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Ground M, Park YE, Waqanivavalagi S, Callon K, Walker R, Milsom P, Cornish J. Generating robust human valvular interstitial cell cultures: Protocol and considerations. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 173:118-126. [PMID: 36327771 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research in heart valve biology is a growing field that has yet to elucidate the fundamentals of valve disease. Human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs) are the best option for studying the cellular mechanisms behind valvular pathologies. However, there is a wide range of isolation procedures for these cells published in the literature. To what extent various isolation methods, patient pathologies, and seeding densities influence the behaviour of hVICs remains unclear. Here, we present an optimised method of hVIC isolation from diseased human valves donated at the time of surgery. We show that two rounds of 1000 U/mL collagenase digestion for not >2 h results in a phenotypically stable cell culture with a near complete absence of endothelial cell contamination. We also suggest that cells should be seeded at 10,000 cells/cm2 for experimentation. We found that patient pathology does not affect the success of the isolation procedure, and that instead, successful cultures are predicted by ensuring >500 mg valve tissue as starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Ground
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Young Eun Park
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Steve Waqanivavalagi
- Green Lane Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Grafton, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Karen Callon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Robert Walker
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paget Milsom
- Green Lane Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Grafton, New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Grafton, New Zealand
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He F, Li L, Li PP, Deng Y, Yang YY, Deng YX, Luo HH, Yao XT, Su YX, Gan H, He BC. Cyclooxygenase-2/sclerostin mediates TGF-β1-induced calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells and rats undergoing renal failure. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21220-21235. [PMID: 33159018 PMCID: PMC7695383 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we studied the effect and possible mechanism of TGF-β1 on vascular calcification. We found that the serum levels of TGF-β1 and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) were significantly increased in patients with chronic kidney disease. Phosphate up regulated TGF-β1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). TGF-β1 decreased the markers of VSMCs, but increased osteogenic markers and calcification in aortic segments. The phosphate-induced osteogenic markers were reduced by the TGFβR I inhibitor (LY364947), which also attenuated the potential of phosphate to reduce VSMC markers in VSMCs. Both phosphate and TGF-β1 increased the protein level of β-catenin, which was partially mitigated by LY364947. TGF-β1 decreased sclerostin, and exogenous sclerostin decreased the mineralization induced by TGF-β1. LY364947 reduced the phosphate and TGF-β1 induced COX-2. Meanwhile, the effects of TGF-β1 on osteogenic markers, β-catenin, and sclerostin, were partially reversed by the COX-2 inhibitor. Mechanistically, we found that p-Smad2/3 and p-CREB were both enriched at the promoter regions of sclerostin and β-catenin. TGF-β1 and COX-2 were significantly elevated in serum and aorta of rats undergoing renal failure. Therapeutic administration of meloxicam effectively ameliorated the renal lesion. Our results suggested that COX-2 may mediate the effect of TGF-β1 on vascular calcification through down-regulating sclerostin in VMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Pei-Pei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong-Hong Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin-Tong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu-Xi Su
- Department of Orthopedic, Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Gonzalez BA, Perez-Nevarez M, Mirza A, Perez MG, Lin YM, Hsu CPD, Caobi A, Raymond A, Gomez Hernandez ME, Fernandez-Lima F, George F, Ramaswamy S. Physiologically Relevant Fluid-Induced Oscillatory Shear Stress Stimulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances the Engineered Valve Matrix Phenotype. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:69. [PMID: 32509802 PMCID: PMC7248568 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Support of somatic growth is a fundamental requirement of tissue-engineered valves. However, efforts thus far have been unable to maintain this support long term. A key event that will determine the valve's long-term success is the extent to which healthy host tissue remodeling can occur on the valve soon after implantation. The construct's phenotypic-status plays a critical role in accelerating tissue remodeling and engineered valve integration with the host via chemotaxis. In the current study, human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were utilized to seed synthetic, biodegradable scaffolds for a period of 8 days in rotisserie culture. Subsequently, cell-seeded scaffolds were exposed to physiologically relevant oscillatory shear stresses (overall mean, time-averaged shear stress, ~7.9 dynes/cm2; overall mean, oscillatory shear index, ~0.18) for an additional 2 weeks. The constructs were found to exhibit relatively augmented endothelial cell expression (CD31; compared to static controls) but concomitantly served to restrict the level of the activated smooth muscle phenotype (α-SMA) and also produced very low stem cell secretion levels of fibronectin (p < 0.05 compared to static and rotisserie controls). These findings suggest that fluid-induced oscillatory shear stresses alone are important in regulating a healthy valve phenotype of the engineered tissue matrix. Moreover, as solid stresses could lead to increased α-SMA levels, they should be excluded from conditioning during the culture process owing to their associated potential risks with pathological tissue remodeling. In conclusion, engineered valve tissues derived from mesenchymal stem cells revealed both a relatively robust valvular phenotype after exposure to physiologically relevant scales of oscillatory shear stress and may thereby serve to accelerate healthy valve tissue remodeling in the host post-implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Manuel Perez-Nevarez
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asad Mirza
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marcos Gonzalez Perez
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yih-Mei Lin
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chia-Pei Denise Hsu
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Allen Caobi
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Andrea Raymond
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mario E Gomez Hernandez
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Facility, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Florence George
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sharan Ramaswamy
- Cardiovascular Therapeutics Laboratory (CV-PEUTICS Lab), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Vianello E, Marrocco-Trischitta Massimiliano M, Dozio E, Bandera F, Tacchini L, Canciani E, Dellavia C, Schmitz G, Lorenzo M, Corsi Romanelli Massimiliano M. Correlational study on altered epicardial adipose tissue as a stratification risk factor for valve disease progression through IL-13 signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:210-218. [PMID: 31102584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Genetic and environmental factors all interact in the risk of progression of valvular dysfunctions. Previous studies reported a relation between valve diseases and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness. The aim of this study was to verify the possible relationship between the molecular pattern of EAT related to IL-13 fibrogenic cytokine expression and valve dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS A valvular heart disease (VHD) population was stratified according to their median EAT thickness (7 mm). The molecular expression of IL-13 in EAT is directly related to the molecular expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, macrophage infiltration and promotion of the formation of ectopic calcific nodules involved in aorta coarctation and calcification. CONCLUSION IL-13 gene expression in altered EAT is directly related to the expression of genes involved in ECM turnover and the formation of ectopic calcific nodules, suggesting measurements of EAT as a stratification risk factor for valve instability in the VHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Canciani
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Dellavia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Menicanti Lorenzo
- Department of Cardio-Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marco Corsi Romanelli Massimiliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; U.O.C. SMEL-1 of Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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