID: 19763583 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-009-1565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Kubik-Huch
- Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, CH-5404, Baden, Switzerland.
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Magnavita N, Bergamaschi A. Ethical problems in radiology: radiological consumerism. Radiol Med 2009; 114:1173-81. [PMID: 19662338 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-009-0438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the causes of the increasing request for radiological examinations occurring in all economically developed countries is the active role played by the patient-consumer. Consumerism places the radiologist in an ethical dilemma, between the principle of autonomy on the one hand and the ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice on the other. The choice made by radiologists in moral dilemmas is inspired by an adherence to moral principles, which in Italy and elsewhere refer to the Judaeo-Christian tradition or to neo-Darwinian relativism. Whatever the choice, the radiologist is bound to adhere to that choice and to provide the patient with all the relevant information regarding his or her state of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Magnavita
- Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
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