1
|
Manoharan M, Govindharaj K, Muthumalai K, Pandian R, Haldorai Y, Rajendra Kumar RT. Highly Selective Room Temperature Detection of NH 3 and NO x Using Oxygen-Deficient W 18O 49-Supported WS 2 Heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4703-4712. [PMID: 36637973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the controlled synthesis of tungsten disulfide/reduced tungsten oxide (WS2/W18O49) heterojunctions for highly efficient room temperature NOx and ammonia (NH3) sensors. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of the oxygen-deficient W18O49 phase along with WS2. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy displayed the formation of WS2 flakes over W18O49 nanorods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the presence of tungsten in W4+, W5+, and W6+ oxidation states corresponding to WS2 and W18O49, respectively. The WS2/W18O49 heterojunction sensor exhibited sub-ppm level sensitivity to NOx and NH3 at room temperature. The heterojunction sensor detected 0.6 ppm NOx and 0.5 ppm NH3, with a corresponding response of 7.1 and 3.8%, respectively. The limit of detection of the sensor was calculated to be 0.05 and 0.17 ppm for NH3 and NOx, respectively. The cyclic stability test showed that the sensor exhibited high stability even after 24 cycles for the detection of NH3 and 14 cycles for NOx. Compared to pristine WO3 and WS2, the WS2/W18O49 heterojunction showed high selectivity toward NOx and NH3. The results could be useful for the development of room temperature NOx and NH3 sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathankumar Manoharan
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Kamaraj Govindharaj
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - K Muthumalai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Ramanathaswamy Pandian
- Surface and Sensors Studies Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu603102, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
V G, Bera S, Amaladass EP, Kumary TG, Pandian R, Mani A. Effects of Pb assisted cation chemistry on the superconductivity of BSCCO thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:12822-12833. [PMID: 34059861 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of Bi-based superconductors, highly c-axis oriented, were deposited on single crystalline substrates of SrTiO3, LaAlO3, and MgO using a pulsed laser deposition technique with a Bi-2223 target of nominal composition Bi1.75Pb0.25Sr2Ca2Cu3O10±δ prepared by the solid state reaction method. The effect of different deposition parameters on the evolution of the requisite properties in the thin films has been studied. These films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction to investigate their structural properties, scanning electron microscopy to understand the effect of ex situ annealing on the grain growth, and DC resistivity measurements to quantify their superconducting critical temperature. Furthermore, the chemical states of the constituent elements Bi, Pb, Sr, Ca, Cu and O were confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This information has helped in deciphering the empirical stoichiometry of the films on each of the chosen substrates. We have also been able to comment on the influence made by the choice of the substrates on the mechanism of evolution of superconductivity based on the interplay of the cation chemistry between the substituent and the constituent elements. Thin films with superior superconducting properties were obtained on SrTiO3 substrates with 58% of Bi-2223 phase fraction yielding a superconducting transition temperature (TC,offset) of 107 K. Magnetotransport studies were performed on these films to quantify their superconducting upper critical field and to comprehend the pinning mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri V
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santanu Bera
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India and Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Facilities, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E P Amaladass
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Geetha Kumary
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Pandian
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Awadhesh Mani
- Condensed Matter Physics Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam-603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ilankumaran S, Deisy C, Pandian R. Quality-based pattern C2 code score-level fusion in multimodal biometric authentication system using pattern net. Soft comput 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-018-03751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Sivadasan AK, Parida S, Ghosh S, Pandian R, Dhara S. Spectroscopically forbidden infra-red emission in Au-vertical graphene hybrid nanostructures. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:465703. [PMID: 28925378 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8d90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of Au nanoparticles (NPs) is a subject for frontier plasmonic research due to its fascinating optical properties. Herein, the present study deals with plasmonic assisted emission properties of Au NPs-vertical graphene (VG) hybrid nanostructures. The influence of effective polarizability of Au NPs on the surface enhanced Raman scattering and luminescence properties is investigated. In addition, a remarkable infra-red emission in the hybrid nanostructures is observed and interpreted on the basis of intra-band transitions in Au NPs. The flake-like nanoporous VG structure is invoked for the generation of additional confined photons to impart additional momentum and a gradient of confined excitation energy towards initiating the intra-band transitions of Au NPs. Integrating Au plasmonic materials in three-dimensional VG nanostructures enhances the light-matter interactions. The present study provides a new adaptable plasmonic assisted pathway for optoelectronic and sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Sivadasan
- Nanomaterials Characterization and Sensors Section, Surface and Nanoscience Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam-603102, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rajkumar K, Pandian R, Sankarakumar A, Rajendra
Kumar RT. Engineering Silicon to Porous Silicon and Silicon Nanowires by Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching: Role of Ag Size and Electron-Scavenging Rate on Morphology Control and Mechanism. ACS Omega 2017; 2:4540-4547. [PMID: 31457746 PMCID: PMC6641903 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate controlled fabrication of porous Si (PS) and vertically aligned silicon nanowires array starting from bulk silicon wafer by simple chemical etching method, and the underlying mechanism of nanostructure formation is presented. Silicon-oxidation rate and the electron-scavenging rate from metal catalysis play a vital role in determining the morphology of Si nanostructures. The size of Ag catalyst is found to influence the Si oxidation rate. Tunable morphologies from irregular porous to regular nanowire structure could be tailored by controlling the size of Ag nanoparticles and H2O2 concentration. Ag nanoparticles of size around 30 nm resulted in irregular porous structures, whereas discontinuous Ag film yielded nanowire structures. The depth of the porous Si structures and the aspect ratio of Si nanowires depend on H2O2 concentration. For a fixed etching time, the depth of the porous structures increases on increasing the H2O2 concentration. By varying the H2O2 concentration, the surface porosity and aspect ratio of the nanowires were controlled. Controlling the Ag catalyst size critically affects the morphology of the etched Si nanostructures. H2O2 concentration decides the degree of porosity of porous silicon, dimensions and surface porosity of silicon nanowires, and etch depth. The mechanisms of the size- and H2O2-concentration-dependent dissociation of Ag and the formation of porous silicon and silicon nanowire are described in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraj Rajkumar
- Department
of Physics, Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory
(AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, and DRDO-BU-CLS, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Ramanathaswamy Pandian
- Materials
Science Group, Indira Gandhi Center for
Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603102, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendra
Kumar
- Department
of Physics, Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory
(AMDL), Department of Nanoscience and Technology, and DRDO-BU-CLS, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ranjith KS, Nivedita LR, Asokan K, Krishnamurthy S, Pandian R, Kamruddin M, Avasthi DK, Rajendra Kumar RT. Robust water repellent ZnO nanorod array by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation: Effect of Electronic Excitation Induced Local Chemical State Modification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3251. [PMID: 28607353 PMCID: PMC5468313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the surface properties by varying the chemistry and roughness could be of interest for self-cleaning applications. We demonstrate the transformation of hydrophobic ZnO Nano rod (NR) array into superhydrophobic nature by changing the local chemical state and without altering the surface roughness by swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation. The aligned ZnO NR arrays were irradiated using 150 MeV Ag ions with different fluences from 5E10 to 3E12 ions/cm2. The observed static water contact angles of ZnO NRs samples were 103° ± 3°, 152° ± 4°,161° ± 3°, 164° ± 2°, 167° ± 2°,154 ± 3° and 151° ± 2° for the pristine, ion fluencies of 1E11, 3E11, 5E11, 7E11, 1E12 and 3E12 ions cm−2, respectively. The change in local surface chemistry via formation of surface oxygen related defects due to electronic excitations induced by ion irradiation determine the water dewetting properties. It is found that surface oxygen related defects could be tuned by varying the fluence of the SHIs. Durability tests show that the SHI induced surface oxygen-deficient ZnO NRs have the stable superhydrophobic behavior for more than a year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kugalur Shanmugam Ranjith
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Lalitha Raveendran Nivedita
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India
| | - Kandasami Asokan
- Materials Science Division, Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | | | - Ramanathaswamy Pandian
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603 102, India
| | - Mohammed Kamruddin
- Surface and Nanoscience Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603 102, India
| | - Devesh Kumar Avasthi
- Materials Science Division, Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, 110 067, India.,Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India. .,Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajavel K, Gomathi R, Pandian R, Rajendra Kumar RT. In situ attachment and its hydrophobicity of size- and shape-controlled silver nanoparticles on fabric surface for bioapplication. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2017.1284111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Rajavel
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Rajkumar Gomathi
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Minitha CR, Pandian R, Amirthapandian S, Rajendra Kumar RT. Unexpected production of singlet oxygen by sub-micron cerium oxide particles and enhanced photocatalytic activity against methyl orange. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05208d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) by hydrothermally grown cerium oxide (CeO2) particles has been studied. Unexpected production of singlet oxygen is reported..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Minitha
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL)
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore – 641 046
- India
| | - R. Pandian
- Materials Physics Division
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam
- India
| | - S. Amirthapandian
- Materials Physics Division
- Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research
- Kalpakkam
- India
| | - R. T. Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory (AMDL)
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore – 641 046
- India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Begum SNS, Pandian R, Aswal VK, Ramasamy RP. Chitosan-gold-Lithium nanocomposites as solid polymer electrolyte. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2014; 14:5761-5773. [PMID: 25936000 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2014.8994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium micro batteries are emerging field of research. For environmental safety biodegradable films are preferred. Recently biodegradable polymers have gained wide application in the field of solid polymer electrolytes. To make biodegradable polymers films plasticizers are usually used. However, use of plasticizers has disadvantages such as inhomogenities in phases and mechanical instability that will affect the performance of Lithium micro batteries. We have in this research used gold nanoparticles that are environmentally friendly, instead of plasticizers. Gold nanoparticles were directly template upon chitosan membranes by reduction process so as to enhance the interactions of Lithium with the polymer. In this article, for the first time the characteristics of Chitosan-gold-Lithium nanocomposite films are investigated. The films were prepared using simple solution casting technique. We have used various characterization tools such as Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, and AFM, Light scattering, Dielectric and electrical conductivity measurements. Our investigations show that incorporation of gold results in enhancement of conductivity in Lithium containing Chitosan films. Also it affects the dielectric characteristics of the films. We conclude through various characterization tools that the enhancement in the conductivity was due to the retardation of crystal growth of lithium salt in the presence of gold nanoparticles. A model is proposed regarding the formation of the new nanocomposite. The conductivity of these biodegradable films is comparable to those of the current inorganic Lithium micro batteries. This new chitosan-Au-Li nanocomposite has potential applications in the field of Lithium micro batteries.
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Cole P, Pandian R, Bolos J, Castañer R. Otamixaban. DRUG FUTURE 2010. [DOI: 10.1358/dof.2010.035.09.1522234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
Vaziri ND, Bai Y, Ni Z, Quiroz Y, Pandian R, Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Intra-renal angiotensin II/AT1 receptor, oxidative stress, inflammation, and progressive injury in renal mass reduction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323:85-93. [PMID: 17636006 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.123638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant reduction of renal mass triggers a chain of events that result in glomerular hypertension/hyperfiltration, proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and end-stage renal disease. These events are mediated by a constellation of hemodynamic, oxidative, and inflammatory reactions that are, in part, driven by local AT1 receptor (AT1r) activation by angiotensin II (Ang II). Here we explored the effects of 5/6 nephrectomy with and without AT1r blockade (losartan for 8 weeks) on AT1r and AT2r and Ang II-positive cell count, pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation [NAD(P)H oxidase, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), 12-lipooxygenase, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, renal T cell, and macrophage infiltration] as well as renal function and structure. The untreated group exhibited hypertension, deterioration of renal function and structure, reduced or unchanged plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, marked up-regulations of AT1r (250%), Ang II-expressing cell count (>20-fold), NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (gp91(phox,) p22(phox), and P47(phox); 20-40%), COX-2 (250%), 12-lipooxygenase (100%), MCP-1 (400%), and PAI-1 (>20-fold), activation of NFkappaB, and interstitial infiltrations of T cells and macrophages in the remnant kidneys. AT1r blockade attenuated the biochemical and histological abnormalities, prevented hypertension, and decelerated deterioration of renal function and structure. Thus, the study demonstrated a link between up-regulation of Ang II/AT1r system and oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension, and progression of renal disease in rats with renal mass reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Allen R, Stanczyk F, Chung K, Pandian R, Paulson R. P-904. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
17
|
Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RIS, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JGR, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ESI, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blöcker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I. DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature 2004; 429:369-74. [PMID: 15164053 PMCID: PMC2734081 DOI: 10.1038/nature02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 9 is highly structurally polymorphic. It contains the largest autosomal block of heterochromatin, which is heteromorphic in 6-8% of humans, whereas pericentric inversions occur in more than 1% of the population. The finished euchromatic sequence of chromosome 9 comprises 109,044,351 base pairs and represents >99.6% of the region. Analysis of the sequence reveals many intra- and interchromosomal duplications, including segmental duplications adjacent to both the centromere and the large heterochromatic block. We have annotated 1,149 genes, including genes implicated in male-to-female sex reversal, cancer and neurodegenerative disease, and 426 pseudogenes. The chromosome contains the largest interferon gene cluster in the human genome. There is also a region of exceptionally high gene and G + C content including genes paralogous to those in the major histocompatibility complex. We have also detected recently duplicated genes that exhibit different rates of sequence divergence, presumably reflecting natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Humphray
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Goldberg SI, Baba N, Green RL, Pandian R, Stowers J, Dunlap RB. Micelle-enzyme analogy: stereochemical and substrate selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00489a045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
19
|
Siberry G, Brahmadathan KN, Pandian R, Lalitha MK, Steinhoff MC, John TJ. Comparison of different culture media and storage temperatures for the long-term preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the tropics. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79:43-7. [PMID: 11217666 PMCID: PMC2566344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The preservation of Streptococcus pneumoniae by standard freezing methods for subsequent tests--such as serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility--is not possible or is difficult in many developing countries because of the high cost of equipment, inadequate equipment maintenance, and irregular power supply. We evaluated alternative low-cost methods, by comparing different culture media and storage temperatures. METHODS Clinical isolates of five capsular types (1, 5, 7, 19, and 23) of S. pneumoniae were preserved in rabbit blood, sheep blood, skimmed milk, or glycerol-chocolate broth, and stored at -20 degrees C or -70 degrees C. The cultures were also preserved by lyophilization or sand desiccation, followed by storage at room temperature and 4 degrees C. The viability of the preserved cultures was determined by making serial colony counts on day 0 and after 1 week, 4 weeks, 4 months and 16 months. The viability of cultures preserved by sand desiccation and storage at 4 degrees C was also determined every 6 months for up to 68 months. FINDINGS Irrespective of the media used, cultures maintained at -20 degrees C became nonviable by the fourth month, while those maintained at -70 degrees C were still viable at 16 months. Cultures preserved by lyophilization or sand desiccation lost their viability by the fourth month when maintained at local room temperature (30-42 degrees C), but remained viable when stored at 4 degrees C for up to 68 months. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that freezing at -70 degrees C, or lyophilization and storage at 4 degrees C are the ideal methods for the preservation of S. pneumoniae. In laboratories where lyophilization is not feasible, sand desiccation and storage at 4 degrees C offers an alternative low-cost method for the long-term preservation of S. pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Siberry
- Department of Paediatrics, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jesudasan MV, Anandaraj S, Pandian R, Mukundan U. Bacteremia due to beta haemolytic streptococci. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1999; 42:417-9. [PMID: 11127371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Beta haemloytic streptococci (BHS) are well recognised human pathogens causing a variety of infections, including septicemia. It is important to ensure their isolation from clinical specimens by using optimum media. Moreover, since the different groups have different pathogenic potential, it is equally important to routinely serogroup them; this is emphasized here. Since, BHS are uniformly will greatly decrease morbidity and mortality due to BHS infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Jesudasan
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore 632 004
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solomon S, Kumarasamy N, Martin SP, Pandian R, Sathiamoorthy K, Thyagarajan SP. Analysis of risk factors and evaluation of HIV testing in saliva and blood samples. J Infect 1997; 34:85-6. [PMID: 9120334 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(97)80018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
22
|
Pulimood TB, Lalitha MK, Jesudason MV, Pandian R, Selwyn J, John TJ. The spectrum of antimicrobial resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care centre in India. Indian J Med Res 1996; 103:212-5. [PMID: 8935741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen globally, including India. Staph. aureus strains isolated from pus or blood of patients during January 1993 to November 1994 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Among 1382 isolates of Staph. aureus, 332 (24%) were MRSA. Among the latter, 97 per cent were resistant to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole; 85.5 per cent to gentamicin and 45 per cent to amikacin. While over 90 per cent were resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, only 53 per cent were resistant to ofloxacin. Fifty seven per cent were susceptible to rifampicin and 87 per cent to netilmicin. All tested strains were susceptible to vancomycin. Therefore, when antimicrobials other than vancomycin are considered for therapy, their choice requires the results of in vitro susceptibility testing of every isolate of MRSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T B Pulimood
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Infection Control Services, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brahmadathan KN, Pandian R, Koshi G. Long-term preservation of streptococci. Indian J Med Res 1995; 101:64-5. [PMID: 7729851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of 12 T types of group A streptococci preserved by sand desiccation and stored at 4 degrees to 10 degrees C were regularly sub-cultured to check their viability. For this, streptococci coated onto sand particles mixed with sterile sheep blood were inoculated into Todd-Hewitt broth with added blood and incubated for 24 to 48 h. Checking for viability every six months showed that group A streptococci could be preserved by this method for 21 yr. Our study shows that sand desiccation is a convenient and cheap method for the long-term preservation of streptococci in laboratories where other methods of preservation are not feasible on a regular basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K N Brahmadathan
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jesudason MV, Pandian R, Mukundan U, John TJ. False resistance of salmonellae to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in disc diffusion method. Indian J Med Res 1991; 93:356-8. [PMID: 1797643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apparent resistance to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) in disc diffusion method was found in 14 strains of Salmonella typhi and 2 strains of S. paratyphi A grown on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) of one manufacturer. On MHA from another manufacturer and on diagnostic sensitivity test agar (DSTA), these 16 strains were sensitive to TMP-SMZ. The minimum inhibitory concentration of trimethoprim (TMP) assayed by agar dilution method, on DSTA medium for these 16 strains was in the range of 0.01 to 0.04 micrograms/ml. Thus, the apparent resistance was a spurious result due to the unsatisfactory quality of the batch of MHA of the first manufacturer. Presumably the medium contained thymine or its derivatives which act as antagonists to TMP and sulphonamide drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Jesudason
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lalitha MK, Pandian R, Nair U, Krishnaswami S. Infective endocarditis with Haemophilus aphrophilus. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 1991; 34:64-6. [PMID: 1794912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M K Lalitha
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Koshi G, Brahmadathan KN, Pandian R, Joseph A. Modified filter paper strip technique for transportation & rapid isolation of streptococci from throat swabs. Indian J Med Res 1988; 88:336-8. [PMID: 3066752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
27
|
Brahmadathan KN, Pandian R, Joseph A, Koshi G. Use of plastic kits for rapid recovery of streptococci in epidemiological studies. Indian J Med Res 1986; 84:331-3. [PMID: 3546107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
28
|
Thangavelu CP, Sridharan G, Pandian R, Koshi G. Evaluation of a selective blood agar medium for recovery of haemolytic streptococci from throat cultures. Indian J Med Res 1984; 79:46-9. [PMID: 6724652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
|
29
|
John TJ, Pandian R, Gadomski A, Steinhoff M, John M, Ray M. Control of poliomyelitis by pulse immunisation in Vellore, India. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983; 286:31-2. [PMID: 6401451 PMCID: PMC1546705 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.286.6358.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In a simple study into the control of polio in the Third World a town was divided into 16 zones and pulses or oral polio vaccine given at one station in each zone, after extensive publicity about the campaign. Some 62% of children received three doses of the vaccine and the incidence of polio fell dramatically over the study period. It is suggested that this method is applicable to similar communities because it is cheap, effective, and able to be extended to unimmunised communities when resources allow.
Collapse
|
30
|
Koshi G, Pandian R, Thangavelu CP. Advantages of co-agglutination over capillary precipitation technique for grouping streptococci. Indian J Med Res 1980; 72:334-40. [PMID: 7461762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
|
31
|
Koshi G, Brahmadathan KN, Thangavelu CP, Pandian R. Evaluation of different methods for the transport of swabs for streptococci. Indian J Med Res 1979; 69:26-31. [PMID: 429031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|