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Mirabile G, Ferraro V, Mancuso FP, Pecoraro L, Cirlincione F. Biodiversity of Fungi in Freshwater Ecosystems of Italy. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:993. [PMID: 37888249 PMCID: PMC10607542 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal biodiversity is still mostly unknown and their presence in particular ecosystems such as freshwater habitats is often underestimated. The ecological role that these fungi play in freshwater environments mainly concerns their activity as decomposers of litter and plant material. At present, it is estimated that 3870 species belong to the ecological group of freshwater fungi (13 phyla and 45 classes). In this survey, we provide an overview of the Italian freshwater fungal diversity on the basis of the field and literature data. In the literature, data on freshwater fungi are fragmentary and not updated, focusing mainly on northern Italy where the most important lakes and rivers are present, while data from central and southern Italy (including Sicily and Sardinia) are almost completely ineffective. In particular, Ascomycota are reported in only 14 publications, most of which concern the freshwater environments of Lombardia, Piemonte, and Veneto. Only one publication explores the biodiversity of freshwater Basidiomycota in the wetlands of the Cansiglio forest (Veneto). The field observation allowed for us to identify 38 species of Basidiomycota growing in riparian forest of Italy. However, the number of fungi in freshwater habitats of Italy is strongly underestimated and many species are still completely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mirabile
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.)
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61 (c/o Palazzo Steri), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Valeria Ferraro
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, University Campus “Ernesto Quagliariello”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Mancuso
- Department of Earth and Sea Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Fortunato Cirlincione
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg. 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.)
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Richness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brazilian Tropical Shallow Lake: Assessing an Unexpected Assembly in the Aquatic-Terrestrial Gradient. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are historically overlooked regarding the occurrence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). Tropical lakes in the southern hemisphere are generally impacted by human actions, such as those in Brazil, although they still preserve a great diversity of macrophyte species that can support AMF communities. Thus, the study aimed to test (i) whether AMF community structure (composition, richness, diversity, dominance, and evenness) differs between aquatic and terrestrial conditions, and (ii) between seasons—rainy and dry. A total of 60 AMF species, distributed in 10 families and 17 genera, were found, with a difference in AMF composition between conditions (terrestrial and aquatic) and seasons (dry and rainy). The absolute species richness differed between conditions, seasons, and interactions. The aquatic/rainy season, which retrieved the most significant number of species, had the highest absolute richness and number of glomerospores and differed significantly from the terrestrial/rainy season. The results suggest that a shallow oligotrophic lake harbors a high AMF richness. In addition, this environment has a distinct AMF community from the adjacent coastal sand plain vegetation and is affected by seasonality.
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Guillén A. Preparation of Samples for Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2232:43-51. [PMID: 33161538 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1040-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important element of the plant microbiome as they establish an endosymbiotic relationship with the roots of most plant species. This association enhances access to nutrients and water for plants, and provides the fungus with plant-derived organic carbon. In this chapter, I describe a range of methods to work with AMF including: soil sampling; isolation of AMF propagules (spores, sporocarps, roots, and mycelium) by a wet sieving and centrifugation in a sucrose solution; trap (from field soil with AMF spores) and one-species pot cultures (from AMF spores divided into morphotypes); staining of mycorrhizae in plant roots; and production of diagnostic slides. These methods are widely used in taxonomic and ecological studies to characterize the morphology of AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Guillén
- ERIBiotecMed and Department of Plant Biology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.
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Sudová R, Kohout P, Rydlová J, Čtvrtlíková M, Suda J, Voříšková J, Kolaříková Z. Diverse fungal communities associated with the roots of isoetid plants are structured by host plant identity. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hu S, Chen Z, Vosátka M, Vymazal J. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and physiological functions toward wetland plants under different water regimes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137040. [PMID: 32044486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been widely reported to occur in the association with wetland plants. However, the factors that affect AMF colonization in wetland plants and physiological functions in AMF inoculated wetland plants are poorly studied. This study investigated the effects of four water regimes (below the surface of sands: water levels of 5 cm, 9 cm, 11 cm, and fluctuating water depth (9-11 cm)) on AMF root colonization in two wetland plants (Phalaris arundinacea and Scirpus sylvaticus) which are commonly used in constructed wetland. Results showed that two lower water regimes were the most suitable for the formation of root colonization by AMF. Plant species did not show any significant difference in AMF colonization. The AMF colonization of 15.6-23.3% in the roots of both wetland plants were determined under the water regimes of 11 cm and 9-11 cm. In comparison to the non-inoculated plants, root length, shoot height, biomass, shoot total phosphorus and chlorophyll contents of both wetland plants under the fluctuating water regimes (9-11 cm) were increased by 35.4-46.2%, 13.1-26.6%, 33.3-114.3%, 25.7-80% and 14.3-24%, respectively. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in both AMF inoculated wetland plants were decreased under the lower water levels, the MDA contents under the water regime of 11 cm were still high. Therefore, these results indicated that the physiological functions in wetland plants with high AMF colonization might be improved under a specific water regime condition (e.g. depth of fluctuating water regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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Rhizoglomus venetianum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species from a heavy metal-contaminated site, downtown Venice in Italy. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pierart A, Dumat C, Maes AQ, Roux C, Sejalon-Delmas N. Opportunities and risks of biofertilization for leek production in urban areas: Influence on both fungal diversity and human bioaccessibility of inorganic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1140-1151. [PMID: 29929226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The influence of biofertilization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on trace metal and metalloids (TM) - Pb, Cd and Sb - uptake by leek (Allium porrum L.) grown in contaminated soils was investigated. The effect of biofertilization on human bioaccessibility of the TM in the plants was also examined. Leek were cultivated in one soil with geogenic TM sources and one soil with anthropogenic TM, to assess the influence of pollutant origin on soil-plant transfer. Leek were grown for six months on these contaminated soils, with and without a local AMF based biofertilizer. Fungal communities associated with leek roots were identified by high throughput sequencing (illumina Miseq®) metagenomic analysis. The TM compartmentation was studied using electron microscopy in plants tissues. In all the soils, biofertilization generated a loss of diversity favoring the AM fungal species Rhizophagus irregularis, which could explain the observed modification of metal transfer at the soil-AMF-plant interface. The human bioaccessibility of Sb increased in biofertilized treatments. Consequently, this latter result highlights a potential health risk of the use of this fertilization technique on contaminated soil since further field investigation is performed to better understand the mechanisms governing (1) the effect of AMF on TM bioaccessibility and (2) the evolution of AMF communities in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camille Dumat
- CERTOP, CNRS-UT2J-UPS, France; INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, France
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Crossay T, Cilia A, Cavaloc Y, Amir H, Redecker D. Four new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with endemic plants from ultramafic soils of New Caledonia. Mycol Prog 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-018-1386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ban Y, Jiang Y, Li M, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wu Y, Xu Z. Homogenous stands of a wetland grass living in heavy metal polluted wetlands harbor diverse consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:699-709. [PMID: 28477526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in wetland habitats had received increased attention, however, their distribution and functions have not been studied intensively. Using Illumina sequencing technology, we examined the AM fungal communities in roots of Phragmites australis living in 3 heavy metals (HMs) polluted wetlands located in Hubei Province, China. A total of 258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 235,213 sequences affiliated with 6 Glomeromycota families (Glomeraceae, Paraglomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Ambisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, and Diversisporaceae) were obtained, with Glomeraceae and Paraglomeraceae being the most and second-most dominant family, respectively. P. australis living in the HMs polluted wetlands harbored diverse AM fungi, including many non-recorded species in upland habitats, and the OTU number which we obtained in this study was higher than most of the records of upland habitats. Dry and waterlogged samples had common OTUs, however, AM fungal communities at different levels in dry and corresponding waterlogged P. australis roots were significant different. In addition, results from this study suggested that a preemption (geometric model) species abundance distributions (SAD), which might due to the distinctive features, e.g. heavy overdominance and difference in the most dominant taxon of each sample, was observed across AM fugal taxa in P. australis roots of the 3 HMs polluted wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yinghe Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangling Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhouying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Rodríguez-Echeverría S, Teixeira H, Correia M, Timóteo S, Heleno R, Öpik M, Moora M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities from tropical Africa reveal strong ecological structure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:380-390. [PMID: 27560189 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the rules that govern AMF assemblages has been hampered by a lack of data from natural ecosystems. In addition, the current knowledge on AMF diversity is biased towards temperate ecosystems, whereas little is known about other habitats such as dry tropical ecosystems. We explored the diversity and structure of AMF communities in grasslands, savannas, dry forests and miombo in a protected area under dry tropical climate (Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique) using 454 pyrosequencing. In total, 147 AMF virtual taxa (VT) were detected, including 22 VT new to science. We found a high turnover of AMF with ˂ 12% of VT present in all vegetation types. Forested areas supported more diverse AMF communities than savannas and grassland. Miombo woodlands had the highest AMF richness, number of novel VT, and number of exclusive and indicator taxa. Our data reveal a sharp differentiation of AMF communities between forested areas and periodically flooded savannas and grasslands. This marked ecological structure of AMF communities provides the first comprehensive landscape-scale evidence that, at the background of globally low endemism of AMF, local communities are shaped by regional processes including environmental filtering by edaphic properties and natural disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cda Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Teixeira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cda Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cda Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Timóteo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cda Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cda Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mari Moora
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 40 Lai St, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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Uniting species- and community-oriented approaches to understand arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moora M, Öpik M, Davison J, Jairus T, Vasar M, Zobel M, Eckstein RL. AM fungal communities inhabiting the roots of submerged aquatic plant Lobelia dortmanna are diverse and include a high proportion of novel taxa. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:735-45. [PMID: 27246225 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
While the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is known to be widespread in terrestrial ecosystems, there is growing evidence that aquatic plants also form the symbiosis. It has been suggested that symbiosis with AM fungi may represent an important adaptation for isoëtid plants growing on nutrient-poor sediments in oligotrophic lakes. In this study, we address AM fungal root colonization intensity, richness and community composition (based on small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing) in five populations of the isoëtid plant species Lobelia dortmanna inhabiting oligotrophic lakes in Southern Sweden. We found that the roots of L. dortmanna hosted rich AM fungal communities and about 15 % of the detected molecular taxa were previously unrecorded. AM fungal root colonization intensity and taxon richness varied along an environmental gradient, being higher in oligotrophic and lower in mesotrophic lakes. The overall phylogenetic structure of this aquatic fungal community differed from that described in terrestrial systems: The roots of L. dortmanna hosted more Archaeosporaceae and fewer Glomeraceae taxa than would be expected based on global data from terrestrial AM fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Moora
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Öpik
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - John Davison
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Teele Jairus
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Martti Vasar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Zobel
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Lutz Eckstein
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences-Biology, Karlstad University, SE-651 88, Karlstad, Sweden
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Błaszkowski J, Furrazola E, Chwat G, Góralska A, Lukács AF, Kovács GM. Three new arbuscular mycorrhizal Diversispora species in Glomeromycota. Mycol Prog 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-015-1122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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