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Todor-Boer O, Farcău C, Botiz I. Large Enhancement of Photoluminescence Obtained in Thin Polyfluorene Films of Optimized Microstructure. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2278. [PMID: 39204498 PMCID: PMC11359287 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a clearly demonstrated relationship between the microstructure, processing and resulting optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers. Here, we exploited this relationship by exposing polyfluorene thin films to various solvent vapors via confined-solvent vapor annealing to optimize their microstructure, with the final goal being to enhance their emission properties. Our results have demonstrated enlargements in photoluminescence intensity of up to 270%, 258% and 240% when thin films of polyfluorenes of average molecular weights of 105,491 g/mol, 63,114 g/mol and 14,000 g/mol, respectively, experienced increases in their β-phase fractions upon processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Todor-Boer
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cosmin Farcău
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies INCDTIM, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Rodrigues RDR, Pellosi DS, Louarn G, Péres LO. Nanocomposite Films of Silver Nanoparticles and Conjugated Copolymer in Natural and Nano-Form: Structural and Morphological Studies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103663. [PMID: 37241290 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of conjugated polymers (CPs) and metallic nanoparticles is an interesting way to form nanocomposites with improved optical properties. For instance, a nanocomposite with high sensitivity can be produced. However, the hydrophobicity of CPs may hamper applications due to their low bioavailability and low operability in aqueous media. This problem can be overcome by forming thin solid films from an aqueous dispersion containing small CP nanoparticles. So, in this work we developed the formation of thin films of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PDOF-co-PEDOT) from its natural and nano form (NCP) from aqueous solution. These copolymers were then blended in films with triangular and spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNP) for future applicability as a SERS sensor of pesticides. TEM characterization showed that the AgNP were adsorbed on the NCP surface, forming a nanostructure with an average diameter of 90 nm (value according to that obtained by DLS) and with a negative potential zeta. These nanostructures were transferred to a solid substrate, forming thin and homogeneous films with different morphology of PDOF-co-PEDOT films, as observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). XPS data demonstrated the presence of the AgNP in the thin films, as well as evidence that films with NCP are more resistant to the photo-oxidation process. Raman spectra showed characteristic peaks of the copolymer in the films prepared with NCP. It should also be noted the enhancement effect of Raman bands observed on films containing AgNP, a strong indication of the SERS effect induced by the metallic nanoparticles. Furthermore, the different geometry of the AgNP influences the way in which the adsorption between the NCP and the metal surface occurs, with a perpendicular adsorption between the NCP chains and the surface of the triangular AgNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca da Rocha Rodrigues
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Guy Louarn
- Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes Université, CNRS, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Laura Oliveira Péres
- Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Campus Diadema, São Paulo 09913-030, Brazil
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Marin-Beloqui JM, Gómez S, Gonev HI, Comí M, Al-Hashimi M, Clarke TM. Truncated conjugation in fused heterocycle-based conducting polymers: when greater planarity does not enhance conjugation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:812-821. [PMID: 36755723 PMCID: PMC9890783 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main assumptions in the design of new conjugated polymer materials for their use in organic electronics is that higher coplanarity leads to greater conjugation along the polymer backbone. Conventionally, a more planar monomer structure induces a larger backbone coplanarity, thus leading to a greater overlap of the carbon π-orbitals and therefore a higher degree of π-electron delocalisation. However, here we present a case that counters the validity of this assumption. Different diselenophene-based polymers were studied where one polymer possesses two selenophene rings fused together to create a more rigid, planar structure. The effects of this greater polymer coplanarity were examined using Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Raman spectra showed a large difference between the vibrational modes of the fused and unfused polymers, indicating very different electronic structures. Resonance Raman spectroscopy confirmed the rigidity of the fused selenophene polymer and also revealed, by studying the excitation profiles of the different bands, the presence of two shorter, uncoupled conjugation pathways. Supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, we have demonstrated that the reason for this lack of conjugation is a distortion of the selenophene rings due to the induced planarity, forming a new truncated conjugation pathway through the selenophene β-position and bypassing the beneficial α-position. This effect was studied using DFT in an ample range of derivatives, where substitution of the selenium atom with other heteroatoms still maintained the same unconventional conjugation-planarity relationship, confirming the generality of this phenomenon. This work establishes an important structure-property relationship for conjugated polymers that will help rational design of more efficient organic electronics materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Marin-Beloqui
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Building London WC1H 0AJ UK .,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga Blvrd Louis Pasteur 31 29010 Malaga Spain
| | - Sandra Gómez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of SalamancaCaidos Sq.37008SalamancaSpain
| | - Hristo Ivov Gonev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London Christopher Ingold Building London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Marc Comí
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at QatarEducation City, P. O. Box 23874DohaQatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University at QatarEducation City, P. O. Box 23874DohaQatar
| | - Tracey M. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University College LondonChristopher Ingold BuildingLondon WC1H 0AJUK
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Chew KW, Abdul Rahim NA, Teh PL, Abdul Hisam NS, Alias SS. Thermal Degradation of Photoluminescence Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Solvent-Tuned Aggregate Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081615. [PMID: 35458365 PMCID: PMC9029415 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of the green emission spectrum during the decomposition of polyfluorenes (PFs) has impeded the development and commercialization of the materials. Herein, we constructed a solvent-tuned aggregated PFO film with the aim of retarding the material’s thermal degradation behavior which causes a significant decline in optical properties as a result of phase transformation. The tuning of the aggregate amount and distribution was executed by applying a poor alcohol-based solvent in chloroform. It emerges that at a lower boiling point methanol evaporates quickly, limiting the aggregate propagation in the film which gives rise to a more transparent film. Furthermore, because of the modulated β-phase conformation, the absorption spectra of PFO films were red-shifted and broadened. The increase in methanol percentage also led to a rise in β-phase percentage. As for the thermal degradation reactions, both pristine and aggregated PFO films exhibited apparent changes in the UV-Vis spectra and PL spectra. In addition, a 97:3 (chloroform:methanol) aggregated PFO film showed a more defined emission spectrum, which demonstrates that the existence of β-phase is able to suppress the unwanted green emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wei Chew
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Nor Azura Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pei Leng Teh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Nurfatin Syafiqah Abdul Hisam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; (K.W.C.); (P.L.T.); (N.S.A.H.)
| | - Siti Salwa Alias
- Advanced Optical Materials Research Group (AOMRG), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
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Rajamanickam S, Mohammad SM, Hassan Z, Omar AF, Muhammad A. Investigations into Ag nanoparticles–carbon–poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) composite: morphological, structural, optical, and electrical characterization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Ferreira A, Turchetti D, Santana A, Akcelrud L, Mascarenhas Y. Structural and morphological characterization of the crystallites from semicrystalline regions of poly (9,9′-dihexylfluorene). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2021.1968121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Ferreira
- Department of Materials Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Denis Turchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Paulo Scarpa Laboratory of Polymer (LaPPS), Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alisson Santana
- Department of Chemistry, Paulo Scarpa Laboratory of Polymer (LaPPS), Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leni Akcelrud
- Department of Chemistry, Paulo Scarpa Laboratory of Polymer (LaPPS), Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yvonne Mascarenhas
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Lee Y, Kim SY, Kim DY, Lee S. Highly Sensitive UV Photodiode Composed of β-Polyfluorene/YZnO Nanorod Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Heterostructure. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1486. [PMID: 32751143 PMCID: PMC7466385 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The highly sensitive ultra-violet (UV) photodiode was demonstrated on the organic-inorganic hybrid heterostructure of β-phase p-type polyfluorene (PFO)/n-type yttrium-doped zinc oxide nanorods (YZO-NRs). The device was fabricated through a simple fabrication technique of β-phase PFO coating onto YZO-NRs that had been directly grown on graphene by the hydrothermal synthesis method. Under UV illumination (λ = 365 nm), the device clearly showed excellent photoresponse characteristics (e.g., high quantum efficiency ~690%, high photodetectivity ~3.34 × 1012 cm·Hz1/2·W-1, and fast response time ~0.17 s). Furthermore, the ratio of the photo current-to-dark current exceeds 103 even under UV illumination with a small optical power density of 0.6 mW/cm2. We attribute such superb photoresponse characteristics to both Y incorporation into YZO-NRs and conformation of β-phase PFO. Namely, Y dopants could effectively reduce surface states at YZO-NRs, and β-phase PFO might increase the photocarrier conductivity in PFO. The results suggest that the β-phase p-PFO/n-YZO-NR hybrid heterostructure holds promise for high-performance UV photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Lee
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04623, Korea; (Y.L.); (D.Y.K.)
| | - Soo Youn Kim
- Division of Physics & Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04623, Korea;
| | - Deuk Young Kim
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04623, Korea; (Y.L.); (D.Y.K.)
- Division of Physics & Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04623, Korea;
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04623, Korea; (Y.L.); (D.Y.K.)
- Division of Physics & Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04623, Korea;
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Rosencrantz RR, Rahimi K, Kuehne AJC. Morphology Control in Poly(9,9-di-n-octyl-2,7-fluorene) Spherulite Particles Prepared via Dispersion Polymerization. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:6324-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- DWI—Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Khosrow Rahimi
- DWI—Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI—Leibniz Institute
for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Tapia MJ, Monteserín M, Burrows HD, Seixas de Melo JS, Estelrich J. Effect of the Phospholipid Chain Length and Head Group on Beta-Phase Formation of Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) Enclosed in Liposomes. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1471-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María J. Tapia
- Departamento de Química; Universidad de Burgos; Burgos Spain
| | | | - Hugh D. Burrows
- Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | | | - Joan Estelrich
- Departament de Fisicoquímica; Facultat de Farmàcia; Universitat de Barcelona Avda; Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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10
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Ma S, Wang Y, Min Z, Zhong L. Nano/Mesoporous Polymers Based Low-kDielectric Materials: A Review on Methods and Advances. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Advanced Materials and Energies; Xihua University; Chengdu Sichuan; 610039; People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Min
- Center for Advanced Materials and Energies; Xihua University; Chengdu Sichuan; 610039; People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an; 710049; People's Republic of China
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11
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Quites FJ, Domingues RA, Ferbonink GF, Nome RA, Atvars TDZ. Facile control of system-bath interactions and the formation of crystalline phases of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(9,9-di-{5′-pentanyl}-fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)] in silicone-based polymer hosts. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Santos A, Alba M, Rahman MM, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Structural tuning of photoluminescence in nanoporous anodic alumina by hard anodization in oxalic and malonic acids. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:228. [PMID: 22515214 PMCID: PMC3413565 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on an exhaustive and systematic study about the photoluminescent properties of nanoporous anodic alumina membranes fabricated by the one-step anodization process under hard conditions in oxalic and malonic acids. This optical property is analysed as a function of several parameters (i.e. hard anodization voltage, pore diameter, membrane thickness, annealing temperature and acid electrolyte). This analysis makes it possible to tune the photoluminescent behaviour at will simply by modifying the structural characteristics of these membranes. This structural tuning ability is of special interest in such fields as optoelectronics, in which an accurate design of the basic nanostructures (e.g. microcavities, resonators, filters, supports, etc.) yields the control over their optical properties and, thus, upon the performance of the nanodevices derived from them (biosensors, interferometers, selective filters, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mahbubur M Rahman
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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