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Olas B, Różański W, Urbańska K, Sławińska N, Bryś M. New Light on Plants and Their Chemical Compounds Used in Polish Folk Medicine to Treat Urinary Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:435. [PMID: 38675397 PMCID: PMC11054606 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review contains the results of Polish (Central Europe) ethnomedical studies that describe the treatment of urinary tract diseases with wild and cultivated plants. The study includes only the plants that are used to treat the urinary tract, excluding prostate diseases. A review of the literature was carried out to verify the pharmacological use of the plants mentioned in the interviews. Based on this, the study reviews the pharmacological activities of all the recorded species and indicates their most important chemical compounds. Fifty-three species (belonging to 30 families) were selected for the study. The Compositae (eight species), Rosaceae (six species), and Apiaceae (six species) are the most common families used in the treatment of urinary diseases in Polish folk medicine. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that many of these plant species have beneficial properties, such as diuretic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activity, or the prevention of urinary stone formation. These effects are exerted through different mechanisms, for example, through the activation of bradykinin B2 receptors, inhibition of xanthine oxidase, or inhibition of Na+-K+ pump. Many plants used in folk medicine are rich in phytochemicals with proven effectiveness against urinary tract diseases, such as rutin, arbutin, or triterpene saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Różański
- Clinic of Urology and Urological Oncology, Medical University of Łódź, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Pabianicka 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karina Urbańska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Natalia Sławińska
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Bryś
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
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Naringenin induces intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways in cancer cells: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro and in vivo data. Nutr Res 2022; 105:33-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cudrania tricuspidata Root Extract Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress via Regulation of the PKC-NOX4 Pathway in Human Kidney Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5511881. [PMID: 33859775 PMCID: PMC8026309 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes, and methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive carbonyl species causing oxidative stress that contributes to the induction of inflammatory response in kidney cells. Cudrania tricuspidata (CT), cultivated in Northeast Asia, has been used as traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including neuritis, liver damage, and cancer. In this study, we determined whether a CT root extract (CTRE) can prevent MGO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation and assessed underlying mechanisms using a kidney epithelial cell line, HK-2. We observed that CTRE inhibited MGO-induced ROS production. Additionally, CTRE ameliorated the activation of MGO-induced inflammatory signaling pathways such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). Consistent with these results, expressions of p-nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) and inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6, were decreased when compared with MGO-only exposed HK-2 cells. CTRE alleviated the MGO-induced decrease in nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expressions. MGO induced the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4); CTRE pretreatment inhibited this induction. Further studies revealed that the NOX4 expression was inhibited owing to the suppression of MGO-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation following CTRE treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that CTRE attenuates MGO-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via inhibition of PKC activation and NOX4 expression, as well as upregulating the Nrf2-antioxidant enzyme pathway in HK-2 cells.
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Kim JY, Jo J, Leem J, Park KK. Kahweol Ameliorates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Pleiotropic Effects in Mice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120572. [PMID: 33291262 PMCID: PMC7762132 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, but its clinical use is frequently limited by its nephrotoxicity. The pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains incompletely understood, but oxidative stress, tubular cell death, and inflammation are considered important contributors to cisplatin-induced renal injury. Kahweol is a natural diterpene extracted from coffee beans and has been shown to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its role in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity remains undetermined. Therefore, we investigated whether kahweol exerts a protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal injury. Additionally, its mechanisms were also examined. Administration of kahweol attenuated renal dysfunction and histopathological damage together with inhibition of oxidative stress in cisplatin-injected mice. Increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 and decreased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase after cisplatin treatment were significantly reversed by kahweol. Moreover, kahweol inhibited cisplatin-induced apoptosis and necroptosis in the kidneys. Finally, kahweol reduced inflammatory cytokine production and immune cell accumulation together with suppression of nuclear factor kappa-B pathway and downregulation of vascular adhesion molecules. Together, these results suggest that kahweol ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury via its pleiotropic effects and might be a potential preventive option against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Jungmin Jo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea;
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
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Ekpo DE, Joshua PE, Ogidigo JO, Nwodo OFC. High resolution UPLC-PDA-QTOF-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the flavonoid-rich fraction of Lasianthera africana leaves, and in vivo evaluation of its renal and cardiac function effects. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04154. [PMID: 32642576 PMCID: PMC7334432 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lasianthera africana P. Beauv. (Icacinaceae) is a traditional Nigerian medicinal plant used for treatment of ulcers, diarrhea, parasitic infections and diabetes. This study was aimed at characterizing the bioactive principles extractable from the flavonoid-rich fraction of L. africana leaves (LAFRF), and to evaluate its effects on renal and cardiac functions. Isolation, and purification of the LAFRF was achieved using standard methods. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated on DPPH∗ and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). The total flavonoids (281.05 ± 7.44 mg QE/g), were identified, structurally characterized and quantified using high resolution ultra-performance liquid chromatography, in tandem with quadrupole-time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (UPLC-PDA-QTOF-ESI-MS/MS). Fifty Wistar rats of both sexes (110-130 g), were distributed into 10 groups (n = 5). Groups 1 and 2 served as the normal and CCl4 controls respectively. Groups 3A-6B constituted the preventive and curative studies. The effects of the LAFRF at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg body weight on urea and creatinine concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) activities of CCl4-intoxicated rats were assessed. The LAFRF displayed remarkable in vitro antioxidant property by scavenging the DPPH∗, with an IC50 of 5.40 ± 0.00 μg/ml which is more potent than the scavenging activity of the ascorbic acid (IC50 of 7.18 ± 0.00 μg/ml), and also effectively reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+ when compared to gallic acid. The UPLC-PDA-QTOF-ESI-MS/MS fingerprint of the LAFRF indicated presence of quercetin (758983.6 mg/kg), rutin (17540.4 mg/kg), luteolin (126524.3 mg/kg), isorhamnetin (197949.0 mg/kg), and other non-phenolic compounds. The LAFRF significantly (p < 0.05) improved renal function, and normalized cardiac enzyme activities in vivo. The ability of the LAFRF to scavenge the DPPH and Fe3+ radicals, improve renal and cardiac functions following CCl4 intoxication shows its potential in the development of alternative therapy for combating oxidative stress-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Emmanuel Ekpo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Parker Elijah Joshua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Oloaigbe Ogidigo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA), Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Okwesilieze Fred Chiletugo Nwodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, 410001, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, University of Mkar, Mkar, Benue State, Nigeria
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Protective Effects of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Fruit Extract against Palmitate-Induced Lipotoxicity in Mesangial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:4509403. [PMID: 30728845 PMCID: PMC6341277 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4509403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications of diabetes. Lipotoxicity in glomerular mesangial cells is associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Paper mulberry, Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold (BK), has been used in oriental medicine for human health problems. However, to date, the beneficial effect of BK fruit has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of an ethanolic extract of BK fruit (BKFE) against palmitate- (PA-) induced toxicity in mesangial cells. BKFE significantly increased the viability of PA-treated SV40 MES13 cells. BKFE significantly inhibited PA-induced apoptosis and decreased the expression of apoptotic genes, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP. Moreover, BKFE inhibited the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes, such as BiP, phosphorylated eIF2α, cleaved ATF6, and spliced XBP-1, in PA-treated SV40 MES13 cells. BKFE decreased PA-induced ROS production. In addition, BKFE activated the transcription factor Nrf2 and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes. However, knockdown of Nrf2 using siRNA suppressed this BKFE-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme expression. Furthermore, the protective effect of BKFE on PA-induced apoptosis was significantly reduced by Nrf2 knockdown. In conclusion, BKFE induced the expression of antioxidant enzymes via activation of Nrf2 and protected against PA-induced lipotoxicity in mesangial cells.
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Nirumand MC, Hajialyani M, Rahimi R, Farzaei MH, Zingue S, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Dietary Plants for the Prevention and Management of Kidney Stones: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518971 PMCID: PMC5877626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract system. Various human studies have suggested that diets with a higher intake of vegetables and fruits play a role in the prevention of kidney stones. In this review, we have provided an overview of these dietary plants, their main chemical constituents, and their possible mechanisms of action. Camellia sinensis (green tea), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Rubia cordifolia (common madder), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Pistacia lentiscus (mastic), Solanum xanthocarpum (yellow-fruit nightshade), Urtica dioica (stinging nettle), Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), Ammi visnaga (khella), Nigella sativa (black-cumin), Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), and Origanum vulgare (oregano) have received considerable interest based on scientific evidence. Beside these dietary plants, phytochemicals—such as catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, diosmin, rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, and curcumin—as antioxidant dietary phyto-phenols were found to be effective for the prevention of urolithiasis (the process of stone formation in the urinary tract). The main underlying mechanisms of these dietary plants and their isolated phytonutrients in the management of urolithiasis include diuretic, antispasmodic, and antioxidant activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on crystallization, nucleation, and aggregation of crystals. The results as presented in this review demonstrate the promising role of dietary plants and phytophenols in the prevention and management of kidney stones. Further investigations are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Cheraghi Nirumand
- Office of Persian Medicine, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Hajialyani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416663361, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua 55, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde 812, Cameroon.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
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Brown AC. Kidney toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 3 of 5 series. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 107:502-519. [PMID: 28755953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No tabular summary of potentially life-threatening, kidney-toxic dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs) based on PubMed case reports is currently available online and continually updated to forewarn United States consumers, clinicians, and companies manufacturing DS. The purpose of this review was to create an online research summary table of kidney toxicity case reports related to DS. METHODS Documented PubMed case reports (1966 to May 2016, and cross-referencing) of DS appearing to contribute to kidney toxicity were listed in "DS Toxic Tables." Keywords included "herb" or "dietary supplement" combined with "kidney" to generate an overview list, and possibly "toxicity" to narrow the selection. Case reports were excluded if they involved herb combinations (some exceptions), Chinese herb mixtures, teas of mixed herb contents, mushrooms, poisonous plants, self-harm, excessive doses (except vitamins/minerals), legal or illegal drugs, drug-herbal interactions, and confounders of drugs or diseases. Since commercial DS often include a combination of ingredients, they were treated separately; so were foods. A few foods with kidney-toxic effects were listed in a fourth table. The spectrum of herbal or DS-induced kidney injuries included kidney stones, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, necrosis, acute kidney injury (AKI; previously known as acute renal failure [ARF]), chronic kidney disease, kidney transplant, and death. RESULTS Approximately 7 herbs (minus 4 no longer for sale) and 10 dietary supplements (minus 3 excluded due to excessive doses + germanium that is no longer sold) have been related to kidney injury case reports published in PubMed (+crosslisting) in the last 50 + years (1966 to May 2016). The implicated herbs include Chinese yew (Taxus celbica) extract, impila (Callilepis laureola), morning cypress (Cupressus funebris Endl), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), thundergod vine (Tripterygium wilfordii hook F), tribulus (Tribulus terrestris) and wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba). No longer sold in the United States are chocolate vine or mu tong (Caulis aristolochiae), guang fang ji (Aristolochia fangchi), ma huang (Ephedra sinica), and Tenshin Tokishigyaku-ka-goshuyu-shokyo-to. The DS include bile (sheep), chlorella, chromium (Cr), CKLS, creatine, gallbladder (fish), glucosamine, hydrazine, N.O.-Xplode, Spanish fly, and excess intakes of vitamins A, C, and D. Germanium (Ge) is not available for sale. The top two DS with the largest number of reported publications, but not always case reports, in descending order, were the aristolochic acid-containing herbs guang fang ji (mistaken identity) and chocolate vine or mu tong. The remaining DS featured one to three publications over a 50+ year period. Numerous case reports were reported for kidney-toxic foods: djenkol bean, gallbladders (carp fish, pufferfish, & snake), and star fruit (only in chronic kidney disease patients), and uncooked yam powder or juice. CONCLUSION This online "DS Toxic Table" provides clinicians, consumers, and manufacturers with a list of herbs that could potentially contribute to kidney injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Christine Brown
- Department of Complementary and Alternative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, 651 Ilalo Street, MEB 223, Honolulu, HI, USA; University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Kumar M, Dahiya V, Kasala ER, Bodduluru LN, Lahkar M. The renoprotective activity of hesperetin in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in rats: Molecular and biochemical evidence. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1207-1215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Arora P, Kaushik D. Therapeutic potential of Benincasa cerifera: A review. Chin J Integr Med 2016:10.1007/s11655-016-2589-8. [PMID: 27465423 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Benincasa cerifera (Savi.), belonging to Cucurbitaceae, is an annual creepy wine that posses highm edicinal value and istraditionally used as fruit and medicine throughout India. In Indian system of medicine, its fruit is used as nutritive, tonic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, styptic, vermifuge and in various diseases and disorders like asthma, bronchitis, insanity, epilepsy, dry cough, fever, urethrorrhea, syphilis, hyperdipsia and vitiated conditions of pitta, etc. Phytochemically the plant is found to contain lupeol, β-sitosterol, cucurbitacin B, iso-vitexin, etc. It has been demonstrated to posses numerous pharmacological activities such as antiepileptic, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, analgesic, immunopotentiator and anxiolytic, etc. In the present review there is a detailed description of its botany, phytochemistry, ethno-botany and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjul Arora
- Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Dhirender Kaushik
- Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
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Gamboa-Gómez C, Pérez-Ramírez IF, González-Gallardo A, Gallegos-Corona MA, Ibarra-Alvarado C, Reynoso-Camacho R. Effect of C
itrus paradisi
and O
cimum sanctum
Infusions on Blood Pressure Regulation and Its Association with Renal Alterations in Obese Rats. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana González-Gallardo
- Facultad de Proteogenómica, Instituto de Neurobiología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Querétaro México
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Patel K, Singh GK, Patel DK. A Review on Pharmacological and Analytical Aspects of Naringenin. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 24:551-560. [PMID: 25501296 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a widely distributed group of phytochemicals having benzo-pyrone nucleus, and more than 4,000 different flavonoids have been described and categorized into flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, catechins and anthocyanidins. Flavonoids occurs naturally in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and beverages such as coffee, tea, and red wine, as well as in medical herbs. Flavonoids are responsible for the different colors of plant parts and are important constituents of the human diet. Flavanoids have different pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-allergic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticancer activity. Naringenin belongs to the flavanones and is mainly found in fruits (grapefruit and oranges) and vegetables. Pharmacologically, it has anticancer, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiproliferative and antiatherogenic activities. Naringenin is used for the treatments of osteoporosis, cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and showed lipid-lowering and insulin-like properties. In the present review, detailed pharmacological and analytical aspects of naringenin have been presented, which revealed the impressive pharmacological profile and the possible usefulness in the treatment of different types of diseases in the future. The information provided in this communication will act as an important source for development of effective medicines for the treatment of various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Patel
- G.L.A Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Mathura, India
| | - Gireesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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