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Sarri L, Balcells J, Seradj AR, de la Fuente G. Protein turnover in pigs: A review of interacting factors. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:451-469. [PMID: 37975299 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein turnover defines the balance between two continuous and complex processes of protein metabolism, synthesis and degradation, which determine their deposition in tissues. Although the liver and intestine have been studied extensively for their important roles in protein digestion, absorption and metabolism, the study of protein metabolism has focused mainly on skeletal muscle tissue to understand the basis for its growth. Due to the high adaptability of skeletal muscle, its protein turnover is greatly affected by different internal and external factors, contributing to carcass lean-yield and animal growth. Amino acid (AA) labelling and tracking using isotope tracer methodology, together with the study of myofiber type profiling, signal transduction pathways and gene expression, has allowed the analysis of these mechanisms from different perspectives. Positive stimuli such as increased nutrient availability in the diet (e.g., AA), physical activity, the presence of certain hormones (e.g., testosterone) or a more oxidative myofiber profile in certain muscles or pig genotypes promote increased upregulation of translation and transcription-related genes, activation of mTORC1 signalling mechanisms and increased abundance of satellite cells, allowing for more efficient protein synthesis. However, fasting, animal aging, inactivity and stress, inflammation or sepsis produce the opposite effect. Deepening the understanding of modifying factors and their possible interaction may contribute to the design of optimal strategies to better control tissue growth and nutrient use (i.e., protein and AA), and thus advance the precision feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sarri
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida- Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Joaquim Balcells
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida- Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ahmad Reza Seradj
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida- Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
| | - Gabriel de la Fuente
- Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat de Lleida- Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Lleida, Spain
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2
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Della Peruta C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Renzini A, Moresi V, Sanchez Riera C, Bouché M, Coletti D. Sex Differences in Inflammation and Muscle Wasting in Aging and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054651. [PMID: 36902081 PMCID: PMC10003083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Only in recent years, thanks to a precision medicine-based approach, have treatments tailored to the sex of each patient emerged in clinical trials. In this regard, both striated muscle tissues present significant differences between the two sexes, which may have important consequences for diagnosis and therapy in aging and chronic illness. In fact, preservation of muscle mass in disease conditions correlates with survival; however, sex should be considered when protocols for the maintenance of muscle mass are designed. One obvious difference is that men have more muscle than women. Moreover, the two sexes differ in inflammation parameters, particularly in response to infection and disease. Therefore, unsurprisingly, men and women respond differently to therapies. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview on what is known about sex differences in skeletal muscle physiology and disfunction, such as disuse atrophy, age-related sarcopenia, and cachexia. In addition, we summarize sex differences in inflammation which may underly the aforementioned conditions because pro-inflammatory cytokines deeply affect muscle homeostasis. The comparison of these three conditions and their sex-related bases is interesting because different forms of muscle atrophy share common mechanisms; for instance, those responsible for protein dismantling are similar although differing in terms of kinetics, severity, and regulatory mechanisms. In pre-clinical research, exploring sexual dimorphism in disease conditions could highlight new efficacious treatments or recommend implementation of an existing one. Any protective factors discovered in one sex could be exploited to achieve lower morbidity, reduce the severity of the disease, or avoid mortality in the opposite sex. Thus, the understanding of sex-dependent responses to different forms of muscle atrophy and inflammation is of pivotal importance to design innovative, tailored, and efficient interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Della Peruta
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Institute of Nanotechnology (Nanotec), National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carles Sanchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marina Bouché
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Dario Coletti
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm U1164, 75005 Paris, France
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Mortreux M, Rosa‐Caldwell ME, Stiehl ID, Sung D, Thomas NT, Fry CS, Rutkove SB. Hindlimb suspension in Wistar rats: Sex-based differences in muscle response. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15042. [PMID: 34612585 PMCID: PMC8493566 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground-based animal models have been used extensively to understand the effects of microgravity on various physiological systems. Among them, hindlimb suspension (HLS), developed in 1979 in rats, remains the gold-standard and allows researchers to study the consequences of total unloading of the hind limbs while inducing a cephalic fluid shift. While this model has already brought valuable insights to space biology, few studies have directly compared functional decrements in the muscles of males and females during HLS. We exposed 28 adult Wistar rats (14 males and 14 females) to 14 days of HLS or normal loading (NL) to better assess how sex impacts disuse-induced muscle deconditioning. Females better maintained muscle function during HLS than males, as shown by a more moderate reduction in grip strength at 7 days (males: -37.5 ± 3.1%, females: -22.4 ± 6.5%, compared to baseline), that remains stable during the second week of unloading (males: -53.3 ± 5.7%, females: -22.4 ± 5.5%, compared to day 0) while the males exhibit a steady decrease over time (effect of sex × loading p = 0.0002, effect of sex × time × loading p = 0.0099). This was further supported by analyzing the force production in response to a tetanic stimulus. Further functional analyses using force production were also shown to correspond to sex differences in relative loss of muscle mass and CSA. Moreover, our functional data were supported by histomorphometric analyzes, and we highlighted differences in relative muscle loss and CSA. Specifically, female rats seem to experience a lesser muscle deconditioning during disuse than males thus emphasizing the need for more studies that will assess male and female animals concomitantly to develop tailored, effective countermeasures for all astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mortreux
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Caldwell
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian D. Stiehl
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Dong‐Min Sung
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicholas T. Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical NutritionUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical NutritionUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Jones MD, Wewege MA, Hackett DA, Keogh JWL, Hagstrom AD. Sex Differences in Adaptations in Muscle Strength and Size Following Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:503-517. [PMID: 33332016 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in muscle size and strength occur with aging. These changes can be mitigated by participation in resistance training. At present, it is unknown if sex contributes to differences in adaptation to resistance training in older adults. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to determine if sex differences are apparent in adaptations to resistance training in older adults. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Web of Science; Science Direct; SPORTDiscus; CINAHL; and MEDLINE were searched from inception to June 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies where males and females older than 50 years of age performed identical resistance training interventions and had outcome measures of muscle strength or size. RESULTS We initially screened 5337 studies. 30 studies (with 41 comparison groups) were included in our review (1410 participants; 651 males, 759 females). Mean study quality was 14.7/29 on a modified Downs and Black checklist, considered moderate quality. Females gained more relative lower-body strength than males (g = - 0.21 [95% CI - 0.33, - 0.10], p = 0.0003) but there were no differences in relative change for upper-body strength (g = - 0.29 [95% CI - 0.62, 0.04], p = 0.08) or relative muscle size (g = 0.10 [95% CI - 0.04, 0.23], p = 0.16). Males gained more absolute upper-body strength (g = 0.48 [95% CI 0.09, 0.88], p = 0.016), absolute lower-body strength (g = 0.33 [95% CI 0.19, 0.47], p < 0.0001), and absolute muscle size (g = 0.45 [95% CI 0.23, 0.66], p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that sex differences in adaptations to resistance training are apparent in older adults. However, it is evident that the interpretation of sex-dependent adaptations to resistance training is heavily influenced by the presentation of the results in either an absolute or relative context. STUDY REGISTRATION Open Science Framework (osf.io/afn3y/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Jones
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael A Wewege
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel A Hackett
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Faculty Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin W L Keogh
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Human Potential Centre, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Cluster for Health Improvement, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amanda D Hagstrom
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Greene NP. Muscle metabolism and atrophy: let's talk about sex. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:43. [PMID: 31462271 PMCID: PMC6714453 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health is a strong predictor of overall health and longevity. Pathologies affecting skeletal muscle such as cancer cachexia, intensive care unit treatment, muscular dystrophies, and others are associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Recent research has begun to determine that these muscular pathologies appear to present and develop differently between males and females. However, to our knowledge, there has yet to be a comprehensive review on musculoskeletal differences between males and females and how these differences may contribute to sex differences in muscle pathologies. Herein, we present a review of the current literature on muscle phenotype and physiology between males and females and how these differences may contribute to differential responses to atrophic stimuli. In general, females appear to be more susceptible to disuse induced muscle wasting, yet protected from inflammation induced (such as cancer cachexia) muscle wasting compared to males. These differences may be due in part to differences in muscle protein turnover, satellite cell content and proliferation, hormonal interactions, and mitochondrial differences between males and females. However, more works specifically examining muscle pathologies in females are necessary to more fully understand the inherent sex-based differences in muscle pathologies between the sexes and how they may correspond to different clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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6
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Cho H, Lee A, Kim K. The effect of serum types on Chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. Biomater Res 2018; 22:6. [PMID: 29556415 PMCID: PMC5845156 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-018-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most essential supplement in culture media for cellular proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. However, due to a limited supply and subsequently rising prices, a series of studies have investigated a biological feasibility of replaceable serums to substitute FBS. Along with the increasing interests to manufacture stem cell-based cellular products, optimizing the composition of culture media including serums and exogenous growth factors (GFs) is of importance. In this experiment, the effect of bovine serum (BS) and newborn calf serum (NCS) on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation capacity of human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) was evaluated, especially in the chondrogenically supplemented culture condition. Methods ADSCs were chondrogenically cultured with FBS, BS, and NCS for 14 days. For the acceleration of in vitro chondrogenesis, exogenous insulin-like growth factor and transforming growth factor-β3 were added. Viability and proliferation of ADSCs were evaluated using Live/Dead fluorescence staining and DNA amount, respectively. To investigate a chondrogenic differentiation, a series of assays were performed including a quantification of glycosaminoglycan deposition, alcian blue staining, and RT-PCR analysis for type II collagen, aggrecan and Sox-9 genes. Results The results demonstrated that proliferation of ADSCs was facilitated in FBS condition as compared with other serum types. For chondrogenic marker gene expression, serum substitutes enhanced Sox-9 expression level on day 14. The deposition of glycosaminoglycan was more facilitated in BS condition regardless of additional chondrogenic GFs. Conclusion It could be presumably speculated that serum types and exogenous supplements of GFs could also be important parameters to optimize culture media composition, especially in order to maintain the enhanced levels of both proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of ADSCs during expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeran Cho
- Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 South Korea
| | - Aeri Lee
- Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 South Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 South Korea
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7
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Cho JH, Jeong JY, Lee RH, Park MN, Kim SH, Park SM, Shin JC, Jeon YJ, Shim JH, Choi NJ, Seo KS, Cho YS, Kim MS, Ko S, Seo JM, Lee SY, Chae JI, Lee HJ. Regional Differences of Proteins Expressing in Adipose Depots Isolated from Cows, Steers and Bulls as Identified by a Proteomic Approach. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1197-206. [PMID: 27165017 PMCID: PMC4932575 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue in the loin muscle area of beef cattle as a marbling factor is directly associated with beef quality. To elucidate whether properties of proteins involved in depot specific adipose tissue were sex-dependent, we analyzed protein expression of intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and omental adipose tissue (OMAT) from Hanwoo cows, steers, and bulls of Korean native beef cattle by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomic analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Two different adipose depots (i.e. intramuscular and omental) were collected from cows (n = 7), steers (n = 7), or bulls (n = 7). LC-MS/MS revealed a total of 55 and 35 proteins in IMAT and OMAT, respectively. Of the 55 proteins identified, 44, 40, and 42 proteins were confirmed to be differentially expressed in IMAT of cows, steers, and bulls, respectively. In OMAT of cows, steers, and bulls, 33, 33, and 22 were confirmed to be differentially expressed, respectively. Tropomyosin (TPM) 1, TPM 2, and TPM3 were subjected to verification by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis in IMAT and OMAT of Hanwoo cows, steers, and bulls as key factors closely associated with muscle development. Both mRNA levels and protein levels of TPM1, TPM2, and TPM3 in IMAT were lower in bulls compared to in cows or steers suggesting that they were positively correlated with marbling score and quality grade. Our results may aid the regulation of marbling development and improvement of meat quality grades in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Korea
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal science, Jeonju 565-851, Korea
| | - Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Korea
| | - Mi Na Park
- Animal Products Utilization Division, National Institute of Animal science, Jeonju 565-851, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Kim
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & BioTechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Min Park
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang Technopark, Pohang 37668, Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 534-729, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Mokpo 534-729, Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Korea
| | - MinSeok S Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Sungho Ko
- Department of Applied Bioscience, CHA University, Seongnam 463-836, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Seo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bio-Science and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Seung-Youp Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Animal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Jeonju 565-851, Korea
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Areta JL, Hawley JA, Ye JM, Chan MS, Coffey VG. Increasing leucine concentration stimulates mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling and cell growth in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Nutr Res 2014; 34:1000-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Park J, Park J, Nahm SS, Choi I, Kim J. Identification of anti-adipogenic proteins in adult bovine serum suppressing 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. BMB Rep 2014; 46:582-7. [PMID: 24195790 PMCID: PMC4133865 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation is a complex developmental process forming adipocytes from various precursor cells. The murine 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line has been most frequently used in the studies of adipocyte differentiation. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes includes a medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) with hormonal induction. In this study, we observed that differentiation medium containing adult bovine serum (ABS) instead of FBS did not support differentiation of preadipocytes. Impaired adipocyte differentiation was due to the presence of a serum protein factor in ABS that suppresses differentiation of preadipocytes. Using a proteomic analysis, alpha-2-macroglobulin and paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, which were previously shown to suppress differentiation of preadipocytes, were identified as anti-adipogenic proteins. Although their functional mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, the anti-adipogenic effects of these proteins are discussed. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(12): 582-587]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jihoe Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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10
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Lee EJ, Malik A, Pokharel S, Ahmad S, Mir BA, Cho KH, Kim J, Kong JC, Lee DM, Chung KY, Kim SH, Choi I. Identification of genes differentially expressed in myogenin knock-down bovine muscle satellite cells during differentiation through RNA sequencing analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92447. [PMID: 24647404 PMCID: PMC3960249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) consisting of MyoD, Myf5, myogenin (MyoG) and MRF4 characterizes various phases of skeletal muscle development including myoblast proliferation, cell-cycle exit, cell fusion and the maturation of myotubes to form myofibers. Although it is well known that the function of MyoG cannot be compensated for other MRFs, the molecular mechanism by which MyoG controls muscle cell differentiation is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, RNA-Seq technology was applied to profile changes in gene expression in response to MyoG knock-down (MyoGkd) in primary bovine muscle satellite cells (MSCs). RESULTS About 61-64% of the reads of over 42 million total reads were mapped to more than 13,000 genes in the reference bovine genome. RNA-Seq analysis identified 8,469 unique genes that were differentially expressed in MyoGkd. Among these genes, 230 were up-regulated and 224 were down-regulated by at least four-fold. DAVID Functional Annotation Cluster (FAC) and pathway analysis of all up- and down-regulated genes identified overrepresentation for cell cycle and division, DNA replication, mitosis, organelle lumen, nucleoplasm and cytosol, phosphate metabolic process, phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, cytoskeleton and cell morphogenesis, signifying the functional implication of these processes and pathways during skeletal muscle development. The RNA-Seq data was validated by real time RT-PCR analysis for eight out of ten genes as well as five marker genes investigated. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first RNA-Seq based gene expression analysis of MyoGkd undertaken in primary bovine MSCs. Computational analysis of the differentially expressed genes has identified the significance of genes such as SAP30-like (SAP30L), Protein lyl-1 (LYL1), various matrix metalloproteinases, and several glycogenes in myogenesis. The results of the present study widen our knowledge of the molecular basis of skeletal muscle development and reveal the vital regulatory role of MyoG in retaining muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeel Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Smritee Pokharel
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarafraz Ahmad
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Cho
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Chan Kong
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mok Lee
- Biomedical Manufacturing Technology Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yong Chung
- Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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11
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Lee EJ, Kamli MR, Pokharel S, Malik A, Tareq KMA, Roouf Bhat A, Park HB, Lee YS, Kim S, Yang B, Young Chung K, Choi I. Expressed sequence tags for bovine muscle satellite cells, myotube formed-cells and adipocyte-like cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79780. [PMID: 24224006 PMCID: PMC3818215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle satellite cells (MSCs) represent a devoted stem cell population that is responsible for postnatal muscle growth and skeletal muscle regeneration. An important characteristic of MSCs is that they encompass multi potential mesenchymal stem cell activity and are able to differentiate into myocytes and adipocytes. To achieve a global view of the genes differentially expressed in MSCs, myotube formed-cells (MFCs) and adipocyte-like cells (ALCs), we performed large-scale EST sequencing of normalized cDNA libraries developed from bovine MSCs. Results A total of 24,192 clones were assembled into 3,333 clusters, 5,517 singletons and 3,842contigs. Functional annotation of these unigenes revealed that a large portion of the differentially expressed genes are involved in cellular and signaling processes. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) functional analysis of three subsets of highly expressed gene lists (MSC233, MFC258, and ALC248) highlighted some common and unique biological processes among MSC, MFC and ALC. Additionally, genes that may be specific to MSC, MFC and ALC are reported here, and the role of dimethylargininedimethylaminohydrolase2 (DDAH2) during myogenesis and hemoglobinsubunitalpha2 (HBA2) during transdifferentiation in C2C12 were assayed as a case study. DDAH2 was up-regulated during myognesis and knockdown of DDAH2 by siRNA significantly decreased myogenin (MYOG) expression corresponding with the slight change in cell morphology. In contrast, HBA2 was up-regulated during ALC formation and resulted in decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and CD36 mRNA expression upon knockdown assay. Conclusion In this study, a large number of EST sequences were generated from the MSC, MFC and ALC. Overall, the collection of ESTs generated in this study provides a starting point for the identification of novel genes involved in MFC and ALC formation, which in turn offers a fundamental resource to enable better understanding of the mechanism of muscle differentiation and transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Majid Rasool Kamli
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Smritee Pokharel
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeel Malik
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - K. M. A. Tareq
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Roouf Bhat
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Park
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - SangHoon Kim
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohsuk Yang
- Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Chung
- Hanwoo Experiment Station, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Pyeongchang, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IC); (KYC)
| | - Inho Choi
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Bovine Genome Resources Bank, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IC); (KYC)
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Yu JE, Kim M, Pokharel S, Kim J, Choi I, Choe NH, Nahm SS. Potential use of adult bovine serum obtained during the slaughtering process as a biological reagent. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.772073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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13
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Lee EJ, Pokharel S, Kim JH, Nam SS, Choi IH. Effect of Gender-Specific Adult Bovine Serum on Gene Expression During Myogenesis. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2012.54.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Lee EJ, Kamli MR, Bhat AR, Pokharel S, Lee DM, Kim SH, Kim TIL, Hong S, Choi I. Effect of porcine placenta steroid extract on myogenic satellite cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, and lipid accumulation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:326-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Lee EJ, Bajracharya P, Lee DM, Kang SW, Lee YS, Lee HJ, Hong SK, Chang J, Kim JW, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Choi I. Gene expression profiles during differentiation and transdifferentiation of bovine myogenic satellite cells. Genes Genomics 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-011-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Kim MS, Yu JE, Min KH, Kim JH, Choi IH, Nahm SS. Assessing Biological Safety of the Hanwoo Serum Obtained During Slaughtering Process. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2012.54.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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