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Wang Q, Xue C, zhao H, Qin Y, Zhang X, Li Y. The fabrication of protein microbubbles with diverse gas core and the novel exploration on the role of interface introduction in protein crystallization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ali F, Mangi MA, Rehman H, Kaluski E. Use of carbon dioxide as an intravascular contrast agent: A review of current literature. World J Cardiol 2017; 9:715-722. [PMID: 29081903 PMCID: PMC5633534 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v9.i9.715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of X-ray contrast allows us to differentiate between two or more adjacent structures on radiographic studies. The X-ray contrast agent can be the one with increase X-ray absorption, like iodine and a barium X-ray contrast agent or the one with decrease X-ray absorption like air and carbon dioxide contrast agent. Each contrast agent possesses different risks and benefits in various ways. Carbon dioxide as an intravascular contrast agent can be used as an alternative intravascular contrast agent and has superior results in some cases. In patients with renal dysfunction or iodinated contrast allergy, the use of Iodinated Contrast Agent poses the risk of considerable morbidity. Similarly, use of Gadolinium is discouraged in subject with severe renal dysfunction. Use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as an intravascular contrast, offers an alternative in such patients for certain procedures, as it is not nephrotoxic and it does not incite allergic reactions. It is inexpensive, readily available and due to its unique physical properties, it can be used to image a wide variety of vascular beds and chambers. The aim of this paper is to systemically review the current literature to describe the indications, contraindications, adverse effects, instruments, precautions, latest methodologies and data supporting for the use of CO2 as a contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Ali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, PA 18105, United States
| | - Muhammad Asif Mangi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Hiba Rehman
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Edo Kaluski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Guthrie Robert Packer Hospital and Guthrie Health Services, Sayre, PA 18840, United States
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Ramaswamy K, Marx V, Laser D, Kenny T, Chi T, Bailey M, Sorensen MD, Grubbs RH, Stoller ML. Targeted microbubbles: a novel application for the treatment of kidney stones. BJU Int 2015; 116:9-16. [PMID: 25402588 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is endemic. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was the first major technological breakthrough where focused shockwaves were used to fragment stones in the kidney or ureter. The shockwaves induced the formation of cavitation bubbles, whose collapse released energy at the stone, and the energy fragmented the kidney stones into pieces small enough to be passed spontaneously. Can the concept of microbubbles be used without the bulky machine? The logical progression was to manufacture these powerful microbubbles ex vivo and inject these bubbles directly into the collecting system. An external source can be used to induce cavitation once the microbubbles are at their target; the key is targeting these microbubbles to specifically bind to kidney stones. Two important observations have been established: (i) bisphosphonates attach to hydroxyapatite crystals with high affinity; and (ii) there is substantial hydroxyapatite in most kidney stones. The microbubbles can be equipped with bisphosphonate tags to specifically target kidney stones. These bubbles will preferentially bind to the stone and not surrounding tissue, reducing collateral damage. Ultrasound or another suitable form of energy is then applied causing the microbubbles to induce cavitation and fragment the stones. This can be used as an adjunct to ureteroscopy or percutaneous lithotripsy to aid in fragmentation. Randall's plaques, which also contain hydroxyapatite crystals, can also be targeted to pre-emptively destroy these stone precursors. Additionally, targeted microbubbles can aid in kidney stone diagnostics by virtue of being used as an adjunct to traditional imaging methods, especially useful in high-risk patient populations. This novel application of targeted microbubble technology not only represents the next frontier in minimally invasive stone surgery, but a platform technology for other areas of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Ramaswamy
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vanessa Marx
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kenny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Chi
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bailey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mathew D Sorensen
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Himoto T, Kurokohchi K, Watanabe S, Masaki T. Recent advances in radiofrequency ablation for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2012; 12:e5945. [PMID: 23162600 PMCID: PMC3496873 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CONTEXTS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world. Because less than 20% of patients with HCC are resectable, various types of non-surgical treatment have been developed. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION At present, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is accepted as the standard local treatment for patients with HCC because of its superior local control and overall survival compared to other local treatments. RESULTS New devices for RFA and combination treatments of RFA with other procedures have been developed to improve anti-tumoral effects. CONCLUSIONS This review mainly focuses on the status of RFA in the management of HCC and recent advances in RFA treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Himoto
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
- Corresponding author: Takashi Himoto, Department of Integrated Medicine, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan. Tel.: +81-878912349, Fax: +81-878644631, E-mail:
| | - Kazutaka Kurokohchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Seishiro Watanabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Neurology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Minami Y, Kudo M. Review of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance in ablation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4952-9. [PMID: 22174544 PMCID: PMC3236587 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i45.4952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Local ablative techniques-percutaneous ethanol injection, microwave coagulation therapy and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)-have been developed to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The success rate of percutaneous ablation therapy for HCC depends on correct targeting of the tumor via an imaging technique. However, probe insertion often is not completely accurate for small HCC nodules, which are poorly defined on conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) alone. Thus, multiple sessions of ablation therapy are frequently required in difficult cases. By means of two breakthroughs in US technology, harmonic imaging and the development of second-generation contrast agents, dynamic contrast-enhanced harmonic US imaging with an intravenous contrast agent can depict tumor vascularity sensitively and accurately, and is able to evaluate small hypervascular HCCs even when B-mode US cannot adequately characterize the tumors. Therefore, dynamic contrast-enhanced US can facilitate RFA electrode placement in hypervascular HCC, which is poorly depicted by B-mode US. The use of dynamic contrast-enhanced US guidance in ablation therapy for liver cancer is an efficient approach. Here, we present an overview of the current status of dynamic contrast-enhanced US-guided ablation therapy, and summarize the current indications and outcomes of reported clinical use in comparison with that of other modalities.
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Miyamoto N, Hiramatsu K, Tsuchiya K, Sato Y. Contrast-enhanced sonography-guided radiofrequency ablation for the local recurrence of previously treated hepatocellular carcinoma undetected by B-mode sonography. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2010; 38:339-345. [PMID: 20572066 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND.: The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid to demonstrate local recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and not seen on conventional sonography, prior to repeat RFA. METHODS.: This study included 16 cirrhotic patients with 17 cases of hypervascular locally recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma found by contrast-enhanced multidetector row CT (MDCT) but not seen on noncontrast sonography. We used Kupffer-phase imaging and vascular-phase imaging after re-injection. The morphologic patterns of local recurrence detected on CEUS were compared with those on MDCT. We performed repeat RFA guided by CEUS using Kupffer-phase imaging after re-injection. RESULTS.: We were able to detect on CEUS the location of all local recurrences with positive enhancement after re-injection. The morphologic patterns of local recurrence on CEUS were in concordance with those found on MDCT in all lesions. Repeat percutaneous RFA was successfully performed in all lesions. CONCLUSIONS.: The CEUS appearance of local recurrences correlated well with those on MDCT. A wider use of CEUS to guide repeat of percutaneous RFA may be possible with Sonazoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Radiology, Obihiro Kosei Hospital, 1, W6, S8, Obihiro-shi, Hokkaido 080-0013, Japan
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Minami Y, Kudo M. Contrast-enhanced harmonic ultrasound imaging in ablation therapy for primary hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Radiol 2009; 1:86-91. [PMID: 21160724 PMCID: PMC2999306 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v1.i1.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The success rate of percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) depends on correct targeting via an imaging technique. However, RF electrode insertion is not completely accurate for residual HCC nodules because B-mode ultrasound (US), color Doppler, and power Doppler US findings cannot adequately differentiate between treated and viable residual tumor tissue. Electrode insertion is also difficult when we must identify the true HCC nodule among many large regenerated nodules in cirrhotic liver. Two breakthroughs in the field of US technology, harmonic imaging and the development of second-generation contrast agents, have recently been described and have demonstrated the potential to dramatically broaden the scope of US diagnosis of hepatic lesions. Contrast-enhanced harmonic US imaging with an intravenous contrast agent can evaluate small hypervascular HCC even when B-mode US cannot adequately characterize tumor. Therefore, contrast-enhanced harmonic US can facilitate RF ablation electrode placement in hypervascular HCC, which is poorly depicted by B-mode US. The use of contrast-enhanced harmonic US in ablation therapy for liver cancer is an efficient approach.
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Miyamoto N, Hiramatsu K, Tsuchiya K, Sato Y, Terae S, Shirato H. Sonazoid-enhanced sonography for guiding radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma: better tumor visualization by Kupffer-phase imaging and vascular-phase imaging after reinjection. Jpn J Radiol 2009; 27:185-93. [PMID: 19499310 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-009-0317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of contrast harmonic sonography with a newly developed sonographic contrast agent as a means of guidance for percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 52 consecutive HCC lesions in 42 patients with HCC who underwent percutaneous RF ablation were included in this study. Altogether, 40 lesions in 35 patients were untreated HCC, and 12 lesions in 7 patients were local tumor progression of an HCC that had already been treated by other methods. We investigated tumors by Kupffer-phase imaging and vascular-phase imaging after reinjection. We performed RF ablation guided by Sonazoid-enhanced sonography using Kupffer-phase imaging and vascular-phase imaging after reinjection. RESULTS Conventional sonography identified 30 (57%) of 52 HCCs, whereas Sonazoid-enhanced sonography detected 50 (96%) of 52 HCCs (P < 0.01, McNemar's chi2 test). Complete ablation was achieved at a single session in 48 of 50 tumors. CONCLUSION Sonazoid-enhanced sonography is a useful technique for guiding RF ablation of HCCs, even when treating local progression of a previously treated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Radiology, Obihiro Kosei Hospital, W6, S8, Obihiro, 080-0013, Japan.
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