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Donnelly JA, Whitley MA, Cowan DT, McLaughlin S, Arthur R. The Homeless World Cup through storytelling: The narratives of Street Soccer players from Scotland and the USA. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102549. [PMID: 37820863 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper was to explore: (a) What stories do the Street Soccer players draw upon to construct meaning around their experiences of trauma, social exclusion, and homelessness? and (b) What stories are linked to the subjective sport programming experience and resulting future orientations? DESIGN A longitudinal narrative approach was adopted with semi-structured interviews conducted with players from Scotland and the United States (n = 16, 7 female, 9 male, M age = 27.5) across three time points. Interviews were also conducted with significant others (n = 13) at time point three. All data were analyzed using thematic narrative analysis and represented in creative non-fiction approaches through three composite narratives. RESULTS These narratives depicted visceral accounts of complex and developmental trauma, along with consequential experiences that unfolded before, during, and after the Homeless World Cup. While both preparing for and attending the event, players recalled concurrent feelings of anxiety and pride which manifested in various resilient and maladaptive coping behaviors. As the stories progressed, players battled a post event crash by engaging in support seeking and/or self-destructive behaviors before positive implications of the Homeless World Cup materialized. CONCLUSIONS Through creative narrative approaches, this study presents novel and engaging accounts of players' experiences before, during, and after the event. We also identify potential safeguarding concerns that can be addressed through trauma-informed practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Donnelly
- Division of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Daryl T Cowan
- Division of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of the West of Scotland, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara McLaughlin
- Department of Health & Sport Sciences, Adelphi University, USA; Laureus Sport for Good, New York, USA
| | - Rosie Arthur
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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Housing Investment Strategies by Healthcare Payers and Systems: Paving the Road Ahead. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:1296-1298. [PMID: 36627524 PMCID: PMC9831367 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-08009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Levesque J, Babando J, Loranger N, Johnson S, Pugh D. COVID-19 prevalence and infection control measures at homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries: a scoping review. Syst Rev 2022; 11:223. [PMID: 36243764 PMCID: PMC9569412 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted homeless populations and service workers, especially within homeless shelter/hostel settings. To date, there have been few evidence syntheses examining outbreaks of COVID-19 among both homeless shelter residents and service workers and no critical review of infection control and prevention (IPAC) measures. This scoping review offers a much-needed synthesis of COVID-19 prevalence within homeless shelters and a review of pertinent IPAC measures. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review that aimed to synthesize academic and gray literature published from March 2020 to July 2021 pertaining to (1) the prevalence of COVID-19 among both residents and staff in homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries and (2) COVID-19 IPAC strategies applied in these settings. Two reviewers independently screened the literature from several databases that included MEDLINE, PsycInfo, and the WHO's COVID-19 Global Health Portal. The extracted data was mapped, categorized, and thematically discussed. RESULTS Thematic analysis of 77 academic and gray literature documents revealed four key themes: (1) the demographics of COVID-19 in homeless shelters, (2) asymptomatic spread, (3) pre-existing vulnerability of people experiencing homelessness and shelters, and (4) the inconsistency and ineffectiveness of IPAC implementation. CONCLUSION This review offers a useful glimpse into the landscape of COVID-19 outbreaks in homeless shelters/hostels and the major contributing factors to these events. This review revealed that there is no clear indication of generally accepted IPAC standards for shelter residents and workers. This review also illustrated a great need for future research to establish IPAC best practices specifically for homeless shelter/hostel contexts. Finally, the findings from this review reaffirm that homelessness prevention is key to limiting disease outbreaks and the associated negative health outcomes in shelter populations. Limitations of this review included the temporal and database constraints of the search strategy, the exclusion of quality assessments of the literature, and the absence of investigation on the influence of emerging variants on public health policy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This scoping review has not been registered on any database; the protocol is available on York University's Institutional Repository https://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/38513 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Levesque
- The Canadian Observatory On Homelessness 6Th Floor Kaneff Tower, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Jordan Babando
- Institute of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Loranger
- York University School of Social Work, S880 Ross Building, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Shantel Johnson
- The Canadian Observatory On Homelessness 6Th Floor Kaneff Tower, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - David Pugh
- The Canadian Observatory On Homelessness 6Th Floor Kaneff Tower, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Bean DJ, Monroe J, Turcinovic J, Moreau Y, Connor JH, Sagar M. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Associates With Unstable Housing and Occurs in the Presence of Antibodies. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e208-e215. [PMID: 34755830 PMCID: PMC8689949 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The factors associated with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection remain poorly defined. METHODS We identified patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and at least 1 repeat reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction result a minimum of 90 days after the initial positive test and before 21 January 2021. Those with a repeat positive test were deemed to have reinfection (n = 75), and those with only negative tests were classified as convalescents (n = 1594). Demographics, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, and treatment histories were obtained from the Boston Medical Center electronic medical record. Humoral responses were analyzed using SARS-CoV-2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and pseudovirus neutralizations in a subset of reinfection (n = 16) and convalescent samples (n = 32). Univariate, multivariate, and time to event analyses were used to identify associations. RESULTS Individuals with reinfection had more frequent testing at shorter intervals compared with the convalescents. Unstable housing was associated with more than 2-fold greater chance of reinfection. Preexisting comorbidities and COVID-19 severity after the initial infection were not associated with reinfection. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G levels and pseudovirus neutralization were not different within the early weeks after primary infection and at a timepoint at least 90 days later in the 2 groups. In the convalescents, but not in those with reinfection, the late as compared with early humoral responses were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Reinfection associates with unstable housing, which is likely a marker for virus exposure, and reinfection occurs in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Bean
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Turcinovic
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yvetane Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manish Sagar
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Nouri M, Ostadtaghizadeh A, Sari AA. COVID-19 in Homelessness: A Worldwide Scoping Review on Vulnerabilities, Risks, and Risk Management. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:303-318. [PMID: 34963409 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.2011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Homeless individuals are at greater risk of death due to social inequalities during Covid-19 pandemic. Strategies taken for general population to prevent the spread of Covid-19, such as social distance, staying at home, and observing personal hygiene are not possible for this group of people. This is a scoping review on articles published and other credible resources published analyze studies done on homeless people during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scoping review, for the first time, we studied published articles on the situation of the homeless during the Covid-19 epidemic and by extracting and categorizing vulnerabilities, risks, as well as risk management plans, Finally we presented, useful guidance for organizations providing health and social services during the spread of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nouri
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management and EconomicsSchool of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tums), Tehran, Iran
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Rowan SE, McCormick DW, Wendel KA, Scott T, Chavez-van de Hey J, Wilcox K, Stella SA, Kamis K, Burman WJ, Marx GE. Lower Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness Tested in Outdoor Encampments Compared with Overnight Shelters - Denver, Colorado, June - July 2020. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e157-e164. [PMID: 35040947 PMCID: PMC8807271 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of the risk for COVID-19 that people experiencing homelessness (PEH) face in congregate shelters versus unsheltered encampments is critical for an effective pandemic response. METHODS We analyzed factors associated with current and past SARS-CoV-2 infection among PEH in day and overnight shelters and encampments in Denver, Colorado, during June 2-July 28, 2020, and constructed multivariable logistic regression models to examine risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and seropositivity with age, race/ethnicity, testing location, testing month, and symptom status as predictor variables. RESULTS A total of 823 participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and 276 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A greater percentage of PEH at overnight shelters tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (8.6% vs 2.5%, p<0.01) and antibodies (21.5% vs 8.7%, p=0.03) compared to encampments. In regression models, testing at an overnight shelter compared to testing at encampments (OR=3.03, 95% CI 1.16-9.02) had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA result. Age >60 years compared to age <40 years (OR=5.92, 95% CI 1.83-20.3), Hispanic ethnicity (OR=3.43, 95% CI 1.36-8.95) and non-Hispanic Black race compared to non-Hispanic White race (OR=3.07, 95% CI 1.16-8.26), and testing at an overnight shelter compared to testing at encampments (OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.04-6.17) had increased odds of a positive antibody result. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the need for continuing assessment of mitigation strategies in shelters, increasing access to individual rooms and linkage to housing options for PEH, and supporting people to remain in encampments when these options are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rowan
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David W McCormick
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Karen A Wendel
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tracy Scott
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kay Wilcox
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Public Health Associate Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Stella
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin Kamis
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - William J Burman
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Grace E Marx
- Denver Public Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Washburn KJ, LeBrón AM, Reyes AS, Becerra I, Bracho A, Ahn E, Urzúa AS, Foo MA, Zárate S, Tanjasiri SP, Boden-Albala B. Orange County, California COVID-19 Vaccine Equity Best Practices Checklist: A Community-Centered Call to Action for Equitable Vaccination Practices. Health Equity 2022; 6:3-12. [PMID: 35112040 PMCID: PMC8804261 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated longstanding inequities throughout the United States, disproportionately concentrating adverse social, economic, and health-related outcomes among low-income communities and communities of color. Inequitable distribution, prioritization, and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines due to systemic and organizational barriers add to these disproportionate impacts across the United States. Similar patterns have been observed within Orange County, California (OC). Methods: In response to COVID-19 vaccine inequities unfolding locally, the Orange County Health Equity COVID-19 community-academic partnership generated a tool to guide a more equitable vaccine approach. Contents of the OC vaccine equity best practices checklist emerged through synthesis of community-level knowledge about vaccine inequities, literature regarding equitable vaccination considerations, and practice-based health equity guides. We combined into a memo: the checklist, a written explanation of its goals and origins, and three specific action steps meant to further strengthen the focus on vaccine equity. The memo was endorsed by partnership members and distributed to county officials. Discussion: Since the initial composition of the checklist, the local vaccine distribution approach has shifted, suggesting that equitable pandemic responses require continual re-evaluation of local needs and adjustments to recommendations as new information emerges. To understand and address structural changes needed to reduce racial and socioeconomic inequities exacerbated by the pandemic, authentic partnerships between community, academic, and public health practice partners are necessary. Conclusion: As we face continued COVID-19 vaccine rollout, booster vaccination, and future pandemic challenges, community knowledge and public health literature should be integrated to inform similar equity-driven strategic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameko J. Washburn
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Alana M.W. LeBrón
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Abigail S. Reyes
- Community Resilience Projects, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Isabel Becerra
- Coalition of Orange County Community Health Centers, Santa Ana, California, USA
| | | | - Ellen Ahn
- Korean Community Services, Buena Park, California, USA
| | | | - Mary Anne Foo
- Orange County Asian and Pacific Islander Community Alliance, Garden Grove, California, USA
| | - Salvador Zárate
- Department of Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sora Park Tanjasiri
- Department of Epidemiology, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bernadette Boden-Albala
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Bernardini S, Pieri M, Ciotti M. How Could POCT be a Useful Tool for Migrant and Refugee Health? EJIFCC 2021; 32:200-208. [PMID: 34421489 PMCID: PMC8343038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Point of care testing (POCT) represents an important step forward in the clinical management of patients. POC assays are easy to use and do not require skilled personnel; therefore they are particularly useful in low resource settings where diagnostics laboratories equipped with complex instruments that require well trained technicians are not available. Samples can be processed immediately overcoming the problems related to the stability of the sample, storage and shipping to a centralized laboratory hospital based. Furthermore, results are delivered in real-time, usually less than 1 hr; thus, a clinical decision can be taken earlier. A prompt diagnosis is crucial in the case of contagious diseases allowing a rapid isolation of the infected patient and treatment; thus, reducing the risk of transmission of the pathogen. In this report, we address the use of POC assays in the diagnosis of infectious pathogens including hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus-type 1, human papillomavirus, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhea, trichomonas vaginalis, mycobacterium tuberculosis and the parasite plasmodium. These pathogens are commonly detected among vulnerable people such as refugees and migrants. The described POC assays are based on nuclei acid amplification technology (NAAT) that is generally characterized by a high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University Tor Vergata of Rome, Rome Italy, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy,Corresponding author: Prof. Sergio Bernardini Department of Experimental Medicine University of Tor Vergata Via Cracovia 50 00133 Rome Italy Phone: +39 3804399292 E-mail:
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Ciotti
- Virology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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