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Corso A, Engel H, Müller F, Fiacco S, Mernone L, Gardini E, Ehlert U, Fischer S. Early life stress in women with autoimmune thyroid disorders. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22341. [PMID: 38102234 PMCID: PMC10724129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) represent the most frequent of all autoimmune disorders. Their aetiopathogenesis is incompletely understood, but most likely multifactorial. Early life stress can have long-lasting effects on the immune system. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, whether patients with AITD are more frequently affected by early life stress. A total of N = 208 women were recruited into a case-control study. Of these, n = 78 (median age: 53, interquartile range: 15) were patients recruited from a thyroid outpatient clinic with confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, or AITD not otherwise specified. The remaining n = 130 age- and BMI-matched women (median age: 53, interquartile range: 12) were recruited from the general population. Early life stress was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Patients with AITD did not differ from controls regarding sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect. However, a greater number of patients reported emotional neglect (29.7% vs. 19.5%) and emotional abuse (41.3% vs. 32%). This study provides initial evidence for emotional neglect and abuse as potential risk factors for the development of AITD. Prospective confirmation of these findings could pave the way for the development of interventions to prevent AITD in predisposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Corso
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabienne Müller
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Fiacco
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
- URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Mernone
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
- URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Gardini
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
- URPP Dynamics of Healthy Aging Research Priority Program, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Ehlert
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Box 26, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Gulcelik NE, Akin S, Aydin K, Aydin Mericoz C, Guler Tezel YG, Usman A. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the development of papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:379-386. [PMID: 35775885 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic inflammatory conditions and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We hypothesized that, as VEGF expression is increased both in PTC and in lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT), it may stimulate the development of PTC in patients with LT. To evaluate this, we examined both tumor and adjacent non-tumoral tissues of PTC patients with and without LT. METHODS A total of 50 patients with PTC (52.50±7.41 years) and 17 patients with nodular goiter (NG) (50.47±10.38 years) were included in the study. According to the presence of LT, patients with PTC were further divided into two groups. Immunohistochemical analyses of VEGF were conducted in all patients and for PTC patients, both tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumoral tissue were evaluated. RESULTS The scores for intensity of staining and percentage of labeled thyrocytes for VEGF were found to be significantly higher in the PTC patients than in the NG patients (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The tumor tissue revealed similar scores for PTC patients with LT and without LT. However, the scores in adjacent non-tumoral tissue were higher in PTC patients with LT than in patients without LT (P=0.004, P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, our results are the first to demonstrate that the expression of VEGF in adjacent non-tumoral tissue were higher in PTC patients with LT than in those without, which shows a possible role of VEGF expression in the progression of PTC in the presence of LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nese E Gulcelik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye -
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye -
| | - Safak Akin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Kadriye Aydin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kartal Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Cisel Aydin Mericoz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Pathology, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Yesim G Guler Tezel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aydan Usman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Private Clinic, Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Lechner MG, Zhou Z, Hoang AT, Huang N, Ortega J, Scott LN, Chen HC, Patel AY, Yakhshi-Tafti R, Kim K, Hugo W, Famini P, Drakaki A, Ribas A, Angell TE, Su MA. Clonally expanded, thyrotoxic effector CD8 + T cells driven by IL-21 contribute to checkpoint inhibitor thyroiditis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg0675. [PMID: 37196065 PMCID: PMC10227862 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune toxicity occurs in up to 60% of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer and represents an increasing clinical challenge for expanding the use of these treatments. To date, human immunopathogenic studies of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have relied on sampling of circulating peripheral blood cells rather than affected tissues. Here, we directly obtained thyroid specimens from individuals with ICI-thyroiditis, one of the most common IRAEs, and compared immune infiltrates with those from individuals with spontaneous autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or no thyroid disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dominant, clonally expanded population of thyroid-infiltrating cytotoxic CXCR6+ CD8+ T cells (effector CD8+ T cells) present in ICI-thyroiditis but not HT or healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified a crucial role for interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine secreted by intrathyroidal T follicular (TFH) and T peripheral helper (TPH) cells, as a driver of these thyrotoxic effector CD8+ T cells. In the presence of IL-21, human CD8+ T cells acquired the activated effector phenotype with up-regulation of the cytotoxic molecules interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme B, increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR6, and thyrotoxic capacity. We validated these findings in vivo using a mouse model of IRAEs and further demonstrated that genetic deletion of IL-21 signaling protected ICI-treated mice from thyroid immune infiltration. Together, these studies reveal mechanisms and candidate therapeutic targets for individuals who develop IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G. Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Zikang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aline T. Hoang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Drexel Medical School; Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Nicole Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jessica Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lauren N. Scott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ho-Chung Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Anushi Y. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rana Yakhshi-Tafti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Rosalind Franklin Medical School; Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Kristy Kim
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pouyan Famini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Trevor E. Angell
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, USC Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Maureen A. Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Qian Y, He L, Su A, Hu Y, Zhu J. Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37010279 DOI: 10.3791/64609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has become the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. It is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and the detection of specific serum autoantibodies. Although the potential mechanism is still not clear, the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is related to genetic and environmental factors. At present, there are several types of models of autoimmune thyroiditis, including experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT). EAT in mice is a common model for HT, which is immunized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with thyroglobulin (Tg) or supplemented with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The EAT mouse model is widely established in many types of mice. However, the disease progression is more likely associated with the Tg antibody response, which may vary in different experiments. SAT is also widely used in the study of HT in the NOD.H-2h4 mouse. The NOD.H2h4 mouse is a new strain obtained from the cross of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse with the B10.A(4R), which is significantly induced for HT with or without feeding iodine. During the induction, the NOD.H-2h4 mouse has a high level of TgAb accompanied by lymphocyte infiltration in the thyroid follicular tissue. However, for this type of mouse model, there are few studies to comprehensively evaluate the pathological process during the induction of iodine. A SAT mouse model for HT research is established in this study, and the pathologic changing process is evaluated after a long period of iodine induction. Through this model, researchers can better understand the pathological development of HT and screen new treatment methods for HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfan Qian
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Linye He
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Anping Su
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University; The Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Yiguo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University;
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McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Discoveries in Thyroid Autoimmunity in the Past Century. Thyroid 2023; 33:278-286. [PMID: 35765927 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review on the 100th anniversary of the American Thyroid Association summarizes the remarkable progress attained during the past century regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of thyroid autoimmune diseases. Indeed, the general concept of autoimmune diseases in humans was established 70 years ago by thyroid investigators. Graves' disease is a paradigm for the rare occurrence of how autoimmunity can cause disease by stimulating rather than destroying an organ system. Therapeutic advances in the mid 20th century involving administration of thyroid hormones, thionamide drugs, and radioiodine have been hugely beneficial for human health. However, these approaches can only treat, but not cure, thyroid autoimmunity. Investigation of these diseases is facilitated by the identification of a limited number of specific autoantigens, whose molecular cloning has provided much information on their structure. This knowledge has led to highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, provided insight into novel aspects regarding the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity, and has opened avenues for the development of new therapeutic agents. Immunotherapy for a cure as opposed to therapy of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis remains the holy grail for the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M McLachlan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Basil Rapoport
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pasiieshvili TM, Bocharova TV, Zhelezniakova NM, Pasiyeshvili LM. PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE REALIZATION IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS. Wiad Lek 2022; 75:456-461. [PMID: 35307676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To evaluate the pathomorphological features of the esophageal mucous membrane in young people with GERD and autoimmune thyroiditis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 120 patients with GERD and AIT and 45 people with isolated GERD matched for age, gender and social status were examined. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, histological study and comparative morphometry of the esophageal mucosa were performed. RESULTS Results: The frequency of erosive GERD in the examined groups of patients did not statistically differ. At the same time, integral analysis of the structure of erosive forms of GERD revealed statistically significant redistribution of grades of esophagitis towards its enhancement in patients with comorbid pathology. The histological study showed that in patients with GERD and AIT all the morphometric parameters studied had a significantly more severe course and exceeded similar indicators of the group with isolated GERD: epithelium total thickness, epithelium basal layer thickness, connective tissue papillae height, intercellular space. The analysis of morphological changes frequency showed that epithelium basal layer hyperplasia, dystrophic changes and epithelial edema, elongation of papillae and dilation of intercellular space were significantly more frequent in the group with comorbid pathology. CONCLUSION Conclusions: GERD and euthyroid AIT comorbidity in the student population is accompanied by a statistically significant redistribution of esophagitis grades towards its aggravation. The presence of concomitant euthyroid AIT in patients with non-erosive GERD leads to statistically more pronounced disorganization of esophageal mucosal epithelium.
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Abstract
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a pathology that often causes a gradual thyroid insufficiency in affected patients due to the autoimmune destruction of this gland. The cellular immune response mediated by T helper lymphocytes TH1 and TH17 can induce the HT disease. In this pathologic condition, there is an imbalance between the TH17 and Treg lymphocytes as well as a gut microbiota dysfunction. The objective of this work was to describe the interactions of the cell subpopulations that participate in HT. To achieve this goal, we generated a mathematical model that allowed the simulation of different scenarios for the dynamic interaction between thyroid cells, the immune system, and the gut microbiota. We used a hypothetical-deductive design of mathematical modeling based on a system of ordinary differential equations, where the state variables are the TH1, TH17, and Treg lymphocytes, the thyrocytes, and the bacteria from gut microbiota. This work generated a compartmental model of the cellular immune response occurring in the thyroid gland. It was observed that TH1 and TH17 lymphocytes could increase the immune cells' activity, as well as activate effector cells directly and trigger the apoptosis and inflammation processes of healthy thyrocytes indirectly. Likewise, the model showed that a reduction in Treg lymphocytes could increase the activity of TH17 lymphocytes when an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition occurred. The numerical results highlight the TH1, TH17, and bacterial balance of the gut microbiota activities as important factors for the development of HT disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Salazar-Viedma
- Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Juan Gabriel Vergaño-Salazar
- Doctorado en Modelamiento Matemático Aplicado, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Luis Pastenes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Microevolución, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
| | - Vivian D’Afonseca
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
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Guarnotta V, Pillitteri G, Gambino G, Radellini S, Vigneri E, Pizzolanti G, Giordano C. Levothyroxine and insulin requirement in autoimmune polyglandular type 3 syndrome: a real-life study. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:1387-1394. [PMID: 33099763 PMCID: PMC8195810 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate factors influencing the insulin and levothyroxine requirement in patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 (APS-3) vs. patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (AH) alone, respectively. METHODS Fifty patients with APS-3, 60 patients with T1DM and 40 patients with AH were included. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated in all patients. Insulin requirement was calculated in patients with APS-3 and T1DM, while levothyroxine requirement was calculated in APS-3 and AH. RESULTS Patients with APS-3 showed higher age (p = 0.001), age of onset of diabetes (p = 0.006) and TSH (p = 0.004) and lower total insulin as U/day (p < 0.001) and U/Kg (p = 0.001), long-acting insulin as U/day (p = 0.030) and U/kg (p = 0.038) and irisin (p = 0.002) compared to T1DM. Patients with APS-3 had higher waist circumference (p = 0.008), duration of thyroid disease (p = 0.020), levothyroxine total daily dose (p = 0.025) and mcg/kg (p = 0.006), triglycerides (p = 0.007) and VAI (p = 0.010) and lower age of onset of thyroid disease (p = 0.007) than AH. At multivariate analysis, levothyroxine treatment and VAI were associated with insulin and levothyroxine requirement in APS-3, respectively. VAI was independently associated with insulin requirement in T1DM. Circulating irisin levels were independently associated with levothyroxine requirement in AH. CONCLUSION Patients with APS-3 show lower insulin requirement and higher levothyroxine requirement than T1DM and AH alone, respectively. Levothyroxine treatment and VAI affect insulin and levothyroxine requirement, respectively, in APS-3. In T1DM, adipose tissue dysfunction, indirectly expressed by high VAI, is associated with an increased insulin requirement, while circulating irisin levels influence the levothyroxine requirement in AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Guarnotta
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Pillitteri
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Gambino
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Radellini
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Vigneri
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Pizzolanti
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - C Giordano
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno-Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza "G. d'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Sezione di Malattie Endocrine, del Ricambio e della Nutrizione, Università di Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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Rotondi M, Molteni M, Cappelli C, Croce L, Caputo A, Groppelli G, Liboà F, Guazzoni V, Villani L, Zeppa P, Chiovato L. The diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology for thyroid nodules is not affected by coexistent chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: results from a cyto-histological series of patients with indeterminate cytology. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:201-208. [PMID: 34048364 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Indeterminate cytological result at fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains a clinical challenge for endocrinologists. Aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a coexistent chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) might affect the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology for thyroid nodules. DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was designed including all nodules receiving an indeterminate cytology result (TIR3A or TIR3B) undergoing thyroid surgery and subsequent histological confirmation. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the presence or absence of CAT. The hypothesis to be tested was whether follicular cell alterations induced by CAT might increase the rate of indeterminate cytological results in histologically benign thyroid nodules. Additional control groups were represented by nodules with determinate cytology, either benign (TIR 2) or malignant (TIR5). RESULTS One hundred and eighty-nine indeterminate thyroid nodules were included (67 TIR3A and 122 TIR3B). At post-surgical histology, 46 nodules (24.3%) were malignant. No significant differences were observed in the rate of histologically proven malignancy between patients without CAT and patients with CAT in the TIR3B (29.4% vs 32.4%; P = 0.843) nor TIR3A (13.0% vs 11.4%; P = 1.000) nodules. The rate of coexistent CAT was similar between TIR3B and TIR5 nodules harboring PTC at histology (30.4% vs 39.4%, P = 0.491) and between indeterminate nodules and a control group of TIR2 nodules (39.2% vs 37.0%; P = 0.720). CONCLUSIONS The similar rates of histologically proven malignancy found in cytologically indeterminate nodules in the presence or absence of concomitant CAT would not support that CAT itself affects the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rotondi
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina Molteni
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical-Oncologic Department, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, SSD Medicina ad indirizzo Endocrino-metabolico, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- PhD Course in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caputo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Gloria Groppelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical-Oncologic Department, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Federico Liboà
- Postgraduate School in Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Guazzoni
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical-Oncologic Department, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Villani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pathology Unit, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Aydoğan Bİ, Mutlu ABB, Yüksel S, Güllü S, Emral R, Demir Ö, Şahin M, Gedik VT, Çorapçıoğlu D, Sak SD, Erdoğan MF. The Association of Histologically Proven Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis with Clinicopathological Features, Lymph Node Metastasis, and Recurrence Rates of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Endocr Pathol 2021; 32:280-287. [PMID: 33188468 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-020-09653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) on clinicopathological features and behavior of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is still debated. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prognosis of DTC on the presence of CLT. A total of 649 total thyroidectomized patients (379 female, 270 male) with DTC, who had follow-up data for at least 36 months were included. Clinical, histopathological data, preoperative thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-ab), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-ab), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and presence of recurrent/persistent disease (R/PD) were evaluated retrospectively. Presence of CLT was defined by histopathology. Frequency of CLT was 32% (n = 208) among DTC patients. Mean tumor size (maximal diameter) was smaller in CLT group when compared to non-CLTs (p = 0.006). Capsular invasion, vascular invasion, tumor stage, risk groups, and R/PD were negatively associated with CLT (p < 0.01, p = 0.04, p = 0.03, p = 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively). Extrathyroidal extension was more frequent in non-CLT group when compared CLT (p = 0.052). Preoperative TSH level was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and higher in patients with lateral LNM when compared to central LNM (p < 0.01). Central LNM, lateral LNM, stage 4 tumor, and intermediate- and high-risk tumor groups increased the risk of R/PH, 2.5-, 2.9-, 12.7-, 2.3-, and 4.2-fold, respectively. Presence of CLT was independently related with favorable outcomes, as the risk of R/PD was decreased by 0.49-fold. In conclusion, coexistence of CLT was negatively associated with tumor size, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, and tumor stage in DTC. Risk of R/PD was decreased by approximately half in patients with CLT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna İmge Aydoğan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Seher Yüksel
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Güllü
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıfat Emral
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Demir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Şahin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vedia Tonyukuk Gedik
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Çorapçıoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serpil Dizbay Sak
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Faik Erdoğan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Ren L, Liu Q, Wang R, Chen R, Ao Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Deng F, Feng Y, Wang G, Zhou Y, Li L, Liu L. Clinicopathologic Features of COVID-19: A Case Report and Value of Forensic Autopsy in Studying SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 42:164-169. [PMID: 33464756 PMCID: PMC8115425 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT As of August 23, 2020, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has infected more than 23,518,340 people and caused more than 810,492 deaths worldwide including 4,717 deaths in China. We present a case of a 53-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital because of dry coughs and high fever on January 26, 2020, in Wuhan, China. She was not tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA until on hospital day 11 (illness day 21) because of a significant shortage of test kits at the local hospital. Then, her test was positive for COVID-19 on hospital day 20. Despite intensive medical treatments, she developed respiratory failure with secondary bacterial infection and expired on hospital day 23 (3 days after she was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA). A systemic autopsy examination, including immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural studies, demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple organs with profound adverse effect on the immune system, and the lung pathology is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage. Extrapulmonary SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in several organs postmortem. The detailed pathological features are described. In addition, this report highlights the value of forensic autopsy in studying SARS-CoV-2 infection and the importance of clinicopathological correlation in better understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ren
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Liu
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rongshuai Wang
- Hubei Chongxin Judicial Expertise Center, Wuhan 430415, Hubei, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan Jin Yin-tan Hospital, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, China
| | - Qilin Ao
- Institute of Pathology/Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital/Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science and Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science and Technology, Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Pathology/Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital/Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yiwu Zhou
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Li
- Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Liu
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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12
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Zhang C, Qin L, Sun B, Wu Y, Zhong F, Wu L, Liu T. Transcriptome analysis of the effect of diosgenin on autoimmune thyroiditis in a rat model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6401. [PMID: 33737640 PMCID: PMC7973441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In a mouse model of Graves' disease (GD), diosgenin has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on GD by alleviating goitre. However, research on the effect of diosgenin on autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is lacking. In this study, transcriptomics was used to comprehensively analyse the protective effect of diosgenin against AIT in rats and the possible mechanism. The results showed that in the diosgenin-intervention group, compared to the model group, the expression of serum triiodothyronine, thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine was decreased and that of thyroid-stimulating hormone was increased; these changes were accompanied by the downregulation of thyroglobulin, TSH receptor antibody and thyroid peroxidase expression in serum. Furthermore, transcriptome detection, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry verification revealed that in thyroid tissue, the relative mRNA and protein expression of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) were increased and the mRNA expression of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) was decreased in the diosgenin groups. In summary, diosgenin alleviates the development of AIT, possibly via the activation of the cAMP/PKA/Creb pathway and downregulation of S100A9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Boju Sun
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You Wu
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Zhong
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Skrzyńska KJ, Zachurzok A, Gawlik AM. Metabolic and Hormonal Profile of Adolescent Girls With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome With Concomitant Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:708910. [PMID: 34276569 PMCID: PMC8283692 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.708910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) are considered to be among the most common endocrinopathies in young women, and they are classified as diseases that affect many processes in the human body. Their role in the development of metabolic disorders and diseases of the cardiovascular system in adult women is also emphasized. However, there are no data available to assess such risk in the teenage girl population. The aim of the study was to assess the hormonal and metabolic profile of adolescent girls with PCOS, additionally diagnosed with AT, as well as to identify possible risk factors for the coexistence of AT and PCOS. MATERIAL AND METHODS 80 euthyroidic PCOS patients were qualified for the study (chronological age 16.54 ± 1.00 years, BMI 24.60 ± 4.16 kg/m2). Eighteen girls diagnosed with AT were included in the study group and 62 girls without AT-in the control group. Each patient had biochemical and hormonal tests performed. Additionally, to diagnose AT, the level of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), as well as the image of the thyroid gland on ultrasound examination, were taken into account. RESULTS Estradiol concentration was significantly higher in the study than in the control group (203.00 ± 217.00 vs. 152.00 ± 78.50 pmol/L, p=0.02). Higher DHEAS concentrations were also observed in the AT group compared with the group without AT (391.28 ± 176.40 vs. 317.93 ± 114.27 µg/dl, p=0.04). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between AT and estradiol concentration (ry=0.27; p=0.04). It was also shown that there is a tendency toward statistical significance for the positive correlation between the positive anti-TPO titer and the glucose concentration at 120 min OGTT (rƴ=0.26; p=0.07) and girls with PCOS and AT had higher glucose levels in 120 min OGTT (115.29±41.70 vs. 98.56±28.02 mg/dl, p=0.08). CONCLUSION The study results showed no difference in the metabolic profile between the groups. The high concentration of estradiol found in girls with PCOS and AT may indicate the role of this hormone in the development of the autoimmune process. However, the numbers are small, and more research is needed to confirm our findings.
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Giuliani C, Verrocchio S, Verginelli F, Bucci I, Grassadonia A, Napolitano G. Hormonal Regulation of the MHC Class I Gene in Thyroid Cells: Role of the Promoter "Tissue-Specific" Region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:749609. [PMID: 34938270 PMCID: PMC8685237 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.749609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies we have demonstrated that the expression of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I gene in thyrocytes is controlled by several hormones, growth factors, and drugs. These substances mainly act on two regions of the MHC class I promoter a "tissue-specific" region (-800 to -676 bp) and a "hormone/cytokines-sensitive" region (-500 to -68 bp). In a previous study, we have shown that the role of the "tissue-specific" region in the MHC class I gene expression is dominant compared to that of the "hormone/cytokines-sensitive" region. In the present report we further investigate the dominant role of the "tissue-specific" region evaluating the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), methimazole (MMI), phenylmethimazole (C10), glucose and thymosin-α1. By performing experiments of electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) we show that TSH, MMI and C10, which inhibit MHC class I expression, act on the "tissue-specific" region increasing the formation of a silencer complex. Glucose and thymosin-α1, which stimulate MHC class I expression, act decreasing the formation of this complex. We further show that the silencer complex is formed by two distinct members of the transcription factors families activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), c-jun and p65, respectively. These observations are important in order to understand the regulation of MHC class I gene expression in thyroid cells and its involvement in the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesidio Giuliani
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- *Correspondence: Cesidio Giuliani,
| | - Sara Verrocchio
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabio Verginelli
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Science, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Napolitano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Rotondi M, Groppelli G, Croce L, Latrofa F, Ancona G, Coperchini F, Pasquali D, Cappelli C, Fugazza A, Guazzoni V, Radetti G, Chiovato L. Patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis are not at higher risk for developing clinically overt thyroid cancer: a 10-year follow-up study. Eur J Endocrinol 2020; 183:317-323. [PMID: 32717718 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) remains controversial. The incidence of DTC increases when screening procedures are implemented, as typically occurs in CAT patients being routinely submitted to thyroid ultrasound (US). The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate the long-term development of DTC in patients with CAT. DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective longitudinal cohort study was designed. For the study, 510 patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) with a 10-year follow-up were enrolled. Patients were divided in two groups according to the presence (CAT+ NOD+; n = 115) or absence (CAT+ NOD-; n = 395) of co-existent nodules at diagnosis. The main outcome measures were appearance of new thyroid-nodules and development of DTC during follow-up. RESULTS During a 10-year median follow-up period, new thyroid-nodules were detected in 34/115 (29.5%) patients in the CAT+ NOD+ group and in 41/395 (10.3%) in the CAT+ NOD- group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that thyroid-volume at diagnosis and belonging to the CAT+ NOD+ group significantly predicted the appearance of a new thyroid nodule during follow-up, independently of baseline age and sex. Among the 75 patients experiencing the appearance of a new nodule, 27 (39%) met the criteria for fine-needle-aspiration-cytology (FNAC). A benign cytological diagnosis was rendered in all cases. CONCLUSIONS In our series of CAT patients, the appearance of new thyroid-nodules was frequent, but none of them were found to be malignant. The presence of CAT appears to be associated with a negligible risk of developing clinically overt DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rotondi
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gloria Groppelli
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical-Oncologic Department, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Laura Croce
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- PhD course in Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Latrofa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ancona
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Coperchini
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pasquali
- Department Advanced Medical and Surgical Science, A.O.U. Vanvitelli, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fugazza
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valeria Guazzoni
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical-Oncologic Department, ASST Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | | | - Luca Chiovato
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most frequent autoimmune disorders. However, the pathogenesis of AITD has not been fully elucidated. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that abnormal expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of AITD. microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are 3 major groups of ncRNAs that are attracting increasing attention. Herein, we summarized our present knowledge on the role of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in AITD. This review focused on the importance of ncRNAs in development of the most prevalent AITD, such as Hashimoto disease and Graves' diseases. Altogether, the main purpose of this review is to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AITD and the possibility of developing novel potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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Allen N, Desai N, Song C, Yu J, Prasad U, Francis G. Clinical features may help to identify children and adolescents with greatest risk for thyroid nodules. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:925-934. [PMID: 31927747 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules (TN) are detected in a small number of asymptomatic children and adolescents but are more frequently malignant (22-26%) than in adults leading some clinicians to perform thyroid ultrasound (US) for all children with goiter or autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Our study was designed to determine if suspicious clinical features predict the presence of TN in children with goiter or AIT so that US could be performed on those at highest risk. METHODS This was a retrospective review of 223 children and adolescents with goiter or AIT evaluated at a single institution. US was not performed on all patients. It is our practice to define glands that are large, firm, or nodular to palpation as "suspicious". Suspicious glands were interrogated by US and if TN was confirmed, this was further evaluated by fine-needle aspiration followed by surgery if indicated. RESULTS The median age was 12.9 years with 74.4% female. TN were confirmed by US in 16.6% of all patients but only 4.8% of those with AIT. By univariate analysis, TN were more common in those with family history of TN or differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), thyroid asymmetry, and lower thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) was identified in 10.8% of TN and 1.8% of all patients. Firmness was significantly more common in patients with DTC (p = 0.0013). CONCLUSION TN were less common in those with AIT than reported in previous studies, suggesting that clinical features might fail to identify the majority of TN in patients with AIT. However, patients with asymmetric thyroid and a family history of TN or DTC have greatest risk for TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - N Desai
- Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - C Song
- Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - U Prasad
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - G Francis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7301 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Sultanova A, Cistjakovs M, Sokolovska L, Todorova K, Cunskis E, Murovska M. HHV-6 Infection and Chemokine RANTES Signaling Pathway Disturbance in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Viruses 2020; 12:E689. [PMID: 32604892 PMCID: PMC7354462 DOI: 10.3390/v12060689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) development. We examined the possible involvement of HHV-6 gene expression encoding immunomodulating proteins U12 and U51 in AIT development and their role in the modulation of chemokine signaling. One hundred patients with autoimmune thyroiditis following thyroidectomy were enrolled in this study. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to detect the HHV-6 sequence in DNA samples. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) with three different HHV-6 gene targets (U79/80, U51 and U12) was to detect active infection markers. HHV-6 load was identified using a commercial real-time PCR kit. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the expression of the HHV-6 antigen and RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) in thyroid gland tissue. Different commercial immunosorbent assay kits were used for the detection of RANTES, IFNγ, IL-6, and TNFα levels in the AIT patient group and controls. We detected 98% presence of the HHV-6 genomic sequence in AIT patients' thyroid gland tissues. Markers of active HHV-6 infection (HHV-6 U79/80, U12 and/or U51 mRNA) were predominant in AIT patients' thyroid tissue samples in comparison with the control group (56% vs. 6%). Evidence from immunofluorescence microscopy showed that HHV-6 can persist in thyrocytes and can interact with RANTES. Visual confirmation of the intense immunofluorescence signal of RANTES detected in thyroid tissues could indicate high expression of this chemokine in the thyroid gland. On the other hand, immunosorbent assays showed very low RANTES levels in AIT patients' peripheral plasma. These results indicate that RANTES level in AIT patients could be influenced by HHV-6 activation, which in turn may aid AIT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Sultanova
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (M.C.); (L.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maksims Cistjakovs
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (M.C.); (L.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Liba Sokolovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (M.C.); (L.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Katerina Todorova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Egils Cunskis
- Department of Surgery, Riga East Clinical University Hospital, Clinic “Gailezers”, LV-1038 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Modra Murovska
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (M.C.); (L.S.); (M.M.)
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Ding X, Zhang M, He M, Zhao Y, Hu S, Zhao F, Wang J, Xie B, Shi B. The proportion of peripheral blood Tregs among the CD4+ T cells of autoimmune thyroid disease patients: a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2020; 67:317-326. [PMID: 31827051 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance to thyroid antigen. Tregs, whose proportions are controversial among CD4+ T cell from AITD patients (AITDs), are crucial in immune tolerance. Considering that drugs might affect Treg levels, we assumed that the differences originated from different treatment statuses. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to explore proportions of Tregs in untreated and treated AITDs. PubMed, Embase and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant studies. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 were used to conduct the meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis based on different diseases and cell surface markers was performed. Egger linear regression analysis was used to assess publication bias. Approximately 1,100 AITDs and healthy controls (HCs) from fourteen studies were included. Proportions of Tregs among CD4+ T cells of untreated AITDs were significantly lower than those in HCs (p = 0.002), but were not in treated patients (p = 0.40). Subgroup analysis revealed lower proportions of Tregs in untreated Graves' disease patients (GDs) (p = 0.001) but did not show obvious differences in untreated Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients (HTs) (p = 0.62). Furthermore, proportions of circulating FoxP3+ Tregs were reduced in untreated GDs (p < 0.00001) and HTs (p = 0.04). No publication bias was found. In this first meta-analysis exploring proportions of circulating Tregs among CD4+ T cells of AITDs with different treatment statuses, we found that Tregs potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of AITD but function differently in GD and HT. Remarkably, FoxP3+ Tregs, which were decreased in both diseases, might be promising targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xi Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Mingqian He
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shiqian Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Fengyi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Baosong Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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Lahner E, Conti L, Cicone F, Capriello S, Cazzato M, Centanni M, Annibale B, Virili C. Thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity: Pathophysiology and implications for patient management. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 34:101373. [PMID: 31864909 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2019.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association between autoimmune atrophic gastritis and thyroid disorders has been observed since the early 1960s and the expression "thyrogastric syndrome" was coined to indicate the presence of thyroid autoantibodies or autoimmune thyroid disease in patients with pernicious anemia, a late clinical stage of autoimmune atrophic gastritis. More recently, it was confirmed that autoimmune thyroid disorders, in particular Hashimoto's thyroiditis, may be frequently associated with other organ-specific, immune-mediated disorders, such as autoimmune atrophic gastritis or celiac disease. The association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with autoimmune atrophic gastritis or celiac disease in adult patients is currently considered part of the polyglandular autoimmune syndromes which include several autoimmune disorders associated with an autoaggressive impairment of endocrine glands. From a clinical point of view, the thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity may lead to potentially serious consequences like anemia, micronutrients deficiencies, and drugs malabsorption, as well as to an increased risk for malignancies. These alterations may frequently present in an underhand manner, with consequent diagnostic and treatment delays. Many aspects of the association between thyroid, gastric and intestinal autoimmune diseases still await clarification. The present review focuses on the embryological, genetic and pathophysiological aspects of thyro-entero-gastric autoimmunity. In particular, the current diagnostic criteria of autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune atrophic gastritis, and celiac disease are reviewed, along with the evidences for their association in poly-autoimmunity syndromes. The benefits of proactive screening of autoimmune thyroid disorders in patients with autoimmune gastritis or enteropathy and viceversa are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lahner
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cicone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Silvia Capriello
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cazzato
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Grottarossa 1035, 00189, Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Lee JM, Ha J, Jo K, Lim Y, Kim MH, Jung CK, Jung SL, Kang MI, Cha BY, Lim DJ. Risk factors for hypothyroidism in euthyroid thyroid nodule patients with lymphocytic thyroiditis on fine needle aspiration cytology. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34. [PMID: 29529842 PMCID: PMC6823571 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Lymphocytic thyroiditis as cytology diagnosis from fine needle aspiration (FNA) is frequently detected in patients with thyroid nodules. However, the clinical outcome for upcoming hypothyroid events has been rarely clarified in euthyroid patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of patient who had lymphocytic thyroitidis on FNA cytology of thyroid nodule from January 2005 to December 2010 at a tertiary referral hospital. In total, 109 patients with follow-up thyroid function tests (TFT) were enrolled. Final outcomes included overt and subclinical hypothyroidism with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels ≥ 10 mIU/L. Potential parameters predicting clinical hypothyroidism were analyzed by multivariate analysis. RESULTS Over the mean follow-up duration of 51.6 months, 14 out of 109 patients (12.8%) developed clinical hypothyroidism that required thyroid hormone replacement. The median onset time to hypothyroidism was 16 months (range, 3 to 88) and ≥ 60% of patients experienced clinical hypothyroidism within 1 year. By multivariate analysis, background thyroiditis (relative risk [RR], 9.78; p = 0.004), thyroid peroxidase antibody positivity (RR, 9.90; p = 0.003), nodule size (RR, 1.24; p < 0.001), and initial TSH (RR, 1.47; p = 0.009) were the independent risk factors for predicting hypothyroidism in euthyroid patients. CONCLUSION Hypothyroidism frequently occurs during the follow-up in euthyroid patients with thyroid nodules which show lymphocytic thyroiditis on FNA cytology. Close surveillance and regular TFT are needed in high-risk patients for upcoming clinical hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwanhoon Jo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejee Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Kwan Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Lyung Jung
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo-Il Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Dong-Jun Lim, M.D. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea Tel: +82-2-2258-6009 Fax: +82-2-599-3589 E-mail:
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Abstract
Based on the American (Bethesda, 2017) or Italian (SIAPEC 2014) cytological categories of thyroid nodules, the risk of malignancy and management vary. This risk is 5-10% or<3% (benign or TIR2), 6-18% or<10% (AUS/FLUS or TIR3A), 10-40% or 15-30% (FN/SFN or TIR3B), 45-60% or 60-80% (suspicious or TIR4), 94-96% or 95% (malignant or TIR5). In 408 thyroid nodules evaluated cytologically, we computed the malignancy rate in each category considering gender (325 females, 83 males), echotexture (268 isoechoic, 140 hypoechoic), intranodular chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (ICLT: 113 with and 295 without); histology (263 benign, 145 malignant). It was 0-1.7% for the benign categories, except hypoechoic/ICLT+ve nodules of females (25%); 0-2.3% for the AUS/FLUS category, except isoechoic/ICLT-ve nodules of males (11.1%) and hypoechoic/ICLT-ve nodules of females (22.2%). For the FN/SFN category, rate was the most variable (from 0% in isoechoic/ICLT+ve nodules of males to 100% in hypoechoic/ICLT-ve nodules of males). The 30% threshold for risk was passed in four subgroups, and the 40% threshold in two subgroups (45% in isoechoic/ICLT-ve nodules of males, 80% in hypoechoic/ICLT+ve nodules of females). For the suspicious category, rate was 100% in males, except those with isoechoic/ICLT-ve nodules (75%), and>80% in females with hypoechoic nodules. For the malignant category, rate was always 100%. In conclusion, particular groups of nodules (based on gender, echotexture, and ICLT) within the cytologically benign through the suspiciously malignant category are at risk of malignancy substantially greater (even 100%) than the standard one. Accordingly, the suggested management cannot be standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arena
- A.S.P. 8 Siracusa, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Umberto I Hospital, Siracusa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Todorović J, Dinčić M, Nešović Ostojić J, Zaletel I, Lopičić S, Dundjerović D, Tatić S, Kovačević S, Paunović I, Puškaš N, Marković L. Differences in Chromatin Texture and Nuclear Fractal Dimension Between Hashimoto's and Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Lymphocytes. Microsc Microanal 2019; 25:762-768. [PMID: 30813976 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence suggested that lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT) was a variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), thus the aim of the current study is to quantify structural changes in histological specimens taken from HT and LT patients. A total of 600 images containing a single lymphocyte nucleus (300 nuclei per group) were obtained from 20 patients with HT and LT. In order to quantify changes in the nuclear architecture of investigated lymphocytes, the fractal dimension (FD) and some gray-level co-occurrence matrix texture parameters (angular second moment, inverse difference moment, contrast, entropy, and correlation) were calculated for each nucleus. A statistically significant difference in the FD of the "binary-outlined" nucleus and that of the corresponding "black-and-white" nucleus was detected between HT and LT lymphocyte nuclei. In addition, there was also a statistically significant difference in contrast and correlation between HT and LT lymphocyte nuclei. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that there was a difference in structural complexity between investigated lymphocyte nuclei; additionally, LT lymphocytes possessed probably more complex texture and larger variations as well as more asymmetrical nuclei compared with HT lymphocytes. Accordingly, these findings indicate that LT is probably not a variant of HT; however, more complex studies are necessary to estimate differences between these types of thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Marko Dinčić
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Zaletel
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Srdjan Lopičić
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Duško Dundjerović
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Svetislav Tatić
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Sanjin Kovačević
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Ivan Paunović
- Faculty of Medicine,Center for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Nela Puškaš
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Marković
- Faculty of Medicine,Institute of Pathological Physiology, University of Belgrade,Serbia
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24
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Tan X, Xu J, Ma W, Wang H, Cao X, He L. [Effects of Bcl-2 family on the thyroid cell apoptosis of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis mice induced by iodine]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2019; 48:273-278. [PMID: 31133107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Bcl-2 family members on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis(EAT) and explore the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS Twenty-four female 4-5 week old NOD-SCID mice were randomly divided into four groups(six mice in each group): control group, high iodine group, poly(I:C) group and high iodine combined with poly(I:C) group. Control group and poly(I:C) group were fed with distilled water, while the high iodine group and high iodine combined with poly(I:C) group were supplied with 0. 05% NaI in their drinking water for 16 weeks. Poly(I:C) group and high iodine combined with poly(I:C) group received intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL poly(I:C)(1 μg/μL) at monday, wednesday and friday of the 11 th and 15 th week. Serum and thyroid were obtained at the last day of the 16 th week. The EAT model was confirmed by ELISA method and pathological HE staining, the apoptosis of thyroid cell were detected by TUNEL method and Cyt-C immunocytochemistry assay, and the mRNA levels of Bcl-2 family members in thyroid were determined by real-time qPCR method. RESULTS EAT model was established using NOD-SCID mice through high-iodine feeding combined with poly(I:C) intraperitoneal injection. The degree of cell apoptosis and the Cyt-C expression levels were positively correlated with inflammation in thyroid follicular epithelial cells. The mRNA levels of Noxa, PUMA and Bid of high iodine group and high iodine combined with poly(I:C) group were higher than those in control and poly(I:C) groups(P<0. 05). CONCLUSION Mitochondrial apoptosis pathway is involved in the thyroid cell apoptosis of EAT induced by high iodine, and the apoptosis may be regulated by the up-regulation of Noxa, PUMA and Bid, which belong to the pro-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tan
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Trace Element, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei Ma
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Trace Element, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Trace Element, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Trace Element, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li He
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Duan J, Deng T, Kang J, Chen M. DINP aggravates autoimmune thyroid disease through activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway and suppression of autophagy in Wistar rats. Environ Pollut 2019; 245:316-324. [PMID: 30447474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) is used as a substitute for traditional phthalates, in a wide range of applications. However, there is growing concern regarding its toxicity. Studies have indicated that DINP is related to thyroid hormone disorder and that phthalates can affect thyroid normal function. In this study, we aim to determine any effects of DINP exposure on autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), the most common autoimmune disease, and to understand the underlying causal mechanism. AITD model Wistar rats were exposed to 0.15 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg DINP. We assessed the thyroid globulin antibody levels, Th1/Th2 balance, histopathological changes and caspase-3 levels in the thyroid. The data show that exposure to DINP does indeed aggravate AITD. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we examined the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B), Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and the appearance of autophagosomes or autolysosomes to assess autophagy in the thyroid. The results show that DINP can suppress normal autophagy. We found that DINP induced an exacerbation of oxidative stress and the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway, indicating that oxidative stress and activation of mTOR may play a key role in these processes. Moreover, the activation of mTOR also promoted the expression of IL-17. Importantly, blocking oxidative stress with VE or blocking Akt/mTOR with rapamycin mitigated the exacerbation of AITD and the suppression of normal autophagy. All these results indicate that exposure to DINP, especially high doses of DINP, can aggravate oxidative stress and activate the Akt/mTOR pathway. This exposure then leads to a suppression of normal autophagy and expression of IL-17 in the thyroid, resulting in an eventual exacerbation of AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the latest developments concerning the role of iodine in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroiditis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have provided evidence that in areas with excess iodine intake, increased incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis marked by high titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies has occurred. Investigations in the NOD.H2h4 mouse, a strain prone to AIT, showed that they are better adapted to the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. SUMMARY To provide an overview of the studies conducted during the last few years implicating iodine in the development and manifestation of autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Evgenidion Hospital, Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Thyroid Section, University of Athens, Greece
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27
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Martínez-Hernández R, Sampedro-Núñez M, Serrano-Somavilla A, Ramos-Leví AM, de la Fuente H, Triviño JC, Sanz-García A, Sánchez-Madrid F, Marazuela M. A MicroRNA Signature for Evaluation of Risk and Severity of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1139-1150. [PMID: 29325052 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as an interesting research area because of their potential role as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Their involvement in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) has not been fully explored. OBJECTIVE To compare the expression profile of miRNAs in thyroid tissue from patients with AITD and controls, using next-generation sequencing, further validated our findings in thyroid and serum samples. DESIGN Twenty fresh-frozen thyroid tissues (15 from patients with AITD and 5 from controls) were used for miRNA next-generation sequencing. Thirty-six thyroid samples were recruited for the qRT-PCR validation test and 58 serum samples for further validation in peripheral blood. RESULTS Expression of several miRNAs that had been previously associated with relevant immunological functions was significantly dysregulated. Specifically, eight differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-338-5p, miR-342-5p, and miR-766-3p) were confirmed using qRT-PCR in thyroid samples, and three had the same behavior in tissue and serum samples (miR-21-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-146a-5p). Furthermore, when the expression of these miRNAs was assessed together with five additional ones previously related to AITD in peripheral blood, the expression of five (miR-Let7d-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-96-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-301a-3p) was significantly expressed in AITD and, in patients with Graves disease (GD), was correlated with a higher severity of disease, including active ophthalmopathy, goiter, higher antibody titers, and/or higher recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS The present findings identify a serum five-signature miRNA that could be an independent risk factor for developing AITD and a predisposition of a worse clinical picture in patients with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Sampedro-Núñez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ramos-Leví
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ancor Sanz-García
- Neurosurgery & National Reference Unit for the Treatment of Refractory Epilepsy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) and Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Janus D, Wojcik M, Kalicka-Kasperczyk A, Drabik G, Wyrobek L, Wedrychowicz A, Starzyk JB. Novel insights in ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland in children with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2017; 38:367-374. [PMID: 29106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coincidence of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is ranging between 10 and 58% in the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study retrospective ultrasound, clinical and autoimmune assessment of 24 patients diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma between 2000-2016 was performed. RESULTS The coexistence of PTC and AIT was found in 50% of patients with PTC. Patients were divided into two groups. PTC AIT (+) group involved 12 children at the mean age 14.9 years (range 11-20 years, 9 girls) and PTC AIT (-) 12 children at the mean age 12.9 years (range 7-18 years, 5 girls). Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) was diagnosed in 6 patients (in 5 with AIT). US characteristics of PTC was heterogenous: hypoechogenic with/without increased vascularisation, normoechogenic with halo, with/without microcalcifications. In 70% PTC AIT (+) and in all PTC AIT (-) patients ultrasound analysis revealed that the thyroid tissue of the whole gland was normoechogenic. Local metastases in lymph nodes were found in 40% of PTMC AIT (+). CONCLUSION Lack of increased vascularization and microcalcifications and presence of``halo`in the nodule does not exclude malignancy. Due to the presence of lymph node involvement in PTMC in all children with PTC total thyroidectomy should be performed with lymph nodes verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Janus
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wojcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kalicka-Kasperczyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Drabik
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wyrobek
- University Children Hospital, Department of Radiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wedrychowicz
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy B Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Li C, Peng S, Liu X, Han C, Wang X, Jin T, Liu S, Wang W, Xie X, He X, Zhang H, Shan L, Fan C, Shan Z, Teng W. Glycyrrhizin, a Direct HMGB1 Antagonist, Ameliorates Inflammatory Infiltration in a Model of Autoimmune Thyroiditis via Inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 Signaling. Thyroid 2017; 27:722-731. [PMID: 28363255 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), a non-histone protein, plays an important role in autoimmune diseases. However, the significance of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore whether HMGB1 participates in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis, and whether glycyrrhizin (GL), a direct inhibitor of HMGB1, attenuates the severity of thyroid inflammatory infiltration in a murine model of autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS A total of 80 male NOD.H-2h4 mice were randomly divided into a control or iodine supplement (NaI) group at four weeks of age, and the control group was fed with regular water, whereas the NaI group was supplied with 0.005% sodium iodine water. Another 24 male NOD.H-2h4 mice were also randomized into three groups (eight mice per group) as follows: control, NaI, and GL treatment after iodine supplementation (NaI + GL). The NOD.H-2h4 mice were fed with 0.005% sodium iodide water for eight weeks to enhance autoimmune thyroiditis. After iodine treatment, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of GL for four weeks. The severity of lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid gland was measured by histopathological studies. The serum levels of HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and thyroglobulin antibody titers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HMGB1 expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. TLR2, HMGB1, MyD88, and nuclear transcription factor κB were measured by Western blot. RESULTS The mRNA expression of HMGB1 was significantly higher at 8 and 16 weeks in the NaI group than it was in the control group. Serum levels of thyroglobulin antibodies, HMGB1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β were significantly increased in the NaI group, but they were dramatically attenuated with GL injection. The prevalence of thyroiditis and the infiltration of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in the NaI + GL group. GL administration also significantly reduced the protein expression of TLR2, MyD88, HMGB1 and nuclear transcription factor κB in the thyroid gland and attenuated the severity of thyroiditis. CONCLUSION HMGB1 may play a crucial role in autoimmune thyroiditis by causing inflammatory infiltration, thus increasing the severity of autoimmune thyroiditis. GL effectively attenuated thyroiditis in the iodine-induced NOD.H-2h4 mice via a molecular mechanism related to the inhibition of TLR2-HMGB1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Li
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Peng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 2 Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Han
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Jin
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 4 Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Affiliated to School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- 5 Department of Emergency, People's Liberation Army No.202 Hospital , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Xie
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue He
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenling Fan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Teng
- 1 Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University , Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Sheremet MI, Sydorchuk LP, Shidlovskyi VO, Sydorchuk RI, Shidlovskyi OV, Maksymyuk VV, Bezruk VV, Tkachuk NP, Batig VM, Mytchenok OV, Bezruk TO, Chympoi KA. Association of the blood serum cytokines' rate and lymphocytes' apoptosis with polymorphic variants of the BCL-2 (rs17759659), CTLA-4 (rs231775) and APO-1÷FAS (rs2234767) genes in patients with nodular goiters in autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid adenoma. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017; 58:931-939. [PMID: 29250672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The paper analyses results of serum cytokines and lymphocyte apoptosis study in patients with nodular goiter against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis (NGAIT) and thyroid adenoma (TA) based on the cell preparedness to apoptosis (content of lymphocytes carrying apoptosis marker - CD95+-receptor), the number of apoptotic lymphocytes (annexin V+-lymphocytes) and the content of proapoptotic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-4 cytokine in serum, considering the polymorphism of BCL-2 (rs17759659), CTLA-4 (rs231775) and APO-1÷FAS (rs2234767) genes. The results show that under the damaging action of peroxidation products in the thyroid structures, activation of Fas- and caspase-dependent mechanisms of influence on pro- and anti-apoptotic targets, the induced hyperproduction and release of TNF-α from thyroid-stimulated lymphocytes stimulate an additional synthesis of other pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, as well as compensatory anti-inflammatory proteins including IL-4. There is a synchronized increase in secretion of the soluble form of TNF-α receptor (sTNFR), which prevents binding the corresponding cytokine to a specific membranous shedding of a number of receptors and separates the apoptotic signals. The above-mentioned changes associate with the polymorphic variants of BCL-2 (rs17759659), CTLA-4 (rs231775) genes and only for some figures, they are almost three times weaker with FAS (rs2234767).
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31
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Gaur K, Saran RK, Batra VV, Sakhuja P, Mishra PK. Is thyrogastric disease a potential setting for oncogenesis? Gastric adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising from Helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017; 58:1491-1496. [PMID: 29556646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising from Helicobacter pylori-associated multifocal atrophic gastritis is exceedingly rare. An added association with autoimmune thyroiditis in this case highlighted a complex interplay between Helicobacter, autoimmunity and gastric atrophy. A 55-year-old hypothyroid female presented with hematemesis and a large polypoidal mass in the gastric fundus, suggestive of gastrointestinal stromal tumor on imaging and endoscopy. Histopathology revealed a tumor comprised of nests of monomorphic cells immunopositive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A admixed with malignant glands. Follow-up imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing residual gastric body wall. A completion total gastrectomy was performed. Histopathology displayed multifocal atrophic gastritis, occasional Helicobacter and nests of neuroendocrine cells. The patient also had markedly elevated levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of gastric adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma arising from H. pylori-associated atrophic gastritis, in a patient with autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gaur
- Department of Pathology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India;
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32
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Buzdugă CM, Costea CF, Dumitrescu GF, Turliuc MD, Bogdănici CM, Cucu A, Dumitrescu N, Indrei L, Şapte E, Ciobanu Apostol DG. Cytological, histopathological and immunological aspects of autoimmune thyroiditis: a review. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2017; 58:731-738. [PMID: 29250648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is a disease that may be associated with many other autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine disorders. This disease is mediated by both humoral and cellular mechanisms and it is the result of combined effects of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes and non-HLA genes polymorphisms. The clinical course of AT is variable and may be characterized by spontaneous remission and by irreversible thyroid insufficiency as the consequence of atrophic and fibrous transformation of the thyroid gland in other cases. In this paper, the AT's etiology and immunological mechanism along with its cytological and histopathological features are reviewed in order to increase our understanding about the mechanism involved in pathogenesis of this disease and to open new directions of investigations that will be useful in a better clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Mihai Buzdugă
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania; ; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Ovidius" University, Constanta, Romania;
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Abstract
Different immune cell subsets have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of and tissue damage seen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes and T helper (Th) 17 cells. There are several types of CD4+ Treg cells (Foxp3+, CD69+, Tr1), which are able to prevent the appearance of autoimmune diseases, down regulating the immune response and the inflammatory phenomenon. However, despite their presence in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue from patients with AITD, these cells are apparently unable to put down the autoimmune process. Moreover, many reports indicate the involvement of Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory diseases, including AITD. Nevertheless, it is now evident that these lymphocytes show a remarkable plasticity, giving rise to anti-inflammatory (including Treg lymphocytes) and pro-inflammatory cell subtypes. Nowadays, both Treg and Th17 cells must be considered as key elements in the pathogenesis of AITD as well as plausible potential targets for the next generation of therapeutic options of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Center for Applied Research in Health and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
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Li CW, Menconi F, Osman R, Mezei M, Jacobson EM, Concepcion E, David CS, Kastrinsky DB, Ohlmeyer M, Tomer Y. Identifying a Small Molecule Blocking Antigen Presentation in Autoimmune Thyroiditis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4079-90. [PMID: 26703475 PMCID: PMC4759184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.694687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that an HLA-DR variant containing arginine at position 74 of the DRβ1 chain (DRβ1-Arg74) is the specific HLA class II variant conferring risk for autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). We also identified 5 thyroglobulin (Tg) peptides that bound to DRβ1-Arg74. We hypothesized that blocking the binding of these peptides to DRβ1-Arg74 could block the continuous T-cell activation in thyroiditis needed to maintain the autoimmune response to the thyroid. The aim of the current study was to identify small molecules that can block T-cell activation by Tg peptides presented within DRβ1-Arg74 pockets. We screened a large and diverse library of compounds and identified one compound, cepharanthine that was able to block peptide binding to DRβ1-Arg74. We then showed that Tg.2098 is the dominant peptide when inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in NOD mice expressing human DRβ1-Arg74. Furthermore, cepharanthine blocked T-cell activation by thyroglobulin peptides, in particular Tg.2098 in mice that were induced with EAT. For the first time we identified a small molecule that can block Tg peptide binding and presentation to T-cells in autoimmune thyroiditis. If confirmed cepharanthine could potentially have a role in treating human AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roman Osman
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | | | | | - Chella S David
- the Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - David B Kastrinsky
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Yaron Tomer
- From the Division of Endocrinology, the Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468
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35
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Müller K, Tuma J. [Ultrasonography 68. Evaluation of fatigue]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2016; 105:229-232. [PMID: 26886703 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Tuma
- 1 Institut für Sonographie, Uster
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Stoian D, Pantea S, Margan M, Timar B, Borcan F, Craina M, Craciunescu M. Individualized Follow-up of Pregnant Women with Asymptomatic Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010088. [PMID: 26771604 PMCID: PMC4730331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hormones are essential for the normal fetal development during pregnancy. Autoimmune thyroid disease is a frequent pathology in our iodine replete region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in cases with known autoimmune thyroid disease, which were in a euthyroid state prior to pregnancy, and to assess the association between supplemental treatments administered and the outcome of the pregnancy. The study is a prospective interventional controlled study. The two cohorts comprise the interventional group, consisting of 109 pregnant women with known autoimmune asymptomatic thyroid disease, without any levothyroxine (LT4) treatment and an aged-matched control group, with an unknown thyroid disease. After the pregnancy, a monthly evaluation of TSH, FT3, and FT4 was performed. Offspring evaluation was made at birth time. 88.8% of the women developed SCH in the first four weeks of pregnancy. Average LT4 doses increased as the pregnancy progressed. The monthly adjustment was 12.5 or 25 μg. All SCH cases developed in the first trimester of pregnancy. There was no significant difference regarding the gestational week, weight, or length at birth between the interventional group and controls, when TSH values were in the optimal range, during the whole pregnancy. Premature birth was described in one case in the interventional group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Stoian
- Obstetrics Gynecology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Stelian Pantea
- Surgery Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Madalin Margan
- Obstetrics Gynecology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Medical Informatics Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Florin Borcan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Marius Craina
- Obstetrics Gynecology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Craciunescu
- Microbiology Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Sq., Timisoara 300041, Romania.
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Takahashi T, Hara K, Takayoshi T, Ohata S, Takeuchi T, Sugimoto T, Nishiyvama K, Yasutomo Y, Yokono K. [Case Report; Gastric mucosa in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. (Discussion about a case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome 3B)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 105:81-5. [PMID: 27266046 DOI: 10.2169/naika.105.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that HT may be characterized by an imbalance in the helper T cell subsets Th1 and Th2. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) considers HT as a chronic exhaustion disease, leading to deficiency of qi. In TCM, qi indicates the functional power of the organs of the human body; hence TCM recommends focusing the treatment of HT so as to increase qi production. Ginseng is a well-known herbal medicine exhibiting a variety of efficacies, its main function-being to generate qi. Ginseng's principal active component is ginsenoside, and modern pharmacology has shown that ginsenoside demonstrates biphasic immunomodulatory effects that can be utilized for the treatment of immune disorders. Previous work demonstrated that ginsenoside has a therapeutic effect on HT, but its mechanism is unknown. Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats were produced in order to investigate whether ginsenoside can modulate Th1/Th2 imbalance, the direct objective being to examine modulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 by ELISA, and the gene and protein expression of T-bet and GATA-3 by real-time PCR and Western blot. IFN-γ levels were increased while IL-4 levels decreased in EAT rats; treatment with ginsenoside led to decreased peripheral blood IFN-γ levels, with low doses statistically significant. Ginsenoside produced a biphasic effect on IL-4, with low and moderate doses promoting and high doses inhibiting secretion. Both protein and mRNA levels of T-bet were markedly reduced, while GATA-3 was significantly increased by ginsenoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Qi Huang
- a Department of Endocrinology , First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , China
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Rodríguez-Muñoz A, Martínez-Hernández R, Ramos-Leví AM, Serrano-Somavilla A, González-Amaro R, Sánchez-Madrid F, de la Fuente H, Marazuela M. Circulating Microvesicles Regulate Treg and Th17 Differentiation in Human Autoimmune Thyroid Disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1531-9. [PMID: 26480286 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvesicles (MVs) are emerging as important contributors to the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. MVs can mediate immune modulation carrying genetic information, including microRNAs that can be transferred between cells. DESIGN We determined the plasma levels of annexin-V+ MVs derived from different immune cells and platelets in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) and in healthy controls. T lymphocyte polarization assays were performed in the presence of MVs to evaluate their effect in T regulatory and T helper 17 cells differentiation. microRNA content into plasma MVs and their corresponding mRNA targets were evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The percentage of platelet-derived MVs (CD41a+) was significantly increased in plasma samples from AITD patients compared with healthy controls. In contrast, patients with AITD showed a lower percentage of leukocyte and endothelial cell-derived MVs compared with controls. In addition, functional assays showed that MVs from AITD patients inhibited the in vitro differentiation of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (11.35% vs 4.40%, P = .01) and induced the expression of interferon-γ by CD4+ lymphocytes (10.91% vs 13.99%, P = .01) as well as the differentiation of T helper 17 pathogenic (IL-17+interferon-γ+) cells (1.98% vs 5.13%, P = .03). Furthermore, in AITD patients, whereas miR-146a and miR-155 were increased in circulating MVs, their targets IL-8 and SMAD4 were decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that circulating MVs seem to have a relevant role in the modulation of the inflammatory response observed in AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Rebeca Martínez-Hernández
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Ana M Ramos-Leví
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Ana Serrano-Somavilla
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Mónica Marazuela
- Department of Endocrinology (A.R.-M., R.-M.-H., A.M.R.-L., A.S.-S., M.M.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Immunology (F.S.-M., H.d.l.F.), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, 28029 Madrid, Spain; and Department of Immunology (R.G.-A.), School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 78210 San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
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Franco JS, Amaya-Amaya J, Molano-González N, Caro-Moreno J, Rodríguez-Jiménez M, Acosta-Ampudia Y, Mantilla RD, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya JM. Autoimmune thyroid disease in Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:943-50. [PMID: 25382266 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and the predictive factors of autoimmune hypothyroidism (AH) within a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort and to analyse the current information concerning the prevalence and impact of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with SLE. METHODS A total of 376 patients with SLE were assessed for the presence of the following: (i) confirmed AH, (ii) positive thy-roperoxidase/thyroglobulin antibodies [TPOAb/TgAb] without hypothyroidism, (iii) nonautoimmune hypothyroidism and (iv) SLE patients with neither. Multivariate analysis and a classification and regression tree model were used to analyse data. The current information was discussed through a systematic literature review (SLR). RESULTS In our cohort, the prevalence of confirmed AH was 12%. However, in euthyroid patients with SLE, TPOAb and TgAb were observed in 21% and 10%, respectively. Patients with confirmed AH were significantly older and had later age at onset of the disease. Smoking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6·93, 95% CI 1·98-28·54, P = 0·004), Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) (AOR 23·2, 95% CI 1·89-359·53, P = 0·015) and positivity for anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) (AOR 10·35, 95% CI 1·04-121·26, P = 0·047) were associated with AH-SLE, regardless of gender and duration of the disease. Smoking and SS were confirmed as predictors of AH-SLE. In the SLR, the prevalence of AITD ranged from 1% to 60%. The factors associated with this polyautoimmunity were female gender, older age, smoking, certain autoantibodies, SS, and cutaneous and articular involvement. CONCLUSIONS AITD is frequent in SLE and does not affect the severity of SLE. Identified risk factors will assist clinicians in the search for AITD. Our results encourage smoke-free policies in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Sebastian Franco
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jenny Amaya-Amaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolás Molano-González
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Caro-Moreno
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yeny Acosta-Ampudia
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rubén D Mantilla
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rojas-Villarraga
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Mederi, Hospital Universitario Mayor, Bogotá, Colombia
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Krátký J, Jiskra J. [Autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer]. Vnitr Lek 2015; 61:878-881. [PMID: 26486481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Association between autoimmune thyroiditis (CLT) and thyroid cancer remains not clear. Although both diseases often occur simultaneously in histological samples, it is not yet clear whether CLT can be regarded as a risk factor for thyroid malignancy. This review focus on the known epidemiological and molecular genetics links between both diseases. Most studies have shown a significant association between thyroid cancer and positive antibodies to thyroglobulin and histological evidence of CLT, as well. Both disorders share some risk factors (greater incidence in women, in areas with adequate supply of iodine and in patients after radiotherapy of the neck) and molecular genetics linkage. For example: RET/PTC rearrangements could be more often found in carcinomas associated with CLT, but this mutation could be found in benign lesions such as CLT, as well. CLT seems to be a positive prognostic factor in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. It is associated with less invasive forms of tumor, lower occurrence of infiltrated lymphatic nodes and a lower risk of recurrence.
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Hwang S, Shin DY, Kim EK, Yang WI, Byun JW, Lee SJ, Kim G, Im SJ, Lee EJ. Focal Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Nodules Share the Features of Papillary Thyroid Cancer on Ultrasound. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1338-44. [PMID: 26256977 PMCID: PMC4541664 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.5.1338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is often difficult to discriminate focal lymphocytic thyroiditis (FLT) or adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) from thyroid cancer if they both have suspicious ultrasound (US) findings. We aimed to make a predictive model of FLT from papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in suspicious nodules with benign cytologic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated 214 patients who had undergone fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and had shown thyroid nodules with suspicious US features. PTC was confirmed by surgical pathology. FLT and AH were confirmed through more than two separate FNABs. Clinical and biochemical findings, as well as US features, were evaluated. RESULTS Of 214 patients, 100 patients were diagnosed with PTC, 55 patients with FLT, and 59 patients with AH. The proportion of elevated thyrotropin (TSH) levels (p=0.014) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) or thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positivity (p<0.001) in the FLT group was significantly higher than that in the PTC group. Regarding US features, absence of calcification (p=0.006) and "diffuse thyroid disease" (DTD) pattern on US (p<0.001) were frequently seen in the FLT group. On multivariate analysis, Tg-Ab positivity, presence of a DTD pattern on US, and absence of calcification in nodules were associated with FLT with the best specificity of 99% and positive predictive value of 96%. In contrast, a taller than wide shape of nodules was the only variable significant for differentiating AH from PTC. CONCLUSION Suspicious thyroid nodules with cytologic benign results could be followed up with US rather than repeat FNAB, if patients exhibit Tg-Ab positivity, no calcifications in nodules, and a DTD pattern on US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Yeob Shin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ick Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Byun
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Im
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chrisoulidou A, Xirou P, Boudina M, Margaritidou E, Patakiouta F. Images in Endocrine Pathology: Isolated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis of the Thyroid in a Patient with Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Hyperthyroidism. Endocr Pathol 2015; 26:276-8. [PMID: 25898817 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fukuhara T, Matsuda E, Endo Y, Takenobu M, Izawa S, Fujiwara K, Kitano H. Correlation between quantitative shear wave elastography and pathologic structures of thyroid lesions. Ultrasound Med Biol 2015; 41:2326-2332. [PMID: 26055967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between shear wave velocity (SWV) generated by acoustic radiation force impulse and the pathologic structure of thyroid lesions. A total of 599 thyroid tissue samples were divided into four groups based on pathologic structure: 254 normal thyroid tissue samples as a control, 128 with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) that demonstrated diffuse fibrosis, 165 with benign nodules that had high cell density and 52 with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that showed high cell density and fibrosis. The mean SWVs in each group were as follows: 1.60 ± 0.18 m/s in normal thyroid, 2.55 ± 0.28 m/s in CAT, 1.72 ± 0.31 m/s in benign nodules and 2.66 ± 0.95 m/s in PTC. The SWVs of CAT and PTC were significantly higher than those of normal thyroid, (p < 0.001). SWV was significantly affected by fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukuhara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Eriko Matsuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Yukari Endo
- Department of Pathology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masao Takenobu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Izawa
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kitano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is essential for the host to ensure digestive and immunologic homeostasis. When microbiota homeostasis is impaired and dysbiosis occurs, the malfunction of epithelial barrier leads to intestinal and systemic disorders, chiefly immunologic and metabolic. The role of the intestinal tract is crucial in the metabolism of nutrients, drugs, and hormones, including exogenous and endogenous iodothyronines as well as micronutrients involved in thyroid homeostasis. However, the link between thyroid homeostasis and microbiota composition is not yet completely ascertained. A pathogenetic link with dysbiosis has been described in different autoimmune disorders but not yet fully elucidated in autoimmune thyroid disease which represents the most frequent of them. Anyway, it has been suggested that intestinal dysbiosis may trigger autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, hypo- and hyper-thyroidism, often of autoimmune origin, were respectively associated to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and to changes in microbiota composition. Whether some steps of this thyroid network may be affected by intestinal microbiota composition is briefly discussed below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Virili
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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Raess PW, Habashi A, El Rassi E, Milas M, Sauer DA, Troxell ML. Overlapping Morphologic and Immunohistochemical Features of Hashimoto Thyroiditis and IgG4-Related Thyroid Disease. Endocr Pathol 2015; 26:170-7. [PMID: 25898816 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-015-9368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an emerging clinicopathologic entity characterized by both IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and fibrosis in one or more organs, prototypically pancreas or salivary/lacrimal glands. IgG4-RD in the thyroid (IgG4-RTD) is an area of active study, and the relationship between IgG4-RTD and Hashimoto thyroiditis is not fully delineated due to their overlapping histologic features. Retrospective review was performed of all thyroidectomy cases demonstrating lymphocytic inflammation at a single institution over a 4-year period. Approximately half (23/38) of patients had a clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Nine of the 38 patients had increased absolute and relative numbers of IgG4+ plasma cells. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of HT had increased lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, but the relative proportion of IgG4+ plasma cells was not increased compared to patients without HT. There was no correlation between IgG4 levels and the amount of fibrosis in patients with or without HT. Patients identified as having the fibrosing variant of HT were not more likely to have increased levels of IgG4+ plasma cells than those without. There is significant morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap between HT and IgG4-RTD. Future studies to identify specific characteristics of IgG4-RTD involving the thyroid are necessary to accurately define this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp W Raess
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR, 97239, USA,
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Leo M, Menconi F, Rocchi R, Latrofa F, Sisti E, Profilo MA, Mazzi B, Albano E, Nardi M, Vitti P, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Role of the underlying thyroid disease on the phenotype of Graves' orbitopathy in a tertiary referral center. Thyroid 2015; 25:347-51. [PMID: 25584927 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2014.0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinically overt Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is associated with Graves' disease (GD) in approximately 95% of cases, whereas the remaining 5% is observed in patients with hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) or without overt thyroid dysfunction (euthyroid GO). However, it is not known whether there is a difference in terms of GO phenotype between patients with GD and those with hypothyroid AT or without thyroid dysfunction, and hence this is investigated here. METHODS The study design was to evaluate retrospectively all consecutive patients with a recent manifestation of GO, seen at their first visit to a tertiary referral center over a period of 10 years. In total, 358 GO patients were studied, and all of them underwent GO assessment. RESULTS Of the 358 patients studied, 341 had hyperthyroid GD, 10 had AT with hypothyroidism, and seven had euthyroid GO. Age, sex, and smoking habits were similar in the three groups, as was the time since GO was first noticed (GO duration). The vast majority of patients had moderate to severe, active GO, as expected in a tertiary referral center. Exophthalmometry, eyelid width, clinical activity score (CAS), diplopia, and visual acuity did not differ between patients with GD and those with AT or euthyroid GO, suggesting that the GO phenotype was similar. Accordingly, the NOSPECS score did not differ between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS The phenotype of GO is similar regardless of the underlying thyroid disease. Because this study was performed in a tertiary referral center, this conclusion can be restricted only to patients who develop moderate to severe GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marenza Leo
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Units, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa , Pisa, Italy
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Korzeniowska K, Ramotowska A, Szypowska A, Szadkowska A, Fendler W, Kalina-Faska B, Młynarski W, Jarosz-Chobot P, Myśliwiec M. How does autoimmune thyroiditis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus influence glycemic control, lipid profile and thyroid volume? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2015; 28:275-8. [PMID: 25210750 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) has any influence on glycemic control, lipid profile or thyroid volume. METHODS A total of 330 patients with DM1 and AIT (DM1+AIT group) were compared with 309 children with DM1 without AIT (control group). Patients were treated in four Polish academic pediatric diabetes centers from 2008 to 2012: Warsaw, Lodz, Katowice and Gdansk. All patients underwent measurements of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody, anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibody and HbA1c levels, and thyroid ultrasound examination. RESULTS Among AIT+DM1 patients, 62% (n=205) were female, whereas in the control group 60.8% (n=188) were male (p<0.0001). Children with AIT+DM1 had lower a BMI-SDS (mean difference of -0.5, 95% CI -0.68 to -0.33; p<0.0001), had a higher SDS thyroid volume (0.27, 95% CI 0.03-0.51; p=0.014) and needed less insulin (-0.15, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.11 U/kg body weight per day; p<0.0001) in comparison with the control group. AIT patients had higher HbA1c levels (0.66, 95% CI 0.36%-0.96%, p<0.0001), lower HDL-cholesterol levels (-3.68, 95% CI -1.41 to -5.94 mg/dL, p=0.002) and higher triglyceride levels (7.16, 95% CI 1.22-13.10 mg/dL, p=0.02). Patients with positive anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies were older (by 1.95 years, 95% CI 0.98-2.92 years, p=0.006) and had longer DM1 duration (by 1.64 years, 95% CI 0.76-2.52 years, p=0.006). Presence of anti-TPO antibodies was associated with higher TSH levels (odds ratio 2.34, 95% CI 1.36-4.04; p=0.007). CONCLUSION AIT accompanying DM1 is associated with worse glycemic control and lipid profile as well as a lower daily insulin requirement. The female gender is more likely to develop AIT and hypothyroidism.
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Park JY, Kim DW, Park HK, Ha TK, Jung SJ, Kim DH, Bae SK. Comparison of T stage, N stage, multifocality, and bilaterality in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients according to the presence of coexisting lymphocytic thyroiditis. Endocr Res 2015; 40:151-5. [PMID: 25531396 DOI: 10.3109/07435800.2014.977911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the relationship between coexisting lymphocytic thyroiditis and T-N stages of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by histopathological analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 653 patients who underwent thyroid surgery for PTC at our hospital. Each case was classified as either Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), non-Hashimoto type of lymphocytic thyroiditis (NHLT), or normal according to the histopathology of thyroid parenchyma. Patient age, gender, surgical modality, location, T stage, N stage, multifocality and bilaterality were compared according to the histopathology. RESULTS The prevalence of coexisting lymphocytic thyroiditis was 25.8% (169/653); HT (7.5%, 49/653) and NHLT (18.3%, 120/653). There were no significant differences in T stage, N stage, multifocality and bilaterality with regard to coexisting lymphocytic thyroiditis, regardless of whether HT and NHLT were considered collectively or discretely. Primary tumor size (p < 0.0001), location (p = 0.0011), N stage (p < 0.0001), multifocality (p < 0.0001) and bilaterality (p < 0.0001) differed significantly according to T stage, and gender (p = 0.0193), primary tumor size (p < 0.0001), T stage (p < 0.0001), multifocality (p < 0.0001) and bilaterality (p < 0.0001) differed significantly according to N stage. CONCLUSIONS PTC patients with coexisting lymphocytic thyroiditis did not differ from those with normal parenchyma in terms of T stage, N stage, multifocality and bilaterality.
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Chiarella G, Tognini S, Nacci A, Sieli R, Costante G, Petrolo C, Mancini V, Guzzi PH, Pasqualetti G, Cassandro E, Fattori B, Russo D, Monzani F. Vestibular disorders in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: role of thyroid autoimmunity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:600-5. [PMID: 24735417 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A relationship between vestibular disorders and thyroid autoimmunity independently from thyroid function has been postulated. AIM To shed more light on the actual relationship between vestibular lesions and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) regardless of thyroid function. METHODS Forty-seven patients with HT (89·4% F; aged 48·3 ± 12·7 years), 21 with multinodular goitre (MNG; 57·1% F; 54·1 ± 9·8 years) and 30 healthy volunteers (56·7% F; 50·7 ± 13·9 years) were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were the presence of normal thyroid function tests and no clinical history of vestibular dysfunction. Each subject was submitted to complete vestibular evaluation [Caloric Test, Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), Head Shaking Test (HST)]. RESULTS 52·2% of HT patients showed an alteration of VEMPs and 44·7% of caloric test (P < 0·0001 for both). None of the MNG patients showed any vestibular alteration, while one healthy control showed an altered caloric test. A correlation was found between vestibular alterations of HT patients and the degree of serum TPOAb level, not affected by age and serum TSH value. By logistic regression analysis, the absence of thyroid autoimmunity significantly reduced the risk of vestibular alterations: HR 0.19 (95%CI: 0·003-0.25, P = 0·0004) for caloric test; HR 0·07 (95%CI: 0·02-0·425, P < 0·0001) for VEMPs; and HR 0·22 (95%CI: 0·06-0·7, P = 0·01) for HST. CONCLUSION In euthyroid HT patients, a significant relationship between subclinical vestibular damage and the degree of TPOAb titre was documented. This finding suggests that circulating antithyroid autoantibodies may represent a risk factor for developing vestibular dysfunction. An accurate vestibular evaluation of HT patients with or without symptoms is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Chiarella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
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