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Wang H, Sun Y, Yin C, Gao J, Hu J, Sung C, Wang C, Wang Z. Unraveling the interactions of Esteya vermicola, pinewood nematode, and pine hosts: Insights into population dynamics and molecular responses. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142948. [PMID: 39059633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Esteya vermicola has shown promise as an efficient biological control agent against pine wilt disease, a devastating disease in pine forests caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). However, the in vivo interactions among E. vermicola, PWN, and pine hosts are less understood, both at the population and molecular levels. In this study, we performed a series of bioassays to investigate E. vermicola colonization patterns in pine xylem and its population responses to PWN invasion in healthy and PWN-induced wilting trees. Our results demonstrated that although E. vermicola exhibits slow growth, its conidia germinate and grew along the pine tracheid, even producing lunate conidia capable of initiating PWN infections within the xylem. Interestingly, while fungal hyphae became undetectable in pine sapling xylem after inoculation, the E. vermicola population increased immediately in response to PWN invasion. Furthermore, we observed a "leap-frog" dispersal pattern of fungal colonization in PWN-induced wilting pines, facilitated by the migration of fungal-infected nematodes. Moreover, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal tolerance to pine defense systems using transcriptomic analysis. Comparative transcriptomics revealed that carbohydrate metabolism and abiotic stress-induced oxidoreductive activities are involved in the fungal tolerance to the pine defense compound β-pinene. This study enhances our understanding of how E. vermicola colonizes and persists within pine xylem, its molecular responses to plant defense compounds, and its population dynamics upon PWN invasion, validating its efficacy as a biocontrol agent against pine wilt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, FL, USA
| | - Yulou Sun
- Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, China
| | - Can Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jingfei Hu
- College of Technology and Data, Yantai Nanshan University, Yantai, China
| | - Chungkeun Sung
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chunyan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Linyi University, Linyi, China.
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Ouyang X, Fan Q, Chen A, Huang J. Effects of trunk injection with emamectin benzoate on arthropod diversity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:935-946. [PMID: 36309931 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wood nematode is a major plant quarantine object in the world. Trunk injection is an effective method for controlling pests that cause disease. To evaluate the ecological safety of trunk injection with emamectin benzoates in forests of Pinus massoniana, the community diversity and community composition of soil arthropods and flying insects (Hymenoptera) were studied at different stages of trunk injection. RESULTS The dominant taxonomic groups of soil arthropods were Collembola (30.80%), Insecta (26.42%), and Arachnida (23.84%). The taxonomic groups of flying insects (Hymenoptera) were Ichneumonidae (48.94%), Formicidae (14.10%), and Braconidae (8.44%). Trunk injection with emamectin benzoate has no significant effect on the community diversity indices of total soil arthropods and flying insects (Hymenoptera). However, it has a significant effect on the community diversity indices of detritivores for soil arthropods. It changed the community composition of soil arthropods but did not impact the community composition of flying insects (Hymenoptera). Redundancy analysis of arthropod community structure and environmental variables showed that total potassium, residual of green leaf, and residual of litter leaf have a significant impact on the community structure of soil arthropods, and total phosphorus, total nitrogen, water content, organic matter, and total potassium have a significant impact on the community structure of flying insects (Hymenoptera). CONCLUSION Trunk injection with emamectin benzoate is safe for the ecological environment. This study provides a new insight into the field for the prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease, which is of great significance to forest management and pest control. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianheng Ouyang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Huang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Xie Y, Liu B, Gao K, Zhao Y, Li W, Deng L, Zhou Z, Liu Q. Comprehensive Analysis and Functional Verification of the Pinus massoniana NBS-LRR Gene Family Involved in the Resistance to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1812. [PMID: 36768136 PMCID: PMC9915305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus massoniana Lamb. is a crucial timber and resin conifer in China, but its plantation industry is threatened by outbreaks of pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode; PWN). However, as of yet, there is no comprehensive analysis of NBS-LRR genes in P. massoniana involved in its defense against PWN. In this study, 507 NBS genes were identified in the transcriptome of resistant and susceptible P. masoniana inoculated with the PWN. The phylogenetic analysis and expression profiles of resistant and susceptible P. massoniana revealed that the up-regulated PmNBS-LRR97 gene was involved in conferring resistance to PWN. The results of real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that PmNBS-LRR97 was significantly up-regulated after PWN infection, especially in the stems. Subcellular localization indicated that PmNBS-LRR97 located to the cell membrane. PmNBS-LRR97 significantly activated the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes in P. massoniana. In addition, the overexpression of PmNBS-LRR97 was capable of promoting the production of ROS, aiding in plant growth and development. In summary, PmNBS-LRR97 participates in the defense response to PWN and plays an active role in conferring resistance in P. massoniana. This finding provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism of the R gene in P. massoniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Xie
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Faculty of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Yunxiao Zhao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Zhichun Zhou
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding, Hangzhou 311400, China
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Li L, Sun Y, Chen F, Hao D, Tan J. An alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus NJSZ-13 can act as a pathogenicity factor in infection of pinewood nematode. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:10. [PMID: 36627592 PMCID: PMC9830832 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are an important biological control for nematodes. We isolated the nematicidal Bacillus cereus NJSZ-13 from healthy Pinus elliottii trunks. Bioassay experiments showed killing of all tested nematodes by proteins from the NJSZ-13 culture filtrate within 72 h. Degradation of the nematode cuticles was observed, suggesting the action of extracellular bacterial enzymes. The responsible protease was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and SDS-PAGE. The protease had a molecular weight of 28 kDa and optimal activity at 55 °C and pH 9, indicating an alkaline protease. The study suggests the potential for using this B. cereus NJSZ-13 strain protease to prevent pinewood nematode infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Li
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.418515.cInstitute of Biology Co., Ltd., Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengmao Chen
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dejun Hao
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Tan
- grid.410625.40000 0001 2293 4910College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Xie W, Xu X, Qiu W, Lai X, Liu M, Zhang F. Expression of PmACRE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana enables host defence against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:541. [PMID: 36418942 PMCID: PMC9682698 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a destructive disease that endangers pine trees, resulting in the wilting, with yellowing and browning of the needles, and eventually the death of the trees. Previous studies showed that the Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited (PmACRE1) gene was downregulated by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection, suggesting a correlation between PmACRE1 expression and pine tolerance. Here, we used the expression of PmACRE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana to evaluate the role of PmACRE1 in the regulation of host defence against B. xylophilus infection. RESULTS Our results showed that the transformation of PmACRE1 into A. thaliana enhanced plant resistance to the pine wood nematode (PWN); that is, the leaves of the transgenic line remained healthy for a longer period than those of the blank vector group. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and total phenolic acid and total flavonoid contents were higher in the transgenic line than in the control line. Widely targeted metabolomics analysis of the global secondary metabolites in the transgenic line and the vector control line showed that the contents of 30 compounds were significantly different between these two lines; specifically, the levels of crotaline, neohesperidin, nobiletin, vestitol, and 11 other compounds were significantly increased in the transgenic line. The studies also showed that the ACRE1 protein interacted with serine hydroxymethyltransferase, catalase domain-containing protein, myrosinase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, ketol-acid reductoisomerase, geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase, S-adenosylmethionine synthase, glutamine synthetase, and others to comprehensively regulate plant resistance. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that PmACRE1 has a potential role in the regulation of plant defence against PWNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Xie
- Jinshan College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Lai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Ecological Forests, Fujian Province University, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China.
- Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China.
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Shen J, Zhang C, Zhang S, Chen F, Pei F, Zhou S, Lin H. Screening, isolation and mechanism of a nematicidal extract from actinomycetes against the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Li M, Li H, Ding X, Wang L, Wang X, Chen F. The Detection of Pine Wilt Disease: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810797. [PMID: 36142710 PMCID: PMC9505960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a global quarantine disease of forests that mainly affects Pinaceae species. The disease spreads rapidly. Once infected, pine trees have an extremely high mortality rate. This paper provides a summary of the common techniques used to detect PWD, including morphological-, molecular-, chemical- and physical-based methods. By comprehending the complex relationship among pinewood nematodes, vectors and host pine trees and employing the available approaches for nematode detection, we can improve the implementation of intervention and control measures to effectively reduce the damage caused by PWD. Although conventional techniques allow a reliable diagnosis of the symptomatic phase, the volatile compound detection and remote sensing technology facilitate a rapid diagnosis during asymptomatic stages. Moreover, the remote sensing technology is capable of monitoring PWD over large areas. Therefore, multiple perspective evaluations based on these technologies are crucial for the rapid and effective detection of PWD.
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Maehara N, Aikawa T, Kanzaki N, Nakamura K. Transfer of four isolates of Bursaphelenchus doui into Monochamus alternatus and potential vector switching of the nematode. NEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-bja10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
To reinforce vector-switching potential of Bursaphelenchus doui in its ecological and evolutionary contexts, we tested our previous hypothesis that “B. doui (or its ancestor) was transferred by Acalolepta fraudatrix, Acalolepta sejuncta, and/or Monochamus subfasciatus (or their ancestral species) from broad-leaved trees to conifers, switched vectors from these cerambycid beetles to Monochamus beetles in conifers, and then evolved into the common ancestor of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus”. The affinity of four B. doui isolates and one B. xylophilus isolate for Monochamus alternatus was tested using our simple nematode-loading method to the beetle, and the affinity was assessed based on the nematode loads on the beetles. Phoretic stages of two B. doui isolates obtained from Monochamus saltuarius and Pinus densiflora showed loading levels similar to that of B. xylophilus, which were significantly higher than those of the other two B. doui isolates obtained from A. fraudatrix and M. subfasciatus. This result indicates that the first two isolates of B. doui derived from a conifer-using beetle and a coniferous tree adapt to M. alternatus better than the last two isolates associated with beetles using broad-leaved trees. The data reinforce that vector switching of B. doui could have occurred during the evolutionary history of the B. xylophilus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Maehara
- Department of Forest Entomology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Takuya Aikawa
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Natsumi Kanzaki
- Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 68 Nagaikyutaroh, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612-0855, Japan
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Tohoku Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 92-25 Nabeyashiki, Shimo-Kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
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Tang X, Yuan Y, Li X, Zhang J. Maximum Entropy Modeling to Predict the Impact of Climate Change on Pine Wilt Disease in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:652500. [PMID: 33968109 PMCID: PMC8102737 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.652500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease is a devastating forest disease caused by the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which has been listed as the object of quarantine in China. Climate change influences species and may exacerbate the risk of forest diseases, such as the pine wilt disease. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model was used in this study to identify the current and potential distribution and habitat suitability of three pine species and B. xylophilus in China. Further, the potential distribution was modeled using the current (1970-2000) and the projected (2050 and 2070) climate data based on two representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5), and fairly robust prediction results were obtained. Our model identified that the area south of the Yangtze River in China was the most severely affected place by pine wilt disease, and the eastern foothills of the Tibetan Plateau acted as a geographical barrier to pest distribution. Bioclimatic variables related to temperature influenced pine trees' distribution, while those related to precipitation affected B. xylophilus's distribution. In the future, the suitable area of B. xylophilus will continue to increase; the shifts in the center of gravity of the suitable habitats of the three pine species and B. xylophilus will be different under climate change. The area ideal for pine trees will migrate slightly northward under RCP 8.5. The pine species will continue to face B. xylophilus threat in 2050 and 2070 under the two distinct climate change scenarios. Therefore, we should plan appropriate measures to prevent its expansion. Predicting the distribution of pine species and the impact of climate change on forest diseases is critical for controlling the pests according to local conditions. Thus, the MaxEnt model proposed in this study can be potentially used to forecast the species distribution and disease risks and provide guidance for the timely prevention and management of B. xylophilus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdan Yuan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangming Li
- College of Materials Sciences and Technology, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Kang MK, Kim MH, Liu MJ, Jin CZ, Park SH, Lee JM, Kim J, Park DJ, Park HR, Kim YH, Kim CJ. Nematicidal activity of teleocidin B4 isolated from Streptomyces sp. against pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1607-1615. [PMID: 32954637 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a plant disease that causes serious damage to pine trees. PWD occurs when the host plant is infected with pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this study, a compound with nematicidal activity was isolated from actinomycetes and its efficacy was investigated in vitro. RESULT We screened and selected Streptomyces sp. 680560, which had nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, it showed 99.93% similarity with Streptomyces blastmyceticus NRRB-5480T . Furthermore, the active compound was isolated and identified as teleocidin B4. Teleocidin B4 at concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 100 μM had low nematicidal activity after 24 and 36 h against adult and stage juveniles (J2) of B. xylophilus, but after 48 h nematicidal activity exceeded 95%. The rate of inhibition of egg hatching for Teleocidin B4 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μM was confirmed to be dose-dependently inhibited after 48 h of treatment. Teleocidin B4 is not only toxic to hatched B. xylophilus, but also affects egg hatching. CONCLUSION This study was carried out to isolate actinomycete metabolites from pine tree endophytes from various natural environments for control of PWD. A compound with nematicidal activity was isolated from a selected strain and its structure was identified as teleocidin B4. The nematicidal effect of the isolated active substance, teleocidin B4, was confirmed. This is the first report of the effect of teleocidin B4 on B. xylophilus, suggesting its possibility as a PWD control agent. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Kang
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Anticancer Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, South Korea
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si, South Korea
| | - Min-Jiao Liu
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chun Zhi Jin
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - So Hee Park
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junheon Kim
- Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hae-Ryong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Changwon-si, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Jin Kim
- Industrial Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
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Han G, Mannaa M, Kim N, Jeon HW, Jung H, Lee HH, Kim J, Park J, Park AR, Kim JC, Seo YS. Response of Pine Rhizosphere Microbiota to Foliar Treatment with Resistance-Inducing Bacteria against Pine Wilt Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040688. [PMID: 33810444 PMCID: PMC8065550 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two bacterial strains, IRP7 and IRP8, were selected to induce resistance against pine wilt disease (PWD). Foliar application with these strains to nematode-inoculated pine seedlings significantly reduced PWD severity. The effect of nematode inoculation and bacterial treatment on the rhizosphere bacterial community was investigated. The results indicated that the rhizosphere of nematode-inoculated seedlings contained a lower relative abundance of beneficial microbes such as Paraburkholderia, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobacter, Lysobacter, and Caballeronia. Bacterial treatment resulted in significant changes in the microbes that were represented in relatively low relative abundance. Treatment with IRP7 resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Nitrospirillum, Bacillus, and Luteibacter, which might be useful for protection against infection. Treatment with IRP8 resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of obligate bacterial predators of the Bdellovibrio genus that were previously shown to control several bacterial phytopathogens and may have a role in the management of nematode-carried bacteria. The selected bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis IRP7 and Lysobacter enzymogenes IRP8 and are suggested as a potential treatment for induced resistance against PWD. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of foliar treatment with resistance-inducing bacteria on the rhizosphere microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Mohamed Mannaa
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Namgyu Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Hee Won Jeon
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (H.W.J.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Junheon Kim
- Forest Insect Pests and Diseases Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Korea;
| | - Jungwook Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
- Environmental Microbiology Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju 37242, Korea
| | - Ae Ran Park
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (H.W.J.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Jin-Cheol Kim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (H.W.J.); (A.R.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.-C.K.); (Y.-S.S.)
| | - Young-Su Seo
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea; (G.H.); (M.M.); (N.K.); (H.J.); (H.-H.L.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (J.-C.K.); (Y.-S.S.)
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12
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Maehara N, Kanzaki N, Aikawa T, Nakamura K. Potential vector switching in the evolution of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus group nematodes (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14320-14329. [PMID: 33391718 PMCID: PMC7771127 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To show the importance of vector switching of nematodes in the evolution of the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus group, we tested a hypothesis that "Bursaphelenchus doui (or its ancestor) was transferred by Acalolepta fraudatrix, Acalolepta sejuncta, and/or Monochamus subfasciatus (or their ancestral species) from broad-leaved trees to conifers, switched vectors from these cerambycid beetles to Monochamus beetles in conifers, and then evolved into the common ancestor of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus and B. xylophilus." We used a simple nematode-loading method to beetles and produced 20 binary combinations of five B. xylophilus group species and four cerambycid beetle species in the tribe Lamiini. The affinity of the nematodes for the beetles was examined based on phoretic stage formation of the nematodes. Phoretic stages of B. doui appeared in all beetle species examined, namely Acalolepta luxuriosa, Psacothea hilaris, A. fraudatrix, and Monochamus alternatus, although the affinity of the nematode for M. alternatus was weak. This finding indicates that B. doui could switch vectors to conifer-using Monochamus beetles after transfer by A. fraudatrix from broad-leaved trees to conifers. We conclude that vector switching of nematodes could have potentially happened during the evolutionary history of the B. xylophilus group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritoshi Maehara
- Department of Forest EntomologyForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukubaJapan
| | - Natsumi Kanzaki
- Kansai Research CenterForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteKyotoJapan
| | - Takuya Aikawa
- Tohoku Research CenterForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteMoriokaJapan
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Tohoku Research CenterForestry and Forest Products Research InstituteMoriokaJapan
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13
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Comparative Transcriptomic Response of Two Pinus Species to Infection with the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a serious threat to global forest populations of conifers, in particular Pinus spp. Recently, the presence of PWN was reported in dead Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis) trees under natural conditions. To further understand the potential impact caused by PWN in Yunnan pine populations, a transcriptional profiling analysis was performed over different time points (0 hours (h), 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days) after PWN inoculation. A total of 9961 differentially expressed genes were identified after inoculation, which suggested a dynamic response against the pathogen, with a more intense pattern at 48 h after inoculation. The results also highlighted a set of biological mechanisms triggered after inoculation that provide valuable information regarding the response of Yunnan pine to PWN infection. When compared with maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), the Yunnan pine response was less complex and involved a smaller number of differentially expressed genes, which may be associated with the increased degree of resistance to PWN displayed by Yunnan pine. These results revealed different strategies to cope with PWN infection by these two pine species, which display contrasting degrees of susceptibility, especially in the timely perception of the infection and response magnitude.
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14
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Ponpandian LN, Rim SO, Shanmugam G, Jeon J, Park YH, Lee SK, Bae H. Phylogenetic characterization of bacterial endophytes from four Pinus species and their nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12457. [PMID: 31462655 PMCID: PMC6713757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, bacterial endophytes (BEs) have gained importance in the agricultural sector for their use as biocontrol agents to manage plant pathogens. Outbreak of the pine wilt disease (PWD) in Korea has led researchers to test the feasibility of BEs in controlling the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this study, we have reported the diversity and biocontrol activity of BEs against the PWN. By employing a culture-dependent approach, 1,622 BEs were isolated from the needle, stem, and root tissues of P. densiflora, P. rigida, P. thunbergii, and P. koraiensis across 18 sampling sites in Korea. We classified 389 members based on 16S rDNA analysis and taxonomic binning, of which, 215 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were determined. Using Shannon’s indices, diversity across the Pinus species and tissues was estimated to reveal the composition of BEs and their tissue-specific preferences. When their ethyl acetate crude extracts were analysed for biocontrol activity, 44 candidates with nematicidal activity were obtained. Among these, Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus sp. exhibited significant inhibitory activity against PWN during their developmental stages. Altogether, our study furnishes a basic comprehension of bacterial communities found in the Pinus species and highlights the potential of BEs as biocontrol agents to combat PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon Ok Rim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Gnanendra Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hwan Park
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Keun Lee
- Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Awan AU, Ozair M, Din Q, Hussain T. Stability analysis of pine wilt disease model by periodic use of insecticides. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2016; 10:506-524. [PMID: 27584035 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2016.1225828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work is related to qualitative behaviour of an epidemic model of pine wilt disease. More precisely, we proved that the reproductive number has sharp threshold properties. It has been shown that how vector population can be reduced by the periodic use of insecticides. Numerical simulations show that epidemic level of infected vectors becomes independent of saturation level by including the transmission through mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah Awan
- a Department of Mathematics , University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ozair
- b Department of Mathematics , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Attock , Pakistan
| | - Qamar Din
- c Department of Mathematics , The University of Poonch Rawalakot , Rawalakot , Pakistan
| | - Takasar Hussain
- b Department of Mathematics , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Attock , Pakistan
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16
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Feng K, Li R, Chen Y, Zhao B, Yin T. Sequencing and Analysis of the Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A Genome: A Pathogen Living in the Surface Coat of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141515. [PMID: 26517369 PMCID: PMC4627797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that several bacteria are adherent to the surface coat of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), but their function and role in the pathogenesis of pine wilt disease remains debatable. The Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A is a bacterium isolated from the surface coat of pine wood nematodes. In previous studies, GcM5-1A was evident in connection with the pathogenicity of pine wilt disease. In this study, we report the de novo sequencing of the GcM5-1A genome. A 600-Mb collection of high-quality reads was obtained and assembled into sequence contigs spanning a 6.01-Mb length. Sequence annotation predicted 5,413 open reading frames, of which 2,988 were homologous to genes in the other four sequenced P. fluorescens isolates (SBW25, WH6, Pf0-1 and Pf-5) and 1,137 were unique to GcM5-1A. Phylogenetic studies and genome comparison revealed that GcM5-1A is more closely related to SBW25 and WH6 isolates than to Pf0-1 and Pf-5 isolates. Towards study of pathogenesis, we identified 79 candidate virulence factors in the genome of GcM5-1A, including the Alg, Fl, Waa gene families, and genes coding the major pathogenic protein fliC. In addition, genes for a complete T3SS system were identified in the genome of GcM5-1A. Such systems have proved to play a critical role in subverting and colonizing the host organisms of many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Although the functions of the candidate virulence factors need yet to be deciphered experimentally, the availability of this genome provides a basic platform to obtain informative clues to be addressed in future studies by the pine wilt disease research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ronggui Li
- Department of Biology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingnan Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Boguang Zhao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (TY)
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- * E-mail: (BZ); (TY)
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17
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Yu J, Du G, Li R, Li L, Li Z, Zhou C, Chen C, Guo D. Nematicidal activities of bacterial volatiles and components from two marine bacteria, Pseudoalteromonas marina strain H-42 and Vibrio atlanticus strain S-16, against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. NEMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial volatiles represent an important source for new natural nematicidal compounds that may be developed as novel nematicidal agents to control plant-parasitic nematodes. In this study, two marine bacteria,Pseudoalteromonas marinastrain H-42 andVibrio atlanticusstrain S-16, were isolated from seawater and the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians), respectively, collected from the subtidal beds at Qingdao, China.In vitrobioassays indicated that culture supernatants of the two bacteria displayed strong nematicidal activities with corrected mortalities of more than 93% after 24 h exposure against the pine wood nematode (PWN),Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Maximal nematicidal activity was exhibited by culture supernatants of the two marine bacteria incubated at 15-20°C for 3 days in Zobell 2216E medium prepared with 100% seawater and initial pH 6.0-7.0, inoculating 19-h-old cultures. Through analysis using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, the volatiles produced by the two bacteria were shown to contain mainly dimethyl disulphide, benzaldehyde, dimethyl trisulphide,tert-butylamine, acetone and dimethylamine, N-(diisopropylphosphino)methyl-. Results from nematicidal assay using pure commercial compounds instead of the candidate volatiles demonstrated that the four volatile compounds, dimethyl trisulphide (LC90 = 0.060 mmol l−1), benzaldehyde (LC90 = 0.309 mmol l−1), dimethyl disulphide (LC90 = 0.162 mmol l−1) andtert-butylamine (LC90 = 0.366 mmol l−1), showed strong nematicidal activities against PWN. This is the first report on the nematicidal activity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from marine microorganisms. This study indicates that the nematicidal VOC produced by marine bacteria are potential substitutes for current chemical control options of pine wilt disease caused by PWN which greatly threatens global forest resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Guicai Du
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ronggui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Zi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Daosen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
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Andrade FAD, Calonego FW, Severo ETD, Furtado EL. Selection of fungi for accelerated decay in stumps of Eucalyptus spp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:456-461. [PMID: 22336745 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to select decay fungi for biological degradation of stumps and roots from Eucalyptus spp. in forest stands. Five fungal isolates were cultured. Subsequently, inoculated in accelerated-decay tests and field tests with tree stumps of Eucalyptus spp. present in a stand belonging to Votorantim Company were conducted. The results showed that: (1) the decay of stumps by Pycnoporus sanguineus and Ganoderma applanatum increased by up to 49.2% and 48.9%, respectively; (2) the enclosing stumps in a polyninyl chloride resulted in a reduced on the resistance due to enhanced decay as measured by an inpact penetrometer in the forest stands at Luiz Antônio, Capão Bonito, and Jacareí, SP, Brazil; and (3) the selected fungi did not show any pathogenic potential toward seedlings and adult trees. This study presents the foundation for the development of a biological system for stump removal in forest stands comprising Eucalyptus spp.
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