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Radhakrishnan H, Rangarajan R, Pandian R, Dhara SK. Template-assisted growth of Ga-based nanoparticle clusters on Si: effect of post-annealing process on the Ga ion beam exposed 2D arrays fabricated by focused ion beam nanolithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:375302. [PMID: 38865970 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate template-assisted growth of gallium-based nanoparticle clusters on silicon substrate using a focused ion beam (FIB) nanolithography technique. The nanolithography counterpart of the technique steers a focussed 30 kV accelerated gallium ion beam on the surface of Si to create template patterns of two-dimensional dot arrays. Growth of the nanoparticles is governed by two vital steps namely implantation of gallium into the substrate via gallium beam exposure and formation of the stable nanoparticles on the surface of the substrate by subsequent annealing at elevated temperature in ammonia atmosphere. The growth primarily depends on the dose of implanted gallium which is in the order of 107atoms per spot and it is also critically influenced by the temperature and duration of the post-annealing treatment. By controlling the growth parameters, it is possible to obtain one particle per spot and particle densities as high as 109particles per square centimetre could be achieved in this case. The demonstrated growth process, utilizing the advantages of FIB nanolithography, is categorized under the guided organization approach as it combines both the classical top-down and bottom-up approaches. Patterned growth of the particles could be utilized as templates or nucleation sites for the growth of an organized array of nanostructures or quantum dot structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrudya Radhakrishnan
- Surface and Sensors Studies Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Ramanathaswamy Pandian
- Surface and Sensors Studies Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Dhara
- Surface and Sensors Studies Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Electrostatically Driven Vertical Combinatorial Patterning of Colloidal Nano-Objects. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The hierarchically directed assembly of multiple types of colloidal nano-objects on surfaces is of interest for developing disruptive applications combining their original properties. We propose herein a versatile, electrostatically driven strategy to arrange various kinds of colloids vertically in the shape of 3D micropatterns by nanoxerography. We made the proof of concept of this vertical combinatorial nano-object patterning using two types of photoluminescent CdSe(S)/CdZnS core/shell nanoplatelets emitting in the red and green wavelengths as model colloidal nanoparticles. The key experimental parameters were investigated to tune the thickness of each independent level of nanoplatelets within the vertical stack. We finally applied such a concept to make dual-colored nanoplatelet patterns. Interestingly, we proved numerically that the relatively high index of the nanoplatelet level is responsible for the partially directed emissions observed in photoluminescence experiments.
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On the in situ 3D electrostatic directed assembly of CdSe/CdZnS colloidal quantum nanoplatelets towards display applications. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 630:924-933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Korotcenkov G. Current Trends in Nanomaterials for Metal Oxide-Based Conductometric Gas Sensors: Advantages and Limitations. Part 1: 1D and 2D Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1392. [PMID: 32708967 PMCID: PMC7407990 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the main uses of 1D and 2D nanomaterials in the development of conductometric gas sensors based on metal oxides. It is shown that, along with the advantages of these materials, which can improve the parameters of gas sensors, there are a number of disadvantages that significantly limit their use in the development of devices designed for the sensor market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Moldova State University, MD-2009 Chisinau, Moldova
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Abd El-Sadek MS, Wasly HS, Batoo KM. X-ray peak profile analysis and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal method. APPLIED PHYSICS A 2019; 125:283. [DOI: 10.1007/s00339-019-2576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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6
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Borah D, Cummins C, Rasappa S, Senthamaraikannan R, Salaun M, Zelsmann M, Liontos G, Ntetsikas K, Avgeropoulos A, Morris MA. Nanopatterning via Self-Assembly of a Lamellar-Forming Polystyrene-block-Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Diblock Copolymer on Topographical Substrates Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E32. [PMID: 29315245 PMCID: PMC5791119 DOI: 10.3390/nano8010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of a lamellar-forming polystyrene-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) diblock copolymer (DBCP) was studied herein for surface nanopatterning. The DBCP was synthesized by sequential living anionic polymerization of styrene and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D₃). The number average molecular weight (Mn), polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) and PS volume fraction (φps) of the DBCP were MnPS = 23.0 kg mol-1, MnPDMS = 15.0 kg mol-1, Mw/Mn = 1.06 and φps = 0.6. Thin films of the DBCP were cast and solvent annealed on topographically patterned polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) substrates. The lamellae repeat distance or pitch (λL) and the width of the PDMS features (dL) are ~35 nm and ~17 nm, respectively, as determined by SEM. The chemistry of the POSS substrates was tuned, and the effects on the self-assembly of the DBCP noted. The PDMS nanopatterns were used as etching mask in order to transfer the DBCP pattern to underlying silicon substrate by a complex plasma etch process yielding sub-15 nm silicon features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipu Borah
- AMBER Centre & CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cian Cummins
- AMBER Centre & CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sozaraj Rasappa
- AMBER Centre & CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Mathieu Salaun
- Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microelectronique (CNRS), 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microelectronique (CNRS), 38054 Grenoble, France.
| | - George Liontos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Ntetsikas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Michael A Morris
- AMBER Centre & CRANN, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland.
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7
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Glucose Oxidase-Based Glucose-Sensitive Drug Delivery for Diabetes Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9070255. [PMID: 30970930 PMCID: PMC6432078 DOI: 10.3390/polym9070255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucose-sensitive drug delivery systems based on glucose oxidase (GOD), which exhibit highly promising applications in diabetes therapy, have attracted much more interest in recent years. The self-regulated drug delivery systems regulate drug release by glucose concentration automatically and continuously to control the blood glucose level (BGL) in normoglycemic state. This review covers the recent advances at the developments of GOD-based glucose-sensitive drug delivery systems and their in vivo applications for diabetes treatment. The applications of GOD-immobilized platforms, such as self-assembly layer-by-layer (LbL) films and polymer vesicles, cross-linking hydrogels and microgels, hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and microdevices fabricated with insulin reservoirs have been surveyed. The glucose-sensitive drug delivery systems based on GOD are expected to be a typical candidate for smart platforms for potential applications in diabetes therapy.
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8
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Multifunctional ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a theranostic agent. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.02.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Borah D, Cummins C, Rasappa S, Watson SMD, Pike AR, Horrocks BR, Fulton DA, Houlton A, Liontos G, Ntetsikas K, Avgeropoulos A, Morris MA. Nanoscale silicon substrate patterns from self-assembly of cylinder forming poly(styrene)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymer on silane functionalized surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:044001. [PMID: 27981945 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/28/4/044001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Poly(styrene)-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) is an excellent block copolymer (BCP) system for self-assembly and inorganic template fabrication because of its high Flory-Huggins parameter (χ ∼ 0.26) at room temperature in comparison to other BCPs, and high selective etch contrast between PS and PDMS block for nanopatterning. In this work, self-assembly in PS-b-PDMS BCP is achieved by combining hydroxyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS-OH) brush surfaces with solvent vapor annealing. As an alternative to standard brush chemistry, we report a simple method based on the use of surfaces functionalized with silane-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). A solution-based approach to SAM formation was adopted in this investigation. The influence of the SAM-modified surfaces upon BCP films was compared with polymer brush-based surfaces. The cylinder forming PS-b-PDMS BCP and PDMS-OH polymer brush were synthesized by sequential living anionic polymerization. It was observed that silane SAMs provided the appropriate surface chemistry which, when combined with solvent annealing, led to microphase segregation in the BCP. It was also demonstrated that orientation of the PDMS cylinders may be controlled by judicious choice of the appropriate silane. The PDMS patterns were successfully used as an on-chip etch mask to transfer the BCP pattern to underlying silicon substrate with sub-25 nm silicon nanoscale features. This alternative SAM/BCP approach to nanopattern formation shows promising results, pertinent in the field of nanotechnology, and with much potential for application, such as in the fabrication of nanoimprint lithography stamps, nanofluidic devices or in narrow and multilevel interconnected lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipu Borah
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland. AMBER, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Tagliabue A, Izzo L, Mella M. Out of Equilibrium Self-Assembly of Janus Nanoparticles: Steering It from Disordered Amorphous to 2D Patterned Aggregates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:12934-12946. [PMID: 27809544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solvent evaporation driven self-assembly of Janus nanoparticles (J-NPs) has been simulated employing lattice-gas models to investigate the possible emergence of new superlattices. Depending on the chemical nature of NP faces (hence solvophilicity and relative interaction strength), zebra-like or check-like patterns and micellar agglomerates can be obtained. Vesicle-like aggregates can be produced by micelle-based corrals during heterogeneous evaporation. Patterns formed during aggregation appear to be robust against changes in evaporation modality (i.e., spinodal or heterogeneous) or interaction strengths, and they are due to a strictly nanoscopic orientation of single J-NPs in all cases. Due to the latter feature, the aggregate size growth law N(t) ∝ ta has its exponent a markedly depending on the chemical nature of the J-NPs involved in spite of the unvaried growth mechanism. We interpret such a finding as connected to the increasingly stricter orientation pre-requirements for successful (binding) NP landing upon going from isotropic (a ≃ 0.50), to "zebra" (a ≃ 0.38), to "check" (a ≃ 0.23), and finally to "micelle" (a = 0.15-0.17) pattern forming NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tagliabue
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Lorella Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Massimo Mella
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria , via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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11
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Bhushan B, Luo D, Schricker SR, Sigmund W, Zauscher S. Hierarchical Self-Assembled Peptide Nano-ensembles. HANDBOOK OF NANOMATERIALS PROPERTIES 2014. [PMCID: PMC7123264 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31107-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A variety of peptides can be self-assembled, i.e. self-organized spontaneously, into large and complex hierarchical structures, reproducibly by regulating a range of parameters that can be environment driven, process driven, or peptide driven. These supramolecular peptide aggregates yield different shapes and structures like nanofibers, nanotubes, nanobelts, nanowires, nanotapes, and micelles. These peptide nanostructures represent a category of materials that bridge biotechnology and nanotechnology and are found suitable not only for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery but also in nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan
- Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York USA
| | - Scott R. Schricker
- Division of Restorative, Prosthetic and Primary Care, The Ohio State University, College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Wolfgang Sigmund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina USA
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12
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Fowlkes JD, Roberts NA, Wu Y, Diez JA, González AG, Hartnett C, Mahady K, Afkhami S, Kondic L, Rack PD. Hierarchical nanoparticle ensembles synthesized by liquid phase directed self-assembly. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:774-782. [PMID: 24372258 DOI: 10.1021/nl404128d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A liquid metal filament supported on a dielectric substrate was directed to fragment into an ordered, mesoscale particle ensemble. Imposing an undulated surface perturbation on the filament forced the development of a single unstable mode from the otherwise disperse, multimodal Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The imposed mode paved the way for a hierarchical spatial fragmentation of the filament into particles, previously seen only at much larger scales. Ultimately, nanoparticle radius control is demonstrated using a micrometer scale switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Fowlkes
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37381, United States
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13
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Han Q, Wang X, Yang Z, Zhu W, Zhou X, Jiang H. Fe₃O₄@rGO doped molecularly imprinted polymer membrane based on magnetic field directed self-assembly for the determination of amaranth. Talanta 2014; 123:101-8. [PMID: 24725870 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on magnetic field directed self-assembly (MDSA) of Fe3O4@rGO composites, a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (MIES) was fabricated and developed for the determination of the azo dye amaranth. Fe3O4@rGO composites were obtained by a one-step approach involving the initial intercalating of iron ions between the graphene oxide layers via the electrostatic interaction, followed by the reduction with hydrazine hydrate to deposit Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto the reduced oxide graphene nanosheets. In molecular imprinting, the complex including the function monomer of aniline, the template of amaranth and Fe3O4@rGO was pre-assembled through π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions, and then was self-assembled on the surface of magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) with the help of magnetic field induction before electropolymerization. The structures and morphologies of Fe3O4@rGO and the doped molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Raman spectra and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Besides, the characterization by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) showed that Fe3O4@rGO composites promoted the electrical conductivity of the imprinted sensors when doped into the MIPs. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were employed to evaluate the performances of MIES. The detection of amaranth was achieved via the redox probe K3[Fe(CN)6] by blocking the imprinted cavities, which avoided the interferences of oxidation products and analogs of amaranth. Furthermore, the prepared MIES exhibited good sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and efficiency for detecting amaranth in fruit drinks. The average recoveries were 93.15-100.81% with the RSD <3.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zaiyue Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Wanying Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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14
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Borah D, Simao CD, Senthamaraikannan R, Rasappa S, Francone A, Lorret O, Salaun M, Kosmala B, Kehagias N, Zelsmann M, Sotomayor-Torres CM, Morris MA. Soft-graphoepitaxy using nanoimprinted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane substrates for the directed self-assembly of PS-b-PDMS. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Borah D, Rasappa S, Senthamaraikannan R, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Tuning PDMS brush chemistry by UV-O3 exposure for PS-b-PDMS microphase separation and directed self-assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:8959-8968. [PMID: 23751134 DOI: 10.1021/la401561k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) thin films could enable a scalable, bottom-up alternative to photolithography for the generation of substrate features. The PS-b-PDMS (polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane) system is attractive as it can be extended toward very small feature sizes as well as having two blocks that can be readily differentiated during pattern transfer. However, PS-b-PDMS offers a considerable challenge because of the chemical differences in the blocks which lead to poor surface-wetting, poor pattern orientation control, and structural instabilities. These challenges can be mitigated by careful definition of the interface chemistry between the substrate and the BCP. Here, we report controlled pattern formation in cylinder forming PS-b-PDMS system by use of a carefully controlled PDMS brush. Control of the brush was achieved using exposure to UV-O3 for varying time. It is demonstrated that this treatment enhances surface wetting and coverage of the BCP. The modified brushes also enable DSA of the BCP on topographically patterned substrates. UV-O3 exposure was also used to reveal the BCP structure and provide an in situ "hard mask" for pattern transfer to the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipu Borah
- Materials Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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16
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Levchenko I, Cvelbar U, Modic M, Filipič G, Zhong XX, Mozetič M, Ostrikov K. Nanoherding: Plasma-Chemical Synthesis and Electric-Charge-Driven Self Organization of SiO2 Nanodots. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:681-686. [PMID: 26281886 DOI: 10.1021/jz400092m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the chemical synthesis of the arrays of silicon oxide nanodots and their self-organization on the surface via physical processes triggered by surface charges. The method based on chemically active oxygen plasma leads to the rearrangement of nanostructures and eventually to the formation of groups of nanodots. This behavior is explained in terms of the effect of electric field on the kinetics of surface processes. The direct measurements of the electric charges on the surface demonstrate that the charge correlates with the density and arrangement of nanodots within the array. Extensive numerical simulations support the proposed mechanism and prove a critical role of the electric charges in the self-organization. This simple and environment-friendly self-guided process could be used in the chemical synthesis of large arrays of nanodots on semiconducting surfaces for a variety of applications in catalysis, energy conversion and storage, photochemistry, environmental and biosensing, and several others.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Levchenko
- ‡CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
- §The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - U Cvelbar
- †Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Modic
- †Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - G Filipič
- †Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - X X Zhong
- ∥Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - M Mozetič
- †Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Ostrikov
- ‡CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P.O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
- §The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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17
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Borah D, Rasappa S, Senthamaraikannan R, Kosmala B, Shaw MT, Holmes JD, Morris MA. Orientation and alignment control of microphase-separated PS-b-PDMS substrate patterns via polymer brush chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:88-97. [PMID: 23227917 DOI: 10.1021/am302150z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) microphase separation at substrate surfaces might enable the generation of substrate features in a scalable, bottom-up fashion, provided that the pattern structure, orientation, and alignment can be strictly controlled. The PS-b-PDMS (polystyrene-b-polydimethylsiloxane) system is attractive because it can form small features and the two blocks can be readily differentiated during pattern transfer. However, PS-b-PDMS offers a considerable challenge, because of the chemical differences in the blocks, which leads to poor surface wetting, poor pattern orientation control, and structural instabilities. These challenges are considerably greater when line patterns must be created, and this is the focus of the current work. Here, we report controlled pattern formation in cylinder-forming PS-b-PDMS by anchoring different types of hydroxyl-terminated homopolymer and random copolymer brushes on planar and topographically patterned silicon substrates for the fabrication of nanoscale templates. It is demonstrated that non-PDMS-OH-containing brushes may be used, which offers an advantage for substrate feature formation. To demonstrate the three-dimensional (3-D) film structure and show the potential of this system toward applications such as structure generation, the PDMS patterns were transferred to the underlying substrate to fabricate nanoscale features with a feature size of ~14 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipu Borah
- Materials Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Kumar P. Laser flash synthesis of graphene and its inorganic analogues: An innovative breakthrough with immense promise. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Fowlkes JD, Kondic L, Diez JA, González AG, Wu Y, Roberts NA, McCold CE, Rack PD. Parallel assembly of particles and wires on substrates by dictating instability evolution in liquid metal films. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:7376-7382. [PMID: 23041770 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metal wires supported on substrates destabilize into droplets. The destabilization exhibits many characteristics of the Rayleigh-Plateau model of fluid jet breakup in vacuum. In either case, breakup is driven by unstable, varicose surface oscillations with wavelengths greater than the critical one (λ(c)). Here, by controlling the nanosecond liquid lifetime as well as stability of a rivulet as a function of its length by lithography, we demonstrate the ability to dictate the parallel assembly of wires and particles with precise placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Fowlkes
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37381-6493, USA.
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Luz GM, Mano JF. A nanotectonics approach to produce hierarchically organized bioactive glass nanoparticles-based macrospheres. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:6293-6297. [PMID: 22992681 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr31895d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive particles have been widely used in a series of biomedical applications due to their ability to promote bone-bonding and elicit favorable biological responses in therapies associated with the replacement and regeneration of mineralized tissues. In this work hierarchical architectures are prepared by an innovative methodology using SiO(2)-CaO sol-gel based nanoparticles. Inspired by colloidal crystals, spherical aggregates were formed on biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces using bioactive glass nanoparticles (BG-NPs) able to promote bone regeneration. A highly ordered organization, a common feature of mineralized structures in Nature, was achieved at both nano- and microlevels, being the crystallization degree of the structures controlled by the evaporation rates taking place at room temperature (RT) or at 4 °C. The crystallization degree of the structures influenced the Ca/P ratio of the apatitic film formed at their surface, after 7 days of immersion in SBF. This allows the regulation of bioactive properties and the ability to release potential additives that could be also incorporated in such particles with a high efficiency. Such a versatile method to produce bioactive particles with controlled size and internal structure could open new possibilities in designing new spherical devices for orthopaedic applications, including tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela M Luz
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
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Bi W, Wu X, Yeow EKL. Unconventional multiple ring structure formation from evaporation-induced self-assembly of polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:11056-11063. [PMID: 22747256 DOI: 10.1021/la300697w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The formation of multiring deposits of poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) from the evaporation of a P2VP-(2,6-lutidine + water) drop on a glass substrate does not conform to the conventional pinning-depinning mechanism. Instead, ringlike deposits are formed when the droplet undergoes several cycles of spreading and receding where, for each spreading event, a P2VP ridge is formed at the contact line when the polymer flows toward the outward advancing edge. The complex interplay between an outward solutal-Marangoni flow due to a higher concentration of the polymer at the contact line and an inward solvent-Marangoni flow arising from the differences in volatilities and surface tensions of the pure solvent components plays an important role in enhancing the droplet spreading rate. The newly discovered surface patterning mechanism has important implications in the development of novel techniques for inducing self-assembly of functional materials from evaporating drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuguo Bi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore
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Liu JW, Liang HW, Yu SH. Macroscopic-Scale Assembled Nanowire Thin Films and Their Functionalities. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4770-99. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200347w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Wei Liang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Department of Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Hu J, Qian Y, Wang X, Liu T, Liu S. Drug-loaded and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle surface-embedded amphiphilic block copolymer micelles for integrated chemotherapeutic drug delivery and MR imaging. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:2073-2082. [PMID: 22047551 DOI: 10.1021/la203992q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of organic/inorganic hybrid micelles of amphiphilic block copolymers physically encapsulated with hydrophobic drugs within micellar cores and stably embedded with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles within hydrophilic coronas, which possess integrated functions of chemotherapeutic drug delivery and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast enhancement. Poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(glycerol monomethacrylate), PCL-b-PGMA, and PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-FA) amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized at first by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and post- modification techniques, where OEGMA and FA are oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate and folic acid-bearing moieties, respectively. A model hydrophobic anticancer drug, paclitaxel (PTX), and 4 nm SPIO nanoparticles were then loaded into micellar cores and hydrophilic coronas, respectively, of mixed micelles fabricated from PCL-b-PGMA and PCL-b-P(OEGMA-co-FA) diblock copolymers by taking advantage of the hydrophobicity of micellar cores and strong affinity between 1,2-diol moieties in PGMA and Fe atoms at the surface of SPIO nanoparticles. The controlled and sustained release of PTX from hybrid micelles was achieved, exhibiting a cumulative release of ~61% encapsulated drugs (loading content, 8.5 w/w%) over ~130 h. Compared to that of surfactant-stabilized single SPIO nanoparticles (r(2) = 28.3 s(-1) mM(-1) Fe), the clustering of SPIO nanoparticles within micellar coronas led to considerably enhanced T(2) relaxivity (r(2) = 121.1 s(-1) mM(-1) Fe), suggesting that hybrid micelles can serve as a T(2)-weighted MR imaging contrast enhancer with improved performance. Moreover, preliminary experiments of in vivo MR imaging were also conducted. These results indicate that amphiphilic block copolymer micelles surface embedded with SPIO nanoparticles at the hydrophilic corona can act as a new generation of nanoplatform integrating targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and disease diagnostic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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