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Zhou L, Luo JL, Sun A, Yang HY, Lin YQ, Han L. Clinical efficacy and molecular mechanism of Chinese medicine in the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117689. [PMID: 38160869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Autoimmune Thyroiditis (AIT) is a common refractory autoimmune disease of the endocrine system that may eventually lead to complete loss of thyroid function, with subsequent severe effects on the metabolism. Because of the deficiency in current clinical management of AIT, the need for alternative therapies is highlighted. With its multi-component and multi-target characteristics, Chinese medicine has good potential as an alternative therapy for AIT. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of TCM and its active ingredients in the treatment and regulation of AIT. Additionally, we provide an in-depth discussion of the relevant mechanisms and molecular targets to understand the protective effects of traditional Chinese medicine on AIT and explore new ideas for clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature related to "Hashimoto", "autoimmune thyroiditis", "traditional Chinese medicine," and "Chinese herbal medicine" was systematically summarized and reviewed from Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, CNKI, and other databases. Domestic and international literature were analyzed, compared, and reviewed. RESULTS An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that herbal medicines can intervene in immunomodulation, with pharmacological effects such as antibody lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic thyroid follicular cells, regulation of intestinal flora, and regulation of estrogen and progesterone levels. The signaling pathways and molecular targets of the immunomodulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicine for AIT may include Fas/FasL, Caspase, BCL-2, and TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB et al. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Chinese herbs in the treatment and management of AIT is clinically experienced, satisfactory, and safe. Future studies may evaluate the influence of herbal medicines on the occurrence and development of AIT by modulating the interaction between immune factors and conventional signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhou
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, North Line Court, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jin-Li Luo
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, North Line Court, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China; Guangdong e-fong Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Qifeng Industrial Road, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528244, China
| | - Aru Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, No.1035 Boshuo Road, Economic Development Zone, Jingyue Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, North Line Court, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yi-Qun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital South Campus, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.138, Section 2, Xingfeng Street, Daxing District, Beijing, 100105, China.
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5, North Line Court, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Qin L, Yan Z, Wu L, Liu T. Dioscin Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis via the mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2273-2285. [PMID: 37551407 PMCID: PMC10404412 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s410901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common autoimmune disease that causes thyroid dysfunction. Clinical symptoms in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients were improved after oral administration of dioscin. However, the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effect remain unclear. METHODS The protective effects and potential mechanisms of dioscin for autoimmune thyroiditis were explored in a rat model of thyroglobulin-induced autoimmune thyroiditis. Firstly, the rat model of AIT was obtained by subcutaneous injection of thyroglobulin and drinking the sodium iodide solution, followed by gavage administration for 8 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after anaesthesia, serum and thyroid samples were preserved. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Morphological changes were observed by H&E staining. Next, we used transcriptomics techniques to find the potential therapeutic target of dioscin. Finally, we validated the transcriptomic results by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), respectively. RESULTS Animal experiments showed that dioscin regulated T3, T4, FT3, TSH, TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb and alleviated the pathological process in a dose-dependent manner, with the high-dose group showing optimal efficacy. In the transcriptome, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was identified by KEGG enrichment analysis and validated by RT-PCR and IHC-P. The relative expression of NF-κB, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein were decreased in the dioscin-treated group compared to the AIT model group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dioscin treatment improved thyroid function and downregulated TGAb, TPOAb and TRAb levels in rat models of AIT, which may alleviate the pathological process and suppress the inflammatory response by inhibiting mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Xu L, Wang Q, Li C, Zhang T, Xing S, Yu X. LINC01061 triggers inflammation and inflammasome activation in autoimmune thyroiditis via microRNA-612/BRD4 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109050. [PMID: 35998503 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Considering the significance of LINC01061 in papillary thyroid cancer, here, we commenced to study the role of LINC01061 in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and the potential mechanism. Thyroid tissues were attained from patients with AITD, and Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by measurement of LINC01061, microRNA (miR)-612, and BRD4 expression as well as their binding relation. The ectopic expression and silencing experimentations were carried out in LPS-induced Nthy-ori 3-1 cells to detect cell viability and apoptosis as well as inflammation and inflammasome. BRD4 and LINC01061 upregulation and miR-612 downregulation were observed in thyroid tissues of AITD patients and LPS-induced Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Mechanistic analysis manifested that LINC01061 bound to miR-612 that negatively targeted BRD4. LINC01061 upregulated BRD4 to enhance cell viability, trigger inflammation and inflammasome activation but reduce apoptosis of LPS-induced Nthy-ori 3-1 cells by sponging miR-612. In conclusion, LINC01061 induced the occurrence of AITD by upregulation of miR-612-mediated BRD4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Qilu Medical College, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shichao Xing
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Zhang C, Qin L, Sun B, Wu Y, Zhong F, Wu L, Liu T. Transcriptome analysis of the effect of diosgenin on autoimmune thyroiditis in a rat model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6401. [PMID: 33737640 PMCID: PMC7973441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In a mouse model of Graves' disease (GD), diosgenin has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on GD by alleviating goitre. However, research on the effect of diosgenin on autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is lacking. In this study, transcriptomics was used to comprehensively analyse the protective effect of diosgenin against AIT in rats and the possible mechanism. The results showed that in the diosgenin-intervention group, compared to the model group, the expression of serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine was decreased and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone was increased; these changes were accompanied by the downregulation of thyroglobulin, TSH receptor antibody and thyroid peroxidase expression in serum. Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups. In summary, diosgenin alleviates the development of AIT, possibly via the activation of the cAMP/PKA/Creb pathway and downregulation of S100A9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Boju Sun
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You Wu
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Zhong
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Wu M, Deng Y, Li S, Chen Y, Guo D, Jin X, Xu Q, Li B, Li F. The Immunoregulatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Psoriasis via its Action on Interleukin: Advances and Considerations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:739-750. [PMID: 29737208 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by clinical manifestations of erythema and white scales. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is not yet clear. Despite a combination of hormonal therapy and physiotherapy used in Western medicine, the condition often relapses after withdrawal of drugs. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has therapeutic features and may be a clinically effective formula by regulating unbalanced immune systems, such as by targeting interleukins. In this paper, we review recent research about how Chinese medicine immunoregulates psoriasis via interleukins, and systematically summarizes the related mechanisms. There are three common pathways leading to psoriasis: (1) Th17 cells secrete IL-17, which is stimulated by IL-23; (2) Th1 cells secrete IL-21, TNF-[Formula: see text] and IFN-[Formula: see text], with the help of Th17 cells; (3) Th22 cells secrete IL-22 under the stimulation of Th17 cells. Clinical and experiment data indicate that TCM could modify psoriasis by antagonizing or regulating interleukin and IL-23/IL-17 axis to inhibit the main pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Yu Deng
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Xingxiu Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
| | - Fulun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh People’s Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
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Protective effects of Jiayan Kangtai granules on autoimmune thyroiditis in a rat model by modulating Th17/Treg cell balance. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ou Q, Cheng J, Zhang L, Wang H, Wang W, Ma Y. The prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in breast cancer: Deleterious or advantageous? Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317706214. [PMID: 28653873 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317706214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading malignant tumors that endanger women's health worldwide. Despite the rapid progress on the therapies, including chemotherapy, surgical resection, and other auxiliary methods, there were still numerous people died of breast cancer, which promoted the researchers to concentrate on the prognostic factor of breast cancer. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been focused on the prognostic value of pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in breast cancer. This article is a brief review of the associations between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the prognosis of breast cancer patients, which may give a greater insight into the development of breast cancer and enable clinicians to cure it completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ou
- 1 Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Licui Zhang
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- 3 College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- 4 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Lianshui, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Ma
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, P.R. China
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Lu ZG, Li MH, Wang JS, Wei DD, Liu QW, Kong LY. Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of two matrine-type alkaloids, matrine and sophocarpine, in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos/larvae. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 47:33-41. [PMID: 24911943 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrine and sophocarpine are two major matrine-type alkaloids included in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Kushen (the root of Sophora flavescens Ait.). They have been widely used clinically in China, however with few reports concerning their potential toxicities. This study investigated the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of matrine and sophocarpine on zebrafish embryos/larvae from 0 to 96/120h post fertilization (hpf). Both drugs displayed teratogenic and lethal effects with the EC50 and LC50 values at 145 and 240mg/L for matrine and 87.1 and 166mg/L for sophocarpine, respectively. Exposure of matrine and sophocarpine significantly altered spontaneous movement and inhibited swimming performance at concentrations below those causing lethality and malformations, indicating a neurotoxic potential of both drugs. The results are in agreement with most mammalian studies and clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Guang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental & Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Qing-Wang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Xiong YH, He L, Fei J. Genetic variations in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 and susceptibility to cervical cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:71-6. [PMID: 24201079 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), a molecule expressed predominantly on activated T cells, plays an important role in the down-regulation of T-cell activation. To evaluate the potential effects of CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to cervical cancer, we genotyped polymorphisms in CTLA-4 (- 318 T/C, CT60 G/A,+49 G/A, - 658 T/C, and - 1661 G/A) and calculated odds ratios for the genotype and allele distributions between patients and controls. We then examined the functional relevance of the polymorphisms using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay, and cytotoxic assay. The CTLA-4 - 318 CC, CT60 AA, and+49 GG genotype frequencies were lower in patients than in controls (p <0.05). The frequencies of CTLA-4 - 318 T allele and CT60G allele carriers were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p <0.05). Upon stimulation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) carrying the - 318TT and CT60GG genotypes exhibited significantly lower proliferation, IL-2, and IL-4 levels; fewer cytolytic activities; and higher TGF-β levels compared with PBMCs carrying the - 318 CC/CT or CT60 AA/AG genotypes. We also found that CTLA-4 - 318 T/C and CT60 G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the severity of cervical cancer. These results indicate that CTLA-4 - 318 T/C and CT60 G/A can affect cervical cancer susceptibility by altering the immune status of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Huan Xiong
- Wuhan University Health Sciences Center, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Department Of Gynecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li He
- Wuhan University Health Sciences Center, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Fei
- Graduate School of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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