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Rojas Gómez A, Acosta LK, Ferré-Borrull J, Santos A, Marsal LF. Generation of Tamm Plasmon Resonances for Light Confinement Applications in Narrowband Gradient-Index Filters Based on Nanoporous Anodic Alumina. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2023; 6:5274-5283. [PMID: 37092121 PMCID: PMC10112486 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Gold-coated gradient-index filters based on nanoporous anodic alumina (Au-coated NAA-GIFs) were used as model platforms to elucidate how Tamm plasmons can be tailored by engineering the geometric features of the plasmonic and photonic components of these hybrid structures. NAA-GIFs with well-resolved, intense photonic stopbands at two positions of the visible spectrum were fabricated through sinusoidal pulse anodization. These model photonic crystals were used to assess how the quality of Tamm plasmon resonances can be enhanced by tuning the features of the dielectric mirror and the thickness of the porous gold coating layer. It is found that the highest value of the quality factor of Tamm resonance (Q Tamm = 237) is obtained for 11 nm of gold on a dielectric mirror with low porosity corresponding to the resonant spectral position of λTamm of ∼698 nm. Our analysis indicates that Tamm resonances in as-produced Au-coated NAA-GIFs are weak due to the constrained range of wavelengths (narrow bands) at which these photonic crystal structures reflect light. However, after broadening of their photonic stopband upon pore widening, Tamm resonances become better resolved, with higher intensity. It is also observed that the quality of light confinement worsens progressively with the thickness of the porous gold coating layer after a critical value. In contrast to conventional surface plasmon resonance systems, this hybrid Tamm porous system does not require complex coupling systems and provides a nanoporous structure that can be readily tailored for a range of photonic technologies such as sensing and lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rojas Gómez
- Department
of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Laura K. Acosta
- Department
of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department
of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Abel Santos
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute
for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Department
of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Bosch S, Ferré-Borrull J, Sancho-Parramon J, Arteaga O. Compact formulation of the transparent-absorbing isotropic interface electromagnetic problem. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2022; 39:1774-1781. [PMID: 36215549 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.466318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A complete formulation of the electromagnetic problem corresponding to the light incidence from a transparent to an absorbing medium (isotropic materials) is developed. According to the standard separation in s and p polarization cases, we explicitly obtain all the relevant formulas that relate the polarization and Poynting vectors of the reflected and transmitted beams with the incident ones. Overall, the procedure is compact since it is short and complete.
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3
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Acosta LK, Bertó-Roselló F, Xifre-Perez E, Law CS, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Tunable Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Photonic Crystals by Gaussian Pulse Anodization. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:19778-19787. [PMID: 32227979 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a Gaussian pulse anodization approach to generate nanoporous photonic crystals with highly tunable and controllable optical properties across the visible-NIR spectrum. Nanoporous anodic alumina Gaussian photonic crystals (NAA-GPCs) are fabricated in oxalic acid electrolyte by Gaussian pulse anodization, a novel form of pulse-like anodization. The effect of the Gaussian pulse width in the anodization profile on the optical properties of these photonic crystals is assessed by systematically varying this fabrication parameter from 5 to 60 s. The optical features of the characteristic photonic stopband (PSB) of NAA-GPCs-the position of the central wavelength, full width at half-maximum, and intensity-are found to be highly dependent on the Gaussian pulse width, the angle of incidence of incoming photons, and the nanopore diameter of NAA-GPCs. The effective medium of NAA-GPCs is assessed by monitoring spectral shifts in their characteristic PSB upon infiltration of their nanoporous structure with analytical solutions of d-glucose of varying concentration (0.0125-1 M). Experimental results are validated and mechanistically described by theoretical simulations, using the Looyenga-Landau-Lifshitz effective medium approximation model. Our findings demonstrate that Gaussian pulse anodization is an effective nanofabrication approach to producing highly sensitive NAA-based PC structures with versatile and tunable PSBs across the spectral regions. The findings provide new exiting opportunities to integrate these unique PC structures into photonic sensors and other platform materials for light-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Acosta
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Bertó-Roselló
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifre-Perez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. An optical biosensor for the determination of cathepsin B as a cancer-associated enzyme using nanoporous anodic alumina modified with human serum albumin-thionine. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:230. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lim SY, Law CS, Bertó-Roselló F, Liu L, Markovic M, Ferré-Borrull J, Abell AD, Voelcker NH, Marsal LF, Santos A. Tailor-engineered plasmonic single-lattices: harnessing localized surface plasmon resonances for visible-NIR light-enhanced photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02561h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A platform material composed of 2D gold (Au) nanodot plasmonic single-lattices (Au-nD-PSLs) featuring tailor-engineered geometric features for visible-NIR light-driven enhanced photocatalysis is presented.
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Highly sensitive aptasensor based on interferometric reflectance spectroscopy for the determination of amyloid β as an Alzheimer's disease biomarkers using nanoporous anodic alumina. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:279-286. [PMID: 31125817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that Alzheimer's disease is one of the global challenges for the 21st century. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a reliable biosensor for the detection of this disease. Here in, we have developed for the first time, an aptasensor based on interferometric reflectance spectroscopy (IRS) for the determination of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers that is an Alzheimer's disease biomarker. For this purpose, the nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) was first fabricated. After that, the pore walls of the NAA were modified with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (NAA-NH2). The amino-terminal aptamers probe were then attached to the pore walls of the NAA-NH2 by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as the cross-linking agent. Subsequently, methylene blue (MB) was immobilized into the aptamer as the photo-probe, generating the MB/G-quadruplex complex. Since MB has a high absorption coefficient, the intensity of the reflected white light to the charge-coupled device (CCD) detector decreased. In the presence of the Aβ oligomers that have high affinity to the immobilized aptamer, the MB/quadruplex complex broke and MB washed away from the aptasensor. Therefore, the intensity of the reflected white light to the CCD detector increased. The increased signal intensity of the aptasensor has a logarithmic relationship with the concentration of Aβ oligomers. The proposed aptasensor exhibited a good response to the concentration of Aβ oligomers in the range of 0.5-50.0 μg × mL-1. The experimental detection limit was of 0.02 μg × mL-1 (at 3σ/S). The proposed optical aptasensor exhibited good selectivity, linear range, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Amouzadeh Tabrizi
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Eléctrica y Automática, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Acosta LK, Bertó-Roselló F, Xifre-Perez E, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Stacked Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Gradient-Index Filters with Tunable Multispectral Photonic Stopbands as Sensing Platforms. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:3360-3371. [PMID: 30590008 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the development and optical engineering of stacked nanoporous anodic alumina gradient-index (NAA-GIFs) filters with tunable multispectral photonic stopbands for sensing applications. The structure of these photonic crystals (PC) is formed by stacked layers of NAA produced with sinusoidally modified effective medium. The progressive modification of the sinusoidal period during the anodization process enables the generation and precise tuning of the characteristic photonic stopbands (PSB) (i.e., one per sinusoidal period in the anodization profile) of these PC structures. Four types of NAA-GIFs featuring three distinctive PSBs positioned within the visible spectral region are developed. The sensitivity of the effective medium of these NAA-GIFs is systematically assessed by measuring spectral shifts in the characteristic PSBs upon infiltration of their nanoporous structure with analytical solutions of d-glucose with several concentrations (0.025-1 M). This study provides new insights into the intrinsic relationship between the nanoporous architecture of these PCs and their optical properties, generating opportunities to fabricate advanced optical sensing systems for high-throughput and multiplexed detection of analytes in a single sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Acosta
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Francesc Bertó-Roselló
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifre-Perez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP) , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia 5005 , Australia
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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Eckstein C, Acosta LK, Pol L, Xifré-Pérez E, Pallares J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Surface Modification by Electrostatic, Covalent, and Immune Complexation Binding Investigated by Capillary Filling. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:10571-10579. [PMID: 29509406 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fluid imbibition-coupled laser interferometry (FICLI) technique has been applied to detect and quantify surface changes and pore dimension variations in nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) structures. FICLI is a noninvasive optical technique that permits the determination of the NAA average pore radius with high accuracy. In this work, the technique is applied after each step of different surface modification paths of the NAA pores: (i) electrostatic immobilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA), (ii) covalent attachment of streptavidin via (3-aminipropyl)-triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde grafting, and (iii) immune complexation. Results show that BSA attachment can be detected as a reduction in estimated radius from FICLI with high accuracy and reproducibility. In the case of the covalent attachment of streptavidin, FICLI is able to recognize a multilayer formation of the silane and the protein. For immune complexation, the technique is able to detect different antibody-antigen bindings and distinguish different dynamics among different immune species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Eckstein
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Laura K Acosta
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Laura Pol
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Josep Pallares
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS) group, Avda. Països Catalans 26 , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
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Sánchez JG, Balderrama VS, Garduño SI, Osorio E, Viterisi A, Estrada M, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Impact of inkjet printed ZnO electron transport layer on the characteristics of polymer solar cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13094-13102. [PMID: 35542512 PMCID: PMC9079671 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01481g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that zinc oxide (ZnO) layers deposited by inkjet printing (IJP) can be successfully applied to the low-temperature fabrication of efficient inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs). The effects of ZnO layers deposited by IJP as electron transport layer (ETL) on the performance of i-PSCs based on PTB7-Th:PC70BM active layers are investigated. The morphology of the ZnO-IJP layers was analysed by AFM, and compared to that of ZnO layers deposited by different techniques. The study shows that the morphology of the ZnO underlayer has a dramatic effect on the band structure and non-geminate recombination kinetics of the active layer deposited on top of it. Charge carrier and transient photovoltage measurements show that non-geminate recombination is governed by deep trap states in devices made from ZnO-IJP while trapping is less significant for other types of ZnO. The power conversion efficiency of the devices made from ZnO-IJP is mostly limited by their slightly lower JSC, resulting from non-optimum photon conversion efficiency in the visible part of the solar spectrum. Despite these minor limitations their J–V characteristics compare very favourably with that of devices made from ZnO layer deposited using different techniques. In this paper, we demonstrate that zinc oxide (ZnO) layers deposited by inkjet printing (IJP) can be successfully applied to the low-temperature fabrication of efficient inverted polymer solar cells (i-PSCs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Sánchez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Víctor S. Balderrama
- Cátedra-CONACYT
- Center for Engineering and Industrial Development (CIDESI)
- Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Department (MEMS)
- 76125 Santiago de Querétaro
- México
| | - Salvador I. Garduño
- Cátedra-CONACYT
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-I.P.N)
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- México
| | - Edith Osorio
- Cátedra-CONACYT
- Universidad de Quintana Roo
- División de Ciencia e Ingeniería
- Chetumal
- México
| | - Aurelien Viterisi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Magali Estrada
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-I.P.N)
- 07360 Ciudad de México
- México
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica Elèctrica i Automàtica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Av. Països Catalans 26
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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Porta-I-Batalla M, Xifré-Pérez E, Eckstein C, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. 3D Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Structures for Sustained Drug Release. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2017; 7:E227. [PMID: 28825654 PMCID: PMC5575709 DOI: 10.3390/nano7080227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) for the development of drug delivery systems has gained much attention in recent years. The release of drugs loaded inside NAA pores is complex and depends on the morphology of the pores. In this study, NAA, with different three-dimensional (3D) pore structures (cylindrical pores with several pore diameters, multilayered nanofunnels, and multilayered inverted funnels) were fabricated, and their respective drug delivery rates were studied and modeled using doxorubicin as a model drug. The obtained results reveal optimal modeling of all 3D pore structures, differentiating two drug release stages. Thus, an initial short-term and a sustained long-term release were successfully modeled by the Higuchi and the Korsmeyer-Peppas equations, respectively. This study demonstrates the influence of pore geometries on drug release rates, and further presents a sustained long-term drug release that exceeds 60 days without an undesired initial burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Porta-I-Batalla
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Chris Eckstein
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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11
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Osorio E, Sánchez JG, Acquaroli LN, Pacio M, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Degradation Analysis of Encapsulated and Nonencapsulated TiO 2/PTB7:PC 70BM/V 2O 5 Solar Cells under Ambient Conditions via Impedance Spectroscopy. ACS Omega 2017; 2:3091-3097. [PMID: 31457641 PMCID: PMC6641627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inverted organic cells are promising devices for sustainable and low-cost future electric generation. In this work, we present the degradation mechanisms studied in ITO/TiO2/PTB7:PC70BM/V2O5/Ag inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) by impedance spectroscopy (IS). Measurements were performed on encapsulated (controlled environment) and nonencapsulated (ambient condition) cells following their temporal evolution under AM1.5 illumination for several voltage biases. From the impedance spectra, analyzed in terms of resistive/capacitive equivalent circuits, we were able to identify that the most sensitive layers inside of the device are contact layers. According with presented, IS technique is useful for determining the materials that have more influence on the degradation of organic solar cells. We demonstrate that IS is a powerful technique to identify the limiting mechanisms and to establish the limiting materials inside of the iOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Osorio
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José G. Sánchez
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Leandro N. Acquaroli
- Department
of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mauricio Pacio
- Centro
de Investigación en Dispositivos Semiconductores, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla CIDS-ICUAP, 14 sur and Av. San Claudio, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F. Marsal
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Bertó-Roselló F, Xifré-Pérez E, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous Anodic Alumina 3D FDTD Modelling for a Broad Range of Inter-pore Distances. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:359. [PMID: 27518230 PMCID: PMC4987547 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1575-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The capability of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method for the numerical modelling of the optical properties of nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) in a broad range of inter-pore distances is evaluated. FDTD permits taking into account in the same numerical framework all the structural features of NAA, such as the texturization of the interfaces or the incorporation of electrolyte anions in the aluminium oxide host. The evaluation is carried out by comparing reflectance measurements from two samples with two very different inter-pore distances with the simulation results. Results show that considering the texturization is crucial to obtain good agreement with the measurements. On the other hand, including the anionic layer in the model leads to a second-order contribution to the reflectance spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Bertó-Roselló
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Porta-I-Batalla M, Eckstein C, Xifré-Pérez E, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Sustained, Controlled and Stimuli-Responsive Drug Release Systems Based on Nanoporous Anodic Alumina with Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:372. [PMID: 27550052 PMCID: PMC4993726 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Controlled drug delivery systems are an encouraging solution to some drug disadvantages such as reduced solubility, deprived biodistribution, tissue damage, fast breakdown of the drug, cytotoxicity, or side effects. Self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina is an auspicious material for drug delivery due to its biocompatibility, stability, and controllable pore geometry. Its use in drug delivery applications has been explored in several fields, including therapeutic devices for bone and dental tissue engineering, coronary stent implants, and carriers for transplanted cells. In this work, we have created and analyzed a stimuli-responsive drug delivery system based on layer-by-layer pH-responsive polyelectrolyte and nanoporous anodic alumina. The results demonstrate that it is possible to control the drug release using a polyelectrolyte multilayer coating that will act as a gate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Porta-I-Batalla
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Chris Eckstein
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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14
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Eckstein C, Xifré-Pérez E, Porta-I-Batalla M, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Optical Monitoring of the Capillary Filling Dynamics Variation in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina toward Sensing Applications. Langmuir 2016; 32:10467-10472. [PMID: 27666416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluid imbibition-coupled laser interferometry (FICLI) is a technique in which the kinetics of a fluid infiltrating a nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) membrane is monitored by the interference of a laser beam at the membrane top and bottom surfaces. Further processing of the measured data results in an estimate of the pore radius. In this work, we study the accuracy of FICLI in the detection of small changes in pore radius, and we evaluate the possibility of using such detection as a sensing paradigm. The accuracy is estimated by measuring samples with increasing pore radius, obtained by successive wet etching steps, and repeatability is evaluated by using different liquids. For decreasing pore radius, samples obtained by the successive deposition of polyelectrolyte double layers are used. With the aim of evaluating the possibility of the FICLI method to sense biological binding events, BSA attachment detection is demonstrated by applying FICLI to samples before and after immobilization of the protein. Results show that the technique permits an accurate estimation of the pore radius, the pore-etching rate (with a radius variation of retch,DI = 1.05 nm/min ± 0.11 nm/min), and the polyelectrolyte double layer thickness (with a radius variation of rPAH/PSS = 3.2 nm ± 0.2 nm per polyelectrolyte double layer). Furthermore, the pore radius reduction measured after BSA immobilization (dBSA = 4.9 nm ± 1.1 nm) is in good agreement with the protein size, as reported in the literature. With these results, we provide a sound basis for the applicability of FICLI as a sensitive technique for the characterization of NAA pore radius modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Eckstein
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Porta-I-Batalla
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Balderrama VS, Albero J, Granero P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarés J, Palomares E, Marsal LF. Design, fabrication and charge recombination analysis of an interdigitated heterojunction nanomorphology in P3HT/PC(70)BM solar cells. Nanoscale 2015; 7:13848-59. [PMID: 26130048 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02429c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work interdigitated heterojunction photovoltaic devices were manufactured. A donor layer of P3HT nanopillars was fabricated by soft nanoimprinting using nanoporous anodic alumina templates. Subsequently, the PC70BM acceptor layer was deposited by spin coating on top of the P3HT nanopillars using a solvent that would not dissolve any of the previous material. Anisole solvent was used because it does not dissolve the bottom donor layer of nanopillars and provides a good wettability between the two materials. Charge extraction was used to determine the charge carrier densities n on the interdigitated heterojunction under operating conditions. Moreover, transient photovoltage measurements were used to find the recombination rate constant in combination with the charge carrier density. At the same time, the interdigitated structure was also compared with bulk heterojunction and bilayer solar cells manufactured with the same polymeric and fullerene materials in order to understand the recombination loss mechanisms in the ordered and disordered nanomorphologies of the active layers.
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Alba M, Formentin P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to silane-functionalized porous silicon: A comparison of electrostatic and covalent attachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 452:180-189. [PMID: 25942096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (pSi) is a prosperous biomaterial, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Obtaining regularly functionalized pSi surfaces is required in many biotechnology applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is useful for single-molecule studies due to its ability to attach to only one biomolecule. We investigate the functionalization of pSi with silane-PEG-NHS and compare it with two common grafting agents: APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as electrostatic linker, and APTMS modified with glutaraldehyde as covalent spacer. We show the arrangement of two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin) as a function of the functionalization and of the pore size. FTIR is used to demonstrate correct functionalization while fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more uniform protein distribution. Reflection interference spectroscopy (RIfS) is used to estimate the attachment of linker and proteins. The results open a way to obtain homogenous chemical modified silicon supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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Abstract
This study demonstrates how it is possible to tune the sensitivity of nanoporous anodic alumina optical biosensors by adjusting pore diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Macias
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - J. Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - J. Pallarès
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - L. F. Marsal
- Department of Electronic
- Electric and Automatics Engineering
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
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18
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Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. pH-responsive drug delivery system based on hollow silicon dioxide micropillars coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:411. [PMID: 25221455 PMCID: PMC4151279 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayer-coated hollow silicon dioxide micropillars as pH-responsive drug delivery systems. Silicon dioxide micropillars are based on macroporous silicon formed by electrochemical etching. Due to their hollow core capable of being loaded with chemically active agents, silicon dioxide micropillars provide additional function such as drug delivery system. The polyelectrolyte multilayer was assembled by the layer-by-layer technique based on the alternative deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolyte pair poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) exhibited pH-responsive properties for the loading and release of a positively charged drug doxorubicin. The drug release rate was observed to be higher at pH 5.2 compared to that at pH 7.4. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the number of polyelectrolyte bilayers on the drug release loading and release rate. Thus, this hybrid composite could be potentially applicable as a pH-controlled system for localized drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alba
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Hernández-Eguía LP, Ferré-Borrull J, Macias G, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Engineering optical properties of gold-coated nanoporous anodic alumina for biosensing. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:414. [PMID: 25177224 PMCID: PMC4146444 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect in the Fabry-Pérot optical interferences of nanoporous anodic alumina films coated with gold is studied as a function of the porosity and of the gold thickness by means of reflectance spectroscopy. Samples with porosities between 14 and 70% and gold thicknesses (10 and 20 nm) were considered. The sputtering of gold on the nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) films results in an increase of the fringe intensity of the oscillations in the spectra resulting from Fabry-Pérot interferences in the porous layer, with a reduction in the maximum reflectance in the UV-visible region. For the thicker gold layer, sharp valleys appear in the near-infrared (IR) range that can be useful for accurate spectral shift measurements in optical biosensing. A theoretical model for the optical behavior has also been proposed. The model shows a very good agreement with the experimental measurements, what makes it useful for design and optimization of devices based on this material. This material capability is enormous for using it as an accurate and sensitive optical sensor, since gold owns a well-known surface chemistry with certain molecules, most of them biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura P Hernández-Eguía
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Macias
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda dels Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Kumeria T, Rahman MM, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF, Losic D. Nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters for sensing of ionic mercury: toward environmental point-of-analysis systems. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:12971-12978. [PMID: 25003595 DOI: 10.1021/am502882d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an ultrasensitive, cost-competitive, and portable optical sensing system for detecting ionic mercury in environmental water. This analytical system combines structurally engineered and chemically modified nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters (NAA-RFs) with reflection spectroscopy (RfS). The sensing performance of the proposed system is assessed through several tests, establishing its sensing performance (i.e., linear working range from 1 to 100 μM of Hg(2+), low limit of detection 1 μM of Hg(2+) ions (i.e., 200 ppb), and sensitivity of 0.072 nm μM(-1)), chemical selectivity (i.e., exposure to different metal ions Co(2+), Mg(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Fe(3+), Ca(2+), Cr(6+), and Ag(+)) and metal ions binding mechanism (i.e., fitting to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models). Furthermore, the detection of Hg(2+) ions in tap and environmental water (River Torrens) is successfully carried out, demonstrating the suitability of this system for developing environmental point-of-analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Baranowska M, Slota AJ, Eravuchira PJ, Macias G, Xifré-Pérez E, Pallares J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Protein attachment to nanoporous anodic alumina for biotechnological applications: influence of pore size, protein size and functionalization path. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 122:375-383. [PMID: 25086305 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) is a material with great interest in nanotechnology and with promising applications to biotechnology. Obtaining specific and regularly functionalized NAA surfaces is essential to obtain meaningful results and applications. Silane-PEG-NHS (triethoxysilane-polyethylene-glycol-N-hydroxysuccinimide) is a covalent linker commonly used for single-molecule studies. We investigate the functionalization of NAA with silane-PEG-NHS and compared with two common, but not single-molecule, grafting agents, APTMS (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane) as an electrostatic linker, and APTMS-GTA (3-aminopropylotrimethoxysilane-glutaraldehyde) as covalent. Another outcome of this study is to show how two proteins (collagen and bovine serum albumin, BSA) with different properties differentially arrange for different functionalizations and NAA pore sizes. FTIR is used to demonstrate the surface modification steps and fluorescence confocal microscopy reveals that silane-PEG-NHS results in a more homogeneous protein distribution in comparison to the other linkers. Reflection interference Fourier transform spectroscopy confirms the confocal fluorescence microscopy results and permits to estimate the amounts of linker and linked proteins within the pores. These results permit to obtain uniformly chemical modified NAA supports with a great value in biosensing, drug delivery and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Baranowska
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Agata J Slota
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Pinkie J Eravuchira
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Gerard Macias
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Elisabet Xifré-Pérez
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallares
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat, Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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Qadri MU, Diaz AFD, Cittadini M, Martucci A, Pujol MC, Ferré-Borrull J, Llobet E, Aguiló M, Díaz F. Effect of Pt nanoparticles on the optical gas sensing properties of WO3 thin films. Sensors (Basel) 2014; 14:11427-43. [PMID: 24977386 PMCID: PMC4168484 DOI: 10.3390/s140711427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of tungsten trioxide were deposited on quartz substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. Different annealing temperatures in the range from 423 to 973 K were used under ambient atmosphere. The influence of the annealing temperature on the structure and optical properties of the resulting WO3 thin films were studied. The surface morphology of the films is composed of grains with an average size near 70 nm for the films annealed between 773 and 973 K. Some of the WO3 thin films were also coated with Pt nanoparticles of about 45 nm in size. Spectrometric measurements of transmittance were carried out for both types of WO3 samples in the wavelength range from 200-900 nm, to determine the effect of the exposure to two different gases namely H2 and CO. Films showed fast response and recovery times, in the range of few seconds. The addition of Pt nanoparticles enables reducing the operation temperature to room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U Qadri
- Cristal·lografía de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel·í Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Alex Fabian Diaz Diaz
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale,Universita' di Padova,Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Michaela Cittadini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale,Universita' di Padova,Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Martucci
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale,Universita' di Padova,Via Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Maria Cinta Pujol
- Cristal·lografía de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel·í Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Dept. d'Enginyeria Electronica i Automatica-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel·í Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Eduard Llobet
- Microsystems and nanotechnologies for chemical analysis (MINOS-EMaS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel·í Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Aguiló
- Cristal·lografía de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel·í Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Francesc Díaz
- Cristal·lografía de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, (URV), Campus Sescelades, c/Marcel·í Domingo s/n, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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Kumeria T, Rahman MM, Santos A, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF, Losic D. Structural and optical nanoengineering of nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters for real-time and label-free biosensing applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1837-44. [PMID: 24417182 DOI: 10.1021/ac500069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report about the structural engineering and optical optimization of nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters (NAA-RFs) for real-time and label-free biosensing applications. Structurally engineered NAA-RFs are combined with reflection spectroscopy (RfS) in order to develop a biosensing system based on the position shift of the characteristic peak in the reflection spectrum of NAA-RFs (Δλpeak). This system is optimized and assessed by measuring shifts in the characteristic peak position produced by small changes in the effective medium (i.e., refractive index). To this end, NAA-RFs are filled with different solutions of d-glucose, and the Δλpeak is measured in real time by RfS. These results are validated by a theoretical model (i.e., the Looyenga-Landau-Lifshitz model), demonstrating that the control over the nanoporous structure makes it possible to optimize optical signals in RfS for sensing purposes. The linear range of these optical sensors ranges from 0.01 to 1.00 M, with a low detection limit of 0.01 M of d-glucose (i.e., 1.80 ppm), a sensitivity of 4.93 nm M(-1) (i.e., 164 nm per refractive index units), and a linearity of 0.998. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the proposed system combining NAA-RFs with RfS has outstanding capabilities to develop ultrasensitive, portable, and cost-competitive optical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumeria
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide , Engineering North Building, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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Macias G, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. 1-D nanoporous anodic alumina rugate filters by means of small current variations for real-time sensing applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:315. [PMID: 25024680 PMCID: PMC4082282 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A rugate filter based on nanoporous anodic alumina was fabricated using an innovative sinusoidal current profile with small current variation. The resulting structure consisted of highly parallel pores with modulations of the pore diameter along the pore axis and with no branching. The effect of the period time and the pore widening post-treatment was studied. From reflectance measurements, it was seen that the position of the reflection band can be tuned by adjusting the period time and the width by pore-widening post-treatments. We tested one of the rugate filters by infiltrating the structure with EtOH and water in order to evaluate its sensing capabilities. This method allows the fabrication of complex in-depth modulated nanoporous anodic alumina structures that open up the possibility of new kinds of alumina-based optical sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Macias
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda, Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Alba M, Romano E, Formentín P, Eravuchira PJ, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Selective dual-side functionalization of hollow SiO2 micropillar arrays for biotechnological applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra48062c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Ferré-Borrull J, Rahman MM, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tuning nanoporous anodic alumina distributed-Bragg reflectors with the number of anodization cycles and the anodization temperature. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:416. [PMID: 25177225 PMCID: PMC4147935 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the anodization temperature and of the number of applied voltage cycles on the photonic properties of nanoporous anodic alumina-based distributed-Bragg reflectors obtained by cyclic voltage anodization is analyzed. Furthermore, the possibility of tuning the stop band central wavelength with a pore-widening treatment after anodization and its combined effect with temperature has been studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and spectroscopic transmittance measurements. The spectra for samples measured right after anodization show irregular stop bands, which become better defined with the pore widening process. The results show that with 50 applied voltage cycles, stop bands are obtained and that increasing the number of cycles contributes to enhancing the photonic stop bands (specially for the case of the as-produced samples) but at the expense of increased scattering losses. The anodization temperature is a crucial factor in the tuning of the photonic stop bands, with a linear rate of 42 nm/°C. The pore widening permits further tuning to reach stop bands with central wavelengths as low as 500 nm. Furthermore, the results also show that applying different anodization temperatures does not have a great influence in the pore-widening rate or in the photonic stop band width.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatics Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona 43007, Spain
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Rahman MM, Marsal LF, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J. Tuning the photonic stop bands of nanoporous anodic alumina-based distributed bragg reflectors by pore widening. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:13375-81. [PMID: 24283602 DOI: 10.1021/am4043118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A distributed Bragg reflector based on nanoporous anodic alumina was fabricated using an innovative cyclic anodization voltage approach, which resulted in an in-depth modulation of the pore geometry and the refractive index. The effect of a pore-widening wet-etching step on the structure's photonic stop-band properties was studied. From transmittance measurements, it was shown that by changing the pore-widening time it is possible to modulate the photonic stop band in the range of visible to near infrared. With the help of a theoretical model, we were able to obtain information about the evolution with the pore widening of the material effective refractive indexes. This opens the possibility of obtaining several optoelectronic devices based on nanoporous anodic alumina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Macias G, Hernández-Eguía LP, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallares J, Marsal LF. Gold-coated ordered nanoporous anodic alumina bilayers for future label-free interferometric biosensors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:8093-8. [PMID: 23910449 DOI: 10.1021/am4020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A cost-effective label-free optical biosensor based on gold-coated self-ordered nanoporous anodic alumina bilayers is presented. The structure is formed by two uniform nanoporous layers of different porosity (i.e., a top layer with large pores and a bottom layer with smaller pores). Each layer presents uniform pore size, regular pore distribution, and regular diameter along its pore length. To increase and improve the output sensing signals, a thin gold layer on the top surface was deposited. The gold layer increases the refractive index contrast between the nanoporous alumina layer and the analytical aqueous solution, and it results in a greater contrast in the interferometric spectrum and a higher sensitivity of the structure. From this structurally engineered architecture, the resulting reflectivity spectrum shows a complex series of Fabry-Pérot interference fringes, which was analyzed by the reflective interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy (RIFTS) method. To determine the performance of this structure for biosensing applications, we tested bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the target protein. The results show a significant enhancement of the RIFTS peak intensity and position when a gold layer is on the top surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Macias
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, ETSE, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Alba M, Pazos-Perez N, Vaz B, Formentin P, Tebbe M, Correa-Duarte MA, Granero P, Ferré-Borrull J, Alvarez R, Pallares J, Fery A, de Lera AR, Marsal LF, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Innenrücktitelbild: Macroscale Plasmonic Substrates for Highly Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (Angew. Chem. 25/2013). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201304231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alba M, Pazos-Perez N, Vaz B, Formentin P, Tebbe M, Correa-Duarte MA, Granero P, Ferré-Borrull J, Alvarez R, Pallares J, Fery A, de Lera AR, Marsal LF, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Inside Back Cover: Macroscale Plasmonic Substrates for Highly Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 25/2013). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201304231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alba M, Pazos-Perez N, Vaz B, Formentin P, Tebbe M, Correa-Duarte MA, Granero P, Ferré-Borrull J, Alvarez R, Pallares J, Fery A, de Lera AR, Marsal LF, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Macroscale Plasmonic Substrates for Highly Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Alba M, Pazos-Perez N, Vaz B, Formentin P, Tebbe M, Correa-Duarte MA, Granero P, Ferré-Borrull J, Alvarez R, Pallares J, Fery A, de Lera AR, Marsal LF, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Macroscale plasmonic substrates for highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6459-63. [PMID: 23630080 PMCID: PMC3749443 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alba
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Rahman MM, Garcia-Caurel E, Santos A, Marsal LF, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J. Effect of the anodization voltage on the pore-widening rate of nanoporous anodic alumina. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:474. [PMID: 22916731 PMCID: PMC3460793 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the pore-widening rate of nanoporous anodic alumina layers as a function of the anodization voltage was carried out. The study focuses on samples produced under the same electrolyte and concentration but different anodization voltages within the self-ordering regime. By means of ellipsometry-based optical characterization, it is shown that in the pore-widening process, the porosity increases at a faster rate for lower anodization voltages. This opens the possibility of obtaining three-dimensional nanostructured nanoporous anodic alumina with controlled thickness and refractive index of each layer, and with a refractive index difference of up to 0.24 between layers, for samples produced with oxalic acid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | | | - Abel Santos
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Nano-electronic and Photonic Systems (NePhoS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Paisos Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Santos A, Macías G, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Photoluminescent enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:3584-8. [PMID: 22734648 DOI: 10.1021/am300648j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a smart enzymatic sensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) and its photoluminescence (PL) in the UV-visible range. The as-produced structure of NAA is functionalized and activated in order to perform the enzyme immobilization in a controlled manner. The whole process is monitored through the PL spectrum and each stage is characterized by an exclusive barcode, which is associated with the PL oscillations. This characteristic property allows us to calculate the change in the effective optical thickness that takes place after each stage. This makes it possible to accurately detect and quantify the immobilized enzyme within the NAA structure. Finally, the NAA geometry (i.e., the pore length and its diameter) is optimized to improve the enzyme immobilization and its detection inside the pores. This enzymatic sensor can give quick and accurate measurements of enzyme levels, what is crucial in clinical enzymology to prevent and detect diseases at their primary stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Avenida Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tunable Fabry-Pérot interferometer based on nanoporous anodic alumina for optical biosensing purposes. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:370. [PMID: 22759928 PMCID: PMC3413587 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a systematic study about the effect of the pore length and its diameter on the specular reflection in nanoporous anodic alumina. As we demonstrate, the specular reflection can be controlled at will by structural tuning (i.e., by designing the pore geometry). This makes it possible to produce a wide range of Fabry-Pérot interferometers based on nanoporous anodic alumina, which are envisaged for developing smart and accurate optical sensors in such research fields as biotechnology and medicine. Additionally, to systematize the responsiveness to external changes in optical sensors based on nanoporous anodic alumina, we put forward a barcode system based on the oscillations in the specular reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Victor S Balderrama
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - María Alba
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluís F Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Santos A, Alba M, Rahman MM, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Structural tuning of photoluminescence in nanoporous anodic alumina by hard anodization in oxalic and malonic acids. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:228. [PMID: 22515214 PMCID: PMC3413565 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on an exhaustive and systematic study about the photoluminescent properties of nanoporous anodic alumina membranes fabricated by the one-step anodization process under hard conditions in oxalic and malonic acids. This optical property is analysed as a function of several parameters (i.e. hard anodization voltage, pore diameter, membrane thickness, annealing temperature and acid electrolyte). This analysis makes it possible to tune the photoluminescent behaviour at will simply by modifying the structural characteristics of these membranes. This structural tuning ability is of special interest in such fields as optoelectronics, in which an accurate design of the basic nanostructures (e.g. microcavities, resonators, filters, supports, etc.) yields the control over their optical properties and, thus, upon the performance of the nanodevices derived from them (biosensors, interferometers, selective filters, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Maria Alba
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Mahbubur M Rahman
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Pilar Formentín
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Josep Pallarès
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
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Santos A, Balderrama VS, Alba M, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Nanoporous anodic alumina barcodes: toward smart optical biosensors. Adv Mater 2012; 24:1050-4. [PMID: 22266815 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Toward a smart optical biosensor based on nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA): by modifying the pore geometry in nanoporous anodic alumina we are able to change the effective medium at will and tune the photoluminescence of NAA. The oscillations in the PL spectrum are converted into exclusive barcodes, which are useful for developing optical biomedical sensors in the UV-Visible region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Montero-Moreno JM, Bachmann J, Nielsch K, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Understanding pore rearrangement during mild to hard transition in bilayered porous anodic alumina membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2011; 3:1925-1932. [PMID: 21539376 DOI: 10.1021/am200139k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study about the influence of the main anodization parameters (i.e., anodization voltage ramp and hard anodization voltage) on the pore rearrangement in nanoporous anodic alumina during mild to hard anodization regime transition. To cover the ranges between mild and hard regimes, the anodization parameters were each set to three levels (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 V s(-1) for the anodization voltage ramp and 80, 110, and 140 V for the hard anodization voltage). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first rigorous study about this phenomenon, which is quantified indirectly by means of a nickel electrodeposition. It is found that pore rearrangement takes place in a relatively random manner. Large areas of pores remain blocked when the anodization regime changes from mild to hard and, under certain anodization conditions, a pore branching takes place based on the self-ordering mechanism at work during anodization. Furthermore, it is statistically demonstrated by means of a design of experiments strategy that the effect of the anodization voltage ramp on the pore rearrangement is practically negligible in contrast to the hard anodization voltage effect. It is expected that this study gives a better understanding of structural changes in nanoporous anodic alumina when anodization is switched from mild to hard regime. Furthermore, the resulting nanostructures could be used to develop a wide range of nanodevices (e.g., waveguides, 1D photonic crystals, Fabry-Pérot interferometers, hybrid mosaic arrays of nanowires).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Santos
- Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Santos A, Formentín P, Pallarès J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Structural engineering of nanoporous anodic alumina funnels with high aspect ratio. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rahman MM, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Photonic stop bands of two-dimensional quasi-random structures based on macroporous silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cos J, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarès J, Marsal LF. Tunable waveguides based on liquid crystal-infiltrated silicon photonic crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ferré-Borrull J, Garcia-Caurel E, Olaizola S, Kral Z, Pallarès J, Marsal L. Characterization of photonic structures using visible and infrared polarimetry. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100502002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Palacios R, Formentín P, Ferré-Borrull J, Pallarés J, Marsal LF. Polymer nanopillars using self-ordered nanoporous alumina templates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200881057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Santos A, Vojkuvka L, Pallarés J, Ferré-Borrull J, Marsal LF. Cobalt and Nickel Nanopillars on Aluminium Substrates by Direct Current Electrodeposition Process. Nanoscale Res Lett 2009; 4:1021-1028. [PMID: 20596338 PMCID: PMC2894324 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-009-9351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A fast and cost-effective technique is applied for fabricating cobalt and nickel nanopillars on aluminium substrates. By applying an electrochemical process, the aluminium oxide barrier layer is removed from the pore bottom tips of nanoporous anodic alumina templates. So, cobalt and nickel nanopillars are fabricated into these templates by DC electrodeposition. The resulting nanostructure remains on the aluminium substrate. In this way, this method could be used to fabricate a wide range of nanostructures which could be integrated in new nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - L Vojkuvka
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Pallarés
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - J Ferré-Borrull
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - LF Marsal
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Elèctrica i Automàtica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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Sancho-Parramon J, Ferré-Borrull J, Bosch S, Ferrara MC. Use of information on the manufacture of samples for the optical characterization of multilayers through a global optimization. Appl Opt 2003; 42:1325-1329. [PMID: 12638889 DOI: 10.1364/ao.42.001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a procedure for the optical characterization of thin-film stacks from spectrophotometric data. The procedure overcomes the intrinsic limitations arising in the numerical determination of many parameters from reflectance or transmittance spectra measurements. The key point is to use all the information available from the manufacturing process in a single global optimization process. The method is illustrated by a case study of solgel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sancho-Parramon
- Department Física Aplicada i Optica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Ristau D, Günster S, Bosch S, Duparré A, Masetti E, Ferré-Borrull J, Kiriakidis G, Peiró F, Quesnel E, Tikhonravov A. Ultraviolet optical and microstructural properties of MgF2 and LaF3 coatings deposited by ion-beam sputtering and boat and electron-beam evaporation. Appl Opt 2002; 41:3196-3204. [PMID: 12064402 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.003196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single layers of MgF2 and LaF3 were deposited upon superpolished fused-silica and CaF2 substrates by ion-beam sputtering (IBS) as well as by boat and electron beam (e-beam) evaporation and were characterized by a variety of complementary analytical techniques. Besides undergoing photometric and ellipsometric inspection, the samples were investigated at 193 and 633 nm by an optical scatter measurement facility. The structural properties were assessed with atomic-force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, TEM techniques that involved conventional thinning methods for the layers. For measurement of mechanical stress in the coatings, special silicon substrates were coated and analyzed. The dispersion behavior of both deposition materials, which was determined on the basis of various independent photometric measurements and data reduction techniques, is in good agreement with that published in the literature and with the bulk properties of the materials. The refractive indices of the MgF2 coatings ranged from 1.415 to 1.440 for the wavelength of the ArF excimer laser (193 nm) and from 1.435 to 1.465 for the wavelength of the F2 excimer laser (157 nm). For single layers of LaF3 the refractive indices extended from 1.67 to 1.70 at 193 nm to approximately 1.80 at 157 nm. The IBS process achieves the best homogeneity and the lowest surface roughness values (close to 1 nm(rms)) of the processes compared in the joint experiment. In contrast to MgF2 boat and e-beam evaporated coatings, which exhibit tensile mechanical stress ranging from 300 to 400 MPa, IBS coatings exhibit high compressive stress of as much as 910 MPa. A similar tendency was found for coating stress in LaF3 single layers. Experimental results are discussed with respect to the microstructural and compositional properties as well as to the surface topography of the coatings.
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Ferré-Borrull J, Steinert J, Duparré A. Extending the capabilities of scanning probe microscopy for microroughness analysis in surface engineering. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ferré-Borrull J, Duparre A, Quesnel E. Procedure to characterize microroughness of optical thin films: application to ion-beam-sputtered vacuum-ultraviolet coatings. Appl Opt 2001; 40:2190-2199. [PMID: 18357227 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.002190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A method for characterizing the microroughness of samples in optical coating technology is developed. Measurements over different spatial-frequency ranges are composed into a single power spectral density (PSD) covering a large bandwidth. This is followed by the extraction of characteristic parameters through fitting of the PSD to a suitable combination of theoretical models. The method allows us to combine microroughness measurements performed with different techniques, and the fitting procedure can be adapted to any behavior of a combined PSD. The method has been applied to a set of ion-beam-sputtered fluoride vacuum-UV coatings with increasing number of alternative low- and high-index layers. Conclusions about roughness development and microstructural growth are drawn.
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Bosch S, Ferré-Borrull J. Geometrical-numerical approach to diffraction phenomena. Opt Lett 2001; 26:181-183. [PMID: 18033540 DOI: 10.1364/ol.26.000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The calculation of diffracted fields is considered by means of a geometrical analysis of the incoming wave into semiperiodic zones in the aperture plane, followed by a numerical process for addition of the contributions corresponding to the semiperiodic zones. This general approach constitutes a novel interpretation of diffraction phenomena that permits exact evaluation of the mathematical expressions of diffraction theory and overcomes the limitations of any approximation. The method is illustrated by analysis of two important configuration in optics: the pinhole camera, for which we deduce the optimum radius for imaging, and the diffraction of a spherical converging wave through a circular aperture, from which we determine the limit of the validity of the Fraunhofer approximation (i.e., of the Airy pattern) and the influence of the obliquity factor.
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Ferré-Borrull J, Duparré A, Quesnel E. Roughness and Light Scattering of Ion-Beam-Sputtered Fluoride Coatings for 193 nm. Appl Opt 2000; 39:5854-5864. [PMID: 18354589 DOI: 10.1364/ao.39.005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Scattering characteristics of multilayer fluoride coatings for 193 nm deposited by ion beam sputtering and the related interfacial roughnesses are investigated. Quarter- and half-wave stacks of MgF(2) and LaF(3) with increasing thickness are deposited onto CaF(2) and fused silica and are systematically characterized. Roughness measurements carried out by atomic force microscopy reveal the evolution of the power spectral densities of the interfaces with coating thickness. Backward-scattering measurements are presented, and the results are compared with theoretical predictions that use different models for the statistical correlation of interfacial roughnesses.
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