1
|
Umino R, Nara S, Mizui T, Takamoto T, Ban D, Esaki M, Hiraoka N, Shimada K. Impact of Surgical Margin Status on Survival and Recurrence After Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Distal Cholangiocarcinoma: Is Microscopic Residual Tumor (R1) Associated with Higher Rates of Local Recurrence? Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4910-4921. [PMID: 38679686 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing macroscopically curative resection for distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) have high recurrence rates and poor prognoses. This study aimed to investigate the impact of surgical margin status on survival and recurrence after resection of DCC, specifically focusing on microscopic residual tumor (R1) and its relationship to local recurrence. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of patients who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for DCC between 2005 and 2021. Surgical margin was classified as R0, R1cis (positive bile duct margin with carcinoma in situ), and R1inv (positive bile duct margin with an invasive subepithelial component and/or positive radial margin). RESULTS In total, 29 of 133 patients (21.8%) had R1cis and 23 (17.3%) R1inv. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for R0 (55.7%) did not differ significantly from that for R1cis/R1inv (47.4%/33.6%, respectively). The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) for R0 was significantly longer than that for R1inv (50.1% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.003), whereas RFS did not differ significantly between those with R0 and R1cis. R1cis/R1inv status was not an independent predictor of OS and RFS in multivariate analysis. Cumulative incidence of isolated distant recurrence was significantly higher for R1cis/R1inv than for R0 (p = 0.0343/p = 0.0226, respectively), whereas surgical margin status was not significantly associated with rates of local or local plus distant recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Surgical margin status does not significantly impact OS and RFS in patients undergoing PD for DCC following precise preoperative imaging evaluation. Additionally, R1 status is significantly linked to higher isolated distant recurrence rather than local recurrence, highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Umino
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nara
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Mizui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takamoto
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ban
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Esaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ye B, Xie J, Xi K, Huang Z, Liao Y, Chen Z, Ji W. The value of a risk model combining specific risk factors for predicting postoperative severe morbidity in biliary tract cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1309724. [PMID: 38375202 PMCID: PMC10876292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1309724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several surgical risk models are widely utilized in general surgery to predict postoperative morbidity. However, no studies have been undertaken to examine the predictive efficacy of these models in biliary tract cancer patients, and other perioperative variables can also influence morbidity. As a result, the study's goal was to examine these models alone, as well as risk models combined with disease-specific factors, in predicting severe complications. Methods A retrospective study of 129 patients was carried out. Data on demographics, surgery, and outcomes were gathered. These model equations were used to determine the morbidity risks. Severe morbidity was defined as the complication comprehensive index ≥ 40. Results Severe morbidity was observed in 25% (32/129) patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that four parameters [comprehensive risk score ≥1, T stage, albumin decrease value, and international normalized ratio (INR)] had a significant influence on the probability of major complications. The area under the curve (AUC) of combining the four parameters was assessed as having strong predictive value and was superior to the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress System (E-PASS) alone (the AUC value was 0.858 vs. 0.724, p = 0.0375). The AUC for the modified E-PASS (mE-PASS) and Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (POSSUM) in patients over the age of 70 was classified as no predictive value (p = 0.217 and p = 0.063, respectively). Conclusion The mE-PASS and POSSUM models are ineffective in predicting postoperative morbidity in patients above the age of 70. In biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients undergoing radical operation, a combination of E-PASS and perioperative parameters generates a reasonable prediction value for severe complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BaoLong Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - JunFeng Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - KeXing Xi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - ZhiShun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - YanNian Liao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - ZiWen Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wu Ji
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Makino K, Ishii T, Yoh T, Ogiso S, Fukumitsu K, Seo S, Taura K, Hatano E. The usefulness of preoperative bile cultures for hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12226. [PMID: 36568677 PMCID: PMC9768314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infectious complications can cause lethal liver failure after hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction. This study assessed the increased risk for postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction and explored the possibility of predicting pathogenic microorganisms causing postoperative infectious complications based on preoperative monitoring of bile cultures. Methods This study involved 310 patients who received major hepatectomy with or without biliary reconstruction at our institution between January 2010 and December 2019. The relationship between the microorganisms detected through perioperative monitoring of bile culture and those in the postoperative infectious foci was examined. Results Forty-nine patients underwent major hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction, and 261 received hepatectomy without biliary reconstruction. The multivariate analysis revealed hepatectomy with biliary reconstruction to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative infectious complications (odds ratio: 22.9, 95% confidence interval: 5.2-164.3) compared to hepatectomy without biliary reconstruction. In the patients with biliary reconstruction, the concordance rates between the microorganisms detected in the postoperative infectious foci and those in preoperative bile cultures were as follows: incisional surgical site infection (44.4%), organ/space surgical site infection (52.9%), bacteremia (47.1%), and pneumonia (16.7%); the concordance rates were high, and the risk of infection increased over time. Conclusions Biliary reconstruction is a significant risk factor for postoperative infectious complications, and preoperative bile cultures may aid in prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial agent selection.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) has been considered the only curative treatment for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma and some locally advanced gallbladder cancers (GBCs). However, HPD has not yet been included in treatment guidelines as a standard surgical procedure in consideration of its morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of HPD in treating biliary malignancies. METHODS The medical records of 57 patients with advanced biliary cancer undergoing HPD from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrospectively retrieved. A case-control analysis was conducted at our department. Patients with advanced GBC who underwent HPD (HPD-GBC group) were compared with a control group (None-HPD-GBC group). Baseline characteristics, preoperative treatments, tumor pathologic features, operative results, and prognosis were assessed. RESULTS Thirteen patients with cholangiocarcinoma and 44 patients with GBC underwent HPD at our department. Significant postoperative complications (grade III or greater) and postoperative pancreatic fistula were observed in 24 (42.1%) and 15 (26.3%) patients, respectively. One postoperative death occurred in the present study. Overall survival (OS) was longer in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma than in those with GBC (median survival time [MST], 31 months vs . 11 months; P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis of patients with advanced GBC, multivariate analysis demonstrated that T4 stage tumors ( P = 0.012), N2 tumors ( P = 0.001), and positive margin status ( P = 0.004) were independently associated with poorer OS. Patients with either one or more prognostic factors exhibited a shorter MST than patients without those prognostic factors ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSION HPD could be performed with a relatively low mortality rate and an acceptable morbidity rate in an experienced high- volume center. For patients with advanced GBC without an N2 or T4 tumor, HPD can be a preferable treatment option.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Li D, You J, Zeng S, Yu W. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for Locally Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: Is It Worthwhile? Indian J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-022-03471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
6
|
Nagino M, Hirano S, Yoshitomi H, Aoki T, Uesaka K, Unno M, Ebata T, Konishi M, Sano K, Shimada K, Shimizu H, Higuchi R, Wakai T, Isayama H, Okusaka T, Tsuyuguchi T, Hirooka Y, Furuse J, Maguchi H, Suzuki K, Yamazaki H, Kijima H, Yanagisawa A, Yoshida M, Yokoyama Y, Mizuno T, Endo I. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers 2019: The 3rd English edition. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 28:26-54. [PMID: 33259690 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery launched the clinical practice guidelines for the management of biliary tract cancers (cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampullary cancer) in 2007, then published the 2nd version in 2014. METHODS In this 3rd version, clinical questions (CQs) were proposed on six topics. The recommendation, grade for recommendation, and statement for each CQ were discussed and finalized by an evidence-based approach. Recommendations were graded as Grade 1 (strong) or Grade 2 (weak) according to the concepts of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. RESULTS The 31 CQs covered the six topics: (a) prophylactic treatment, (b) diagnosis, (c) biliary drainage, (d) surgical treatment, (e) chemotherapy, and (f) radiation therapy. In the 31 CQs, 14 recommendations were rated strong and 14 recommendations weak. The remaining three CQs had no recommendation. Each CQ includes a statement of how the recommendations were graded. CONCLUSIONS This latest guideline provides recommendations for important clinical aspects based on evidence. Future collaboration with the cancer registry will be key for assessing the guidelines and establishing new evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Taku Aoki
- Second Department of Surgery, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ebata
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaru Konishi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Keiji Sano
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Shimada
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Ryota Higuchi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuyuguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chiba Prefectural Sawara Hospital, Sawara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastroenterological Oncology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maguchi
- Education and Research Center, Teine-Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideya Yamazaki
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kijima
- Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Akio Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Diichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic & Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shimizu A, Motoyama H, Kubota K, Notake T, Fukushima K, Ikehara T, Hayashi H, Yasukawa K, Kobayashi A, Soejima Y. Safety and Oncological Benefit of Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for Advanced Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Horizontal Tumor Spread: Shinshu University Experience. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:2012-2025. [PMID: 33044629 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) is the only means of achieving R0 resection of widespread extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, its safety and oncological benefit remain controversial because of its inherent high risk of mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze short- and long-term outcomes and evaluate the safety and oncological benefit of this advanced procedure. METHODS The study cohort comprised 37 consecutive patients who had undergone major HPD. Portal vein embolization was performed before surgery in 20 (54%) patients with future remnant liver volume < 35%. RESULTS The median operative time and blood loss were 866 min and 1000 mL, respectively. Concomitant vascular resection was performed in five patients (14%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 100% and 5.4% (n = 2), respectively. Nineteen patients (51%) had major (Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher) complications, the most common being intra-abdominal infection (49%) and post-hepatectomy liver failure (46%, grade B/C: 32%/5%), followed by postoperative pancreatic fistula (30%, grade B/C). R0 resection was achieved in 31 patients (84%). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 83%, 48%, and 37%, respectively. In patients with R0 resection, 5-year OS was comparable between patients who had undergone major HPD and major hepatectomy alone (41% vs. 40%, p = non-significant). CONCLUSIONS HPD is a valid treatment option for extensive cholangiocarcinoma, offering long-term survival benefit at the cost of relatively high but acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. HPD is advocated in selected patients provided that it is considered possible to achieve R0 resection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Motoyama
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koji Kubota
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Notake
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fukushima
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ikehara
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Koya Yasukawa
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Soejima
- Division of Gastroenterological, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic, Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
D'Souza MA, Valdimarsson VT, Campagnaro T, Cauchy F, Chatzizacharias NA, D'Hondt M, Dasari B, Ferrero A, Franken LC, Fusai G, Guglielmi A, Hagendoorn J, Hidalgo Salinas C, Hoogwater FJH, Jorba R, Karanjia N, Knoefel WT, Kron P, Lahiri R, Langella S, Le Roy B, Lehwald-Tywuschik N, Lesurtel M, Li J, Lodge JPA, Martinou E, Molenaar IQ, Nikov A, Poves I, Rassam F, Russolillo N, Soubrane O, Stättner S, van Dam RM, van Gulik TM, Serrablo A, Gallagher TM, Sturesson C. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy -a controversial treatment for bile duct and gallbladder cancer from a European perspective. HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:1339-1348. [PMID: 31899044 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) is an aggressive operation for treatment of advanced bile duct and gallbladder cancer associated with high perioperative morbidity and mortality, and uncertain oncological benefit in terms of survival. Few reports on HPD from Western centers exist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy for HPD in European centers. METHOD Members of the European-African HepatoPancreatoBiliary Association were invited to report all consecutive patients operated with HPD for bile duct or gallbladder cancer between January 2003 and January 2018. The patient and tumor characteristics, perioperative and survival outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 66 patients from 19 European centers were included in the analysis. 90-day mortality rate was 17% and 13% for bile duct and gallbladder cancer respectively. All factors predictive of perioperative mortality were patient and disease-specific. The three-year overall survival excluding 90-day mortality was 80% for bile duct and 30% for gallbladder cancer (P = 0.013). In multivariable analysis R0-resection had a significant impact on overall survival. CONCLUSION HPD, although being associated with substantial perioperative mortality, can offer a survival benefit in patient subgroups with bile duct cancer and gallbladder cancer. To achieve negative resection margins is paramount for an improved survival outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melroy A D'Souza
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentinus T Valdimarsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tommaso Campagnaro
- Department of Surgery, General and Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Francois Cauchy
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Nikolaos A Chatzizacharias
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu D'Hondt
- Department of Digestive and Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgery, AZ Groeninge Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Bobby Dasari
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Ferrero
- Department of HPB and Digestive Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Turin, Italy
| | - Lotte C Franken
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Fusai
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Guglielmi
- Department of Surgery, General and Hepatobiliary Surgery Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Jeroen Hagendoorn
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Camila Hidalgo Salinas
- Department of HPB and Liver Transplant Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik J H Hoogwater
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Jorba
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nariman Karanjia
- Surrey and Sussex Regional HPB Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Kron
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rajiv Lahiri
- Surrey and Sussex Regional HPB Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Serena Langella
- Department of HPB and Digestive Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Turin, Italy
| | - Bertrand Le Roy
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Nadja Lehwald-Tywuschik
- Department of Surgery (A), Heinrich-Heine-University and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mickael Lesurtel
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Peter A Lodge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Erini Martinou
- Surrey and Sussex Regional HPB Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Izaak Q Molenaar
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrej Nikov
- Department of Surgery, 2 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Central Military Hospital, Prague, 16002, Czech Republic
| | - Ignasi Poves
- Department of Surgery, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fadi Rassam
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Russolillo
- Department of HPB and Digestive Surgery, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Turin, Italy
| | - Olivier Soubrane
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, Clichy, France
| | - Stefan Stättner
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Serrablo
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tom M Gallagher
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery St Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Sturesson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iacono C, De Bellis M, Ruzzenente A, Campagnaro T, Conci S, Guglielmi A. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for Multifocal Cholangiocarcinoma in the Setting of Biliary Papillomatosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27:3356-3357. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
|
10
|
Torres OJM, Alikhanov R, Li J, Serrablo A, Chan AC, de Souza M Fernandes E. Extended liver surgery for gallbladder cancer revisited: Is there a role for hepatopancreatoduodenectomy? Int J Surg 2020; 82S:82-86. [PMID: 32535266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBCA) is a rare and fatal disease and the majority of patients presents with advanced stage. Surgical resection associated with lymphadenectomy is the only chance for cure. For patients in stages III and IV, extended resection is the only treatment to achieve R0 margins. For GBCA invading the hepatoduodenal ligament and pancreatoduodenal region, the resection of extrahepatic bile duct and pancreas is necessary. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) represents the most complex and challenging procedure in the hepatopancreatobiliary region. Kuno at the Cancer Institute Hospital Tokyo performed the first HPD in Japan in 1974 and in 1980 Takasaki presented five cases and the 30-day mortality was 60%. After that, other countries started to perform the procedure including United States and Brazil. The main complications are liver failure and pancreatic fistula. Advancements in perioperative care, surgical technique, medical instruments and postoperative at intensive care unit have resulted in reduction in morbidity and mortality. The use of portal vein embolization is indicated to increase the liver volume in patients with insufficient remnant. Preoperative biliary drainage can prevent cholangitis and improve hepatic function. This procedure should be recommended before extended HPD in jaundiced patients. Operative results with mortality rates below 5% at high volume centers suggest that HPD should be performed at centers with expertise in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Jorge M Torres
- Full Professor and Chairman, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery - Maranhão Federal University, Brazil.
| | - Ruslan Alikhanov
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery - Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Russia
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Serrablo
- Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery Unit, General and Digestive Surgery Service, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Albert C Chan
- Division of Liver Transplantation, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Welch JC, Gleeson EM, Karachristos A, Pitt HA. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in North America: are the outcomes acceptable? HPB (Oxford) 2020; 22:360-367. [PMID: 31519357 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatopancreatoduodenectomies (HPD) are historically associated with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, no data with hepatopancreatobiliary-specific complications have been available for HPD in North America. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to compare the outcomes of HPD to those of major hepatectomy (MH) and pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in North America. METHODS The 2014-16 American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for MH, PD, and HPD. Partial hepatectomies, wedge liver biopsies, distal pancreatectomies, pancreatic enucleations and total pancreatectomies were excluded. Propensity score matching was utilized to match 23 HPDs to 92 MHs and 138 PDs by 28 demographic, comorbidity, laboratory, operative and pathologic variables. Outcomes were compared among these three groups. RESULTS The overall morbidity and mortality for HPD were 87% and 26%, respectively, and were significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to both MH (51%, 7.6%) and PD (52%, 1.4%). Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) was more common (p < 0.01) in HPD patients, but pancreatic fistula rates were similar. CONCLUSION The morbidity and mortality after HPD are significantly higher than after MH or PD alone and may explain why HPD is performed so infrequently in North America. Centralization of HPD to a very few centers may be a strategy to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Welch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gleeson
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1259, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andreas Karachristos
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, 2 Tampa General Circle 7th Floor, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Henry A Pitt
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3509 N. Broad St., Boyer Pavilion, E938, Philadelphia, PA 1914, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mao W, Deng F, Wang D, Gao L, Shi X. Treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer: A SEER-based study. Cancer Med 2019; 9:141-150. [PMID: 31721465 PMCID: PMC6943088 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment of advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore treatment choices for advanced GBC. METHODS We identified four different treatments from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database: surgery, chemotherapy (CT), surgery and chemotherapy (Surgery + CT), and no surgery/no chemotherapy (No surgery/No CT). Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression method were used to determine the risk factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). In addition, patients in AJCC stages III and IV stage were matched with 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) for diagnosis age, race, marital status, histological type, tumor grade, and treatment pattern to decrease the possibility of selection bias. RESULTS A total of 288 AJCC stage III patients and 4239 AJCC stage IV patients with advanced GBC were identified from the SEER database between 2004 and 2015. Treatment pattern was an independent risk factor for patients with advanced GBC. For all patient, AJCC stage III patients and AJCC stage IV patients, "Surgery + CT" treatment minimized the OS and CSS in advanced GBC patients. In addition, after the PSM analysis, the "Surgery + CT" treatment still significantly decreased patient OS and CSS. CONCLUSIONS "Surgery + CT" treatment can provide survival benefits for patients with advanced GBC. In addition, "Surgery + CT" treatment was not fully utilized and may further improve the survival rate of GBC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weipu Mao
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yingshang, Fuyang, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Yingshang, Fuyang, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Yingshang, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiuquan Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Yingshang, Fuyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nagino M. Fifty-year history of biliary surgery. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2019; 3:598-605. [PMID: 31788648 PMCID: PMC6875948 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been enormous progress in the surgical treatment of biliary tract cancers in the past 50 years. In preoperative management, biliary drainage methods have changed from percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage to endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, while the advent of multidetector-row computed tomography in imaging diagnostics now enables visualization of three-dimensional anatomy, extent of cancer progression, and hepatic segment volume. Portal vein embolization has also greatly improved the safety of extended hepatectomy, and indication of extended hepatectomy can now be objectively determined with a combination of the indocyanine green test and computed tomography volumetry. In terms of surgery, combined resection and reconstruction of the portal vein and/or hepatic artery can now be safely carried out at specialized centers. Further, long-term survival can be attained with combined vascular resection if R0 resection can be achieved, even in locally advanced cancer. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy, combined major hepatectomy with pancreatoduodenectomy, should be aggressively carried out for laterally advanced cholangiocarcinoma, whereas its indication for advanced gallbladder cancer should be carefully evaluated. Japanese surgeons have made a significant contribution to the progression of extended surgeries such as combined vascular resection and hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary tract cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical OncologyDepartment of SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Who benefits from R0 resection? A single-center analysis of patients with stage Ⅳ gallbladder cancer. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:188-196. [PMID: 31891130 PMCID: PMC6926113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Most patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) present with advanced-stage disease and have a poor prognosis. Radical resection remains the only therapeutic option to improve survival in patients with GBC. This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factors in patients with stage Ⅳ GBC and to identify a subgroup of patients who might benefit from R0 resection. Methods A total of 285 patients with stage Ⅳ GBC were retrospectively analyzed at our institution from January 2008 to December 2012. Factors potentially influencing the prognosis of GBC after surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 6.6% (15/229), 0.9% (2/229), and 0 (0/229), respectively. Ascites (relative risk [RR] = 1.631, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.221-2.180, P = 0.001), pathological grade (RR = 1.337, 95% CI: 1.050-1.702, P = 0.018), T stage (RR = 1.421, 95% CI: 1.099-1.837, P = 0.000), M stage (RR = 1.896, 95% CI: 1.409-2.552, P = 0.000), and surgery (RR = 1.542, 95% CI: 1.022-2.327, P = 0.039) were identified as independent risk factors influencing prognosis. The median survival time (MST) was significantly higher in patients undergoing R0 resection than in those undergoing R1/R2 resection (6.0 vs. 2.7 months; P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, stage ⅣA patients benefited from R0 resection (MST for R0 vs. R1/R2, 11.0 vs. 4.0 months; P = 0.003), while R0 resection had a significant survival benefit than R1/R2 resection in patient with stage ⅣB GBC without distant metastasis (MST for R0 vs. R1/R2, 6.0 vs. 3.0 months; P = 0.007). Conclusion Ascites, pathological grade, T stage, M stage, and surgery were independent risk factors influencing prognosis in patients with stage IV GBC. N2 lymph node metastasis did not preclude curative resection, and radical resection should be considered in patients with stage Ⅳ GBC without distant metastasis once R0 margin was achieved.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mizuno T, Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Yamaguchi J, Onoe S, Watanabe N, Ando M, Nagino M. Major hepatectomy with or without pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced gallbladder cancer. Br J Surg 2019; 106:626-635. [PMID: 30762874 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indications for major hepatectomy for gallbladder cancer either with or without pancreatoduodenectomy remain controversial. The clinical value of these extended procedures was evaluated in this study. METHODS Patients who underwent major hepatectomy for gallbladder cancer between 1996 and 2016 were identified from a prospectively compiled database. Postoperative outcomes and overall survival were compared between patients undergoing major hepatectomy alone or combined with pancreatoduodenectomy (HPD). RESULTS Seventy-nine patients underwent major hepatectomy alone and 38 patients had HPD. The patients who underwent HPD were more likely to have T4 disease (P < 0·001), nodal metastasis (P = 0·015) and periaortic nodal metastasis (P = 0·006), but were less likely to receive adjuvant therapy (P = 0·006). HPD was associated with a high incidence of grade III or higher complications (P = 0·002) and death (P = 0·037). Overall survival was longer in patients who underwent major hepatectomy alone than in patients who underwent HPD (median survival time 32 versus 10 months; P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, surgery in the early period (1996-2006) (P = 0·002), pathological T4 disease (P = 0·005) and distant metastasis (P < 0·001) were associated with shorter overall survival, and cystic duct tumour (P = 0·002) with longer overall survival. CONCLUSION Major hepatectomy alone for gallbladder cancer contributes to favourable overall survival with low morbidity and mortality, whereas HPD is associated with poor overall survival and high morbidity and mortality rates. HPD may eradicate locally spreading gallbladder cancer; however, the indication for the procedure is questioned from an oncological viewpoint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Mizuno
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Yokoyama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Igami
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - J Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Onoe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Ando
- Data Coordinating Centre, Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy for Biliary Cancer: Strategies for Near-zero Operative Mortality and Acceptable Long-term Outcome. Ann Surg 2019; 267:332-337. [PMID: 27811506 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy (HPD) for patients with biliary cancer. BACKGROUND HPD is thought to be the only curative treatment for widespread bile duct cancer and for some advanced cases of gallbladder cancer; however, HPD has not yet been accepted as a standard operative procedure because of concerns over morbidity and mortality. METHODS Fifty-two patients undergoing HPD were retrospectively reviewed. The patient and tumor characteristics, preoperative treatments, operative results, and survival outcomes were investigated. RESULTS Preoperative biliary drainage and portal vein embolization were applied for all patients undergoing right-sided HPD or a left trisectionectomy. A major hepatectomy was performed in 42 patients, and a 2-stage pancreaticojejunostomy was selected in all the cases. The 90-day mortality was 0; however, 1 patient died because of a liver abscess 230 days after surgery. Postoperative significant complications (grade III or greater) and liver insufficiency were observed in 19 (37%) and 2 (3.8%) patients, respectively, and no abdominal bleeding events after the formation of a pancreatic fistula were encountered. The 5-year overall survival rate was 44.5%, and a significant difference was not observed between patients with bile duct cancer and those with gallbladder cancer. The operative procedure was switched to an HPD in 13 patients based on intraoperative findings, and the recurrence-free survival rate for these patients was poorer than that for patients who did not require a switch in operative procedure (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS HPD can be safely performed using the presently reported surgical strategies with acceptable short and long-term outcomes. A precise assessment of the extent of tumor spread might improve patient outcome.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang L, Dong P, Zhang Y, Yang M, Chen Y, Tian BL. Prognostic validation of the updated 8th edition Tumor-Node-Metastasis classification by the Union for International Cancer Control: Survival analyses of 307 patients with surgically treated gallbladder carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4427-4433. [PMID: 30214577 PMCID: PMC6126185 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2016, the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) published the 8th edition of the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) classification of malignant tumors, including a number of vital changes in the definitions of the T2 category, the N category and the stages of gallbladder cancer (GBC). The clinical value of this newly updated classification in patients with surgically treated GBC has not been rigorously validated. The present study aimed to analyze the prognosis of patients with GBC in a high-volume surgical unit, and to validate the prognostic value of the new UICC TNM classification, particularly the main changes in the stages of GBC. Data from 307 patients who were surgically treated and histopathologically diagnosed with GBC between January 2011 and July 2016 in The West China Hospital (Chengdu, Sichuan, China) were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The new UICC criteria distributed 32, 60, 99 and 116 eligible patients in stages I, II, III and IV, respectively. The differences in overall survival time between each stage (I–IV) demonstrated statistical significance (P<0.05). As a result of the main change of this classification, the novel definitions of T2a and T2b effectively stratified the prognosis of patients with T2 GBC (P<0.001). Furthermore, patients with stage IIa tumors also obtained significantly improved overall survival time compared with patients with stage IIb tumors (P=0.04), whereas the comparison between patients with stage IIb and IIIa tumors did not present any notable difference (P=0.20). Additionally, the new N category stratified the survival of the patients effectively (P<0.001). Together with curative resection, this latest classification was indicated to be an independent predictor of survival via multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 6.25; 95% confidence interval, 3.81–10.26; P<0.001). In conclusion, the newly updated UICC TNM classification could effectively reflect the clinical outcome of patients with surgically treated GBC. Furthermore, tumor location could predict the survival of surgically treated T2 GBC. The novel classification of the N category by the number of lymph nodes involved was also demonstrated to be valid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Le Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee EC, Han SS, Lee SD, Park SJ. Is Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy an Acceptable Operation for Biliary Cancer?. Am Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481808400523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) is usually indicated for the resection of locally advanced bile duct (BD) cancer or gallbladder (GB) cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated a favorable survival rate in BD cancer patients after HPD if R0 resection is achieved. By contrast, the benefit of HPD for GB cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of GB and BD cancer after HPD. Between January 2004 and December 2013, a total of 22 patients underwent HPD for BD (n = 14) or GB cancer (n = 8). We analyzed the survival, mortality, morbidity, and prognostic factors. After HPD, the mortality rate was 4.5 per cent and the morbidity rate was 68.2 per cent. Pancreatic fistula occurred in 50.0 per cent of the patients (grade A, 40.9%; grade B, 9.1%). Liver failure did not occur. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates for BD cancer patients were 57.1, 17.9, and 17.9 per cent and those for GB cancer patients were 62.5, 25.0, and 25.0 per cent, respectively ( P = 0.768). In BD cancer, significant prognostic factors were tumor size, portal vein invasion, multiple lymph node metastases, and operation time. Furthermore, BD cancer patients with three or more of risk factors showed poorer survival than those with fewer than three risk factors. HPD for GB and BD cancer can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity rates. GB cancer patients who underwent HPD showed comparable survival rates compared with BD cancer patients. Long-term survival can be achieved in selected patients with BD cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eung Chang Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Duk Lee
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Capobianco I, Rolinger J, Nadalin S. Resection for Klatskin tumors: technical complexities and results. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:69. [PMID: 30363698 PMCID: PMC6182019 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klatskin's tumors, actually-redefined as perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (phCCA) do represent 50-70% of all CCAs and develop in a context of chronic inflammation and cholestasis of bile ducts. Surgical resection provides the only chance of cure for this disease but is technically challenging because of the complex, intimate and variable relationship between biliary and vascular structures at this location. Five years survival rates range between 25-45% (median 27-58 months) in case of R0 resection and 0-23% (median 12-21 months) in case of R1 resection respectively. It should be noted that the major costs of high radicality are represented by relative high morbidity and mortality rates (i.e., 20-66% and 0-9% respectively). Considering the fact that radical resection may represent the only curative treatment of phCCA, we focused our review on surgical planning and techniques that may improve resectability rates and outcomes for locally advanced phCCA. The surgical treatment of phCCA can be successful when following aspects have been fulfilled: (I) accurate preoperative diagnostic aimed to identify the tumor in all its details (localization and extension) and to study all the risk factors influencing a posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF): i.e., liver volume, liver function, liver quality, haemodynamics and patient characteristics; (II) High end surgical skills taking in consideration the local extension of the tumor and the vascular invasion which usually require an extended hepatic resection and often a vascular resection; (III) adequate postoperative management aimed to avoid major complications (i.e., PHLF and biliary complications). These are technically challenging operations and must be performed in a high volume centres by hepato-biliary-pancreas (HBP)-surgeons with experience in microsurgical vascular techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Capobianco
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Rolinger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang J, Zhang ZG, Zhang WG. A modified surgical approach of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for advanced gallbladder cancer: Report of two cases and literature review. Curr Med Sci 2017; 37:855-860. [PMID: 29270743 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract, constituting 80%-95% of malignant biliary tract tumors. Surgical resection is currently regarded as the sole curative treatment for GBC. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) has been adopted to remove the advanced gallbladder tumor together with the infiltrated parts within the liver, lower biliary tract and the peripancreatic region of GBC patients. However, patients who underwent HPD were reported to have a distinctly higher postoperative morbidity (71.4%, ranging from 30.8% to 100%) and mortality (13.2%, ranging from 2.4% to 46.9%) than those given pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) alone. We present two patients with advanced GBC who underwent a modified surgical approach of HPD: PD with microwave ablation (MWA) of adjacent liver tissues and the technique of intraductal cooling of major bile ducts. No serious complications like bile leakage, pancreatic fistula, hemorrhage and organ dysfunction, etc. occurred in the two patients. They had a rapid recovery with postoperative hospital stay being 14 days. Application of this approach effectively eliminated tumor-infiltrated adjacent tissues, and maximally reduced the postoperative morbidity and mortality. This modified surgical method is secure and efficacious for the treatment of locally advanced GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
| | - Zhan-Guo Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wan-Guang Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gavriilidis P, Askari A, Azoulay D. To Resect or Not to Resect Extrahepatic Bile Duct in Gallbladder Cancer? J Clin Med Res 2016; 9:81-91. [PMID: 28090223 PMCID: PMC5215011 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2804w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The indications for and limitations of extrahepatic bile duct resection (EHBDR) in the context of gallbladder (GB) cancer are unclear. The purpose of this review was to examine the current literature to determine the impact of EHBDR on loco-regional recurrence and survival in GB cancer. The EMBASE and Medline databases were searched up to February 2016 using the terms: extrahepatic bile duct resection and gallbladder cancer. Studies published in the last 20 years were eligible for inclusion. Given the heterogeneity of the population and the study methodologies employed, qualitative data synthesis in the form of meta-analysis was deemed implausible. Twenty-four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The selected studies include 6,722 (55%) EHBDRs in a total of 12,251 GB cancer operations. The 25 studies were categorized into seven groups: 1) cancer survival all stages; 2) hepatoduodenal ligament invasion; 3) outcome in EHBDR and EHBDNR; 4) pT1b tumors; 5) pT2 tumors; 6) pT3/T4 tumors; and 7) incidental GB cancer. Radical cholecystectomy with EHBDR should be used as a standard operation for tumors involving the neck or the cystic duct of the GB (either macroscopically or microscopically). In all other cases, operative strategy should be individualized to the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Gavriilidis
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Alan Askari
- Department of Surgery, Ipswich Hospital, NHS Trust Ipswich, Heath Rd IP4 5PD, UK
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri Mondor University Hospital, 51 Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Creteil, France; INSERM U 955, Creteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Benzing C, Hau HM, Atanasov G, Broschewitz J, Krenzien F, Bartels M, Wiltberger G. Outcome and complications of combined liver and pancreas resections: a retrospective analysis. Acta Chir Belg 2016; 116:340-345. [PMID: 27471834 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2016.1186962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined resections of the liver and pancreas are related to high complication and mortality rates. The present study assessed the outcome of these procedures and identified specific risk factors for morbidity and mortality. METHODS Between January 2001 and April 2012, 28 combined liver/pancreas resections were performed at our institution. All patients were retrospectively analysed using a database with regards to baseline characteristics, surgical procedures, complications and survival. RESULTS Among the pancreatic resections, there were 12 (42.9%) Kausch-Whipple (KW), 9 (32.1%) pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD), 6 (21.4%) distal pancreatectomies (DP) and 1 (3.6%) total pancreaticoduodenectomy (TPD). In 12 (48.9%) cases, major complications (grade IIIb-V) were observed. Overall survival was 35 months (SD = 40.5) and the 3-year survival rate was 35.7% (1-year survival rate: 50%). DISCUSSION Combined resections of the liver and pancreas are associated with high complication rates, especially if major liver resections are performed. Therefore, it is mandatory to do a thorough evaluation of potential patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Benzing
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Michael Hau
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georgi Atanasov
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Broschewitz
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Krenzien
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Bartels
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Wiltberger
- Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Long-Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: Focus on the Advanced T Stage. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166361. [PMID: 27846279 PMCID: PMC5112857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radical resection is an effective therapeutic method to increase the survival rate of patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC). In addition to the surgical approach, the relationships between various clinicopathologic factors and the outcome of patients with GBC remain controversial. Methods Clinical and laboratory examination characteristics, pathological and surgical data, and post-operative survival time of 338 patients with advanced GBC who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China from January 2008 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Factors influencing the prognosis of GBC after surgery were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The overall survival rates for curative resection patients were significantly greater than those for non-curative resection patients (1-,3-,5-year survival rate and mean-survival time: 59.0%, 47.3%, 44.3% and 22.0 months vs. 12.7%, 8.3%, 7.7% and 3.0 months) (P < 0.001). For the curative resection patients, positive margin, lymph node metastasis, poorly pathological differentiation and the presence of ascites were all independent risk factors for poor prognosis. For patients with T3 stage, neither segmentectomy of IVb and V nor common bile duct resection improved the prognosis (P = 0.867 and P = 0.948). For patients with T4 stage, aggressive curative resection improved the prognosis (P = 0.007). Conclusions An advanced T stage does not preclude curative resection. Positive margin, lymph node metastasis, poorly pathological differentiation and the presence of ascites are all independent risk factors for poor prognosis in the curative intent resection patients. The range of liver resection and whether common bile duct resection is performed do not influence the prognosis as long as R0 resection is achieved.
Collapse
|
24
|
Pandey D, Garg PK, Manjunath NML, Sharma J. Extra-Hepatic Bile Duct Resection: an Insight in the Management of Gallbladder Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2016; 46:291-6. [PMID: 26049726 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-015-9737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Involvement of extrahepatic bile duct in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is considered a sign of advanced disease; resection of extrahepatic bile duct in GBC has been a contentious issue considering the poor prognosis of the disease. METHODS This retrospective study was done in two tertiary teaching hospitals of North India. The case records of all the GBC patients who underwent radical cholecystectomy with extra-hepatic bile duct resection were reviewed. Details concerning the clinical presentation, preoperative therapy, operative procedure, indication of bile duct resection, postoperative complications and outcome were retrieved from the case records. Kaplan-Meier analysis was done to estimate median disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS There were 17 GBC patients who underwent radical cholecystectomy with resection of extrahepatic bile duct. Median age of the patients was 51 years (range 35-62); male to female ratio was 5:12. Six patients were diagnosed after histopathological examination of resected gallbladder specimen following cholecystectomy (incidental gallbladder cancer). All the patients had R'0' resection. The indication for extra-hepatic bile duct resection was direct infiltration of hepatoduodenal ligament in nine, positive cystic duct margin in two, densely adherent pericholedochal lymphnodes in one and associated ampullary growth in one patient. Kaplan-Meier analysis predicted median disease-free survival of 20 months and median overall survival of 26 months. CONCLUSION Extrahepatic bile duct resection to achieve R'0' resection in the management of advanced gallbladder cancer is safe with acceptable postoperative morbidity and has potential to improve survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgatosh Pandey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fukami Y, Kaneoka Y, Maeda A, Takayama Y, Onoe S. Major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy with simultaneous resection of the hepatic artery for advanced biliary cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2016; 401:471-8. [PMID: 27023217 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-016-1413-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD) with simultaneous resection of the hepatic artery (HA) for biliary cancer is the most extended surgery for obtaining curative resection, and its clinical significance is unclear. The aim of this study was to appraise the clinical value of this extended procedure as a treatment for biliary cancer. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 38 patients with biliary cancer who underwent major HPD from 1994 to 2014. Clinicopathological factors and survival following HPD were compared between patients with and without simultaneous resection of the HA. RESULTS Of the 38 study patients, 12 patients (32 %) underwent major HPD with HA. There was no significant difference in major complications between the two groups. The overall 2-year survival rate and the median survival time following major HPD with HA were 71 % and 42.3 months. The survival of the patients with gallbladder cancer was significantly worse than that of the patients with bile duct cancer (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Major HPD with simultaneous resection of the HA can be a preferable treatment option for bile duct cancer that offers acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term survival. However, this procedure for gallbladder cancer should not be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Fukami
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kaneoka
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takayama
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Onoe
- Department of Surgery, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, 4-86 Minaminokawa-cho, Ogaki, Gifu, 503-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A systematic review of safety and efficacy of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary and gallbladder cancers. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:1-6. [PMID: 26776844 PMCID: PMC4750224 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary and gallbladder cancers. METHODS Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched for papers of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in patients with biliary and gallbladder cancers. RESULTS Eighteen studies involving 397 patients were reviewed. Major hepatectomy was undertaken in 81.3% of the 397 patients and the R0 resection rate was 71.3%. The morbidity and mortality rates were 78.9% and 10.3%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate ranged from 3% to 50% (median = 31%). The 5-year survival rate in patients who underwent curative resection was 18-68.8% (median = 51.3%), and 0% in patients who received non-curative resection. CONCLUSIONS Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy is a challenging procedure with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, this procedure can provide a chance of long-term survival in patients in whom curative resection is feasible.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Wu L, Li B. A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary and gallbladder cancers. HPB (Oxford) 2015:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 26507924 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary and gallbladder cancers. METHODS Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched for papers describing hepatopancreatoduodenectomy in patients with biliary and gallbladder cancers. RESULTS Eighteen studies involving 397 patients were reviewed. A major hepatectomy was undertaken in 81.3% of the 397 patients, and the R0 resection rate was 71.3%. The morbidity and mortality rates were 78.9% and 10.3%, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate ranged from 3% to 50% (median = 31%). The 5-year survival rate in patients who underwent a curative resection was 18-68.8% (median = 51.3%), and 0% in patients who received a non-curative resection. CONCLUSIONS A hepatopancreatoduodenectomy is a challenging procedure with high morbidity and mortality rates. However, this procedure can provide a chance of long-term survival in patients in whom a curative resection is feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatovascular Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zuobing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatovascular Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lupeng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatovascular Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatovascular Surgery, First affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yamamoto Y, Sugiura T, Okamura Y, Ito T, Ashida R, Uemura S, Miyata T, Kato Y, Uesaka K. Is combined pancreatoduodenectomy for advanced gallbladder cancer justified? Surgery 2015; 159:810-20. [PMID: 26506566 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical impact of combined pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for advanced gallbladder cancer remains unclear. METHODS A total of 96 patients who underwent resection for stage II, III, or IV gallbladder cancer were enrolled. Patients with lower bile duct involvement, pancreatic or duodenal infiltration, or peripancreatic lymph node metastasis were considered candidates for combined PD. The operative outcomes were compared between the patients treated with PD (PD group, n = 21) and those treated without PD (non-PD group, n = 75), and between those treated with major hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (major HPD group, n = 9) and those treated with major hepatectomy (major hepatectomy group, n = 20). RESULTS Overall morbidity in the PD group was greater than that in the non-PD group (81% vs 23%, P < .001), whereas the overall survival (OS) was comparable between the groups (5-year OS; 39.8% vs 46.7%, P = .96). There was no in-hospital mortality in the PD group. A serum albumin <3.0 g/dL (P = .004) and tumor size ≥ 9.0 cm (P = .029) were associated independently with a poor prognosis in the PD group. Overall morbidity in the major HPD group was greater than that in the major hepatectomy group (89% vs 40%, P = .014), whereas the OS was comparable between the groups (5-year OS; 34.6% vs 21.1%, P = .57), and the OS of major HPD group was better than that of unresectable group (n = 18, P = .017). CONCLUSION Combined PD, including major HPD, is beneficial for selected patients of advanced gallbladder cancer; however, the indications should be carefully evaluated because of greater morbidity rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yamamoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Okamura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Ashida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sunao Uemura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kato
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Uesaka
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tran TB, Dua MM, Spain DA, Visser BC, Norton JA, Poultsides GA. Hepato-pancreatectomy: how morbid? Results from the national surgical quality improvement project. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:763-9. [PMID: 26058463 PMCID: PMC4557649 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous resection of both the liver and the pancreas carries significant complexity. The objective of this study was to investigate peri-operative outcomes after a synchronous hepatectomy and pancreatectomy (SHP). METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database was queried to identify patients who underwent SHP. Resections were categorized as '< hemihepatectomy', '≥ hemihepatectomy' (hemihepatectomy and trisectionectomy), 'PD' (pancreaticoduodenectomy and total pancreatectomy) and 'distal' (distal pancreatectomy and enucleation). RESULTS From 2005 to 2013, 480 patients underwent SHP. Patients were stratified based on the extent of resection: '< hemihepatectomy + distal (n = 224)', '≥ hemihepatectomy + distal' (n = 49), '< hemihepatectomy + PD' (n = 83) and '≥ hemihepatectomy + PD' (n = 24). Although the first three groups had a reasonable and comparable safety profile (morbidity 33-51% and mortality 0-6.6%), the '≥ hemihepatectomy + PD' group was associated with an 87.5% morbidity (organ space infection 58.3%, re-intubation 12.5%, reoperation 25% and septic shock 25%), 8.3% 30-day mortality and 18.2% in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS A synchronous hemihepatectomy (or trisectionectomy) with PD remains a highly morbid combination and should be reserved for patients who have undergone extremely cautious selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy B Tran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Monica M Dua
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Spain
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brendan C Visser
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Norton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - George A Poultsides
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Among biliary tract cancers, gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a potentially lethal malignancy with abysmal long-term survival. Surgery is central to the management of GBC, and presently, provides the only ray of hope for long-term survival. Radical cholecystectomy, which includes cholecystectomy with a limited hepatic resection, regional lymphadenectomy and adjacent organ resection if required is used to encompass the tumor with negative margins - R'0' resection is the standard surgical treatment for the management of GBC. Absence of randomized controlled trials to address various surgical controversies due to rarity of disease in western world, advanced disease at presentation, high frequency of unresectability/inoperability at surgery, deficient neoadjuvant/adjuvant strategies and nihilistic views of oncologists due to aggressive disease biology has resulted in marked heterogeneity in surgical strategies employed to manage GBC across the surgical centers globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Garg
- Department of Surgery, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee SE, Kim KS, Kim WB, Kim IG, Nah YW, Ryu DH, Park JS, Yoon MH, Cho JY, Hong TH, Hwang DW, Choi DW. Practical guidelines for the surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer. J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29:1333-40. [PMID: 25368485 PMCID: PMC4214932 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.10.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, surgical treatment is the only curative option for gallbladder (GB) cancer. Many efforts therefore have been made to improve resectability and the survival rate. However, GB cancer has a low incidence, and no randomized, controlled trials have been conducted to establish the optimal treatment modalities. The present guidelines include recent recommendations based on current understanding and highlight controversial issues that require further research. For T1a GB cancer, the optimal treatment modality is simple cholecystectomy, which can be carried out as either a laparotomy or a laparoscopic surgery. For T1b GB cancer, either simple or an extended cholecystectomy is appropriate. An extended cholecystectomy is generally recommended for patients with GB cancer at stage T2 or above. In extended cholecystectomy, a wedge resection of the GB bed or a segmentectomy IVb/V can be performed and the optimal extent of lymph node dissection should include the cystic duct lymph node, the common bile duct lymph node, the lymph nodes around the hepatoduodenal ligament (the hepatic artery and portal vein lymph nodes), and the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal lymph node. Depending on patient status and disease severity, surgeons may decide to perform palliative surgeries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan Bae Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yang Won Nah
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Ryu
- Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Joon Seong Park
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jai Young Cho
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Hong
- Department of Surgery, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Choi
- Department of Surgery, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Sugawara G, Mizuno T, Nagino M. Review of hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for biliary cancer: an extended radical approach of Japanese origin. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2014; 21:550-5. [PMID: 24464987 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinomas exhibit various modes of local extension, and some tumors can only be completely resected by hepatopancreatoduodenectomy (HPD), which is defined as the resection of the whole extrahepatic biliary system with the adjacent liver and pancreatoduodenum. Since Takasaki et al. introduced HPD for locally advanced gallbladder cancer in 1980, Japanese hepatobiliary surgeons have aggressively challenged this extended procedure for advanced biliary tumors. Early experiences with HPD were frequently associated with liver failure and sequential mortality, leading to an underestimation of the survival benefit of HPD. However, with improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative patient care, including portal vein embolization, over the last two decades, the mortality rate after HPD has gradually decreased. Recent studies have demonstrated a favorable survival in cholangiocarcinoma, provided that R0 resection is achieved. In contrast, HPD for gallbladder cancer remains controversial because of the extremely poor survival, although the study populations have been limited. HPD can be performed with low mortality and offers a better probability of long-term survival in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. We should consider HPD to be a standard approach for laterally advanced cholangiocarcinomas that are otherwise unresectable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ebata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu GJ, Li XH, Chen YX, Sun HD, Zhao GM, Hu SY. Radical lymph node dissection and assessment: Impact on gallbladder cancer prognosis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:5150-5158. [PMID: 23964151 PMCID: PMC3746389 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i31.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the lymph node metastasis patterns of gallbladder cancer (GBC) and evaluate the optimal categorization of nodal status as a critical prognostic factor.
METHODS: From May 1995 to December 2010, a total of 78 consecutive patients with GBC underwent a radical resection at Liaocheng People’s Hospital. A radical resection was defined as removing both the primary tumor and the regional lymph nodes of the gallbladder. Demographic, operative and pathologic data were recorded. The lymph nodes retrieved were examined histologically for metastases routinely from each node. The positive lymph node count (PLNC) as well as the total lymph node count (TLNC) was recorded for each patient. Then the metastatic to examined lymph nodes ratio (LNR) was calculated. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and predictors of outcome were analyzed.
RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 26.50 mo (range, 2-132 mo), median DSS was 29.00 ± 3.92 mo (5-year survival rate, 20.51%). Nodal disease was found in 37 patients (47.44%). DSS of node-negative patients was significantly better than that of node-positive patients (median DSS, 40 mo vs 17 mo, χ2 = 14.814, P < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between N1 patients and N2 patients (median DSS, 18 mo vs 13 mo, χ2 = 0.741, P = 0.389). Optimal TLNC was determined to be four. When node-negative patients were divided according to TLNC, there was no difference in DSS between TLNC < 4 subgroup and TLNC ≥ 4 subgroup (median DSS, 37 mo vs 54 mo, χ2 = 0.715, P = 0.398). For node-positive patients, DSS of TLNC < 4 subgroup was worse than that of TLNC ≥ 4 subgroup (median DSS, 13 mo vs 21 mo, χ2 = 11.035, P < 0.001). Moreover, for node-positive patients, a new cut-off value of six nodes was identified for the number of TLNC that clearly stratified them into 2 separate survival groups (< 6 or ≥ 6, respectively; median DSS, 15 mo vs 33 mo, χ2 = 11.820, P < 0.001). DSS progressively worsened with increasing PLNC and LNR, but no definite cut-off value could be identified. Multivariate analysis revealed histological grade, tumor node metastasis staging, TNLC and LNR to be independent predictors of DSS. Neither location of positive lymph nodes nor PNLC were identified as an independent variable by multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION: Both TLNC and LNR are strong predictors of outcome after curative resection for GBC. The retrieval and examination of at least 6 nodes can influence staging quality and DSS, especially in node-positive patients.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to evaluate the most current strategies of surgical treatment for cholangiocarcinoma including liver resection and transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS More aggressive surgical approaches have emerged over the past decade to treat patients previously considered to have unresectable lesions, which include combined hepatectomy with vascular resection, liver mass manipulation, oncological nontouch technique and liver transplantation. SUMMARY Cholangiocarcinoma can occur anywhere along the biliary system. Its detection rate, and consequently its incidence, has risen possibly because of improvements in diagnostic imaging. Cholangiocarcinomas are presently understood within three distinct categories: intrahepatic, perihilar and distal tumors. The perihilar type is the most common, followed by the distal and intrahepatic types. This division has therapeutic relevance because the type of surgery depends on the anatomical location and extension of the tumor. This review will primarily focus on those circumstances in which a hepatectomy is required, which provides the greatest chance of cure. In this setting, liver transplantation for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma has resurged as an excellent option for a selective group of patients, when associated with a neoadjuvant chemoradiation protocol. Despite more aggressive surgical approaches, many cases remain unresectable with a poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Is extended hemihepatectomy plus pancreaticoduodenectomy justified for advanced bile duct cancer and gallbladder cancer? Surgery 2013; 153:794-800. [PMID: 23415082 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major hepatopancreaticoduodenectomy (HPD) is an extensive surgical procedure offering the highest curability for patients with advanced biliary cancer. However, surgical morbidity associated with major HPD is high, and optimal indications for this procedure remain unclear. METHODS Between 1989 and 2010, 14 patients with widespread bile duct cancer and 5 with gallbladder cancer having biliary infiltration underwent major HPD at our hospital. Preoperative portal vein embolization was performed in 17 patients undergoing right HPD. Clinicopathologic factors and survivals following HPD were compared between patients with bile duct cancer and those with gallbladder cancer. RESULTS One patient who underwent right HPD for gallbladder cancer died of hepatic failure (5.3%) and 18 of the 19 patients (95%) developed postoperative pancreatic fistulas. The median hospital stay was 47 days. Depth of invasion was T3 in 1 patient and T4 in 2 patients with bile duct cancer and was T4 in all 5 patients with gallbladder cancer (P = .002). The clinical stage was IV in 3 patients (21%) with bile duct cancer and in all 5 patients with gallbladder cancer (P = .002). The 5-year survival rates and median survival rates of patients with bile duct cancer and gallbladder cancer were 45% vs 0 and 3.3 years vs 8 months, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSION HPD can be an acceptable treatment option for widespread bile duct cancer. However, the indication for HPD in advanced-stage gallbladder cancer should be considered carefully, considering the high morbidity rate and the advanced stage of the disease.
Collapse
|
36
|
Edwards J, Scoggins C, McMasters K, Martin R. Combined pancreas and liver therapies: Resection and ablation in hepato-pancreatico-biliary malignancies. J Surg Oncol 2013; 107:709-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|