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Silva DF, Mazza Rodrigues JL, Erikson C, Silva AMM, Huang L, Araujo VLVP, Matteoli FP, Mendes LW, Araujo ASF, Pereira APA, Melo VMM, Cardoso EJBN. Grazing exclusion-induced changes in soil fungal communities in a highly desertified Brazilian dryland. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127763. [PMID: 38805979 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Soil desertification poses a critical ecological challenge in arid and semiarid climates worldwide, leading to decreased soil productivity due to the disruption of essential microbial community processes. Fungi, as one of the most important soil microbial communities, play a crucial role in enhancing nutrient and water uptake by plants through mycorrhizal associations. However, the impact of overgrazing-induced desertification on fungal community structure, particularly in the Caatinga biome of semiarid regions, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the changes in both the total fungal community and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community (AMF) across 1. Natural vegetation (native), 2. Grazing exclusion (20 years) (restored), and 3. affected by overgrazing-induced degradation (degraded) scenarios. Our assessment, conducted during both the dry and rainy seasons in Irauçuba, Ceará, utilized Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene sequencing via Illumina® platform. Our findings highlighted the significant roles of the AMF families Glomeraceae (∼71% of the total sequences) and Acaulosporaceae (∼14% of the total sequences) as potential key taxa in mitigating climate change within dryland areas. Moreover, we identified the orders Pleosporales (∼35% of the total sequences) and Capnodiales (∼21% of the total sequences) as the most abundant soil fungal communities in the Caatinga biome. The structure of the total fungal community differed when comparing native and restored areas to degraded areas. Total fungal communities from native and restored areas clustered together, suggesting that grazing exclusion has the potential to improve soil properties and recover fungal community structure amid global climate change challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo F Silva
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Soil Science Department, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Soil EcoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jorge L Mazza Rodrigues
- Soil EcoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Christian Erikson
- Soil EcoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Antonio M M Silva
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Soil Science Department, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laibin Huang
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor L V P Araujo
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Soil Science Department, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe P Matteoli
- Laboratory of Microbial Bioinformatic, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas W Mendes
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Elke J B N Cardoso
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Soil Science Department, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Two new root endophyte and nematode cyst parasite species of the widely distributed genus Laburnicola. Mycol Prog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-022-01849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFungal root endophytes, including the common form group of dark septate endophytes (DSEs), represent different taxonomic groups with potentially diverse life strategies. During surveys of DSE communities and of nematode cysts colonizing fungi, isolates representing Laburnicola (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) lineages were discovered. Here we carried out a comprehensive study of the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of fungi collected from plant roots in Hungary, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan and from eggs of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi in Turkey. In addition to the study of the morphology and culture characteristics of the strains, four loci (internal transcribed spacer, partial large and small subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha) were used to infer the molecular phylogenetic relationships of the strains within Laburnicola. The isolates were found to represent two distinct lineages, which are described here as novel species, Laburnicola nematophila and L. radiciphila. The interaction of the strains with plants and nematodes was examined using in vitro bioassays, which revealed endophytic interactions with the plant roots and parasitic interactions with the nematode eggs. Analyses of similar ITS sequences found in public databases revealed that members of the genus Laburnicola are widely distributed characteristic members of the plant microbiome, and they are reported as parasites of plant parasitic cyst nematodes here for the first time.
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Romero-Jiménez MJ, Rudgers JA, Jumpponen A, Herrera J, Hutchinson M, Kuske C, Dunbar J, Knapp DG, Kovács GM, Porras-Alfaro A. Darksidea phi, sp. nov., a dark septate root-associated fungus in foundation grasses in North American Great Plains. Mycologia 2022; 114:254-269. [PMID: 35394886 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2031780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Darksidea is a common genus of dark septate fungi-a group of ascomycetes in semiarid regions. A survey reported D. alpha and a distinct Darksidea lineage as abundant root-associated fungi of foundational grasses in North America. Fungi were isolated, and metabarcode data were obtained from sequencing of fungal communities of grass roots in the United States. During a comprehensive investigation of the Darksidea lineage, we carried out polyphasic taxonomy, genomic characterization, and identification of host associations, geographic distribution, and environmental factors that correlate with its abundance. For molecular phylogenetic studies, seven loci were sequenced. Isolates of the distinct Darksidea had variable colony morphology. No sexual reproductive structures were detected, but chlamydospores were frequently observed. The complete genome of an isolate of the lineage was sequenced with a size of 52.3 Mb including 14 707 gene models. Based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the novel species Darksidea phi, sp. nov. Metabarcoding data showed that D. phi distribution and relative abundance were not limited to semiarid regions or a specific grass species, suggesting low host specificity among graminoids. This new species, D. phi, expands the distribution of the genus in the United States beyond prior reports from arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Romero-Jiménez
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Environmental Studies, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois 61455
| | - Jennifer A Rudgers
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - José Herrera
- Office of the Provost and Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614
| | | | - Cheryl Kuske
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - John Dunbar
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545
| | - Dániel G Knapp
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Porras-Alfaro
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute for Environmental Studies, Western Illinois University, Macomb, Illinois 61455.,Division of Environmental Biology, National Science Foundation, Alexandria, Virginia 22314
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