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Clifford CM, Askew N, Smith D, Iniguez J, Smith A, House MD, Leech AA. Prenatal aneuploidy screening in a low-risk Hispanic population: price elasticity and cost-effectiveness. AJOG GLOBAL REPORTS 2024; 4:100293. [PMID: 38205132 PMCID: PMC10777109 DOI: 10.1016/j.xagr.2023.100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In October 2015, the Massachusetts Medicaid program temporarily stopped reimbursement for procedures in which the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition, code for serum aneuploidy screening used by certain communities was stipulated. This change led to a substantial number of patients who went without aneuploidy screening for approximately 3 years. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the change in use and cost-effectiveness of prenatal aneuploidy serum screening in a low-risk Hispanic Medicaid population in Massachusetts. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective chart review of Spanish-speaking pregnant patients younger than 35 years of age who underwent aneuploidy serum screening at a Massachusetts community health center. The study compared the aneuploidy serum screening rates for the periods before and after May 2016 when the Massachusetts Medicaid program, MassHealth, temporarily discontinued reimbursement for the screening. Based on these rates, we developed a Markov cohort simulation model to assess the economic value of reimbursed aneuploidy screening vs nonreimbursed or limited screening. Clinical outcomes included trisomy 21, live births, and therapeutic abortions for a trisomy 21 diagnosis. Economic outcomes included discounted quality-adjusted life years and lifetime medical costs, net health benefit, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. RESULTS Before the MassHealth policy change, 69% (55/80) of pregnant individuals selected quad or sequential screens in comparison with only 9% (10/112) who selected screens after the policy change. Traditional aneuploidy serum screening in a low-risk (aged <35 years) Hispanic population was considered to be cost-saving (ie, led to lower incremental costs and higher incremental benefits when compared with nonreimbursed or limited screening). CONCLUSION From a United States healthcare payer perspective, aneuploidy serum screening for Hispanic pregnant individuals under 35 years of age is economically advantageous when compared with limited screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Clifford
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (Dr Clifford)
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Drs Clifford and House)
| | - Neil Askew
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (Mr Askew and Dr Leech)
| | - Diane Smith
- Greater Lawrence Family Health Center, Lawrence, MA (Drs Smith and Iniquez)
| | - Jesus Iniguez
- Greater Lawrence Family Health Center, Lawrence, MA (Drs Smith and Iniquez)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (Dr Iniquez)
| | - Andrew Smith
- Vanderbilt Center for Child Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Smith and Leech)
| | - Michael D. House
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (Drs Clifford and House)
| | - Ashley A. Leech
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (Mr Askew and Dr Leech)
- Vanderbilt Center for Child Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (Drs Smith and Leech)
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Chan JK, Gardner AB, Mann AK, Kapp DS. Hospital-acquired conditions after surgery for gynecologic cancer — An analysis of 82,304 patients. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:515-520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Davis C. Non‐reimbursement for preventable health care‐acquired conditions. Med J Aust 2016; 204:98-9.e1. [DOI: 10.5694/mja15.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Goldman LE, Chu PW, Bacchetti P, Kruger J, Bindman A. Effect of Present-on-Admission (POA) Reporting Accuracy on Hospital Performance Assessments Using Risk-Adjusted Mortality. Health Serv Res 2014; 50:922-38. [PMID: 25285372 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate how the accuracy of present-on-admission (POA) reporting affects hospital 30-day acute myocardial infarction (AMI) mortality assessments. DATA SOURCES A total of 2005 California patient discharge data (PDD) and vital statistics death files. STUDY DESIGN We compared hospital performance rankings using an established model assessing hospital performance for AMI with (1) a model incorporating POA indicators of whether a secondary condition was a comorbidity or a complication of care, and (2) a simulation analysis that factored POA indicator accuracy into the hospital performance assessment. For each simulation, we changed POA indicators for six major acute risk factors of AMI mortality. The probability of POA being changed depended on patient and hospital characteristics. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Comparing the performance rankings of 268 hospitals using the established model with that using the POA indicator, 67 hospitals' (25 percent) rank differed by ≥10 percent. POA reporting inaccuracy due to overreporting and underreporting had little additional impact; POA overreporting contributed to 4 percent of hospitals' difference in rank compared to the POA model and POA underreporting contributed to <1 percent difference. CONCLUSION Incorporating POA indicators into risk-adjusted models of AMI care has a substantial impact on hospital rankings of performance that is not primarily attributable to inaccuracy in POA hospital reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Elizabeth Goldman
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Philip W Chu
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Peter Bacchetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jenna Kruger
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew Bindman
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Rosenbaum BP, Lorenz RR, Luther RB, Knowles-Ward L, Kelly DL, Weil RJ. Improving and measuring inpatient documentation of medical care within the MS-DRG system: education, monitoring, and normalized case mix index. PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2014; 11:1c. [PMID: 25214820 PMCID: PMC4142511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Documentation of the care delivered to hospitalized patients is a ubiquitous and important aspect of medical care. The majority of references to documentation and coding are based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group (MS-DRG) inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS). We educated the members of a clinical care team in a single department (neurosurgery) at our hospital. We measured subsequent documentation improvements in a simple, meaningful, and reproducible fashion. We created a new metric to measure documentation, termed the "normalized case mix index," that allows comparison of hospitalizations across multiple unrelated MS-DRG groups. Compared to one year earlier, the traditional case mix index, normalized case mix index, severity of illness, and risk of mortality increased one year after the educational intervention. We encourage other organizations to implement and systematically monitor documentation improvement efforts when attempting to determine the accuracy and quality of documentation achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Rosenbaum
- Benjamin P. Rosenbaum, MD, is a neurosurgery resident at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert R Lorenz
- Robert R. Lorenz, MD, MBA, FACS, is an otolaryngologist and medical director of payment reform, risk, and contracting at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, OH
| | - Ralph B Luther
- Ralph B. Luther, MBA, is a process improvement specialist at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, OH
| | - Lisa Knowles-Ward
- Lisa Knowles-Ward, RHIT, CCS, is director of coding and reimbursement at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, OH
| | - Dianne L Kelly
- Dianne L. Kelly, RN, is director of clinical documentation improvement at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert J Weil
- Robert J. Weil, MD, MBA, FACS, is a neurosurgeon who previously worked at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, OH. He now works at Geisinger Health System in Danville, PA, as a neurosurgeon, chief medical executive for the northeast region, and associate chief scientific officer
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Vidyarthi AR, Green AL, Rosenbluth G, Baron RB. Engaging residents and fellows to improve institution-wide quality: the first six years of a novel financial incentive program. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2014; 89:460-468. [PMID: 24448041 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Teaching hospitals strive to engage physicians in quality improvement (QI), and graduate medical education (GME) programs must promote trainee competence in systems-based practice (SBP). The authors developed a QI incentive program that engages residents and fellows, providing them with financial incentives to improve quality while simultaneously gaining SBP experience. In this study, they describe and evaluate success in meeting goals set during the program's first six years. METHOD During fiscal years (FYs) 2007-2012, QI project goals for all or specific training programs were set collaboratively with residents and fellows at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Data were collected from administrative databases, via chart abstraction, or through independently designed techniques. RESULTS Approximately 5,275 residents and fellows were eligible and participated in the program. A total of 55 projects were completed. Among the 18 all-program projects, goals were achieved for 11 (61%) in three domains: patient satisfaction, quality/safety, and operation/utilization. Among the 37 program-specific projects, goals were achieved for 28 (76%) in four categories: patient-level interventions, enhanced communication, workflow improvements, and effective documentation. Residents and fellows earned an average of $800 in bonuses/FY for achieving these goals. CONCLUSIONS Thousands of residents and fellows across disciplines participated in real-life, real-time QI during the program's first six years. Participation provided an experience that may promote SBP competence and resulted in improved quality of care across the UCSF Medical Center. Similar programs may assist teaching hospitals and GME programs in meeting current and future QI and training mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana R Vidyarthi
- Dr. Vidyarthi is associate professor, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate School of Medicine and consultant, SingHealth Pvt Ltd., Singapore. Formerly, she was associate professor of medicine and director of quality and safety programs, Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. Dr. Green is professor, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. Dr. Rosenbluth is associate professor, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and director of quality and safety programs, Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. Dr. Baron is professor, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and associate dean of graduate medical education, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
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Hartmann CW, Hoff T, Palmer JA, Wroe P, Dutta-Linn MM, Lee G. The Medicare policy of payment adjustment for health care-associated infections: perspectives on potential unintended consequences. Med Care Res Rev 2012; 69:45-61. [PMID: 21810797 PMCID: PMC3998710 DOI: 10.1177/1077558711413606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2008, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services introduced a new policy to adjust payment to hospitals for health care-associated infections (HAIs) not present on admission. Interviews with 36 hospital infection preventionists across the United States explored the perspectives of these key stakeholders on the potential unintended consequences of the current policy. Responses were analyzed using an iterative coding process where themes were developed from the data. Participants' descriptions of unintended impacts of the policy centered around three themes. Results suggest the policy has focused more attention on targeted HAIs and has affected hospital staff; relatively fewer systems changes have ensued. Some consequences of the policy, such as infection preventionists having less time to devote to HAIs other than those in the policy or having less time to implement prevention activities, may have undesirable effects on HAI rates if hospitals do not recognize and react to potential time and resource gaps.
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Mebel ER, Mark SM, Weber RJ. The CMS Value-Based Purchasing Program: Making Sense of the Regulations and Implications for Health System Pharmacy. Hosp Pharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1310/hpj4702-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Director's Forum series is designed to guide pharmacy leaders in establishing patient-centered services in hospitals and health systems. This article focuses on the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Service's (CMS) Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) program for hospitals. VBP links Medicare payments to the quality performance of acute care hospitals paid under the Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS), for patient assigned to various diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). It is essential that pharmacy directors understand the implications of the VBP program and the subsequent opportunity that it creates for pharmacy. To take full advantage of the program, adjustments will need to be made in staffing, skill mix, and ultimately the design of the pharmacy practice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine R. Mebel
- Health System Pharmacy Administration Resident, UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M. Mark
- West Penn Allegheny Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J. Weber
- Department of Pharmacy Services, and College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Goldman LE, Chu PW, Osmond D, Bindman A. The accuracy of present-on-admission reporting in administrative data. Health Serv Res 2011; 46:1946-62. [PMID: 22092023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2011.01300.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the accuracy of reporting present-on-admission (POA) and to assess whether POA reporting accuracy differs by hospital characteristics. DATA SOURCES We performed an audit of POA reporting of secondary diagnoses in 1,059 medical records from 48 California hospitals. STUDY DESIGN We used patient discharge data (PDD) to select records with secondary diagnoses that are powerful predictors of mortality and could potentially represent comorbidities or complications among patients who either had a primary procedure of a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, community-acquired pneumonia, or congestive heart failure. We modeled the relationship between secondary diagnoses POA reporting accuracy (over-reporting and under-reporting) and hospital characteristics. DATA COLLECTION We created a gold standard from blind reabstraction of the medical records and compared the accuracy of the PDD against the gold standard. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The PDD and gold standard agreed on POA reporting in 74.3 percent of records, with 13.7 percent over-reporting and 11.9 percent under-reporting. For-profit hospitals tended to overcode secondary diagnoses as present on admission (odds ratios [OR] 1.96; 95 percent confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 3.44), whereas teaching hospitals tended to undercode secondary diagnoses as present on admission (OR 2.61; 95 percent CI 1.36, 5.03). CONCLUSIONS POA reporting of secondary diagnoses is moderately accurate but varies by hospitals. Steps should be taken to improve POA reporting accuracy before using POA in hospital assessments tied to payments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Elizabeth Goldman
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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Boyd CM, Fortin M. Future of Multimorbidity Research: How Should Understanding of Multimorbidity Inform Health System Design? Public Health Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03391611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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