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Spildrejorde M, Samara A, Sharma A, Leithaug M, Falck M, Modafferi S, Sundaram AY, Acharya G, Nordeng H, Eskeland R, Gervin K, Lyle R. Multi-omics approach reveals dysregulated genes during hESCs neuronal differentiation exposure to paracetamol. iScience 2023; 26:107755. [PMID: 37731623 PMCID: PMC10507163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal paracetamol exposure has been associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood. Pharmacoepigenetic studies show differences in cord blood DNA methylation between unexposed and paracetamol-exposed neonates, however, causality and impact of long-term prenatal paracetamol exposure on brain development remain unclear. Using a multi-omics approach, we investigated the effects of paracetamol on an in vitro model of early human neurodevelopment. We exposed human embryonic stem cells undergoing neuronal differentiation with paracetamol concentrations corresponding to maternal therapeutic doses. Single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq integration identified paracetamol-induced chromatin opening changes linked to gene expression. Differentially methylated and/or expressed genes were involved in neurotransmission and cell fate determination trajectories. Some genes involved in neuronal injury and development-specific pathways, such as KCNE3, overlapped with differentially methylated genes previously identified in cord blood associated with prenatal paracetamol exposure. Our data suggest that paracetamol may play a causal role in impaired neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Spildrejorde
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Athina Samara
- Division of Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children′s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Falck
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Modafferi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arvind Y.M. Sundaram
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, SE-14152 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hedvig Nordeng
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Gervin
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Harrison SP, Siller R, Tanaka Y, Chollet ME, de la Morena-Barrio ME, Xiang Y, Patterson B, Andersen E, Bravo-Pérez C, Kempf H, Åsrud KS, Lunov O, Dejneka A, Mowinckel MC, Stavik B, Sandset PM, Melum E, Baumgarten S, Bonanini F, Kurek D, Mathapati S, Almaas R, Sharma K, Wilson SR, Skottvoll FS, Boger IC, Bogen IL, Nyman TA, Wu JJ, Bezrouk A, Cizkova D, Corral J, Mokry J, Zweigerdt R, Park IH, Sullivan GJ. Scalable production of tissue-like vascularized liver organoids from human PSCs. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2005-2024. [PMID: 37653039 PMCID: PMC10545717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of physiological parity between 2D cell culture and in vivo culture has led to the development of more organotypic models, such as organoids. Organoid models have been developed for a number of tissues, including the liver. Current organoid protocols are characterized by a reliance on extracellular matrices (ECMs), patterning in 2D culture, costly growth factors and a lack of cellular diversity, structure, and organization. Current hepatic organoid models are generally simplistic and composed of hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, rendering them less physiologically relevant compared to native tissue. We have developed an approach that does not require 2D patterning, is ECM independent, and employs small molecules to mimic embryonic liver development that produces large quantities of liver-like organoids. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate a liver-like cellular repertoire, a higher order cellular complexity, presenting with vascular luminal structures, and a population of resident macrophages: Kupffer cells. The organoids exhibit key liver functions, including drug metabolism, serum protein production, urea synthesis and coagulation factor production, with preserved post-translational modifications such as N-glycosylation and functionality. The organoids can be transplanted and maintained long term in mice producing human albumin. The organoids exhibit a complex cellular repertoire reflective of the organ and have de novo vascularization and liver-like function. These characteristics are a prerequisite for many applications from cellular therapy, tissue engineering, drug toxicity assessment, and disease modeling to basic developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Harrison
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center (CRHMR), University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria Eugenia Chollet
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Benjamin Patterson
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Elisabeth Andersen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlos Bravo-Pérez
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Henning Kempf
- Department: Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrine S Åsrud
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Mowinckel
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Stavik
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Morten Sandset
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- European Reference Network RARE-LIVER, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Saphira Baumgarten
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Santosh Mathapati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Almaas
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- European Reference Network RARE-LIVER, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kulbhushan Sharma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven R Wilson
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frøydis S Skottvoll
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida C Boger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jun Jie Wu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ales Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Cizkova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department: Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - In-Hyun Park
- Department of Genetics, Yale Stem Cell Center, Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Samara A, Spildrejorde M, Sharma A, Falck M, Leithaug M, Modafferi S, Bjørnstad PM, Acharya G, Gervin K, Lyle R, Eskeland R. A multi-omics approach to visualize early neuronal differentiation from hESCs in 4D. iScience 2022; 25:105279. [PMID: 36304110 PMCID: PMC9593815 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is an established method to study physiology, disease, and medication safety. However, the sequence of events in human neuronal differentiation and the ability of in vitro models to recapitulate early brain development are poorly understood. We developed a protocol optimized for the study of early human brain development and neuropharmacological applications. We comprehensively characterized gene expression and epigenetic profiles at four timepoints, because the cells differentiate from embryonic stem cells towards a heterogeneous population of progenitors, immature and mature neurons bearing telencephalic signatures. A multi-omics roadmap of neuronal differentiation, combined with searchable interactive gene analysis tools, allows for extensive exploration of early neuronal development and the effect of medications. Multi-omics charting a new neuronal differentiation protocol for human ES cells Single-cell analyses reveal marker genes during neuronal differentiation Identified transcriptional waves similar to early human brain development Searchable tools to visualize single-cell gene expression and chromatin state
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Samara
- Division of Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden,Astrid Lindgren Children′s Hospital Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,Corresponding author
| | - Mari Spildrejorde
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ankush Sharma
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martin Falck
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefania Modafferi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Marius Bjørnstad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, SE-14152 Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina Gervin
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Lyle
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author
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4
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Samara A, Falck M, Spildrejorde M, Leithaug M, Acharya G, Lyle R, Eskeland R. Robust neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells for neurotoxicology. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101533. [PMID: 36123835 PMCID: PMC9485591 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe a protocol for rapid neuronal differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward a heterogenous population of telencephalic progenitors, immature and mature neurons, for drug-screening and early-brain differentiation studies. hESC neuronal differentiation depends on adhesion and minimal cell-passaging to avert monolayer cross-connectivity rupture. In this protocol, we detail optimized cell-seeding densities and coating conditions with high cell viability suitable for neurotoxicology and high-resolution single-cell omics studies. Daily media changes reduce compound instability and degradation for optimal screening. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Samara et al. (2022). Day-by-day visual aids to monitor morphological changes during differentiation Optimized cell numbers and passages for neurotoxicology studies Web tools available for single-cell omics data Ideal for early brain development exploration from human embryonic stem cells
Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Samara
- Division of Clinical Paediatrics, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Martin Falck
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1066, 0316 Oslo, Norway; PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Spildrejorde
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics and Norwegian Sequencing Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Leithaug
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics and Norwegian Sequencing Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ganesh Acharya
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Lyle
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics and Norwegian Sequencing Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- PharmaTox Strategic Research Initiative, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, PO Box 1112, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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5
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Liang KX, Vatne GH, Kristiansen CK, Ievglevskyi O, Kondratskaya E, Glover JC, Chen A, Sullivan GJ, Bindoff LA. N-acetylcysteine amide ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces oxidative stress in hiPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons with POLG mutation. Exp Neurol 2020; 337:113536. [PMID: 33264635 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The inability to reliably replicate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG) leads to a subset of common mitochondrial diseases associated with neuronal death and depletion of neuronal mtDNA. Defining disease mechanisms in neurons remains difficult due to the limited access to human tissue. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we generated functional dopaminergic (DA) neurons showing positive expression of dopaminergic markers TH and DAT, mature neuronal marker MAP2 and functional synaptic markers synaptophysin and PSD-95. These DA neurons were electrophysiologically characterized, and exhibited inward Na + currents, overshooting action potentials and spontaneous postsynaptic currents (sPSCs). POLG patient-specific DA neurons (POLG-DA neurons) manifested a phenotype that replicated the molecular and biochemical changes found in patient post-mortem brain samples namely loss of complex I and depletion of mtDNA. Compared to disease-free hiPSC-derived DA neurons, POLG-DA neurons exhibited loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, loss of complex I and loss of mtDNA and TFAM expression. POLG driven mitochondrial dysfunction also led to neuronal ROS overproduction and increased cellular senescence. This deficit was selectively rescued by treatment with N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA). In conclusion, our study illustrates the promise of hiPSC technology for assessing pathogenetic mechanisms associated with POLG disease, and that NACA can be a promising potential therapy for mitochondrial diseases such as those caused by POLG mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Xiao Liang
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Guro Helén Vatne
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Katrin Kristiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Ievglevskyi
- The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1103, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Kondratskaya
- Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1103, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joel C Glover
- Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1103, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anbin Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1105, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4950, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1110, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, P. O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, P. O. Box 7804, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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6
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Liang KX, Kristiansen CK, Mostafavi S, Vatne GH, Zantingh GA, Kianian A, Tzoulis C, Høyland LE, Ziegler M, Perez RM, Furriol J, Zhang Z, Balafkan N, Hong Y, Siller R, Sullivan GJ, Bindoff LA. Disease-specific phenotypes in iPSC-derived neural stem cells with POLG mutations. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12146. [PMID: 32840960 PMCID: PMC7539330 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in POLG disrupt mtDNA replication and cause devastating diseases often with neurological phenotypes. Defining disease mechanisms has been hampered by limited access to human tissues, particularly neurons. Using patient cells carrying POLG mutations, we generated iPSCs and then neural stem cells. These neural precursors manifested a phenotype that faithfully replicated the molecular and biochemical changes found in patient post‐mortem brain tissue. We confirmed the same loss of mtDNA and complex I in dopaminergic neurons generated from the same stem cells. POLG‐driven mitochondrial dysfunction led to neuronal ROS overproduction and increased cellular senescence. Loss of complex I was associated with disturbed NAD+ metabolism with increased UCP2 expression and reduced phosphorylated SirT1. In cells with compound heterozygous POLG mutations, we also found activated mitophagy via the BNIP3 pathway. Our studies are the first that show it is possible to recapitulate the neuronal molecular and biochemical defects associated with POLG mutation in a human stem cell model. Further, our data provide insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction and mtDNA alterations influence cellular fate determining processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Xiao Liang
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Sepideh Mostafavi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Guro Helén Vatne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gina Alien Zantingh
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Atefeh Kianian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Mathias Ziegler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Head and Neck Cancer Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Novin Balafkan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yu Hong
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard Siller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Embryonic Stem Cells in Clinical Trials: Current Overview of Developments and Challenges. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1312:19-37. [PMID: 33159303 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first isolation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) reported in the late 90s opened a new window to promising possibilities in the fields of human developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Subsequently, the differentiation of hESC lines into different precursor cells showed their potential in treating different incurable diseases. However, this promising field has consistently had remarkable ethical and experimental limitations. This paper is a review of clinical trial studies dealing with hESC and their advantages, limitations, and other specific concerns. Some of the hESC limitations have been solved, and several clinical trial studies are ongoing so that recent clinical trials have strived to improve the clinical applications of hESC, especially in macular degeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. However, regarding hESC-based therapy, several important issues need more research and discussion. Despite considerable studies to Date, hESC-based therapy is not available for conventional clinical applications, and more studies and data are needed to overcome current clinical and ethical limitations. When all the limitations of Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are wholly resolved, perhaps hESC can become superior to the existing stem cell sources. This overview will be beneficial for understanding the standard and promising applications of cell and tissue-based therapeutic approaches and for developing novel therapeutic applications of hESC.
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8
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Harkness L, Chen X, Gillard M, Gray PP, Davies AM. Media composition modulates human embryonic stem cell morphology and may influence preferential lineage differentiation potential. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213678. [PMID: 30889226 PMCID: PMC6424453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells have a distinct morphology (hESC). Changes in cell morphology during culture can be indicative of differentiation. hESC, maintained in diverse medias, demonstrated alterations in morphological parameters and subsequent alterations in underlying transcript expression and lineage differentiation. Analysis of morphological parameters showed distinct and significant differences between the undefined, less defined and Xeno-free medias while still maintaining pluripotency markers. This suggested that the less defined media may be creating dynamic instability in the cytoskeleton, with the cytoskeleton becoming more stabilised in the Xeno-free media as demonstrated by smaller and rounder cells. Examination of early lineage markers during undirected differentiation using d5 embryoid bodies demonstrated increased mesodermal lineage preference as compared to endodermal or ectoderm in cells originally cultured in Xeno-free media. Undefined media showed preference for mesoderm and ectoderm lineages, while less defined media (BSA present) demonstrated no preference. These data reveal that culture media may produce fundamental changes in cell morphology which are reflected in early lineage differentiation choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Harkness
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Paul Gray
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony Mitchell Davies
- Translational Cell Imaging Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Laowtammathron C, Chingsuwanrote P, Choavaratana R, Phornwilardsiri S, Sitthirit K, Kaewjunun C, Makemaharn O, Terbto P, Waeteekul S, Lorthongpanich C, U-Pratya Y, Srisook P, Kheolamai P, Issaragrisil S. High-efficiency derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines using a culture system with minimized trophoblast cell proliferation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:138. [PMID: 29751777 PMCID: PMC5948903 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Due to their extensive self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacity, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have great potential for studying developmental biology, disease modeling, and developing cell replacement therapy. The first hESC line was generated in 1998 by culturing inner cell mass (ICM) cells isolated from human blastocysts using an immunosurgery technique. Since then, many techniques including mechanical ICM isolation, laser dissection, and whole embryo culture have been used to derive hESC lines. However, the hESC derivation efficiency remains low, usually less than 50%, and it requires a large number of human embryos to derive a significant number of hESC lines. Due to a shortage of and restricted access to human embryos, a novel approach with better hESC derivation efficiency is badly needed to decrease the number of embryos used. Methods We hypothesized that the low hESC derivation efficiency might be due to extensive proliferation of trophoblast (TE) cells which could interfere with ICM proliferation. We therefore developed a methodology to minimize TE cell proliferation by culturing ICM in a feeder-free system for 3 days before transferring them onto feeder cells. Results This minimized trophoblast cell proliferation (MTP) technique could be successfully used to derive hESCs from normal, abnormal, and frozen–thawed embryos with better derivation efficiency of more than 50% (range 50–100%; median 70%). Conclusions We successfully developed a better hESC derivation methodology using the “MTP” culture system. This methodology can be effectively used to derive hESCs from both normal and abnormal embryos under feeder-free conditions with higher efficiency when compared with other methodologies. With this methodology, large-scale production of clinical-grade hESCs is feasible. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-0866-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuti Laowtammathron
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pimjai Chingsuwanrote
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Roungsin Choavaratana
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Suphadtra Phornwilardsiri
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Ketsara Sitthirit
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chidchanok Kaewjunun
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Orawan Makemaharn
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Papussorn Terbto
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Waeteekul
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanchao Lorthongpanich
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Yaowalak U-Pratya
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pimonwan Srisook
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.,Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Surapol Issaragrisil
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research (SiSCR), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand. .,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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10
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Development of a rapid screen for the endodermal differentiation potential of human pluripotent stem cell lines. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37178. [PMID: 27872482 PMCID: PMC5118706 DOI: 10.1038/srep37178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge facing the human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) field is the variability observed in differentiation potential of hPSCs. Variability can lead to time consuming and costly optimisation to yield the cell type of interest. This is especially relevant for the differentiation of hPSCs towards the endodermal lineages. Endodermal cells have the potential to yield promising new knowledge and therapies for diseases affecting multiple organ systems, including lung, thymus, intestine, pancreas and liver, as well as applications in regenerative medicine and toxicology. Providing a means to rapidly, cheaply and efficiently assess the differentiation potential of multiple hPSCs is of great interest. To this end, we have developed a rapid small molecule based screen to assess the endodermal potential (EP) of hPSCs, based solely on definitive endoderm (DE) morphology. This drastically reduces the cost and time to identify lines suitable for use in deriving endodermal lineages. We demonstrate the efficacy of this screen using 10 different hPSCs, including 4 human embryonic stem cell lines (hESCs) and 6 human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (hiPSCs). The screen clearly revealed lines amenable to endodermal differentiation, and only lines that passed our morphological assessment were capable of further differentiation to hepatocyte like cells (HLCs).
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11
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Panula S, Reda A, Stukenborg JB, Ramathal C, Sukhwani M, Albalushi H, Edsgärd D, Nakamura M, Söder O, Orwig KE, Yamanaka S, Reijo Pera RA, Hovatta O. Over Expression of NANOS3 and DAZL in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165268. [PMID: 27768780 PMCID: PMC5074499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying human germ cell development are largely unknown, partly due to the scarcity of primordial germ cells and the inaccessibility of the human germline to genetic analysis. Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate to germ cells in vitro and can be genetically modified to study the genetic requirements for germ cell development. Here, we studied NANOS3 and DAZL, which have critical roles in germ cell development in several species, via their over expression in human embryonic stem cells using global transcriptional analysis, in vitro germ cell differentiation, and in vivo germ cell formation assay by xenotransplantation. We found that NANOS3 over expression prolonged pluripotency and delayed differentiation. In addition, we observed a possible connection of NANOS3 with inhibition of apoptosis. For DAZL, our results suggest a post-transcriptional regulation mechanism in hES cells. In addition, we found that DAZL suppressed the translation of OCT4, and affected the transcription of several genes associated with germ cells, cell cycle arrest, and cell migration. Furthermore, DAZL over expressed cells formed spermatogonia-like colonies in a rare instance upon xenotransplantation. These data can be used to further elucidate the role of NANOS3 and DAZL in germ cell development both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Panula
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Reda
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cyril Ramathal
- Department of Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Meena Sukhwani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States of America
| | - Halima Albalushi
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
| | - Daniel Edsgärd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Olle Söder
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyle E. Orwig
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States of America
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA, 94158, United States of America
| | - Renee A. Reijo Pera
- Department of Genetics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, United States of America
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kjartansdóttir KR, Reda A, Panula S, Day K, Hultenby K, Söder O, Hovatta O, Stukenborg JB. A Combination of Culture Conditions and Gene Expression Analysis Can Be Used to Investigate and Predict hES Cell Differentiation Potential towards Male Gonadal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144029. [PMID: 26630562 PMCID: PMC4667967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell differentiation towards various cell types belonging to ecto-, endo- and mesodermal cell lineages has been demonstrated, with high efficiency rates using standardized differentiation protocols. However, germ cell differentiation from human embryonic stem cells has been very inefficient so far. Even though the influence of various growth factors has been evaluated, the gene expression of different cell lines in relation to their differentiation potential has not yet been extensively examined. In this study, the potential of three male human embryonic stem cell lines to differentiate towards male gonadal cells was explored by analysing their gene expression profiles. The human embryonic stem cell lines were cultured for 14 days as monolayers on supporting human foreskin fibroblasts or as spheres in suspension, and were differentiated using BMP7, or spontaneous differentiation by omitting exogenous FGF2. TLDA analysis revealed that in the undifferentiated state, these cell lines have diverse mRNA profiles and exhibit significantly different potentials for differentiation towards the cell types present in the male gonads. This potential was associated with important factors directing the fate of the male primordial germ cells in vivo to form gonocytes, such as SOX17 or genes involved in the NODAL/ACTIVIN pathway, for example. Stimulation with BMP7 in suspension culture resulted in up-regulation of cytoplasmic SOX9 protein expression in all three lines. The observation that human embryonic stem cells differentiate towards germ and somatic cells after spontaneous and BMP7-induced stimulation in suspension emphasizes the important role of somatic cells in germ cell differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristín Rós Kjartansdóttir
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Scientific Unit, Horsens Hospital, DK-8700, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Ahmed Reda
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarita Panula
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kelly Day
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Division of Clinical Research Centre, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Olle Söder
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan-Bernd Stukenborg
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Q2:08, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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13
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Canham MA, Van Deusen A, Brison DR, De Sousa PA, Downie J, Devito L, Hewitt ZA, Ilic D, Kimber SJ, Moore HD, Murray H, Kunath T. The Molecular Karyotype of 25 Clinical-Grade Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17258. [PMID: 26607962 PMCID: PMC4660465 DOI: 10.1038/srep17258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivatives to regenerative medicine is now becoming a reality. Although the vast majority of hESC lines have been derived for research purposes only, about 50 lines have been established under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) conditions. Cell types differentiated from these designated lines may be used as a cell therapy to treat macular degeneration, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, diabetes, osteoarthritis and other degenerative conditions. It is essential to know the genetic stability of the hESC lines before progressing to clinical trials. We evaluated the molecular karyotype of 25 clinical-grade hESC lines by whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis. A total of 15 unique copy number variations (CNVs) greater than 100 kb were detected, most of which were found to be naturally occurring in the human population and none were associated with culture adaptation. In addition, three copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) regions greater than 1 Mb were observed and all were relatively small and interstitial suggesting they did not arise in culture. The large number of available clinical-grade hESC lines with defined molecular karyotypes provides a substantial starting platform from which the development of pre-clinical and clinical trials in regenerative medicine can be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice A Canham
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amy Van Deusen
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel R Brison
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A De Sousa
- Roslin Cells Limited, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences and MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet Downie
- Roslin Cells Limited, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liani Devito
- Stem Cell Laboratories, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe A Hewitt
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dusko Ilic
- Stem Cell Laboratories, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susan J Kimber
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Harry D Moore
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Murray
- Roslin Cells Limited, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, UK
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14
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Siller R, Greenhough S, Naumovska E, Sullivan GJ. Small-molecule-driven hepatocyte differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 4:939-52. [PMID: 25937370 PMCID: PMC4437467 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to hepatocytes is well established, yet current methods suffer from several drawbacks. These include a lack of definition and reproducibility, which in part stems from continued reliance on recombinant growth factors. This has remained a stumbling block for the translation of the technology into industry and the clinic for reasons associated with cost and quality. We have devised a growth-factor-free protocol that relies on small molecules to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells toward a hepatic phenotype. The procedure can efficiently direct both human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells. The final population of cells demonstrates marker expression at the transcriptional and protein levels, as well as key hepatic functions such as serum protein production, glycogen storage, and cytochrome P450 activity. Development of small-molecule-driven hepatocyte differentiation procedure for hPSCs Small-molecule-derived hepatocytes demonstrate key hepatic functions Significantly reduces the cost of hepatocyte differentiation Procedure is applicable to multiple human pluripotent stem cell lines
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Siller
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian Greenhough
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elena Naumovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth J Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, PO Box 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway; Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, Oslo 0424, Norway.
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15
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Schmitt J, Eckardt S, Schlegel PG, Sirén AL, Bruttel VS, McLaughlin KJ, Wischhusen J, Müller AM. Human Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells Express HLA-G and Show Unique Resistance to NK Cell-Mediated Killing. Mol Med 2015; 21:185-96. [PMID: 25811991 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent-of-origin imprints have been implicated in the regulation of neural differentiation and brain development. Previously we have shown that, despite the lack of a paternal genome, human parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can form proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) that are capable of differentiation into physiologically functional neurons while maintaining allele-specific expression of imprinted genes. Since biparental ("normal") hESC-derived NSCs (N NSCs) are targeted by immune cells, we characterized the immunogenicity of PG NSCs. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed that both N NSCs and PG NSCs exhibited surface expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I but not HLA-DR molecules. Functional analyses using an in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction assay resulted in less proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with PG compared with N NSCs. In addition, natural killer (NK) cells cytolyzed PG less than N NSCs. At a molecular level, expression analyses of immune regulatory factors revealed higher HLA-G levels in PG compared with N NSCs. In line with this finding, MIR152, which represses HLA-G expression, is less transcribed in PG compared with N cells. Blockage of HLA-G receptors ILT2 and KIR2DL4 on natural killer cell leukemia (NKL) cells increased cytolysis of PG NSCs. Together this indicates that PG NSCs have unique immunological properties due to elevated HLA-G expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schmitt
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Eckardt
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul G Schlegel
- University Children's Hospital Würzburg, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Leena Sirén
- Department of Neurosurgery, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentin S Bruttel
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K John McLaughlin
- Center for Molecular and Human Genetics, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- University of Würzburg Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section for Experimental Tumor Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Müller
- Institute for Medical Radiology and Cell Research (MSZ) in the Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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16
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Jiang G, Wan X, Wang M, Zhou J, Pan J, Wang B. A reliable and economical method for gaining mouse embryonic fibroblasts capable of preparing feeder layers. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1603-14. [PMID: 25597023 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are widely used to prepare feeder layers for culturing embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in vitro. Transportation lesions and exorbitant prices make the commercially obtained MEFs unsuitable for long term research. The aim of present study is to establish a method, which enables researchers to gain MEFs from mice and establish feeder layers by themselves in ordinary laboratories. MEFs were isolated from ICR mouse embryos at 12.5-17.5 day post-coitum (DPC) and cultured in vitro. At P2-P7, the cells were inactivated with mitomycin C or by X-ray irradiation. Then they were used to prepare feeder layers. The key factors of the whole protocol were analyzed to determine the optimal conditions for the method. The results revealed MEFs isolated at 12.5-13.5 DPC, and cultured to P3 were the best choice for feeder preparation, those P2 and P4-P5 MEFs were also suitable for the purpose. The P3-P5 MEFs treated with 10 μg/ml of mitomycin C for 3 h, or irradiated with X-ray at 1.5 Gy/min for 25 Gy were the most suitable feeder cells. Treating MEFs with 10 μg/ml of mitomycin C for 2.5 h, 15 μg/ml for 2.0 h, or irradiating the cells with 20 Gy of X-ray at 2.0 Gy/min could all serve as alternative methods for P3-P4 cells. Our study provides a reliable and economical way to obtain large amount of qualified MEFs for long term research of ESCs or iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Jiang
- Blood Bank, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xiaoju Wan
- Blood Bank, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Blood Bank, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Blood Bank, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Blood Bank, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Baolong Wang
- Laboratory Department, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.
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Malmsten L, Vijayaraghavan S, Hovatta O, Marutle A, Darreh-Shori T. Fibrillar β-amyloid 1-42 alters cytokine secretion, cholinergic signalling and neuronal differentiation. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1874-88. [PMID: 25109373 PMCID: PMC4196662 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is impaired by inflammatory processes, which are linked to altered cholinergic signalling and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated how amyloid beta (Aβ)-evoked inflammatory responses affect the generation of new neurons from human embryonic stem (hES) cells and the role of cholinergic signalling in regulating this process. The hES were cultured as neurospheres and exposed to fibrillar and oligomeric Aβ(1-42) (Aβf, AβO) or to conditioned medium from human primary microglia activated with either Aβ(1-42) or lipopolysaccharide. The neurospheres were differentiated for 29 days in vitro and the resulting neuronal or glial phenotypes were thereafter assessed. Secretion of cytokines and the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) involved in cholinergic signalling was measured in medium throughout the differentiation. We report that differentiating neurospheres released various cytokines, and exposure to Aβf, but not AβO, increased the secretion of IL-6, IL-1β and IL-2. Aβf also influenced the levels of AChE, BuChE and ChAT in favour of a low level of acetylcholine. These changes were linked to an altered secretion pattern of cytokines. A different pattern was observed in microglia activated by Aβf, demonstrating decreased secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-2 relative to untreated cells. Subsequent exposure of differentiating neurospheres to Aβf or to microglia-conditioned medium decreased neuronal differentiation and increased glial differentiation. We suggest that a basal physiological secretion of cytokines is involved in shaping the differentiation of neurospheres and that Aβf decreases neurogenesis by promoting a microenvironment favouring hypo-cholinergic signalling and gliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Malmsten
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Translational Alzheimer Neurobiology, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Liu CX, Zhang RL, Gao J, Li T, Ren Z, Zhou CQ, Wen AM. Derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines without any exogenous growth factors. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:470-9. [PMID: 24554631 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines are traditionally derived through immunosurgery. Their maintenance in culture requires the presence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as feeder cells and media supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or other growth factors-both of which might introduce animal-derived culture components. The drawbacks associated with immunosurgery, MEF co-culture, and the cost of growth factors necessitate the exploration of a xeno-free method to maintain the self-renewal capacity of hESCs. Here, we describe an isolation method for the human inner cell mass (ICM), which was then cultured in the absence of exogenous growth factors and in the presence of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) as feeder cells. Three hESC lines were obtained from poor-quality embryos by this near-xeno-free protocol. After culturing for more than 10 months, the hESCs retained normal morphology, expressed all expected cell surface markers, could differentiate to embryoid bodies upon culture in vitro, and formed teratomas in vivo. Furthermore, secretion of bFGF by HFFs was observed. In conclusion, this is the first study to describe an inexpensive, xeno-free culture system for the isolation and maintenance of hESCs that does not require bFGF supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Xia Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences/Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Cell therapy as a replacement for diseased or destroyed endogenous cells is a major component of regenerative medicine. Various types of stem cells are or will be used in clinical settings as autologous or allogeneic products. In this chapter, the progress that has been made to translate basic stem cell research into pharmaceutical manufacturing processes will be reviewed. Even if in public perception, embryonic stem (ES) cells and more recently induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells dominate the field of regenerative medicine and will be discussed in great detail, it is the adult stem cells that are used for decades as therapeutics. Hence, these cells will be compared to ES and iPS cells. Finally, special emphasis will be placed on the scientific, technical, and economic challenges of developing stem cell-based in vitro model systems and cell therapies that can be commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa S Schroeder
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstr. 29, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany,
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20
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Lim ML, Jungebluth P, Sjöqvist S, Nikdin H, Kjartansdóttir KR, Unger C, Vassliev I, Macchiarini P. Decellularized feeders: an optimized method for culturing pluripotent cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:975-82. [PMID: 24167316 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells such as human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells are useful in the field of regenerative medicine because they can proliferate indefinitely and differentiate into all cell types. However, a limiting factor for maintaining and propagating stem cells is the need for inactivated fibroblasts as a growth matrix, since these may potentially cause cross-contamination. In this study, we aimed to maintain stem cells on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of either nonirradiated or γ-irradiated fibroblasts. It has been demonstrated that the ECM contains factors and proteins vital for the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of pluripotent cells. In order to preserve the ECM, the cell layers of the fibroblasts were decellularized by treatment with 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which resulted in an absence of DNA as compared with conventional feeder culture. However, SDS treatment did not cause a detectable change in the ECM architecture and integrity. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that expressions of major ECM proteins, such as fibronectin, collagen, and laminin, remained unaltered. The human pluripotent cells cultured on this decellularized matrix maintained gene expression of the pluripotency markers NANOG and OCT4 and had the potency to differentiate to three germ layers. The in vitro culture system shown here has an excellent potential since the main allogeneic components (i.e., DNA of the feeder cells) are removed. It is also a technically easy, fast, safe, and cheap method for maintaining a refined feeder-free stem cell culture for further cell differentiation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ling Lim
- Advanced Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, and
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21
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Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the developing embryo. hESCs culture as cell lines in vitro and possess great potential in such research fields as developmental biology and cell-based therapy, as well as such industrial purposes as drug screening and toxicology. When ESCs were first derived by Thomson and colleagues, traditional methods of immunostaining and culturing, using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and medium supplemented by serum were used. Considerable efforts have since led to improved methods for isolating new lines in defined and reproducible conditions. This chapter discusses sources for embryos for ESC isolation, commonly used methods for deriving hESC lines, and a number of possible culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Amit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
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22
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Beane OS, Darling EM. Isolation, characterization, and differentiation of stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:2079-97. [PMID: 22907257 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of tissue engineering is to create a functional replacement for tissues damaged by injury or disease. In many cases, impaired tissues cannot provide viable cells, leading to the investigation of stem cells as a possible alternative. Cartilage, in particular, may benefit from the use of stem cells since the tissue has low cellularity and cannot effectively repair itself. To address this need, researchers are investigating the chondrogenic capabilities of several multipotent stem cell sources, including adult and extra-embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Comparative studies indicate that each cell type has advantages and disadvantages, and while direct comparisons are difficult to make, published data suggest some sources may be more promising for cartilage regeneration than others. In this review, we identify current approaches for isolating and chondrogenically differentiating MSCs from bone marrow, fat, synovium, muscle, and peripheral blood, as well as cells from extra-embryonic tissues, ESCs, and iPSCs. Additionally, we assess chondrogenic induction with growth factors, identifying standard cocktails used for each stem cell type. Cell-only (pellet) and scaffold-based studies are also included, as is a discussion of in vivo results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia S Beane
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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23
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Zucchelli M, Ström S, Holm F, Malmgren H, Sahlén S, Religa P, Hovatta O, Kere J, Inzunza J. In vivo differentiated human embryonic stem cells can acquire chromosomal aberrations more frequently than in vitro during the same period. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3363-71. [PMID: 22709429 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are regarded as a promising approach to generate transplantable cells for the treatment of several diseases. These cells offer an immense potential as a source of cells for regenerative medicine, but the possible ability of these cells to produce tumors in vivo presents a major impediment for the achievement of this potential in clinical reality. hESCs can obtain growth advantages in vitro by acquired mutations, a phenomenon called culture adaptation. The most common chromosome modifications involve chromosomes 12, 17, and X. The mechanisms that may influence chromosome modification in hESCs are not well known. We have performed a comparative in vitro and in vivo study on 3 hESC lines produced in our laboratory to see if there are changes also during in vivo growth. In vivo differentiated cells and in vitro cultured hESCs were analyzed by using a high-resolution Affymetrix SNP 6.0 array revealing DNA copy number variations. We were able, for the first time, to identify chromosomal aberrations that had occurred in vivo in one out of the 3 hESC lines. In the hESC line HS364 differentiated in vivo, an amplification of the whole X chromosome was detected, possibly due to mosaicism of XY and XX cells. In the hESC line HS366, array results showed small amplifications and gains. The third hESC line (HS368) was less altered, but contained also a new gain verified by fluorescent in situ hybridization in a teratoma in 21% of the cells. These results indicate that mutations occur during the in vivo differentiation process as well as in vitro. The potential of precancerous mutations in in-vivo conditions is important to consider for safety measures, and underlines the necessity to remove all pluripotent stem cells from the differentiated cell population that will be transplanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zucchelli
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ma Y, Gu J, Li C, Wei X, Tang F, Shi G, Jiang J, Kuang Y, Li J, Wang Z, Xie X, Jin Y. Human foreskin fibroblast produces interleukin-6 to support derivation and self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:29. [PMID: 22849865 PMCID: PMC3580467 DOI: 10.1186/scrt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide an attractive cell source for basic research and disease treatment. Currently, the common culture system for mouse ESC requires mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) as a feeder layer supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). The drawbacks associated with MEF and the cost of LIF have motivated exploration of new feeder cell types to maintain self-renewal of mouse ESCs without the need of exogenous LIF. However, why these feeder cells could maintain ESCs at the undifferentiated state independent of exogenous LIF is unclear. Methods We derived mouse ESC lines using human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) in the absence of exogenous LIF. We also examined the dependence of HFF on the JAK-Stat3 pathway to maintain ESC identities and explored the potential molecular basis for HFF to support self-renewal of ESCs. Results HFF supported mouse ESC self-renewal superiorly to MEFs. Using the HFF system, multiple lines of mouse ESCs were successfully derived without addition of exogenous LIF and any small molecular inhibitors. These ESCs had capacities to self-renew for a long period of time and to differentiate into various cell types of the three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the ESCs participated in embryonic development and contributed to germ cell lineages in the chimeric mouse. At a molecular level, HFF was dependent on the JAK-Stat3 pathway to maintain ESC self-renewal. The high level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by HFF might be responsible for the exogenous LIF-independent effect. Conclusion This study describes an efficient, convenient and economic system to establish and maintain mouse ESC lines, and provides insights into the functional difference in the support of ESC culture between MEF and HFF.
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25
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Stephenson E, Jacquet L, Miere C, Wood V, Kadeva N, Cornwell G, Codognotto S, Dajani Y, Braude P, Ilic D. Derivation and propagation of human embryonic stem cell lines from frozen embryos in an animal product-free environment. Nat Protoc 2012; 7:1366-81. [PMID: 22722371 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2012.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The protocols described here are comprehensive instructions for deriving human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines in xeno-free conditions from cryopreserved embryos. Details are included for propagation, cryopreservation and characterization. Initial derivation is on feeder cells and is followed by adaptation to a feeder-free environment; competent technicians can perform these simplified methods easily. From derivation to cryopreservation of fully characterized initial stocks takes 3-4 months. These protocols served as the basis for standard operating procedures (SOPs), with both operational and technical components, that we set to meet good manufacturing practice (GMP) and UK regulatory body requirements for derivation of clinical-grade cells. As such, these SOPs are currently used in our current GMP compliant facility to derive hES cell lines ab initio, in an animal product-free environment; these lines are suitable for research and potentially for clinical use in cell therapy. So far, we have derived eight clinical-grade lines, which will be freely available to the scientific community after submission/accession to the UK Stem Cell Bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Stephenson
- Embryonic Stem Cell Laboratories, Guy's Assisted Conception Unit, Division of Women's Health, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK
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26
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Tannenbaum SE, Tako Turetsky T, Singer O, Aizenman E, Kirshberg S, Ilouz N, Gil Y, Berman-Zaken Y, Perlman TS, Geva N, Levy O, Arbell D, Simon A, Ben-Meir A, Shufaro Y, Laufer N, Reubinoff BE. Derivation of xeno-free and GMP-grade human embryonic stem cells--platforms for future clinical applications. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35325. [PMID: 22745653 PMCID: PMC3380026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically compliant human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) should be developed in adherence to ethical standards, without risk of contamination by adventitious agents. Here we developed for the first time animal-component free and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant hESCs. After vendor and raw material qualification, we derived xeno-free, GMP-grade feeders from umbilical cord tissue, and utilized them within a novel, xeno-free hESC culture system. We derived and characterized three hESC lines in adherence to regulations for embryo procurement, and good tissue, manufacturing and laboratory practices. To minimize freezing and thawing, we continuously expanded the lines from initial outgrowths and samples were cryopreserved as early stocks and banks. Batch release criteria included DNA-fingerprinting and HLA-typing for identity, characterization of pluripotency-associated marker expression, proliferation, karyotyping and differentiation in-vitro and in-vivo. These hESCs may be valuable for regenerative therapy. The ethical, scientific and regulatory methodology presented here may serve for development of additional clinical-grade hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly E. Tannenbaum
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tikva Tako Turetsky
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orna Singer
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Einat Aizenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sophie Kirshberg
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nili Ilouz
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Gil
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yael Berman-Zaken
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Temima Schnitzer Perlman
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitshia Geva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Levy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Arbell
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alex Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Assaf Ben-Meir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoel Shufaro
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Neri Laufer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Benjamin E. Reubinoff
- The Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
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Krylova TA, Koltsova AM, Zenin VV, Musorina AS, Yakovleva TK, Poljanskaya GG. Comparative characteristics of new lines of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, bone marrow, and foreskin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x12020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nat R, Salti A, Suciu L, Ström S, Dechant G. Pharmacological modulation of the Hedgehog pathway differentially affects dorsal/ventral patterning in mouse and human embryonic stem cell models of telencephalic development. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1016-46. [PMID: 22204396 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex set of extrinsic and intrinsic signals acts in specific temporal and spatial orders to enable neural differentiation during development. These processes have been extensively studied in animal models, but human neural development remains much less understood. This lack of detailed information about human early neurogenesis is a hindrance for the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell lines into specific neuronal phenotypes. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the interspecies comparative approaches. We describe a novel model system in which in vitro differentiation of human and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are temporally aligned to each other and compared with mouse telencephalic neurogenesis in vivo. In this comparative model system, we tested the in vitro role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling for ES cell-derived telencephalic differentiation. In vivo, Hh signaling mediates dorsal/ventral patterning during early stages of telencephalic development. We monitored the effect of pharmacological modulators of the Hh signaling pathway, purmorphamine-an agonist and cyclopamine-an antagonist of the Smoothened receptor (Smo), on the expression of region-specific transcription factors and signaling molecules relevant for telencephalic development in vivo. Purmorphamine strongly upregulated the expression of telencephalic ventral markers Nkx2.1, Nkx6.2, Lhx6, and Lhx8 in mouse and human cells, thus reflecting the in vivo process of the medial ganglionic eminence patterning and specification. Cyclopamine upregulated the expression of telencephalic dorsal markers, but at lower levels in human compared with mouse cells. Modulation of Smo in vitro differentially affected, in mouse and human cells, the expression of molecules of the Hh pathway, especially the Gli1 and Gli3 effectors, Sonic Hh ligand and Ptch receptors. These results provide evidence for the different default differentiation of mouse and human ES cells and prove the utility of the comparative system for optimizing the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nat
- Institute for Neuroscience, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Yabut O, Bernstein HS. The promise of human embryonic stem cells in aging-associated diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 3:494-508. [PMID: 21566262 PMCID: PMC3156600 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging-associated diseases are often caused by progressive loss or dysfunction of cells that ultimately affect the overall function of tissues and organs. Successful treatment of these diseases could benefit from cell-based therapy that would regenerate lost cells or otherwise restore tissue function. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) promise to be an important therapeutic candidate in treating aging-associated diseases due to their unique capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. To date, there are numerous hESC lines that have been developed and characterized. We will discuss how hESC lines are derived, their molecular and cellular properties, and how their ability to differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers is determined. We will also outline the methods currently employed to direct their differentiation into populations of tissue-specific, functional cells. Finally, we will highlight the general challenges that must be overcome and the strategies being developed to generate highly-purified hESC-derived cell populations that can safely be used for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa Yabut
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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30
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Hongisto H, Vuoristo S, Mikhailova A, Suuronen R, Virtanen I, Otonkoski T, Skottman H. Laminin-511 expression is associated with the functionality of feeder cells in human embryonic stem cell culture. Stem Cell Res 2011; 8:97-108. [PMID: 22099024 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast feeder cells play an important role in supporting the derivation and long term culture of undifferentiated, pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The feeder cells secrete various growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins into extracellular milieu. However, the roles of the feeder cell-secreted factors are largely unclear. Animal feeder cells and use of animal serum also make current feeder cell culture conditions unsuitable for derivation of clinical grade hESCs. We established xeno-free feeder cell lines using human serum (HS) and studied their function in hESC culture. While human foreskin fibroblast (hFF) feeder cells were clearly hESC supportive, none of the established xeno-free human dermal fibroblast (hDF) feeder cells were able to maintain undifferentiated hESC growth. The two fibroblast types were compared for their ECM protein synthesis, integrin receptor expression profiles and key growth factor secretion. We show that hESC supportive feeder cells produce laminin-511 and express laminin-binding integrins α3ß1, α6ß1 and α7ß1. These results indicate specific laminin isoforms and integrins in maintenance of hESC pluripotency in feeder-dependent cultures. In addition, several genes with a known or possible role for hESC pluripotency were differentially expressed in distinct feeder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hongisto
- Regea - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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31
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Kol’tsova AM, Gordeeva OF, Krylova TA, Lifantseva NV, Musorina AS, Yakovleva TK, Poljanskaya GG. Comparative characteristics of new human embryonic stem cell lines SC5, SC6, SC7, and SC3a. Russ J Dev Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360411040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ben-Yosef D, Amit A, Malcov M, Frumkin T, Ben-Yehudah A, Eldar I, Mey-Raz N, Azem F, Altarescu G, Renbaum P, Beeri R, Varshaver I, Eldar-Geva T, Epsztejn-Litman S, Levy-Lahad E, Eiges R. Female sex bias in human embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:363-72. [PMID: 21585244 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors limiting the rather inefficient derivation of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the sex ratio in our 42 preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)-HESC lines, in an attempt to verify its affect on the establishment of HESC lines. The ratio between male and female PGD-derived cell lines was compared. We found a significant increase in female cell lines (76%). This finding was further confirmed by a meta-analysis for combining the results of all PGD-derived HESC lines published to date (148) and all normal karyotyped HESC lines derived from spare in vitro fertilization embryos worldwide (397). Further, gender determination of embryos demonstrated that this difference originates from the actual derivation process rather than from unequal representation of male and female embryos. It can therefore be concluded that the clear-cut tendency for female preponderance is attributed to suboptimal culture conditions rather than from a true gender imbalance in embryos used for derivation of HESC lines. We propose a mechanism in which aberrant X chromosome inactivation and/or overexpression of critical metabolic X-linked genes might explain this sex dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Ben-Yosef
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ström S, Rodriguez-Wallberg K, Holm F, Bergström R, Eklund L, Strömberg AM, Hovatta O. No relationship between embryo morphology and successful derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15329. [PMID: 21217828 PMCID: PMC3013107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The large number (30) of permanent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and additional 29 which did not continue growing, in our laboratory at Karolinska Institutet have given us a possibility to analyse the relationship between embryo morphology and the success of derivation of hESC lines. The derivation method has been improved during the period 2002–2009, towards fewer xeno-components. Embryo quality is important as regards the likelihood of pregnancy, but there is little information regarding likelihood of stem cell derivation. Methods We evaluated the relationship of pronuclear zygote stage, the score based on embryo morphology and developmental rate at cleavage state, and the morphology of the blastocyst at the time of donation to stem cell research, to see how they correlated to successful establishment of new hESC lines. Results Derivation of hESC lines succeeded from poor quality and good quality embryos in the same extent. In several blastocysts, no real inner cell mass (ICM) was seen, but permanent well growing hESC lines could be established. One tripronuclear (3PN) zygote, which developed to blastocyst stage, gave origin to a karyotypically normal hESC line. Conclusion Even very poor quality embryos with few cells in the ICM can give origin to hESC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wicklund L, Leão RN, Strömberg AM, Mousavi M, Hovatta O, Nordberg A, Marutle A. Β-amyloid 1-42 oligomers impair function of human embryonic stem cell-derived forebrain cholinergic neurons. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15600. [PMID: 21179413 PMCID: PMC3003688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is associated with a decline in the levels of growth factors, impairment of axonal transport and marked degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs). Neurogenesis persists in the adult human brain, and the stimulation of regenerative processes in the CNS is an attractive prospect for neuroreplacement therapy in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. Currently, it is still not clear how the pathophysiological environment in the AD brain affects stem cell biology. Previous studies investigating the effects of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide on neurogenesis have been inconclusive, since both neurogenic and neurotoxic effects on progenitor cell populations have been reported. In this study, we treated pluripotent human embryonic stem (hES) cells with nerve growth factor (NGF) as well as with fibrillar and oligomeric Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 (nM-µM concentrations) and thereafter studied the differentiation in vitro during 28-35 days. The process applied real time quantitative PCR, immunocytochemistry as well as functional studies of intracellular calcium signaling. Treatment with NGF promoted the differentiation into functionally mature BFCNs. In comparison to untreated cells, oligomeric Aβ1-40 increased the number of functional neurons, whereas oligomeric Aβ1-42 suppressed the number of functional neurons. Interestingly, oligomeric Aβ exposure did not influence the number of hES cell-derived neurons compared with untreated cells, while in contrast fibrillar Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 induced gliogenesis. These findings indicate that Aβ1-42 oligomers may impair the function of stem cell-derived neurons. We propose that it may be possible for future AD therapies to promote the maturation of functional stem cell-derived neurons by altering the brain microenvironment with trophic support and by targeting different aggregation forms of Aβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Wicklund
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richardson N. Leão
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuronal Oscillation Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Strömberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malahat Mousavi
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amelia Marutle
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Alzheimer Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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