1
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Merisaari J, Denisova OV, Doroszko M, Le Joncour V, Johansson P, Leenders WPJ, Kastrinsky DB, Zaware N, Narla G, Laakkonen P, Nelander S, Ohlmeyer M, Westermarck J. Monotherapy efficacy of blood-brain barrier permeable small molecule reactivators of protein phosphatase 2A in glioblastoma. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa002. [PMID: 32954276 PMCID: PMC7425423 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a fatal disease in which most targeted therapies have clinically failed. However, pharmacological reactivation of tumour suppressors has not been thoroughly studied as yet as a glioblastoma therapeutic strategy. Tumour suppressor protein phosphatase 2A is inhibited by non-genetic mechanisms in glioblastoma, and thus, it would be potentially amendable for therapeutic reactivation. Here, we demonstrate that small molecule activators of protein phosphatase 2A, NZ-8-061 and DBK-1154, effectively cross the in vitro model of blood–brain barrier, and in vivo partition to mouse brain tissue after oral dosing. In vitro, small molecule activators of protein phosphatase 2A exhibit robust cell-killing activity against five established glioblastoma cell lines, and nine patient-derived primary glioma cell lines. Collectively, these cell lines have heterogeneous genetic background, kinase inhibitor resistance profile and stemness properties; and they represent different clinical glioblastoma subtypes. Moreover, small molecule activators of protein phosphatase 2A were found to be superior to a range of kinase inhibitors in their capacity to kill patient-derived primary glioma cells. Oral dosing of either of the small molecule activators of protein phosphatase 2A significantly reduced growth of infiltrative intracranial glioblastoma tumours. DBK-1154, with both higher degree of brain/blood distribution, and more potent in vitro activity against all tested glioblastoma cell lines, also significantly increased survival of mice bearing orthotopic glioblastoma xenografts. In summary, this report presents a proof-of-principle data for blood–brain barrier—permeable tumour suppressor reactivation therapy for glioblastoma cells of heterogenous molecular background. These results also provide the first indications that protein phosphatase 2A reactivation might be able to challenge the current paradigm in glioblastoma therapies which has been strongly focused on targeting specific genetically altered cancer drivers with highly specific inhibitors. Based on demonstrated role for protein phosphatase 2A inhibition in glioblastoma cell drug resistance, small molecule activators of protein phosphatase 2A may prove to be beneficial in future glioblastoma combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni Merisaari
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Oxana V Denisova
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Milena Doroszko
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Vadim Le Joncour
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - William P J Leenders
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525, The Netherlands
| | - David B Kastrinsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5624, USA
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Laboratory Animal Centre, Helsinki Institute of Life Science - HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Atux Iskay LLC, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, USA
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
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2
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McClinch K, Avelar RA, Callejas D, Izadmehr S, Wiredja D, Perl A, Sangodkar J, Kastrinsky DB, Schlatzer D, Cooper M, Kiselar J, Stachnik A, Yao S, Hoon D, McQuaid D, Zaware N, Gong Y, Brautigan DL, Plymate SR, Sprenger CCT, Oh WK, Levine AC, Kirschenbaum A, Sfakianos JP, Sears R, DiFeo A, Ioannou Y, Ohlmeyer M, Narla G, Galsky MD. Small-Molecule Activators of Protein Phosphatase 2A for the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2065-2080. [PMID: 29358171 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Primary prostate cancer is generally treatable by androgen deprivation therapy, however, later recurrences of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that are more difficult to treat nearly always occur due to aberrant reactivation of the androgen receptor (AR). In this study, we report that CRPC cells are particularly sensitive to the growth-inhibitory effects of reengineered tricyclic sulfonamides, a class of molecules that activate the protein phosphatase PP2A, which inhibits multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Treatment of CRPC cells with small-molecule activators of PP2A (SMAP) in vitro decreased cellular viability and clonogenicity and induced apoptosis. SMAP treatment also induced an array of significant changes in the phosphoproteome, including most notably dephosphorylation of full-length and truncated isoforms of the AR and downregulation of its regulatory kinases in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In murine xenograft models of human CRPC, the potent compound SMAP-2 exhibited efficacy comparable with enzalutamide in inhibiting tumor formation. Overall, our results provide a preclinical proof of concept for the efficacy of SMAP in AR degradation and CRPC treatment.Significance: A novel class of small-molecule activators of the tumor suppressor PP2A, a serine/threonine phosphatase that inhibits many oncogenic signaling pathways, is shown to deregulate the phosphoproteome and to destabilize the androgen receptor in advanced prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 78(8); 2065-80. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly McClinch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rita A Avelar
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Callejas
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Danica Wiredja
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Abbey Perl
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David B Kastrinsky
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniela Schlatzer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maxwell Cooper
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Janna Kiselar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Agnes Stachnik
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Shen Yao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrine, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Divya Hoon
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Daniel McQuaid
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yixuan Gong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David L Brautigan
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cynthia C T Sprenger
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William K Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Alice C Levine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrine, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rosalie Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yiannis Ioannou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew D Galsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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3
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Sangodkar J, Perl A, Tohme R, Kiselar J, Kastrinsky DB, Zaware N, Izadmehr S, Mazhar S, Wiredja DD, O'Connor CM, Hoon D, Dhawan NS, Schlatzer D, Yao S, Leonard D, Borczuk AC, Gokulrangan G, Wang L, Svenson E, Farrington CC, Yuan E, Avelar RA, Stachnik A, Smith B, Gidwani V, Giannini HM, McQuaid D, McClinch K, Wang Z, Levine AC, Sears RC, Chen EY, Duan Q, Datt M, Haider S, Ma'ayan A, DiFeo A, Sharma N, Galsky MD, Brautigan DL, Ioannou YA, Xu W, Chance MR, Ohlmeyer M, Narla G. Activation of tumor suppressor protein PP2A inhibits KRAS-driven tumor growth. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2081-2090. [PMID: 28504649 DOI: 10.1172/jci89548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapies, which act on specific cancer-associated molecular targets, are predominantly inhibitors of oncogenic kinases. While these drugs have achieved some clinical success, the inactivation of kinase signaling via stimulation of endogenous phosphatases has received minimal attention as an alternative targeted approach. Here, we have demonstrated that activation of the tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a negative regulator of multiple oncogenic signaling proteins, is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancers. Our group previously developed a series of orally bioavailable small molecule activators of PP2A, termed SMAPs. We now report that SMAP treatment inhibited the growth of KRAS-mutant lung cancers in mouse xenografts and transgenic models. Mechanistically, we found that SMAPs act by binding to the PP2A Aα scaffold subunit to drive conformational changes in PP2A. These results show that PP2A can be activated in cancer cells to inhibit proliferation. Our strategy of reactivating endogenous PP2A may be applicable to the treatment of other diseases and represents an advancement toward the development of small molecule activators of tumor suppressor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sangodkar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abbey Perl
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rita Tohme
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Janna Kiselar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nilesh Zaware
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sahar Mazhar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Divya Hoon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Neil S Dhawan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Shen Yao
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lifu Wang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elena Svenson
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Eric Yuan
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rita A Avelar
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Agnes Stachnik
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Blake Smith
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vickram Gidwani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Daniel McQuaid
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Zhizhi Wang
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alice C Levine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Edward Y Chen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiaonan Duan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manish Datt
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Shozeb Haider
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Galsky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Wenqing Xu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark R Chance
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Sangodkar J, Farrington C, McClinch K, Galsky MD, Kastrinsky DB, Narla G. All roads lead to PP2A: exploiting the therapeutic potential of this phosphatase. FEBS J 2016; 283:1004-24. [PMID: 26507691 PMCID: PMC4803620 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a serine/threonine phosphatase involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. A confirmed tumor suppressor protein, PP2A is genetically altered or functionally inactivated in many cancers highlighting a need for its therapeutic reactivation. In this review we discuss recent literature on PP2A: the elucidation of its structure and the functions of its subunits, and the identification of molecular lesions and post-translational modifications leading to its dysregulation in cancer. A final section will discuss the proteins and small molecules that modulate PP2A and how these might be used to target dysregulated forms of PP2A to treat cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Sangodkar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline Farrington
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly McClinch
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D. Galsky
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B. Kastrinsky
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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5
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Li CW, Menconi F, Osman R, Mezei M, Jacobson EM, Concepcion E, David CS, Kastrinsky DB, Ohlmeyer M, Tomer Y. Identifying a Small Molecule Blocking Antigen Presentation in Autoimmune Thyroiditis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:4079-90. [PMID: 26703475 PMCID: PMC4759184 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.694687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that an HLA-DR variant containing arginine at position 74 of the DRβ1 chain (DRβ1-Arg74) is the specific HLA class II variant conferring risk for autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). We also identified 5 thyroglobulin (Tg) peptides that bound to DRβ1-Arg74. We hypothesized that blocking the binding of these peptides to DRβ1-Arg74 could block the continuous T-cell activation in thyroiditis needed to maintain the autoimmune response to the thyroid. The aim of the current study was to identify small molecules that can block T-cell activation by Tg peptides presented within DRβ1-Arg74 pockets. We screened a large and diverse library of compounds and identified one compound, cepharanthine that was able to block peptide binding to DRβ1-Arg74. We then showed that Tg.2098 is the dominant peptide when inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in NOD mice expressing human DRβ1-Arg74. Furthermore, cepharanthine blocked T-cell activation by thyroglobulin peptides, in particular Tg.2098 in mice that were induced with EAT. For the first time we identified a small molecule that can block Tg peptide binding and presentation to T-cells in autoimmune thyroiditis. If confirmed cepharanthine could potentially have a role in treating human AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roman Osman
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Mihaly Mezei
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | | | | | - Chella S David
- the Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, and
| | - David B Kastrinsky
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Yaron Tomer
- From the Division of Endocrinology, the Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10468
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6
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Kastrinsky DB, Sangodkar J, Zaware N, McClinch K, Farrington CC, Giannini HM, Izadmehr S, Dhawan NS, Narla G, Ohlmeyer M. Corrigendum to "Reengineered tricyclic anti-cancer agents" [Bioorg. Med. Chem. 23 (2015) 6528-6534]. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7487. [PMID: 28290285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B Kastrinsky
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Kimberly McClinch
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Caroline C Farrington
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Heather M Giannini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Neil S Dhawan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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7
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Kastrinsky DB, Sangodkar J, Zaware N, Izadmehr S, Dhawan NS, Narla G, Ohlmeyer M. Reengineered tricyclic anti-cancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6528-34. [PMID: 26372073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The phenothiazine and dibenzazepine tricyclics are potent neurotropic drugs with a documented but underutilized anti-cancer side effect. Reengineering these agents (TFP, CPZ, CIP) by replacing the basic amine with a neutral polar functional group (e.g., RTC-1, RTC-2) abrogated their CNS effects as demonstrated by in vitro pharmacological assays and in vivo behavioral models. Further optimization generated several phenothiazines and dibenzazepines with improved anti-cancer potency, exemplified by RTC-5. This new lead demonstrated efficacy against a xenograft model of an EGFR driven cancer without the neurotropic effects exhibited by the parent molecules. Its effects were attributed to concomitant negative regulation of PI3K-AKT and RAS-ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Kastrinsky
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Nilesh Zaware
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Sudeh Izadmehr
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Neil S Dhawan
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Michael Ohlmeyer
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, United States.
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8
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Robertson WM, Kastrinsky DB, Hwang I, Boger DL. Synthesis and evaluation of a series of C5'-substituted duocarmycin SA analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2722-5. [PMID: 20381346 PMCID: PMC2867475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of a key series of analogs of duocarmycin SA, bearing a single substituent at the C5' position of the DNA binding subunit, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - David B. Kastrinsky
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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9
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Abstract
A concise synthesis of (14)C labeled meropenem prepared from (14)C dimethylamine hydrochloride is described. Using a similar reaction sequence, the meropenem nucleus was also attached to biotin providing a probe for protein interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Kastrinsky
- The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectous Diseases, Tuberculosis Research Section, Bethesda MD 20892
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10
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Tichenor MS, Trzupek JD, Kastrinsky DB, Shiga F, Hwang I, Boger DL. Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)- and ent-(-)-yatakemycin and duocarmycin SA: evaluation of yatakemycin key partial structures and its unnatural enantiomer. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15683-96. [PMID: 17147378 PMCID: PMC2515590 DOI: 10.1021/ja064228j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Complementary to studies that provided the first yatakemycin total synthesis resulting in its structure revision and absolute stereochemistry assignment, a second-generation asymmetric total synthesis is disclosed herein. Since the individual yatakemycin subunits are identical to those of duocarmycin SA (alkylation subunit) or CC-1065 (central and right-hand subunits), the studies also provide an improvement in our earlier total synthesis of CC-1065 and, as detailed herein, have been extended to an asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-duocarmycin SA. Further extensions of the studies provided key yatakemycin partial structures and analogues for comparative assessments. This included the definition of the DNA selectivity (adenine central to a five-base-pair AT sequence, e.g., 5'-AAAAA), efficiency, relative rate, and reversibility of ent-(-)-yatakemycin and its comparison with the natural enantiomer (identical selectivity and efficiency), structural characterization of the adenine N3 adduct confirming the nature of the DNA reaction, and comparisons of the cytotoxic activity of the natural product (L1210, IC50 = 5 pM) with those of its unnatural enantiomer (IC50 = 5 pM) and a series of key partial structures including those that probe the role of the C-terminus thiomethyl ester. The only distinguishing features between the enantiomers is that ent-(-)-yatakemycin alkylates DNA at a slower rate (krel = 0.13) and is reversible, whereas (+)-yatakemycin is not. Nonetheless, even ent-(-)-yatakemycin alkylates DNA at a faster rate and with a greater thermodynamic stability than (+)-duocarmycin SA, illustrating the unique characteristics of such "sandwiched" agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Tichenor
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - David B. Kastrinsky
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Futoshi Shiga
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Inkyu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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11
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Abstract
The total synthesis of the reported structure 2 for yatakemycin, an exceptionally potent, naturally occurring antitumor agent disclosed in 2003, and its lack of correlation with the natural product are detailed. On the basis of spectroscopic distinctions between 2 and yatakemycin, the natural product structure was reformulated as 3, now bearing a thiomethyl ester versus thioacetate in the left-hand subunit. Total synthesis of 3 provided a compound nearly identical to but still subtly distinct from the natural product. A second reformulation of the yatakemycin structure as 1, incorporating the alternatively substituted right-hand subunit as well as the initial thiomethyl ester reformulation, was confirmed by total synthesis of both (+)- and ent-(-)-1 in studies that also unambiguously established the absolute configuration of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Tichenor
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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12
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Abstract
A short, asymmetric synthesis of the 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benzo[e]indol-4-one (CBI) analogue of the CC-1065 and duocarmycin alkylation subunits is detailed that employs an effective enzymatic desymmetrization reaction of prochiral diol 12 using a commercially available Pseudomonas sp. lipase. The optically active monoacetate (S)-13 is furnished in exceptional conversions (88%) and optical purity (99% ee) and serves as an intermediate for the preparation of either enantiomer of CBI. Similarly, the Pseudomonas sp. lipase resolved the racemic intermediate 19, affording advanced intermediates of CBI in good conversions and optical purity (99% ee), and provided an alternative approach to the preparation of optically active CBI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Kastrinsky
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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13
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Parrish JP, Kastrinsky DB, Hwang I, Boger DL. Synthesis and Evaluation of Duocarmycin and CC-1065 Analogues Incorporating the 1,2,9,9a-Tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]-3-azaindol-4-one (CBA) Alkylation Subunit. J Org Chem 2003; 68:8984-90. [PMID: 14604371 DOI: 10.1021/jo035119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient eight-step synthesis (53% overall) and the evaluation of 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]-3-azaindol-4-one (CBA) and its derivatives containing an aza variant of the CC-1065/duocarmycin alkylation subunit are detailed. This unique deep-seated aza modification provided an unprecedented 2-aza-4,4-spirocyclopropacyclohexadienone that was characterized chemically and structurally (X-ray). CBA proved structurally identical with CBI, the carbon analogue, including the stereoelectronic alignment of the key cyclopropane, its bond lengths, and the bond length of the diagnostic C3a-N2 bond, reflecting the extent of vinylogous amide (amidine) conjugation. Despite these structural similarities, CBA and its derivatives were found to be much more reactive toward solvolysis and hydrolysis, much less effective DNA alkylating agents (1000-fold), and biologically much less potent (100- to 1000-fold) than the corresponding CBI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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14
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Abstract
Yatakemycin represents the newest and now most potent member of a class of naturally occurring antitumor compounds that includes CC-1065 and the duocarmycins, which derive their biological properties from a characteristic DNA alkylation reaction. Herein, the first description of the yatakemycin DNA alkylation properties is detailed, constituting the first such study of a naturally occurring "sandwiched" member of this class. Thus, the event, sequence selectivity, relative rate and efficiency, and reversibility of the DNA alkylation reaction of yatakemycin are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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15
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Parrish JP, Kastrinsky DB, Stauffer F, Hedrick MP, Hwang I, Boger DL. Establishment of substituent effects in the DNA binding subunit of CBI analogues of the duocarmycins and CC-1065. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:3815-38. [PMID: 12901927 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An extensive series of CBI analogues of the duocarmycins and CC-1065 exploring substituent effects within the first indole DNA binding subunit is detailed. In general, substitution at the indole C5 position led to cytotoxic potency enhancements that can be >/=1000-fold providing simplified analogues containing a single DNA binding subunit that are more potent (IC(50)=2-3 pM) than CBI-TMI, duocarmycin SA, or CC-1065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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16
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Abstract
[structure: see text] An efficient eight-step synthesis (54% overall) and the subsequent X-ray characterization of 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benz[e]-3-azaindol-4-one (CBA) containing an aza variant of the CC-1065/duocarmycin alkylation subunit are detailed. Despite the unique deep-seated aza modification providing an unprecedented and stable 2-aza-4,4-spirocyclopropacyclohexadienone, CBA proved to be structurally identical with CBI, the carbon analogue, in terms of the stereoelectronic alignment of the key cyclopropane, its bond lengths, and the length of the diagnostic C3a-N2 bond reflecting the extent of vinylogous amide conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Parrish
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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