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Gao S, Li H, Liu L, Tian Y, Wang R, Pan X, Wen F, Xiang J, Nie A, Zhai K, Wang B, Mu C, Xue T, Liu Z. Ultrasensitive CCL2 Detection in Urine for Diabetic Nephropathy Diagnosis Using a WS 2-Based Plasmonic Biosensor. Nano Lett 2024; 24:5301-5307. [PMID: 38625005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy relies on achieving ultrasensitive biosensing for biomarker detection. However, existing biosensors face challenges such as poor sensitivity, complexity, time-consuming procedures, and high assay costs. To address these limitations, we report a WS2-based plasmonic biosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of biomarker candidates in clinical human urine samples associated with diabetic nephropathy. Leveraging plasmonic-based electrochemical impedance microscopy (P-EIM) imaging, we observed a remarkable charge sensitivity in monolayer WS2 single crystals. Our biosensor exhibits an exceptionally low detection limit (0.201 ag/mL) and remarkable selectivity in detecting CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) protein biomarkers, outperforming conventional techniques such as ELISA. This work represents a breakthrough in traditional protein sensors, providing a direction and materials foundation for developing ultrasensitive sensors tailored to clinical applications for biomarker sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Huili Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yiming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Xuanlin Pan
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fusheng Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jianyong Xiang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kun Zhai
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bochong Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Congpu Mu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Kumari S, Kumar S, Pratap S, Kubakaddi SS. Ab-initio transport model to study the thermoelectric performance of MoS2, MoSe2, and WS2 monolayers by using Boltzmann Transport Equation. J Phys Condens Matter 2024. [PMID: 38653314 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The potential for thermoelectric applications of two-dimensional (2D) materials is quite promising. Using ab-initio calculations, we have investigated the electronic band structure, phonon band structure, electronic density of states (DOS), and phonon density of state (PDOS) of monolayers MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WS 2 . In order to compute the thermoelectric properties of monolayers MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WS 2 , we used the ab-initio model suggested by Faghaninia et al. "Phys. Rev. B 91, 235123 (2015)". Within this model, by using inputs from density functional theory (DFT) and considering all relevant elastic and inelastic scattering mechanisms, we have calculated
the thermoelectric properties of monolayers MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WS 2 over various ranges of temperature (T) and carrier concentration (n). The obtained results of Seebeck coefficients (S) and Figure of merit (ZT) at T = 300 K for both n/p-types of monolayers MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , and WS 2 are in good agreement with the findings obtained by other models using the BTE within a constant relaxation time framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Physics Department, Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, INDIA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Physics & Astronomical sceicnes, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Shahpur, Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, INDIA
| | - Surender Pratap
- Physics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Department of Physics, CUHP, Dharamshala, Dharamsala, Himachal Pradesh, 176215, INDIA
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Liu Y, Gao S, Liu L, Wang J, Wang D, Xiang J, Nie A, Zhai K, Mu C, Wen F, Wang B, Xue T, Liu Z. Plasmonic Imaging of Single DNA with Charge Sensitive Monolayer WS 2. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 38626725 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Imaging the surface charge of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA, is crucial for comprehending their structure and function. Unfortunately, current methods for label-free, sensitive, and rapid imaging of the surface charge of single DNA molecules are limited. Here, we propose a plasmonic microscopy strategy that utilizes charge-sensitive single-crystal monolayer WS2 materials to image the local charge density of a single λ-DNA molecule. Our study reveals that WS2 is a highly sensitive charge-sensitive material that can accurately measure the local charge density of λ-DNA with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. The consistency of the surface charge density values obtained from the single-crystal monolayer WS2 materials with theoretical simulations demonstrates the reliability of our approach. Our findings suggest that this class of materials has significant implications for the development of label-free, scanning-free, and rapid optical detection and charge imaging of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Shuangshuang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Devices, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ji Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | | | - Jianyong Xiang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Kun Zhai
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Congpu Mu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Fusheng Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bochong Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Tianyu Xue
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science, State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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Zhao Y, Feng Z, Tan Y, Deng Q, Yao L. Hybrid-Mechanism Synergistic Flexible Nb 2O 5@WS 2@C Carbon Nanofiber Anode for Superior Sodium Storage. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:631. [PMID: 38607165 PMCID: PMC11013061 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have demonstrated remarkable development potential and commercial prospects. However, in the current state of research, the development of high-energy-density, long-cycle-life, high-rate-performance anode materials for SIBs remains a huge challenge. Free-standing flexible electrodes, owing to their ability to achieve higher energy density without the need for current collectors, binders, and conductive additives, have garnered significant attention across various fields. In this work, we designed and fabricated a free-standing three-dimensional flexible Nb2O5@WS2@C carbon nanofiber (CNF) anode based on a hybrid adsorption-intercalation-conversion mechanism of sodium storage, using electrospinning and hydrothermal synthesis processes. The hybrid structure, aided by synergistic effects, releases the advantages of all materials, demonstrating a superior rate performance (288, 248, 211, 158, 90, and 48 mA h g-1 at the current density of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 A g-1, respectively) and good cycling stability (160 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles at 1 A g-1). This work provides certain guiding significance for future research on hybrid and flexible anodes of SIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.F.); (Y.T.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Ziwen Feng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.F.); (Y.T.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Yipeng Tan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.F.); (Y.T.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Qinglin Deng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.F.); (Y.T.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Lingmin Yao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.F.); (Y.T.)
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research & Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510555, China
- Joint Institute of Guangzhou University & Institute of Corrosion Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Wang P, Tang C, Song H, Zhang L, Lu Y, Huang F. 1D/2D Heterostructured WS 2@PANI Composite for Highly Sensitive, Flexible, and Room Temperature Ammonia Gas Sensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:14082-14092. [PMID: 38442361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Flexible and room-temperature (RT) ammonia gas sensors are needed for exhaled breath detection and recognition. Two-dimensional transition metal disulfides are potential materials for RT gas sensing because of their low band gap and a large number of edge-exposed sites that can provide strong binding to gas molecules. In this work, a 1D/2D heterostructured composite material of 2D tungsten disulfide (WS2) modified with 1D polyaniline (PANI) was proposed. The fibrous PANI adsorbed on the edges and inserted in the interlayers of the laminated WS2 provide more diffusion channels for the ammonia gas and act as sensing sites. The WS2@PANI-based sensor shows high selectivity for ammonia with satisfying reproducibility and long-term stability. A response of 216.3% and a short response/recovery time of 25 s/39 s were achieved for 100 ppm ammonia gas. The sensing mechanism was investigated in detail via complex impedance spectra and in situ FT-IR, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of WS2 and PANI. The excellent sensing performance coupled with its resistance to thermal and humidity interference endows the WS2@PANI-based sensor with potential for human exhaled detection and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Chengli Tang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Haijun Song
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Libing Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Yebo Lu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Fengli Huang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
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De-Eknamkul C, Huang W, Zhang X, Ren Y, Cubukcu E. Transport and Spatial Separation of Valley Coherence via Few Layer WS 2 Exciton-Polaritons. ACS Photonics 2024; 11:1078-1084. [PMID: 38576862 PMCID: PMC10993736 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The optical response in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) is dominated by excitons. The lack of spatial inversion symmetry in the hexagonal lattice within each TMDC layer leads to valley-dependent excitonic emission of photoluminescence. Here, we demonstrate experimentally the spatial separation of valley coherent emission into orthogonal directions through self-resonant exciton polaritons of a free-standing three-layer (3L) WS2 waveguide. This was achieved by patterning a photonic crystal consisting of a square array of holes allowing for the far field probing of valley coherence of engendered exciton-polaritons. Furthermore, we report detailed experimental modal characterization of this coupled system in good agreement with theory. Momentum space measurements reveal a degree of valley coherence in the range 30-60%. This work provides a platform for manipulation of valley excitons in coherent light-matter states for potential implementations of valley-coherent optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yundong Ren
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, United State
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Cao Z, Zhao Y, Wu G, Cho J, Abid M, Choi M, Ó Coileáin C, Hung KM, Chang CR, Wu HC. Enhanced NO 2 Sensitivity of Vertically Stacked van der Waals Heterostructure Gas Sensor and Its Remarkable Electric and Mechanical Tunability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:9495-9505. [PMID: 38334441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanodevices based on van der Waals heterostructures have been predicted, and shown, to have unprecedented operational principles and functionalities that hold promise for highly sensitive and selective gas sensors with rapid response times and minimal power consumption. In this study, we fabricated gas sensors based on vertical MoS2/WS2 van der Waals heterostructures and investigated their gas sensing capabilities. Compared with individual MoS2 or WS2 gas sensors, the MoS2/WS2 van der Waals heterostructure gas sensors are shown to have enhanced sensitivity, faster response times, rapid recovery, and a notable selectivity, especially toward NO2. In combination with a theoretical model, we show that it is important to take into account created trapped states (flat bands) induced by the adsorption of gas molecules, which capture charges and alter the inherent built-in potential of van der Waals heterostructure gas sensors. Additionally, we note that the performance of these MoS2/WS2 heterostructure gas sensors could be further enhanced using electrical gating and mechanical strain. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the effects of altered built-in potentials arising from gas molecule adsorption induced flat bands, thus offering a way to enhance the gas sensing performance of van der Waals heterostructure gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Cao
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiung Cho
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03579, Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Abid
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Miri Choi
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cormac Ó Coileáin
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg 85577, Germany
| | - Kuan-Ming Hung
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Ray Chang
- Quantum information center, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Chun Wu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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Zhang Z, Tang W, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Fu M, Huang F, Li X, Zhang C, Wu Z, Wu Y, Kang J. Manipulations of Electronic and Spin States in Co-Quantum Dot/WS 2 Heterostructure on a Metal-Dielectric Composite Substrate by Controlling Interfacial Carriers. Nano Lett 2024; 24:1415-1422. [PMID: 38232178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Charge and spin are two intrinsic attributes of carriers governing almost all of the physical processes and operation principles in materials. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation of electronic and spin states in designed Co-quantum dot/WS2 (Co-QDs/WS2) heterostructures by employing a metal-dielectric composite substrate and via scanning tunneling microscope. By repeatedly scanning under a unipolar bias, switching the bias polarity, or applying a pulse through nonmagnetic or magnetic tips, the Co-QDs morphologies exhibit a regular and reproducible transformation between bright and dark dots. First-principles calculations reveal that these tunable characters are attributed to the variation of density of states and the transition of magnetic anisotropy energy induced by carrier accumulation. It also suggests that the metal-dielectric composite substrate is successful in creating the interfacial potential for carrier accumulation and realizes the electrically controllable modulations. These results will promote the exploration of electron-matter interactions in quantum systems and provide an innovative way to facilitate the development of spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongnan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Tang
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Fu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmiao Zhang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wu
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Kang
- Department of Physics, Engineering Research Centre for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and Devices at Education Ministry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials and Applications, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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Kim DH, Shin DH, Lee H. Self-powered semitransparent WS 2/LaVO 3vertical-heterostructure photodetectors by employing interfacial hexagonal boron nitride. Nanotechnology 2024; 35:155202. [PMID: 38154129 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad1945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor and LaVO3materials with high absorption coefficients in the visible light region are attractive structures for high-performance photodetector (PD) applications. Insulating 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) with a large band gap and excellent transmittance is a very attractive material as an interface between 2D/semiconductor heterostructures. We first introduce WS2/h-BN/LaVO3semitransparent PD. The photo-current/dark current ratio of the device exhibits a delta-function characteristic of 4 × 105at 0 V, meaning 'self-powered'. The WS2/h-BN/LaVO3PD shows up to 0.27 A W-1responsivity (R) and 4.6 × 1010cm Hz1/2W-1detectivity (D*) at 730 nm. Especially, it was confirmed that theD* performance improved by about 5 times compared to the WS2/LaVO3device at zero bias. Additionally, it is suggested that the PD maintains 87% of its initialRfor 2000 h under the atmosphere with a temperature of 25 °C and humidity of 30%. Based on the above results, we suggest that the WS2/h-BN/LaVO3heterojunction is promising as a self-powered optoelectronic device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Education Institute for Frontier, Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Shin
- Department of Smart Sensors Engineering, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongbuk, 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosun Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Education Institute for Frontier, Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Nam J, Lee GY, Lee DY, Sung D, Hong S, Jang AR, Kim KS. Tailored Synthesis of Heterogenous 2D TMDs and Their Spectroscopic Characterization. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2024; 14:248. [PMID: 38334519 PMCID: PMC10856291 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) show great potential across various applications. However, synthesizing large-scale structures poses challenges owing to the intricate growth parameters, forming unexpected hybrid film structures. Thus, precision in synthesis and thorough structural analysis are essential aspects. In this study, we successfully synthesized large-scale structured 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) via chemical vapor deposition using metal oxide (WO3 and MoO3) thin films and a diluted H2S precursor, individual MoS2, WS2 films and various MoS2/WS2 hybrid films (Type I: MoxW1-xS2 alloy; Type II: MoS2/WS2 vdWH; Type III: MoS2 dots/WS2). Structural analyses, including optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and cross-sectional imaging revealed that the A1g and E2g modes of WS2 and MoS2 were sensitive to structural variations, enabling hybrid structure differentiation. Type II showed minimal changes in the MoS2's A1g mode, while Types I and III exhibited a ~2.8 cm-1 blue shift. Furthermore, the A1g mode of WS2 in Type I displayed a 1.4 cm-1 red shift. These variations agreed with the TEM-observed microstructural features, demonstrating strain effects on the MoS2-WS2 interfaces. Our study provides insights into the structural features of diverse hybrid TMD materials, facilitating their differentiation through Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungtae Nam
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Gil Yong Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Dongchul Sung
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - Suklyun Hong
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
| | - A-Rang Jang
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Soo Kim
- Department of Physics and Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; (J.N.); (G.Y.L.); (D.Y.L.); (S.H.)
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11
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Jin W, Yang T, Jia J, Jia J, Zhou X. Enhanced Sensitivity of A549 Cells to Doxorubicin with WS 2 and WSe 2 Nanosheets via the Induction of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1164. [PMID: 38256235 PMCID: PMC10816038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The excellent physicochemical properties of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) such as WS2 and WSe2 provide potential benefits for biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and bioimaging. WS2 and WSe2 have recently been used as chemosensitizers; however, the detailed molecular basis underlying WS2- and WSe2-induced sensitization remains elusive. Our recent findings showed that 2D TMDCs with different thicknesses and different element compositions induced autophagy in normal human bronchial epithelial cells and mouse alveolar macrophages at sublethal concentrations. Here, we explored the mechanism by which WS2 and WSe2 act as sensitizers to increase lung cancer cell susceptibility to chemotherapeutic agents. The results showed that WS2 and WSe2 enhanced autophagy flux in A549 lung cancer cells at sublethal concentrations without causing significant cell death. Through the autophagy-specific RT2 Profiler PCR Array, we identified the genes significantly affected by WS2 and WSe2 treatment. Furthermore, the key genes that play central roles in regulating autophagy were identified by constructing a molecular interaction network. A mechanism investigation uncovered that WS2 and WSe2 activated autophagy-related signaling pathways by interacting with different cell surface proteins or cytoplasmic proteins. By utilizing this mechanism, the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin was enhanced by WS2 and WSe2 pre-treatment in A549 lung cancer cells. This study revealed a feature of WS2 and WSe2 in cancer therapy, in which they eliminate the resistance of A549 lung cancer cells against doxorubicin, at least partially, by inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jin
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Jimei Jia
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
| | - Jianbo Jia
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua 061100, China; (W.J.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism, Baoding 071000, China
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12
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Tran TT, Lee Y, Roy S, Tran TU, Kim Y, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Milošević MV, Lim SC, Chaves A, Jang JI, Kim J. Synergetic Enhancement of Quantum Yield and Exciton Lifetime of Monolayer WS 2 by Proximal Metal Plate and Negative Electric Bias. ACS Nano 2024; 18:220-228. [PMID: 38127273 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of light emission is a critical performance factor for monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) for photonic applications. While various methods have been studied to compensate for lattice defects to improve the quantum yield (QY) of 1L-TMDs, exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) is still a major nonradiative decay channel for excitons at high exciton densities. Here, we demonstrate that the combined use of a proximal Au plate and a negative electric gate bias (NEGB) for 1L-WS2 provides a dramatic enhancement of the exciton lifetime at high exciton densities with the corresponding QY enhanced by 30 times and the EEA rate constant decreased by 80 times. The suppression of EEA by NEGB is attributed to the reduction of the defect-assisted EEA process, which we also explain with our theoretical model. Our results provide a synergetic solution to cope with EEA to realize high-intensity 2D light emitters using TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Thu Tran
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shrawan Roy
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Uyen Tran
- Department of Smart Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Milorad V Milošević
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Seong Chu Lim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrey Chaves
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, C.P. 6030, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Joon I Jang
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyong Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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13
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Yu X, Li Y, Fang T, Gao J, Ma Y. Interfacial and Electronic Modulation of W Bridging Heterostructure Between WS 2 and Cobalt-Based Compounds for Efficient Overall Water Splitting. Small 2024; 20:e2304512. [PMID: 37653588 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of high performance electrocatalysts for effective hydrogen production is urgently needed. Herein, three hybrid catalysts formed by WS2 and Co-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives are constructed, in which the small amount of W in the MOFs derivatives acts as a bridge to provide the charge transfer channel and enhance the stability. In addition, the effects of the surface charge distribution on the catalytic performance are fully investigated. Due to the optimal interfacial electron coupling and rearrangement as well as its unique porous morphology, WS2 @W-CoPx exhibits superior bifunctional performance in alkaline media with low overpotentials in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (62 mV at 10 mA cm-2 ) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (278 mV at 100 mA cm-2 ). For overall water splitting (OWS), WS2 @W-CoPx only requires a cell voltage of 1.78 V at 50 mA cm-2 and maintains good stability within 72 h. Density functional theory calculations verify that the combination of W-CoPx with WS2 can effectively enhance the activity of OER and HER with weakened OH (or O) adsorption and enhanced H atom adsorption. This work provides a feasible idea for the design and practical application of WS2 or phosphide-based catalysts in OWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, MOE Key laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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14
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Zhang Q, Hou L, Shautsova V, Warner JH. Ultrathin All-2D Lateral Diodes Using Top and Bottom Contacted Laterally Spaced Graphene Electrodes to WS 2 Semiconductor Monolayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:18012-18021. [PMID: 36977206 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ultrathin nature of two-dimensional (2D) materials opens up opportunities for creating devices that are substantially thinner than using traditional bulk materials. In this article, monolayer 2D materials grown by the chemical vapor deposition method are used to fabricate ultrathin all-2D lateral diodes. We show that placing graphene electrodes below and above the WS2 monolayer, instead of the same side, results in a lateral device with two different Schottky barrier heights. Due to the natural dielectric environment, the bottom graphene layer is wedged between the WS2 and the SiO2 substrate, which has a different doping level than the top graphene layer that is in contact with WS2 and air. The lateral separation of these two graphene electrodes results in a lateral metal-semiconductor-metal junction with two asymmetric barriers but yet retains its ultrathin form of two-layer thickness. The rectification and diode behavior can be exploited in transistors, photodiodes, and light-emitting devices. We show that the device exhibits a rectification ratio up to 90 under a laser power of 1.37 μW at a bias voltage of ±3 V. We demonstrate that both the back-gate voltage and laser illumination can tune the rectification behavior of the device. Furthermore, the device can generate strong red electroluminescence in the WS2 area across the two graphene electrodes under an average flowing current of 2.16 × 10-5 A. This work contributes to the current understanding of the 2D metal-semiconductor heterojunction and offers an idea to obtain all-2D Schottky diodes by retaining the ultrathin device concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyang Zhang
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Linlin Hou
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Viktoryia Shautsova
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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15
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Ko TS, Lin ET, Ho YT, Deng CA. The Role of GaN in the Heterostructure WS 2/GaN for SERS Applications. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3054. [PMID: 37109889 PMCID: PMC10143599 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the application of WS2 as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, enhancing the charge transfer (CT) opportunity between WS2 and analyte is an important issue for SERS efficiency. In this study, we deposited few-layer WS2 (2-3 layers) on GaN and sapphire substrates with different bandgap characteristics to form heterojunctions using a chemical vapor deposition. Compared with sapphire, we found that using GaN as a substrate for WS2 can effectively enhance the SERS signal, with an enhancement factor of 6.45 × 104 and a limit of detection of 5 × 10-6 M for probe molecule Rhodamine 6G according to SERS measurement. Analysis of Raman, Raman mapping, atomic force microscopy, and SERS mechanism revealed that The SERS efficiency increased despite the lower quality of the WS2 films on GaN compared to those on sapphire, as a result of the increased number of transition pathways present in the interface between WS2 and GaN. These carrier transition pathways could increase the opportunity for CT, thus enhancing the SERS signal. The WS2/GaN heterostructure proposed in this study can serve as a reference for enhancing SERS efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Shine Ko
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua 50074, Taiwan; (E.-T.L.); (C.-A.D.)
| | - En-Ting Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua 50074, Taiwan; (E.-T.L.); (C.-A.D.)
| | - Yen-Teng Ho
- International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-An Deng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua 50074, Taiwan; (E.-T.L.); (C.-A.D.)
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16
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Chiu SK, Li MC, Ci JW, Hung YC, Tsai DS, Chen CH, Lin LH, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Aoki N, Hsieh YP, Chuang C. Enhancing optical characteristics of mediator-assisted wafer-scale MoS 2and WS 2on h-BN. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:255703. [PMID: 36944230 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acc5f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and their heterostructures exhibit intriguing optoelectronic properties; thus, they are good platforms for exploring fundamental research and further facilitating real device applications. The key is to preserve the high quality and intrinsic properties of 2D materials and their heterojunction interface even in production scale during the transfer and assembly process so as to apply in semiconductor manufacturing field. In this study, we successfully adopted a wet transfer existing method to separate mediator-assisted wafer-scale from SiO2/Si growing wafer for the first time with intermediate annealing to fabricate wafer-scale MoS2/h-BN and WS2/h-BN heterostructures on a SiO2/Si wafer. Interestingly, the high-quality wafer-scale 2D material heterostructure optical properties were enhanced and confirmed by Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Our approach can be applied to other 2D materials and expedite mass production for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Kuei Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Wei Ci
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chih Hung
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Han Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hung Lin
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Aoki
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chiashain Chuang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Research Center for Semiconductor Materials and Advanced Optics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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17
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Gultom P, Chiang JY, Huang TT, Lee JC, Su SH, Huang JCA. Structural and Optical Properties of Tungsten Disulfide Nanoscale Films Grown by Sulfurization from W and WO 3. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1276. [PMID: 37049369 PMCID: PMC10096497 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) was prepared from W metal and WO3 by ion beam sputtering and sulfurization in a different number of layers, including monolayer, bilayer, six-layer, and nine-layer. To obtain better crystallinity, the nine-layer of WS2 was also prepared from W metal and sulfurized in a furnace at different temperatures (800, 850, 900, and 950 °C). X-ray diffraction revealed that WS2 has a 2-H crystal structure and the crystallinity improved with increasing sulfurization temperature, while the crystallinity of WS2 sulfurized from WO3 (WS2-WO3) is better than that sulfurized from W-metal (WS2-W). Raman spectra show that the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of WS2-WO3 is narrower than that of WS2-W. We demonstrate that high-quality monocrystalline WS2 thin films can be prepared at wafer scale by sulfurization of WO3. The photoluminescence of the WS2 monolayer is strongly enhanced and centered at 1.98 eV. The transmittance of the WS2 monolayer exceeds 80%, and the measured band gap is 1.9 eV, as shown by ultraviolet-visible-infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangihutan Gultom
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.G.); (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.H.); (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jiang-Yan Chiang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.G.); (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.H.); (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Tzu-Tai Huang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.G.); (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.H.); (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jung-Chuan Lee
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.G.); (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.H.); (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Shu-Hsuan Su
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.G.); (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.H.); (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Jung-Chung Andrew Huang
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (P.G.); (J.-Y.C.); (T.-T.H.); (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.S.)
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
- Taiwan Consortium of Emergent Crystalline Materials, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei 10601, Taiwan
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18
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Liu Y, Li J, Liu B, Chen Y, Wu Y, Hu X, Zhong G, Yuan J, Chen J, Zhan H, Wen Z. Confined WS 2 Nanosheets Tubular Nanohybrid as High-Kinetic and Durable Anode for Sodium-Based Dual Ion Batteries. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202201200. [PMID: 35916231 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium based dual-ion battery (SDIB) has been regarded as one of the promising batteries technologies thanks to its high working voltage and natural abundance of sodium source, its practical application yet faces critical issues of low capacity and sluggish kinetics of intercalation-type graphite anode. Here, a tubular nanohybrid composed of building blocks of carbon-film wrapped WS2 nanosheets on carbon nanotube (WS2 /C@CNTs) was reported. The expanded (002) interlayer and dual-carbon confined structure endowed WS2 nanosheets with fast charge transportation and excellent structural stability, and thus WS2 /C@CNTs showed highly attractive electrochemical properties for Na+ storage with high reversible capacity, fast kinetic, and robust durability. The full sodium-based dual ion batteries by coupling WS2 /C@CNTs anode with graphite cathode full cell presented a high reversible capacity (210 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 ), and excellent rate performance with a high capacity of 137 mAh g-1 at 5.0 A g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- YangJie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Beibei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, 2965 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200245, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Power-sources Technology, Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources, 2965 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200245, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Guobao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Techniques toward Hydrogen Energy, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China
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19
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Yang W, Mu Y, Chen X, Jin N, Song J, Chen J, Dong L, Liu C, Xuan W, Zhou C, Cong C, Shang J, He S, Wang G, Li J. CVD growth of large-area monolayer WS 2 film on sapphire through tuning substrate environment and its application for high-sensitive strain sensor. Nanoscale Res Lett 2023; 18:13. [PMID: 36795193 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Large-area, continuous monolayer WS2 exhibits great potential for future micro-nanodevice applications due to its special electrical properties and mechanical flexibility. In this work, the front opening quartz boat is used to increase the amount of sulfur (S) vapor under the sapphire substrate, which is critical for achieving large-area films during the chemical vapor deposition processes. COMSOL simulations reveal that the front opening quartz boat will significantly introduce gas distribute under the sapphire substrate. Moreover, the gas velocity and height of substrate away from the tube bottom will also affect the substrate temperature. By carefully optimizing the gas velocity, temperature, and height of substrate away from the tube bottom, a large-scale continues monolayered WS2 film was achieved. Field-effect transistor based on the as-grown monolayer WS2 showed a mobility of 3.76 cm2V-1 s-1 and ON/OFF ratio of 106. In addition, a flexible WS2/PEN strain sensor with a gauge factor of 306 was fabricated, showing great potential for applications in wearable biosensors, health monitoring, and human-computer interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuang Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuanbin Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiangshuo Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ningjing Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Song
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weipeng Xuan
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Changjie Zhou
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- High Tech Center for New Materials, Novel Devices and Cutting Edge Manufacturing, Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingzhi Shang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Silin He
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 1 Dongxiang Road, Chang'an District, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, Ministry of Education, College of Electronics and Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen, 361005, China
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20
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Kim Y, Kang H, Song M, Kwon H, Ryu S. Interfacial-Water-Modulated Photoluminescence of Single-Layer WS(2) on Mica. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36834902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their bandgap tunability and strong light-matter interactions, two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are considered promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices. However, their photophysical properties are greatly affected by their surrounding environment because of their 2D nature. In this work, we report that the photoluminescence (PL) of single-layer WS2 is substantially affected by interfacial water that is inevitably present between it and the supporting mica substrates. Using PL spectroscopy and wide-field imaging, we show that the emission signals from A excitons and their negative trions decreased at distinctively different rates with increasing excitation power, which could be attributed to the more efficient annihilation between excitons than between trions. By gas-controlled PL imaging, we also prove that the interfacial water converted the trions into excitons by depleting native negative charges through an oxygen reduction reaction, which rendered the excited WS2 more susceptible to nonradiative decay via exciton-exciton annihilation. Understanding the role of nanoscopic water in complex low-dimensional materials will eventually contribute to devising their novel functions and related devices.
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21
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Manoharan M, Govindharaj K, Muthumalai K, Pandian R, Haldorai Y, Rajendra Kumar RT. Highly Selective Room Temperature Detection of NH 3 and NO x Using Oxygen-Deficient W 18O 49-Supported WS 2 Heterojunctions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:4703-4712. [PMID: 36637973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we reported the controlled synthesis of tungsten disulfide/reduced tungsten oxide (WS2/W18O49) heterojunctions for highly efficient room temperature NOx and ammonia (NH3) sensors. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of the oxygen-deficient W18O49 phase along with WS2. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy displayed the formation of WS2 flakes over W18O49 nanorods. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the presence of tungsten in W4+, W5+, and W6+ oxidation states corresponding to WS2 and W18O49, respectively. The WS2/W18O49 heterojunction sensor exhibited sub-ppm level sensitivity to NOx and NH3 at room temperature. The heterojunction sensor detected 0.6 ppm NOx and 0.5 ppm NH3, with a corresponding response of 7.1 and 3.8%, respectively. The limit of detection of the sensor was calculated to be 0.05 and 0.17 ppm for NH3 and NOx, respectively. The cyclic stability test showed that the sensor exhibited high stability even after 24 cycles for the detection of NH3 and 14 cycles for NOx. Compared to pristine WO3 and WS2, the WS2/W18O49 heterojunction showed high selectivity toward NOx and NH3. The results could be useful for the development of room temperature NOx and NH3 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathankumar Manoharan
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Kamaraj Govindharaj
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - K Muthumalai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Ramanathaswamy Pandian
- Surface and Sensors Studies Division, Materials Science Group, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu603102, India
| | - Yuvaraj Haldorai
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
| | - Ramasamy Thangavelu Rajendra Kumar
- Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu641046, India
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22
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Li Q, Xu K, Zhang H, Huang Z, Xu C, Zhou Z, Peng H, Shi L. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay Based on Signal Amplification of 0D Au-2D WS 2 Nano-Hybrid Materials. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 13:58. [PMID: 36671893 PMCID: PMC9855403 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we proposed a novel Ru(bpy)32+-Au-WS2 nanocomposite (Ru-Au-WS2 NCs) nano-hybrid electrochemiluminescence (ECL) probe for the highly sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). This system utilizes Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) as a bridge to graft the high-performance of a Ru(bpy)32+ ECL emitter and WS2 nanosheet with excellent electrochemical performance into an ECL platform, which shows outstanding anodic ECL performance and biosensing platform due to the synergetic effect and biocompatibility of Au NPs and WS2 nanosheet. Because the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)32+ is sensitively affected by the antibody-antigen insulator, a preferable linear dependence was obtained in the concentration range of CEA from 1 pg·mL-1 to 350 ng·mL-1 with high selectivity (LOD of 0.3 pg·mL-1, S/N = 3). Moreover, the ECL platform had good reproducibility and stability and exhibited excellent anti-interference performance in the detection process of CEA. We believe that the platform we have developed can expand the opportunities for the detection of additional high specificity-related antibodies/antigens and demonstrate broad prospects for disease diagnosis and biochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qile Li
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Jiangsu Pacific Quartz Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222005, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zengguang Huang
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Huaping Peng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Linxing Shi
- School of Science, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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23
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Peng J, Ren C, Zhang W, Chen H, Pan X, Bai H, Jing F, Qiu H, Liu H, Hu Z. Spatially Dependent Electronic Structures and Excitons in a Marginally Twisted Moiré Superlattice of Spiral WS 2. ACS Nano 2022; 16:21600-21608. [PMID: 36475630 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Twisted two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) moiré superlattices provide an additional degree of freedom to engineer electronic and optical properties. Nevertheless, controllable synthesis of marginally twisted homo TMD moiré superlattices is still a challenge. Here, physical vapor deposition grown spiral WS2 nanosheets are demonstrated to be a marginally twisted moiré superlattice using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Periodic moiré superlattices are found on the third layer (3L) and 4L of the spiral WS2 nanosheet owing to the marginally twisted alignment between two neighboring layers, resulting in a highly localized flat band near the valence band maximum. Their bandgap depends on atomic stacking configurations, which gives a good interpretation for split moiré excitons using photoluminescence at 77 K. This work can benefit the development of twisted homo TMD moiré superlattices and could promote the profound research of twisted TMDs in the prospective field, such as strongly correlated physics and twistronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Caixia Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hangxin Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Fangli Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hailong Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Zhanggui Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystals, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
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24
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Al Qaydi M, Kotbi A, Rajput NS, Bouchalkha A, El Marssi M, Matras G, Kasmi C, Jouiad M. Photodetection Properties of MoS 2, WS 2 and Mo xW 1-xS 2 Heterostructure: A Comparative Study. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:24. [PMID: 36615933 PMCID: PMC9824100 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Layered transition metals dichalcogenides such as MoS2 and WS2 have shown a tunable bandgap, making them highly desirable for optoelectronic applications. Here, we report on one-step chemical vapor deposited MoS2, WS2 and MoxW1-xS2 heterostructures incorporated into photoconductive devices to be examined and compared in view of their use as potential photodetectors. Vertically aligned MoS2 nanosheets and horizontally stacked WS2 layers, and their heterostructure form MoxW1-xS2, exhibit direct and indirect bandgap, respectively. To analyze these structures, various characterization methods were used to elucidate their properties including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. While all the investigated samples show a photoresponse in a broad wavelength range between 400 nm and 700 nm, the vertical MoS2 nanosheets sample exhibits the highest performances at a low bias voltage of 5 V. Our findings demonstrate a responsivity and a specific detectivity of 47.4 mA W-1 and 1.4 × 1011 Jones, respectively, achieved by MoxW1-xS2. This study offers insights into the use of a facile elaboration technique for tuning the performance of MoxW1-xS2 heterostructure-based photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Al Qaydi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Mater, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
- Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Kotbi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Mater, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Nitul S. Rajput
- Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mimoun El Marssi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Mater, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Matras
- Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chaouki Kasmi
- Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustapha Jouiad
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Mater, University of Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
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25
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Di Renzo A, Çakıroğlu O, Carrascoso F, Li H, Gigli G, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Munuera C, Rizzo A, Castellanos-Gomez A, Mastria R, Frisenda R. Enhanced Field-Effect Control of Single-Layer WS 2 Optical Features by hBN Full Encapsulation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4425. [PMID: 36558278 PMCID: PMC9788429 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The field-effect control of the electrical and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals semiconductors (vdW) is one important aspect of this novel class of materials. Thanks to their reduced thickness and decreased screening, electric fields can easily penetrate in a 2D semiconductor and thus modulate their charge density and their properties. In literature, the field effect is routinely used to fabricate atomically thin field-effect transistors based on 2D semiconductors. Apart from the tuning of the electrical transport, it has been demonstrated that the field effect can also be used to modulate the excitonic optical emission of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 or WSe2. In this paper, we present some recent experiments on the field-effect control of the optical and excitonic properties of the monolayer WS2. Using the deterministic transfer of van der Waals materials, we fabricate planar single-layer WS2 devices contacted by a gold electrode and partially sandwiched between two insulating hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes. Thanks to the planar nature of the device, we can optically access both the hBN encapsulated and the unencapsulated WS2 regions and compare the field-effect control of the exciton population in the two cases. We find that the encapsulation strongly increases the range of tunability of the optical emission of WS2, allowing us to tune the photoluminescence emission from excitons-dominated to trions-dominated. We also discuss how the full encapsulation of WS2 with hBN helps reduce spurious hysteretic effects in the field-effect control of the optical properties, similar to what has been reported for 2D vdW field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Renzo
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Onur Çakıroğlu
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Carrascoso
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hao Li
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- National Research Council, Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Andres Castellanos-Gomez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosanna Mastria
- National Research Council, Institute of Nanotechnology (CNR-NANOTEC), Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Physics Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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26
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Dey S, Singh G. WS 2 Nanosheet Loaded Silicon-Oxycarbide Electrode for Sodium and Potassium Batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4185. [PMID: 36500808 PMCID: PMC9736738 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as the WS2 have been widely studied as potential electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) owing to TMDs' layered morphology and reversible conversion reaction with the alkali metals between 0 to 2 V (v/s Li/Li+) potentials. However, works involving TMD materials as electrodes for sodium- (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are relatively few, mainly due to poor electrode performance arising from significant volume changes and pulverization by the larger size alkali-metal ions. Here, we show that Na+ and K+ cyclability in WS2 TMD is improved by introducing WS2 nanosheets in a chemically and mechanically robust matrix comprising precursor-derived ceramic (PDC) silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) material. The WS2/SiOC composite in fibermat morphology was achieved via electrospinning followed by thermolysis of a polymer solution consisting of a polysiloxane (precursor to SiOC) dispersed with exfoliated WS2 nanosheets. The composite electrode was successfully tested in Na-ion and K-ion half-cells as a working electrode, which rendered the first cycle charge capacity of 474.88 mAh g-1 and 218.91 mAh g-1, respectively. The synergistic effect of the composite electrode leads to higher capacity and improved coulombic efficiency compared to the neat WS2 and neat SiOC materials in these cells.
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27
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Zhao F, Li Z, Fu Y, Wang Q. Gas-Sensitive Characteristics of Graphene Composite Tungsten Disulfide to Ammonia. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8672. [PMID: 36433267 PMCID: PMC9696837 DOI: 10.3390/s22228672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have outstanding application prospects in gas sensing. By constructing composite structures of various gas-sensitive materials, more-efficient and sensitive gas sensors can be further developed. After graphene is compounded with WS2, the composite material can improve the gas detection performance. In this work, the adsorption energy and the electronic properties of a graphene/WS2 structure were calculated by first-principles before and after adsorption of NH3. The calculation results indicate that the bandgap of the material was appreciably reduced after NH3 was adsorbed. In addition, a graphene/WS2 gas sensor was prepared. The response of the sensor to NH3 at a concentration of 100 ppm was 2.42% and 1.73% at 30 °C and 60 °C, respectively. Combining simulation with experiment, it is feasible to use graphene composite WS2 to detect NH3, which provides a new idea for applications of graphene and other composite materials in gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongxue Li
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yongzhong Fu
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Zhenjiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Sensing Materials and Devices, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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28
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Lu J, Zhou Y, Ling L, Zhou Y. Enhanced activation of PMS by a novel Fenton-like composite Fe 3O 4/S-WO 3 for rapid chloroxylenol degradation. Chem Eng J 2022; 446:137067. [PMID: 36465814 PMCID: PMC9700388 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chloroxylenol (PCMX) is widely used as disinfectant since the epidemic outbreak due to its effective killing of Covid-19 virus. Its stable chemical properties make it frequently detected in surface water. Herein, we successfully modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles with S-WO3 (X-Fe3O4/S-WO3) to accelerate the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle. The composite has outstanding PCMX degradation and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) decomposition efficiency over a wide pH range (3.0 ∼ 9.0). 80-Fe3O4/S-WO3/PMS system not only increased PMS decomposition efficiency from 27.7% to 100.0%, but also realized an enhancement of PCMX degradation efficiency by 16 times in comparison with that of Fe3O4 alone. The catalyst utilization efficiency reached 0.3506 mmol∙g-1∙min-1 which stands out among most Fenton-like catalysts. The composite has excellent degradation ability to a variety of emerging pollutants, such as antibiotics, drugs, phenols and endocrine disrupters, and at least a 90% removal efficiency reached in 10 min. The degradation of PCMX was dominated by HO•, SO4 •- and 1O2. The degradation pathways of PCMX were analyzed in detail. The component WS2 in S-WO3 plays a co-catalytic role instead of WO3. And the exposed active W4+ surf. efficiently enhanced the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle, thereby complete PMS decomposition and high catalytic efficiency were achieved. Our findings clarify that applying two-dimensional transition metal sulfide WS2 to modify heterogeneous Fe3O4 is a feasible strategy to improve Fenton-like reaction and provide a promising catalyst for PCMX degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liangxiong Ling
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yanbo Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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29
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Basyooni MA, Zaki SE, Alfryyan N, Tihtih M, Eker YR, Attia GF, Yılmaz M, Ateş Ş, Shaban M. Nanostructured MoS 2 and WS 2 Photoresponses under Gas Stimuli. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3585. [PMID: 36296777 PMCID: PMC9607979 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study was on the optoelectronic properties of multilayered two-dimensional MoS2 and WS2 materials on a silicon substrate using sputtering physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. For the first time, we report ultraviolet (UV) photoresponses under air, CO2, and O2 environments at different flow rates. The electrical Hall effect measurement showed the existence of MoS2 (n-type)/Si (p-type) and WS2 (P-type)/Si (p-type) heterojunctions with a higher sheet carrier concentration of 5.50 × 105 cm-2 for WS2 thin film. The IV electrical results revealed that WS2 is more reactive than MoS2 film under different gas stimuli. WS2 film showed high stability under different bias voltages, even at zero bias voltage, due to the noticeably good carrier mobility of 29.8 × 102 cm2/V. WS2 film indicated a fast rise/decay time of 0.23/0.21 s under air while a faster response of 0.190/0.10 s under a CO2 environment was observed. Additionally, the external quantum efficiency of WS2 revealed a remarkable enhancement in the CO2 environment of 1.62 × 108 compared to MoS2 film with 6.74 × 106. According to our findings, the presence of CO2 on the surface of WS2 improves such optoelectronic properties as photocurrent gain, photoresponsivity, external quantum efficiency, and detectivity. These results indicate potential applications of WS2 as a photodetector under gas stimuli for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Basyooni
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Science, Selçuk University, Konya 42030, Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya 42060, Turkey
| | - Shrouk E. Zaki
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Science, Selçuk University, Konya 42030, Turkey
- Theoretical Physics Department, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Nada Alfryyan
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Tihtih
- Institute of Ceramics and Polymer Engineering, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Yasin Ramazan Eker
- Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42060, Turkey
| | - Gamal F. Attia
- Department of Solar and Space Research, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Mücahit Yılmaz
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya 42060, Turkey
| | - Şule Ateş
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, P.O. Box 170, AlMadinah Almonawara 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics and Applications Laboratory, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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30
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Shi J, Wu X, Wu K, Zhang S, Sui X, Du W, Yue S, Liang Y, Jiang C, Wang Z, Wang W, Liu L, Wu B, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Qiu CW, Liu X. Giant Enhancement and Directional Second Harmonic Emission from Monolayer WS 2 on Silicon Substrate via Fabry-Pérot Micro-Cavity. ACS Nano 2022; 16:13933-13941. [PMID: 35984986 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess large second-order optical nonlinearity, making them ideal candidates for miniaturized on-chip frequency conversion devices, all-optical interconnection, and optoelectronic integration components. However, limited by subnanometer thickness, the monolayer TMD exhibits low second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency (<0.1%) and poor directionality, which hinders their practical applications. Herein, we proposed a Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity formed by coupling an atomically thin WS2 film with a silicon hole matrix to enhance the SH emission. A maximum enhancement (∼1580 times) is achieved by tuning the excitation wavelength to be resonant with the microcavity modes. The giant enhancement is attributed to the strong electric field enhancement in the F-P cavity and the oscillator strength enhancement of excitons from suspended WS2. Moreover, directional SH emission (divergence angle ∼5°) is obtained benefiting from the resonance of the F-P microcavity. Our research results can provide a practical sketch to develop both high-efficiency and directional nonlinear optical devices for silicon-based on-chip integration optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Sui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqi Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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31
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Sun Z, Pang CS, Wu P, Hung TYT, Li MY, Liew SL, Cheng CC, Wang H, Wong HSP, Li LJ, Radu I, Chen Z, Appenzeller J. Statistical Assessment of High-Performance Scaled Double-Gate Transistors from Monolayer WS 2. ACS Nano 2022; 16:14942-14950. [PMID: 36094410 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scaling of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) field-effect transistors (FETs) is an important step toward evaluating the application space of TMD materials. Although some work on ultrashort channel monolayer (ML) TMD FETs has been published, there exist no comprehensive studies that assess their performance in a statistically relevant manner, providing critical insights into the impact of the device geometry. Part of the reason for the absence of such a study is the substantial variability of TMD devices when processes are not carefully controlled. In this work, we show a statistical study of ultrashort channel double-gated ML WS2 FETs exhibiting excellent device performance and limited device-to-device variations. From a detailed analysis of cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images and careful technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations, we evaluated, in particular, an unexpected deterioration of the subthreshold characteristics for our shortest devices. Two potential candidates for the observed behavior were identified, i.e., buckling of the TMD on the substrate and loss of gate control due to the source geometry and the high-k dielectric between the metal gate and the metal source electrode.
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32
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Kayal A, Barman PK, Sarma PV, Shaijumon MM, Kini RN, Mitra J. Symmetric domain segmentation in WS 2flakes: correlating spatially resolved photoluminescence, conductance with valley polarization. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:495203. [PMID: 36041399 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8d9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of intra-flake heterogeneity of spectroscopic and electrical properties in chemical vapour deposited (CVD) WS2flakes is explored in a multi-physics investigation via spatially resolved spectroscopic maps correlated with electrical, electronic and mechanical properties. The investigation demonstrates that the three-fold symmetric segregation of spectroscopic response, in topographically uniform WS2flakes are accompanied by commensurate segmentation of electronic properties e.g. local carrier density and the differences in the mechanics of tip-sample interactions, evidenced via scanning probe microscopy phase maps. Overall, the differences are understood to originate from point defects, namely sulfur vacancies within the flake along with a dominant role played by the substrate. While evolution of the multi-physics maps upon sulfur annealing elucidates the role played by sulfur vacancy, substrate-induced effects are investigated by contrasting data from WS2flake on Si and Au surfaces. Local charge depletion induced by the nature of the sample-substrate junction in case of WS2on Au is seen to invert the electrical response with comprehensible effects on their spectroscopic properties. Finally, the role of these optoelectronic properties in preserving valley polarization that affects valleytronic applications in WS2flakes, is investigated via circular polarization discriminated photoluminescence experiments. The study provides a thorough understanding of spatial heterogeneity in optoelectronic properties of WS2and other transition metal chalcogenides, which are critical for device fabrication and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Kayal
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | | | - Prasad V Sarma
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - M M Shaijumon
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - R N Kini
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - J Mitra
- School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
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33
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Huang CC, Wang H, Cao Y, Weatherby E, Richheimer F, Wood S, Jiang S, Wei D, Dong Y, Lu X, Wang P, Polcar T, Hewak DW. Facilitating Uniform Large-Scale MoS 2, WS 2 Monolayers, and Their Heterostructures through van der Waals Epitaxy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:42365-42373. [PMID: 36082455 PMCID: PMC9501908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication process for the uniform large-scale MoS2, WS2 transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) monolayers, and their heterostructures has been developed by van der Waals epitaxy (VdWE) through the reaction of MoCl5 or WCl6 precursors and the reactive gas H2S to form MoS2 or WS2 monolayers, respectively. The heterostructures of MoS2/WS2 or WS2/MoS2 can be easily achieved by changing the precursor from WCl6 to MoCl5 once the WS2 monolayer has been fabricated or switching the precursor from MoCl5 to WCl6 after the MoS2 monolayer has been deposited on the substrate. These VdWE-grown MoS2, WS2 monolayers, and their heterostructures have been successfully deposited on Si wafers with 300 nm SiO2 coating (300 nm SiO2/Si), quartz glass, fused silica, and sapphire substrates using the protocol that we have developed. We have characterized these TMDCs materials with a range of tools/techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman analysis, photoluminescence (PL), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). The band alignment and large-scale uniformity of MoS2/WS2 heterostructures have also been evaluated with PL spectroscopy. This process and resulting large-scale MoS2, WS2 monolayers, and their heterostructures have demonstrated promising solutions for the applications in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Che Huang
- Optoelectronics
Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - He Wang
- nCAT, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yameng Cao
- National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Ed Weatherby
- Optoelectronics
Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sebastian Wood
- National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Shan Jiang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Daqing Wei
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Yongkang Dong
- National
Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Xiaosong Lu
- School of
Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu
Normal University, 221116 Xuzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key
Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education,
College of Science, Harbin Engineering University, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Tomas Polcar
- nCAT, University
of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel W. Hewak
- Optoelectronics
Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Laser cooling atoms and molecules to ultralow temperatures has produced plenty of opportunities in fundamental physics, precision metrology, and quantum science. Although theoretically proposed over 40 years, the laser cooling of certain lattice vibrations (i.e., phonon) remains a challenge owing to the complexity of solid structures. Here, we demonstrate Raman cooling of a longitudinal optical phonon in two-dimensional semiconductor WS2 by red-detuning excitation at the sideband of the exciton (bound electron-hole pair). Strong coupling between the phonon and exciton and appreciable optomechanical coupling rates provide access to cooling high-frequency phonons that are robust against thermal decoherence even at room temperature. Our experiment opens possibilities of laser cooling and control of individual optical phonon and, eventually, possible cooling of matter in van der Waals semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Hai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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35
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Sharma A, Zhu Y, Halbich R, Sun X, Zhang L, Wang B, Lu Y. Engineering the Dynamics and Transport of Excitons, Trions, and Biexcitons in Monolayer WS 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:41165-41177. [PMID: 36048513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of transport and diffusion dynamics of quasi-particles such as excitons, trions, and biexcitons in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has opened avenues for their application in high-speed excitonic and optoelectronic devices. However, long-range transport and fast diffusion of these quasi-particles have not been reported for 2D systems such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The reported diffusion coefficients from TMDCs are low, limiting their use in high-speed excitonic devices and other optoelectronic applications. Here, we report the highest exciton diffusion coefficient value in monolayer WS2 achieved via engineering the radiative lifetime and diffusion lengths using static back-gate voltage and substrate engineering. Electrostatic doping is observed to modulate the radiative lifetime and in turn the diffusion coefficient of excitons by ∼three times at room temperature. By combining electrostatic doping and substrate engineering, we push the diffusion coefficient to an extremely high value of 86.5 cm2/s, which has not been reported before in TMDCs and is even higher than the values in some 1D systems. At low temperatures, we further report the control of dynamic and spatial diffusion of excitons, trions, and biexcitons from WS2. The electrostatic control of dynamics and transport of these quasi-particles in monolayers establishes monolayer TMDCs as ideal candidates for high-speed excitonic circuits, optoelectronic, and photonic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Halbich
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bowen Wang
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Computation and Communication Technology ANU Node, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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36
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Acar M, Ertuğrul M, Gür E. Transfer-free, scalable vertical heterostructure FET on MoS 2/WS 2continuous films. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:475201. [PMID: 35970141 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account the novel layered structure and unusual electronic properties of MoS2and WS2on the side the lack of dangling bonds between these two components and donor-acceptor linkage effects, growth of the MoS2/WS2vertical heterojunction film on the amorphous SiO2/Si substrate have created high demand. In this study, we reported the continuous, scalable, and vertical MoS2/WS2heterostructure film by using a sputtering without a transfer step. The WS2film was continuously grown on MoS2and eventually led to the formation of the MoS2/WS2vertical heterojunction film. Dozens of FETs fabricated on MoS2/WS2continuous heterojunction film were created on the same substrate in a single lithographic fabrication step, allowing them to be commercialized and not only used in research applications. RAMAN spectra proved the formation of the MoS2/WS2heterostructure film. In XPS measurements, it was shown that a separate MoS2and WS2layer was grown instead of the alloy structure. The polarity behavior of the MoS2/WS2heterostructure FET was found to be modulated with different drain voltages as p-type to ambipolar and finally n-type conductivity because of the transition of band structure and Schottky barrier heights at different drain voltages. Electron mobility (7.2 cm2V.s-1) and on/off ratio (104-105) exhibited by the MoS2/WS2heterostructure FETs displayed a more improved electrical performance than that of individual WS2, MoS2devices. It was observed that the mobility value of MoS2/WS2FET was approximately 514 times greater than WS2FET and 800 times greater than MoS2FET. Additionally, the MoS2/WS2FET on/off ratio was larger than 2 order MoS2FET and 1 order WS2FET. The film of continuous vertical heterojunctions as in the MoS2/WS2currents in the study would be a promising candidate for nanoelectronics fields. This work demonstrated the progress towards realizing carrier-type controlled high-performance MoS2/WS2heterojunction-based FETs for future logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Acar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ertuğrul
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Gür
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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37
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Bisht P, Kumar A, Ghosh A, Vullum PE, Sunding MF, Belle BD, Mehta BR. Tailoring the Vertical and Planar Growth of 2D WS 2 Thin Films Using Pulsed Laser Deposition for Enhanced Gas Sensing Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:36789-36800. [PMID: 35943092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pulsed laser deposition has been utilized for the controllable synthesis of WS2 thin films with growth orientation ranging from vertically to horizontally aligned layers, and the effect of growth parameters has been investigated. The growth of thin films on SiO2 substrates at three different pressures (30, 50, and 70 mTorr) and three different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 °C) has been studied. Detailed characterizations carried out on the as-grown layers clearly show the formation of the 2H-WS2 phase and its morphological evolution with deposition conditions. Atomic force microscopy and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy have been used to deduce the growth mechanism of the vertical and planar films with different deposition parameters. The samples grown with a combination of lower temperatures and higher pressures exhibit a vertical flake-like growth with a flake thickness of ∼2-5 nm. However, at higher temperatures and lower pressures, the film growth is observed to be rather planar. The gas sensing parameters and the underlying mechanism have been observed to be quite different for vertically and horizontally grown layers. The vertical layers showed a selective response toward NO2 gas at room temperature (RT) with a limit of detection less than 50 ppb. In comparison, a very subdued and poor gas sensing response was recorded for the planar film at RT. A large specific area and abundance of active edge sites along with the flat basal plane present in the vertically grown layers seem to be responsible for efficient gas sensing toward NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Bisht
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Per Erik Vullum
- SINTEF Industry, Høgskoleringen, NO: 57046, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Branson D Belle
- SINTEF Industry, Materials Physics, Forskningsveien 1, NO: 0373, Oslo 0314, Norway
| | - Bodh Raj Mehta
- Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Directorate of Research, Innovation and Development, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309, India
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38
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Abhijith T, E S, Suthar R, Sharma P, Thomas S, Karak S. Understanding the linear and nonlinear optical responses of few-layer exfoliated MoS 2and WS 2nanoflakes: experimental and simulation studies. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:435702. [PMID: 35850090 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac81d7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of two-dimensional nanomaterials is essential to effectively utilize them in various optoelectronic applications. Here, few-layer MoS2and WS2nanoflakes with lateral size less than 200 nm were prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation, and their linear and NLO responses were studied simultaneously using experimental measurements and theoretical simulations. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations confirmed the redshift in the excitonic transitions when the thickness was increased above 10 nm indicating the layer-number dependent bandgap of nanoflakes. WS2nanoflakes exhibited around 5 times higher absorption to scattering cross-section ratio than MoS2nanoflakes at various wavelengths. Open aperture Z scan analysis of both the MoS2and WS2nanoflakes using 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses reveals strong nonlinear absorption activity with effective nonlinear absorption coefficient (βeff) of 120 cm GW-1and 180 cm GW-1, respectively, which was attributed to the combined contributions of ground, singlet excited and triplet excited state absorption. FDTD simulation results also showed the signature of strong absorption density of few layer nanoflakes which may be account for their excellent NLO characteristics. Optical limiting threshold values of MoS2and WS2nanoflakes were obtained as ∼1.96 J cm-2and 0.88 J cm-2, respectively, which are better than many of the reported values. Intensity dependent switching from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse SA was also observed for MoS2nanoflakes when the laser intensity increased from 0.14 to 0.27 GW cm-2. The present study provides valuable information to improve the selection of two-dimensional nanomaterials for the design of highly efficient linear and nonlinear optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Abhijith
- Organic and Hybrid Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shiju E
- International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Rakesh Suthar
- Organic and Hybrid Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Punit Sharma
- Organic and Hybrid Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sheenu Thomas
- International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Cochin 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Supravat Karak
- Organic and Hybrid Electronic Device Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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39
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Qi Z, Zhai X, Jiang X, Xu X, Fan C, Shen L, Xiao Q, Jiang S, Deng Q, Liu H, Jing F, Zhang Q. Epitaxy of NiTe 2 on WS 2 for the p-Type Schottky Contact and Increased Photoresponse. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:31121-31130. [PMID: 35767657 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have great potential applications in the electronic and optoelectronic devices. Nevertheless, due to the difficulty in the efficient doping of atomic-thickness TMDCs or Fermi level pinning (FLP) effects at the metal/semiconductor interface, most TMDC devices exhibit the n-type conduction polarity, which significantly limits their functional applications based on the p-n junction. Here, 2D semi-metal NiTe2 nanosheets were epitaxially grown on the WS2 monolayer by a two-step chemical vapor deposition route. The microstructure and optical characterizations confirm that the vertically stacked NiTe2/WS2 heterostructures are formed by van der Waals epitaxy. Interestingly, p-type WS2 field-effect transistors can be obtained with the hole mobility of ∼4.22 cm2/V·s, when the epitaxial NiTe2 sheets act as the source/drain electrodes. This is attributed to the decreased FLP effect and hence the low potential barrier for holes at the van der Waals contacts. Furthermore, the photodetectors based on the heterostructures show a 2 orders of magnitude increase in the switch ratio, responsivity, and detectivity and a 1 order of magnitude increase in the rise and decay speeds relative to those based on pristine WS2. This work paves the way to realize the p-type contact for monolayer WS2 with significantly enhanced optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuodong Qi
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokun Zhai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xing Xu
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shen
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xiao
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Sha Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Qi Deng
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Fangli Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, and Hunan Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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Shahabuddin S, Mehmood S, Ahmad I, Sridewi N. Synthesis and Characterization of 2D- WS2 Incorporated Polyaniline Nanocomposites as Photo Catalyst for Methylene Blue Degradation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2090. [PMID: 35745428 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2D-WS2 incorporated polyaniline nanocomposites (WS2-PANI) with varying WS2 loadings were synthesized by a facile in situ oxidative polymerization technique which effectively promoted photocatalytic waste-water remediation using methylene blue (MB) as the probe molecules. The physicochemical properties of WS2-PANI (1-5) nanocomposites were investigated using multifarious techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, BET surface area, TGA, FESEM, and HRTEM. An electron microscopy analysis that was performed using HRTEM analysis confirm the layered structure of WS2 with periodic planes (100) separated by 0.27 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the WS2-PANI (1-5) for MB degradation performed under UV photo irradiation clearly showed that 2 wt.% WS2-PANI outperformed other variants with 93% degradation MB within 90 min. Furthermore, the catalytic material was reusable for five cycles without a significant loss of the catalytic performance.
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Uddin SZ, Higashitarumizu N, Kim H, Yi J, Zhang X, Chrzan D, Javey A. Enhanced Neutral Exciton Diffusion in Monolayer WS 2 by Exciton-Exciton Annihilation. ACS Nano 2022; 16:8005-8011. [PMID: 35467828 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dominant recombination pathways in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) depend primarily on background carrier concentration, generation rate, and applied strain. Charged excitons formed in the presence of background carriers mainly recombine nonradiatively. Neutral excitons recombine completely radiatively at low generation rates, but experience nonradiative exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA) at high generation rates. Strain can suppress EEA, resulting in near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) at all exciton densities. Although exciton diffusion is the primary channel of energy transport in excitonic materials and a critical optoelectronic design consideration, the combined effects of these factors on exciton diffusion are not clearly understood. In this work, we decouple the diffusion of neutral and charged excitons with chemical counterdoping and explore the effect of strain and generation rate on exciton diffusion. According to the standard semiconductor paradigm, a shorter carrier recombination lifetime should lead to a smaller diffusion length. Surprisingly, we find that increasing generation rate shortens the exciton lifetime but increases the diffusion length in unstrained monolayers of TMDCs. When we suppress EEA by strain, both lifetime and diffusion length become independent of generation rate. During EEA one exciton nonradiatively recombines and kinetically energizes another exciton, which then diffuses fast. Our results probe concentration-dependent diffusion of pure neutral excitons by counterdoping and elucidate how strain controls exciton transport and many-body interactions in TMDC monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiekh Zia Uddin
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Naoki Higashitarumizu
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hyungjin Kim
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jun Yi
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daryl Chrzan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Qian Q, Wu W, Peng L, Wang Y, Tan AMZ, Liang L, Hus SM, Wang K, Choudhury TH, Redwing JM, Puretzky AA, Geohegan DB, Hennig RG, Ma X, Huang S. Photoluminescence Induced by Substitutional Nitrogen in Single-Layer Tungsten Disulfide. ACS Nano 2022; 16:7428-7437. [PMID: 35536919 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of two-dimensional materials can be strongly influenced by defects, some of which can find significant implementations, such as controllable doping, prolonged valley lifetime, and single-photon emissions. In this work, we demonstrate that defects created by remote N2 plasma exposure in single-layer WS2 can induce a distinct low-energy photoluminescence (PL) peak at 1.59 eV, which is in sharp contrast to that caused by remote Ar plasma. This PL peak has a critical requirement on the N2 plasma exposure dose, which is strongest for WS2 with about 2.0% sulfur deficiencies (including substitutions and vacancies) and vanishes at 5.6% or higher sulfur deficiencies. Both experiments and first-principles calculations suggest that this 1.59 eV PL peak is caused by defects related to the sulfur substitutions by nitrogen, even though low-temperature PL measurements also reveal that not all the sulfur vacancies are remedied by the substitutional nitrogen. The distinct low-energy PL peak suggests that the substitutional nitrogen defect in single-layer WS2 can potentially serve as an isolated artificial atom for creating single-photon emitters, and its intensity can also be used to monitor the doping concentrations of substitutional nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lintao Peng
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yuanxi Wang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Anne Marie Z Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Saban M Hus
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Ke Wang
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tanushree H Choudhury
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Joan M Redwing
- 2D Crystal Consortium, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Richard G Hennig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shengxi Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Feng J, Li Y, Li J, Feng Q, Xin W, Liu W, Xu H, Liu Y. Engineering Relaxation-Paths of C-Exciton for Constructing Band Nesting Bypass in WS 2 Monolayer. Nano Lett 2022; 22:3699-3706. [PMID: 35481760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong photon absorption characteristics in the band nesting region (denoted as C-exciton) due to intrinsic van Hove singularities despite being atomically thin. However, because of unique parallel band structure and ineluctably unfavorable recombination process, only a small fraction of the hot carriers from C-excitons are converted into optically active band-edge excitons via inherent relaxation-paths. The resultant photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is severely suppressed for the resonant excitation of C-exciton. To overcome this limitation, we have designed double type-I band alignments to construct a band nesting bypass in a monolayer WS2/CdS quantum dot heterostructure for cooling the C-excitons. Transient optical measurements confirmed that the hot carriers from the C-excitons were effectively transferred from WS2 to CdS with an efficiency of 50% and subsequently back to the WS2 band-edge to form A-excitons over an ultrafast subpicosecond time scale, accompanied by a record high PLQY of ∼11.1% for near-resonance C-exciton excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Feng
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yuanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jixiu Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qiushi Feng
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Yue L, Xu D, Wei Z, Zhao T, Lin T, Tenne R, Zak A, Li Q, Liu B. Size and Shape's Effects on the High-Pressure Behavior of WS 2 Nanomaterials. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15082838. [PMID: 35454530 PMCID: PMC9024497 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Exploring the behavior of nanocrystals with varying shapes and sizes under high pressure is crucial to understanding the relationship between the morphology and properties of nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated the compression behaviors of WS2 nanotubes (NT-WS2) and fullerene-like nanoparticles (IF-WS2) by in situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the bulk modulus of NT-WS2 is 81.7 GPa, which is approximately twice as large as that of IF-WS2 (46.3 GPa). This might be attributed to the fact that IF-WS2 with larger d-spacing along the c-axis and higher defect density are more compressible under isotropic pressure than NT-WS2. Thus, the slender NT-WS2 possess a more stable crystal structure than the IF-WS2. Our findings reveal that the effects of morphology and size play crucial roles in determining the high-pressure properties of WS2 nanoparticles, and provide significant insight into the relationship between structure and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Dan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Ziyu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Tao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Reshef Tenne
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (Q.L.)
| | - Alla Zak
- Faculty of Sciences, HIT—Holon Institute of Technology, 52 Golomb St., Holon 5810201, Israel;
| | - Quanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (Q.L.)
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (L.Y.); (D.X.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.); (T.L.); (B.L.)
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Matatagui D, Cruz C, Carrascoso F, Al-Enizi AM, Nafady A, Castellanos-Gomez A, Horrillo MDC. Eco-Friendly Disposable WS 2 Paper Sensor for Sub-ppm NO 2 Detection at Room Temperature. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1213. [PMID: 35407331 PMCID: PMC9000778 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We developed inexpensive and disposable gas sensors with a low environmental footprint. This approach is based on a biodegradable substrate, paper, and features safe and nontoxic electronic materials. We show that abrasion-induced deposited WS2 nanoplatelets on paper can be employed as a successful sensing layer to develop high-sensitivity and selective sensors, which operate even at room temperature. Its performance is investigated, at room temperature, against NO2 exposure, finding that the electrical resistance of the device drops dramatically upon NO2 adsorption, decreasing by ~42% (~31% half a year later) for 0.8 ppm concentration, and establishing a detection limit around~2 ppb (~3 ppb half a year later). The sensor is highly selective towards NO2 gas with respect to the interferents NH3 and CO, whose responses were only 1.8% (obtained for 30 ppm) and 1.5% (obtained for 8 ppm), respectively. Interestingly, an improved response of the developed sensor under humid conditions was observed (tested for 25% relative humidity at 23 °C). The high-performance, in conjunction with its small dimensions, low cost, operation at room temperature, and the possibility of using it as a portable system, makes this sensor a promising candidate for continuous monitoring of NO2 on-site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matatagui
- Grupo de Tecnología de Sensores Avanzados (SENSAVAN), Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información (ITEFI), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (M.d.C.H.)
| | - Carlos Cruz
- Grupo de Tecnología de Sensores Avanzados (SENSAVAN), Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información (ITEFI), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (M.d.C.H.)
| | - Felix Carrascoso
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-E.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.-E.); (A.N.)
| | - Andres Castellanos-Gomez
- Materials Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María del Carmen Horrillo
- Grupo de Tecnología de Sensores Avanzados (SENSAVAN), Instituto de Tecnologías Físicas y de la Información (ITEFI), CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (M.d.C.H.)
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46
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Padma T, Gara DK, Reddy AN, Vattikuti SVP, Julien CM. MoSe 2-WS 2 Nanostructure for an Efficient Hydrogen Generation under White Light LED Irradiation. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:1160. [PMID: 35407278 PMCID: PMC9000479 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, MoSe2-WS2 nanocomposites consisting of WS2 nanoparticles covered with few MoSe2 nanosheets were successfully developed via an easy hydrothermal synthesis method. Their nanostructure and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance are investigated by a series of characterization techniques. The PHE rate of MoSe2-WS2 is evaluated under the white light LED irradiation. Under LED illumination, the highest PHE of MoSe2-WS2 nanocomposite is 1600.2 µmol g-1 h-1. When compared with pristine WS2, the MoSe2-WS2 nanostructures demonstrated improved PHE rate, which is 10-fold higher than that of the pristine one. This work suggests that MoSe2-WS2 could be a promising photocatalyst candidate and might stimulate the further studies of other layered materials for energy conversion and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiparti Padma
- Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500090, Telangana, India;
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Gara
- Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Doolapally, Hyderabad 500100, Telangana, India; (D.K.G.); (A.N.R.)
| | - Amara Nadha Reddy
- Malla Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Doolapally, Hyderabad 500100, Telangana, India; (D.K.G.); (A.N.R.)
| | | | - Christian M. Julien
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France
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Hennighausen Z, Wickramaratne D, McCreary KM, Hudak BM, Brintlinger T, Chuang HJ, Noyan MA, Jonker BT, Stroud RM, van 't Erve OM. Laser-Patterned Submicrometer Bi 2Se 3-WS 2 Pixels with Tunable Circular Polarization at Room Temperature. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:9504-9514. [PMID: 35157419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing and manipulating the circular polarization of light is central to numerous emerging technologies, including spintronics and quantum computing. Separately, monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) is a versatile material that has demonstrated promise in a variety of applications, including single photon emitters and valleytronics. Here, we demonstrate a method to tune the photoluminescence (PL) intensity (factor of ×161), peak position (38.4 meV range), circular polarization (39.4% range), and valley polarization of a Bi2Se3-WS2 2D heterostructure using a low-power laser (0.762 μW) in ambient conditions. Changes are spatially confined to the laser spot, enabling submicrometer (814 nm) features, and are long-term stable (>334 days). PL and valley polarization changes can be controllably reversed through laser exposure in a vacuum, allowing the material to be erased and reused. Atmospheric experiments and first-principles calculations indicate oxygen diffusion modulates the exciton radiative vs nonradiative recombination pathways, where oxygen absorption leads to brightening and desorption to darkening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Hennighausen
- NRC Postdoc Residing at the Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Darshana Wickramaratne
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Kathleen M McCreary
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Bethany M Hudak
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Todd Brintlinger
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Hsun-Jen Chuang
- Nova Research, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia 22308, United States
| | - Mehmet A Noyan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Rhonda M Stroud
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Olaf M van 't Erve
- Materials Science and Technology Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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Yang W, Huang T, He J, Zhang S, Yang Y, Liu W, Ge X, Zhang R, Qiu M, Sang Y, Wang X, Zhou X, Li T, Liu C, Dai N, Chen X, Fan Z, Shen G. Monolayer WS 2 Lateral Homosuperlattices with Two-dimensional Periodic Localized Photoluminescence. ACS Nano 2022; 16:597-603. [PMID: 34919386 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Homojunctions and homosuperlattices are essential structures and have been widely explored for use in advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, artificially manipulating crystalline phases in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers is still challenging, especially when attempting to engineer lateral homogeneous junctions in a single monolayer of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Herein, we demonstrate a lateral homosuperlattice (MLHS) with alternating 1T and 2H domains in a 2D WS2 monolayer plane. In MLHSs, the 2H domains, which are laterally localized and isolated by potential wells, manifest junction interfaces and irradiated photoluminescence (PL) with a lateral periodic distribution in the two-dimensional plane. The studies on MLHSs here can provide further understanding of lateral homojunctions and homosuperlattices in a monolayer plane, providing an alternative route to modulate optical and electronic behaviors in TMD monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantian Huang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Junbo He
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Shuaijun Zhang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Xun Ge
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Mengxia Qiu
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Yuxiang Sang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhou
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Tianxin Li
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Congfeng Liu
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Ning Dai
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Siao MD, Gandhi AC, Sahoo AK, Wu YC, Syu HK, Tsai MY, Tsai TH, Yang YC, Lin YF, Liu RS, Chiu PW. WSe 2/WS 2 Heterobilayer Nonvolatile Memory Device with Boosted Charge Retention. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:3467-3475. [PMID: 34995438 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) nonvolatile memory device architecture to improve the long-term charge retention with the minimum charge loss without compromising storage capacity and the extinction ratio for practical applications has been an imminent demand. To address the current issue, we adopted a novel type-II band-aligned heterobilayer channel comprising vertically stacked monolayer WSe2 nanodots on monolayer WS2. The band offset modulation leads to electron doping from WSe2 nanodots into the WS2 channel without any external driving electric field. As a result, the tested device outperformed with a memory window as high as 34 V and a negligible charge loss of 7% in a retention period of 10 years while maintaining a high extinction ratio of 106. The doping technique presented in this work provides a feasible route to modulate the electrical properties of 2D channel materials without hampering charge transport, paving the way for high-performance 2D memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Deng Siao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Anup Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Kai Syu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chiang Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Lin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Rai-Shung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Science of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Lu C, Luo M, Ge Y, Huang Y, Zhao Q, Zhou Y, Xu X. Layer-Dependent Nonlinear Optical Properties of WS 2, MoS 2, and Bi 2S 3 Films Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:2390-2400. [PMID: 34971308 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have shown layer-dependent optical properties in both linear optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) regimes due to prominent interlayer coupling and quantum confinement in an atomic scale. However, the NLO properties become more complicated as both saturable absorption (SA) and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) easily happen in 2D materials, which results in a significant challenge to understand the evolution of nonlinear absorption with layers. Motivated by this, chemical vapor-deposited chalcogenide compounds (WS2, MoS2, and Bi2S3) are used to investigate the pump intensity and layer number-dependent NLO properties. The values of nonlinear absorption coefficients of these chalcogenide compounds increase with the pump intensity by an 800 nm femtosecond laser, which can be described by an empirical power law function. The SA process due to the large transition probability of the ground state readily takes place in thick samples, while RSA occurs easily in thin samples due to the two-photon absorption (TPA). The transition from TPA to SA is deduced to occur at 13L-WS2, 15L-MoS2, and 5L-Bi2S3, which is related to the layer-dependent band gaps. Our results provide an efficient way to tune optical nonlinearities with a controlled layer number and to design corresponding NLO devices such as optical switches and saturable absorbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Lu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Mingwei Luo
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yanqing Ge
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Shaanxi Joint Lab of Graphene, State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy, International Collaborative Center on Photoelectric Technology and Nano Functional Materials, Institute of Photonics & Photon-Technology, School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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