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Vizzini A, Alvarado P, Consiglio G, Marchetti M, Xu J. Family matters inside the order Agaricales: systematic reorganization and classification of incertae sedis clitocyboid, pleurotoid and tricholomatoid taxa based on an updated 6-gene phylogeny. Stud Mycol 2024; 107:67-148. [PMID: 38600959 PMCID: PMC11003440 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2024.107.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic position of several clitocyboid/pleurotoid/tricholomatoid genera previously considered incertae sedis is here resolved using an updated 6-gene dataset of Agaricales including newly sequenced lineages and more complete data from those already analyzed before. Results allowed to infer new phylogenetic relationships, and propose taxonomic novelties to accommodate them, including up to ten new families and a new suborder. Giacomia (for which a new species from China is here described) forms a monophyletic clade with Melanoleuca (Melanoleucaceae) nested inside suborder Pluteineae, together with the families Pluteaceae, Amanitaceae (including Leucocortinarius), Limnoperdaceae and Volvariellaceae. The recently described family Asproinocybaceae is shown to be a later synonym of Lyophyllaceae (which includes also Omphaliaster and Trichocybe) within suborder Tricholomatineae. The families Biannulariaceae, Callistosporiaceae, Clitocybaceae, Fayodiaceae, Macrocystidiaceae (which includes Pseudoclitopilus), Entolomataceae, Pseudoclitocybaceae (which includes Aspropaxillus), Omphalinaceae (Infundibulicybe and Omphalina) and the new families Paralepistaceae and Pseudoomphalinaceae belong also to Tricholomatineae. The delimitation of the suborder Pleurotineae (= Schizophyllineae) is discussed and revised, accepting five distinct families within it, viz. Pleurotaceae, Cyphellopsidaceae, Fistulinaceae, Resupinataceae and Schizophyllaceae. The recently proposed suborder Phyllotopsidineae (= Sarcomyxineae) is found to encompass the families Aphroditeolaceae, Pterulaceae, Phyllotopsidaceae, Radulomycetaceae, Sarcomyxaceae (which includes Tectella), and Stephanosporaceae, all of them unrelated to Pleurotaceae (suborder Pleurotineae) or Typhulaceae (suborder Typhulineae). The new family Xeromphalinaceae, encompassing the genera Xeromphalina and Heimiomyces, is proposed within Marasmiineae. The suborder Hygrophorineae is here reorganized into the families Hygrophoraceae, Cantharellulaceae, Cuphophyllaceae, Hygrocybaceae and Lichenomphaliaceae, to homogenize the taxonomic rank of the main clades inside all suborders of Agaricales. Finally, the genus Hygrophorocybe is shown to represent a distinct clade inside Cuphophyllaceae, and the new combination H. carolinensis is proposed. Taxonomic novelties: New suborder: Typhulineae Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado. New families: Aphroditeolaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Melanoleucaceae Locq. ex Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Paralepistaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Pseudoomphalinaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Volvariellaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Xeromphalinaceae Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado. New species: Giacomia sinensis J.Z. Xu. Stat. nov.: Cantharellulaceae (Lodge, Redhead, Norvell & Desjardin) Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Cuphophyllaceae (Z.M. He & Zhu L. Yang) Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Hygrocybaceae (Padamsee & Lodge) Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado, Lichenomphaliaceae (Lücking & Redhead) Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado. New combination: Hygrophorocybe carolinensis (H.E. Bigelow & Hesler) Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado. New synonyms: Sarcomyxineae Zhu L. Yang & G.S. Wang, Schizophyllineae Aime, Dentinger & Gaya, Asproinocybaceae T. Bau & G.F. Mou. Incertae sedis taxa placed at family level: Aphroditeola Redhead & Manfr. Binder, Giacomia Vizzini & Contu, Hygrophorocybe Vizzini & Contu, Leucocortinarius (J.E. Lange) Singer, Omphaliaster Lamoure, Pseudoclitopilus Vizzini & Contu, Resupinatus Nees ex Gray, Tectella Earle, Trichocybe Vizzini. New delimitations of taxa: Hygrophorineae Aime, Dentinger & Gaya, Phyllotopsidineae Zhu L. Yang & G.S. Wang, Pleurotineae Aime, Dentinger & Gaya, Pluteineae Aime, Dentinger & Gaya, Tricholomatineae Aime, Dentinger & Gaya. Resurrected taxa: Fayodiaceae Jülich, Resupinataceae Jülich. Citation: Vizzini A, Alvarado P, Consiglio G, Marchetti M, Xu J (2024). Family matters inside the order Agaricales: systematic reorganization and classification of incertae sedis clitocyboid, pleurotoid and tricholomatoid taxa based on an updated 6-gene phylogeny. Studies in Mycology 107: 67-148. doi: 10.3114/sim.2024.107.02.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R., Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - P. Alvarado
- ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera st., Severo Ochoa bldg. S1.04, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - G. Consiglio
- Via Ronzani 61, Casalecchio di Reno, 40033 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J. Xu
- Agricultural College, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin Province, P. R. China
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Fuljer F, Zajac M, Boertmann D, Szabóová D, Kautmanová I. Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata, a new grassland species from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Fungal Syst Evol 2022; 9:11-17. [PMID: 35978984 PMCID: PMC9355102 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata, a new waxcap species known from Slovakia and the Czech Republic, is characterised by its pale greyish coloured and often robust basidiomata (or sporocarps), nitrous smell, context without colour changes, hollow, contorted and compressed stipe and smooth or slightly fibrillose pileus surface. Based on morphology and DNA analysis of ITS and LSU sequences of the collected specimens, N. pseudoingrata belongs to Neohygrocybe sect. Neohygrocybe together with N. ovina, N. nitrata and N. ingrata. Collections of N. pseudoingrata form a well-supported clade in phylogenetic trees. Citation: Fuljer F, Zajac M, Boertmann D, Szabóová D, Kautmanová I (2022). Neohygrocybe pseudoingrata, a new grassland species from Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Fungal Systematics and Evolution9: 11–17. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2022.09.02
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Fuljer
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M. Zajac
- Administration of Protected Landscape Area Kysuce, U Tomali č. 1511, 022 01 Čadca, Slovakia
| | - D. Boertmann
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - D. Szabóová
- Slovak National Museum - Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, P.O. Box 13, 810 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - I. Kautmanová
- Slovak National Museum - Natural History Museum, Vajanského nábrežie 2, P.O. Box 13, 810 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Roy BA, Thomas DC, Soukup HC, Peterson IAB. Mycena citrinomarginata is associated with roots of the perennial grass Festuca roemeri in Pacific Northwest prairies. Mycologia 2021; 113:693-702. [PMID: 33956585 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1884814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prairies in the Pacific Northwest are dominated by perennial bunchgrasses. A Mycena in the citrinomarginata complex was observed to tightly co-occur with bunchgrasses at several prairie study sites. Mapping and spatial statistics showed that it was strongly and significantly associated with Festuca roemeri tussocks. We further found that this fungus is attached to F. roemeri roots (17/17 examined) and both specific primers and next-generation DNA sequencing established that the fungus is in the roots, suggesting that M. citrinomarginata may be endophytic or biotrophic in some contexts, and not simply saprotrophic. These results combined with a literature review indicate that Mycena species are often found as endophytes in grass roots. Given the importance of grasses and grasslands for humans, this ecological association deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitty A Roy
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, 5289, Oregon 97403
| | - Daniel C Thomas
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, 5289, Oregon 97403.,Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362
| | - Hannah C Soukup
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, 5289, Oregon 97403.,Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 3420 NW Orchard Avenue, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
| | - Ian A B Peterson
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, 5289, Oregon 97403
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Caboň M, Galvánek D, Detheridge AP, Griffith GW, Maráková S, Adamčík S. Mulching has negative impact on fungal and plant diversity in Slovak oligotrophic grasslands. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carey CJ, Glassman SI, Bruns TD, Aronson EL, Hart SC. Soil microbial communities associated with giant sequoia: How does the world's largest tree affect some of the world's smallest organisms? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6593-6609. [PMID: 32724535 PMCID: PMC7381575 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) is an iconic conifer that lives in relict populations on the western slopes of the California Sierra Nevada. In these settings, it is unusual among the dominant trees in that it associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi rather than ectomycorrhizal fungi. However, it is unclear whether differences in microbial associations extend more broadly to nonmycorrhizal components of the soil microbial community. To address this question, we used next-generation amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial/archaeal and fungal microbiomes in bulk soil (0-5 cm) beneath giant sequoia and co-occurring sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) individuals. We did this across two groves with distinct parent material in Yosemite National Park, USA. We found tree-associated differences were apparent despite a strong grove effect. Bacterial/archaeal richness was greater beneath giant sequoia than sugar pine, with a core community double the size. The tree species also harbored compositionally distinct fungal communities. This pattern depended on grove but was associated with a consistently elevated relative abundance of Hygrocybe species beneath giant sequoia. Compositional differences between host trees correlated with soil pH and soil moisture. We conclude that the effects of giant sequoia extend beyond mycorrhizal mutualists to include the broader community and that some but not all host tree differences are grove-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney I. Glassman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Thomas D. Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Emma L. Aronson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCAUSA
| | - Stephen C. Hart
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences and the Sierra Nevada Research InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
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Hughes KW, Matheny PB, Miller AN, Petersen RH, Iturriaga TM, Johnson KD, Methven AS, Raudabaugh DB, Swenie RA, Bruns TD. Pyrophilous fungi detected after wildfires in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park expand known species ranges and biodiversity estimates. Mycologia 2020; 112:677-698. [PMID: 32497465 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1740381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Following a late fall wildfire in 2016 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, pyrophilous fungi in burn zones were documented over a 2-y period with respect to burn severity and phenology. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) barcodes were obtained to confirm morphological evaluations. Forty-one taxa of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified from burn sites and categorized as fruiting only in response to fire or fruiting enhanced by fire. Twenty-two species of Pezizales (Ascomycota) were among the earliest to form ascomata in severe burn zones, only one of which had previously been documented in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Nineteen species of Basidiomycota, primarily Agaricales, were also documented. Among these, only five species (Coprinellus angulatus, Gymnopilus decipiens, Lyophyllum anthracophilum, Pholiota carbonicola, and Psathyrella pennata) were considered to be obligate pyrophilous taxa, but fruiting of two additional taxa (Hygrocybe conica and Mycena galericulata) was clearly enhanced by fire. Laccaria trichodermophora was an early colonizer of severe burn sites and persisted through the winter of 2017 and into spring and summer of 2018, often appearing in close association with Pinus pungens seedlings. Fruiting of pyrophilous fungi peaked 4-6 mo post fire then diminished, but some continued to fruit up to 2.5 y after the fire. In all, a total of 27 previously unrecorded taxa were added to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) database (~0.9%). Most pyrophilous fungi identified in this study are either cosmopolitan or have a Northern Hemisphere distribution, but cryptic endemic lineages were detected in Anthracobia and Sphaerosporella. One new combination, Hygrocybe spadicea var. spadicea f. odora, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen W Hughes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Andrew N Miller
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - Ronald H Petersen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Teresa M Iturriaga
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building , Ithaca, New York 14853-5904
| | - Kristine D Johnson
- Resource Management and Science Division, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 107 Park Headquarters Road, Gatlinburg, Tennessee 37738
| | - Andrew S Methven
- Department of Biology, Savannah State University , 3219 College Street, Savannah, Georgia 31404
| | - Daniel B Raudabaugh
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 1816 South Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois 61820.,Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , 606 Champaign, Illinois 61801
| | - Rachel A Swenie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Thomas D Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94520-3102
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Voitk A, Saar I, Lodge DJ, Boertmann D, Berch SM, Larsson E. New species and reports of Cuphophyllus from northern North America compared with related Eurasian species. Mycologia 2020; 112:438-452. [PMID: 32074023 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1703476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study describes four gray or brown species of Cuphophyllus (Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales), two of them new species, restricted to arctic-alpine and northern boreal zones of North America, and relates them morphologically and phylogenetically using multigene and nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS (ITS barcode) analyses to their similar, known counterparts. Cuphophyllus cinerellus, epitypified here, is shown to be a pan-palearctic species with sequence-confirmed collections from Fennoscandia and easternmost Asia. Occupying a similar habitat in the Nearctic is its sister species, the morphologically similar but novel C. esteriae, so far known only from eastern North America, including Greenland. Sister to the C. cinerellus-C. esteriae lineage, and known only from boreal raised Sphagnum bogs in Newfoundland, is a new medium-sized light cinereous brown species, C. lamarum. It has a yellow stipe but is phylogenetically distant from the yellow-stiped European C. flavipes and its North American sister species, Hygrophorus pseudopallidus. As cryptic speciation was discovered within C. flavipes, we lecto- and epitypify the name and transfer H. pseudopallidus to Cuphophyllus based on ITS analysis of the holotype. We also transfer the small European Hygrocybe comosa to Cuphophyllus based on morphology. Cuphophyllus hygrocyboides is reported from North America with the first sequence-confirmed collections from arctic-alpine British Columbia and Greenland. In addition, sequencing the holotype of C. subviolaceus identifies it as the sister species to the putative C. lacmus. Both species seem to have an intercontinental distribution. In total, we add new sequences to GenBank from 37 Cuphophyllus collections, including the holotypes of C. hygrocyboides and C. subviolaceus, the two new epitypes, and the two novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrus Voitk
- Foray Newfoundland and Labrador, 13 Maple Street, Humber Village, NL A2H 2N2, Canada
| | - Irja Saar
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila Street 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - D Jean Lodge
- Department of Plant Pathology, 2105 Miller Plant Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30606
| | - David Boertmann
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Shannon M Berch
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC V8W 9M1, Canada
| | - Ellen Larsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 461, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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9
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Biological and chemical diversity go hand in hand: Basidiomycota as source of new pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:107344. [PMID: 30738916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Basidiomycota constitutes the second largest higher taxonomic group of the Fungi after the Ascomycota and comprises over 30.000 species. Mycelial cultures of Basidiomycota have already been studied since the 1950s for production of antibiotics and other beneficial secondary metabolites. Despite the fact that unique and selective compounds like pleuromutilin were obtained early on, it took several decades more until they were subjected to a systematic screening for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. These efforts led to the discovery of the strobilurins and several hundreds of further compounds that mainly constitute terpenoids. In parallel the traditional medicinal mushrooms of Asia were also studied intensively for metabolite production, aimed at finding new therapeutic agents for treatment of various diseases including metabolic disorders and the central nervous system. While the evaluation of this organism group has in general been more tedious as compared to the Ascomycota, the chances to discover new metabolites and to develop them further to candidates for drugs, agrochemicals and other products for the Life Science industry have substantially increased over the past decade. This is owing to the revolutionary developments in -OMICS techniques, bioinformatics, analytical chemistry and biotechnological process technology, which are steadily being developed further. On the other hand, the new developments in polythetic fungal taxonomy now also allow a more concise selection of previously untapped organisms. The current review is dedicated to summarize the state of the art and to give an outlook to further developments.
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Halbwachs H, Easton GL, Bol R, Hobbie EA, Garnett MH, Peršoh D, Dixon L, Ostle N, Karasch P, Griffith GW. Isotopic evidence of biotrophy and unusual nitrogen nutrition in soil-dwelling Hygrophoraceae. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3573-3588. [PMID: 30105856 PMCID: PMC6849620 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the agaricoid, non-ectomycorrhizal members of the family Hygrophoraceae (waxcaps) are biotrophic with unusual nitrogen nutrition. However, methods for the axenic culture and lab-based study of these organisms remain to be developed, so our current knowledge is limited to field-based investigations. Addition of nitrogen, lime or organophosphate pesticide at an experimental field site (Sourhope) suppressed fruiting of waxcap basidiocarps. Furthermore, stable isotope natural abundance in basidiocarps were unusually high in 15 N and low in 13 C, the latter consistent with mycorrhizal nutritional status. Similar patterns were found in waxcap basidiocarps from diverse habitats across four continents. Additional data from 14 C analysis of basidiocarps and 13 C pulse label experiments suggest that these fungi are not saprotrophs but rather biotrophic endophytes and possibly mycorrhizal. The consistently high but variable δ15 N values (10-20‰) of basidiocarps further indicate that N acquisition or processing differ from other fungi; we suggest that N may be derived from acquisition of N via soil fauna high in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Halbwachs
- Bavarian Forest National ParkFreyunger Str. 2, 94481, GrafenauGermany
| | - Gary L. Easton
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAdeilad Cledwyn, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD, WalesUK
| | - Roland Bol
- Institute of Bio‐ and Geosciences, Agrosphere (IBG‐3). Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHWilhelm‐Johnen‐Straße, 52428, JülichGermany
| | - Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse HallUniversity of New Hampshire8 College Road, DurhamNH, 03824‐3525USA
| | - Mark H Garnett
- NERC Radiocarbon FacilityScottish Enterprise Technology ParkRankine Avenue, East Kilbride, G75 0QFScotland, UK
| | - Derek Peršoh
- Department of GeobotanyRuhr‐Universität BochumGebäude ND 03/170, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, BochumGermany
| | - Liz Dixon
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted ResearchNorth Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, EX20 2SBEngland, UK
| | - Nick Ostle
- Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityLancaster, LA1 4YQEngland, UK
| | - Peter Karasch
- German Mycological SocietyKirchl 78. D‐94545, HohenauGermany
| | - Gareth W. Griffith
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAdeilad Cledwyn, Penglais, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3DD, WalesUK
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Brunner I, Frey B, Hartmann M, Zimmermann S, Graf F, Suz LM, Niskanen T, Bidartondo MI, Senn-Irlet B. Ecology of Alpine Macrofungi - Combining Historical with Recent Data. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2066. [PMID: 29123508 PMCID: PMC5662630 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Historical datasets of living communities are important because they can be used to document creeping shifts in species compositions. Such a historical data set exists for alpine fungi. From 1941 to 1953, the Swiss geologist Jules Favre visited yearly the region of the Swiss National Park and recorded the occurring fruiting bodies of fungi >1 mm (so-called “macrofungi”) in the alpine zone. Favre can be regarded as one of the pioneers of alpine fungal ecology not least because he noted location, elevation, geology, and associated plants during his numerous excursions. However, some relevant information is only available in his unpublished field-book. Overall, Favre listed 204 fungal species in 26 sampling sites, with 46 species being previously unknown. The analysis of his data revealed that the macrofungi recorded belong to two major ecological groups, either they are symbiotrophs and live in ectomycorrhizal associations with alpine plant hosts, or they are saprotrophs and decompose plant litter and soil organic matter. The most frequent fungi were members of Inocybe and Cortinarius, which form ectomycorrhizas with Dryas octopetala or the dwarf alpine Salix species. The scope of the present study was to combine Favre's historical dataset with more recent data, either with the “SwissFungi” database or with data from major studies of the French and German Alps, and with the data from novel high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques of soils from the Swiss Alps. Results of the latter application revealed, that problems associated with these new techniques are manifold and species determination remains often unclear. At this point, the fungal taxa collected by Favre and deposited as exsiccata at the “Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève” could be used as a reference sequence dataset for alpine fungal studies. In conclusion, it can be postulated that new improved databases are urgently necessary for the near future, particularly, with regard to investigating fungal communities from alpine regions using new techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hartmann
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Zimmermann
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frank Graf
- Community Ecology, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Laura M Suz
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Tuula Niskanen
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Martin I Bidartondo
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Senn-Irlet
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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An exploration of the fungal assemblage in each life history stage of the butterfly, Lycaeides melissa (Lycaenidae), as well as its host plant Astragalus canadensis (Fabaceae). FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stadler M, Hoffmeister D. Fungal natural products-the mushroom perspective. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:127. [PMID: 25741334 PMCID: PMC4332364 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena, Germany
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Martin R, Gazis R, Skaltsas D, Chaverri P, Hibbett D. Unexpected diversity of basidiomycetous endophytes in sapwood and leaves of Hevea. Mycologia 2015; 107:284-97. [PMID: 25572095 DOI: 10.3852/14-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Research on fungal endophytes has expanded dramatically in recent years, but little is known about the diversity and ecological roles of endophytic basidiomycetes. Here we report the analysis of 310 basidiomycetous endophytes isolated from wild and planted populations of the rubber tree genus, Hevea. Species accumulation curves were nonasymptotic, as in the majority of endophyte surveys, indicating that more sampling is needed to recover the true diversity of the community. One hundred eighteen OTUs were delimited, representing nine orders of Basidiomycota (Agaricales, Atheliales, Auriculariales, Cantharellales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, Russulales, Septobasidiales, Tremellales). The diversity of basidiomycetous endophytes found inhabiting wild populations of Hevea was comparable to that present in plantations. However, when samples were segregated by tissue type, sapwood of wild populations was found to contain a higher number of species than sapwood of planted trees. Seventy-five percent of isolates were members of the Polyporales, the majority in the phlebioid clade. Most of the species belong to clades known to cause a white-rot type of wood decay. Two species in the insect-associated genus Septobasidium were isolated. The most frequently isolated genera included Bjerkandera, Ceriporia, Phanerochaete, Phlebia, Rigidoporus, Tinctoporellus, Trametes (Polyporales), Peniophora, Stereum (Russulales) and Coprinellus (Agaricales), all of which have been reported as endophytes from a variety of hosts, across wide geographic locations. Literature records on the geographic distribution and host association of these genera revealed that their distribution and substrate affinity could be extended if the endophytic niche was investigated as part of fungal biodiversity surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Martin
- Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610
| | - Romina Gazis
- Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610
| | - Demetra Skaltsas
- University of Maryland, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- University of Maryland, Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, 2112 Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, and Universidad de Costa Rica, Escuela de Biología, Apdo. 11501-2060, San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica
| | - David Hibbett
- Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610
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Lodge DJ, Padamsee M, Matheny PB, Aime MC, Cantrell SA, Boertmann D, Kovalenko A, Vizzini A, Dentinger BTM, Kirk PM, Ainsworth AM, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R, Larsson E, Lücking R, Griffith GW, Smith ME, Norvell LL, Desjardin DE, Redhead SA, Ovrebo CL, Lickey EB, Ercole E, Hughes KW, Courtecuisse R, Young A, Binder M, Minnis AM, Lindner DL, Ortiz-Santana B, Haight J, Læssøe T, Baroni TJ, Geml J, Hattori T. Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales). FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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