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Siermann M, Visser M, Schrijvers A, Mochtar M, Gerrits T. 'Doing' kinship: heterosexual parents' experiences of non-genetic parenthood through donor conception. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:210-218. [PMID: 36270931 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION How do Dutch heterosexual parents who achieved parenthood through donor conception navigate non-genetic parenthood and kinship? DESIGN A qualitative in-depth semi-structured interview study was performed between September 2018 and January 2019 with both partners of 13 Dutch heterosexual couples where the male partner suffered from infertility and who conceived a child with the help of a sperm donor. Interview questions were based on literature and clinical experiences of experts in the field of donor conception. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS All parents navigated non-genetic parenthood through 'doing' kinship: they negotiated the importance of nature versus nurture with regards to donor conception and non-genetic parenthood. Most parents perceived genetics as irrelevant for experiencing parenthood, bonding with their children and the preferred role of the donor in their future lives. Yet most of them found genetics relevant for generating similarities between the father and the child, and for wanting the same donor for all their children to ensure a full genetic relation among them. Additionally, based on the donor's genetic bond with the child, some men were anxious about the donor's role in the child's future life and the consequences for their position as a non-genetic father. A few women perceived genetics as relevant in terms of possible inherited illnesses from the donor. CONCLUSIONS Parents experienced several ambiguities regarding the role of genetics in donor conception and navigated 'doing' kinship in various ways. These aspects need to be taken into consideration during the counselling of prospective parents planning to conceive with donor conception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siermann
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Present address: Centre for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Marja Visser
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Schrijvers
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Mochtar
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trudie Gerrits
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
What shapes would-be parents' choices of gamete donors for third-party IVF? Following extensive ethnographic fieldwork in South African fertility clinics and egg donor agencies, I explore the work of donor matching, a process in which translational figures mediate patient desires, donor biography and corporeality, and racial imaginaries to assist would-be parents. In doing so, these figures, or "matchers," draw upon both historical schemas and novel articulations to enact race, and certain forms of whiteness. I describe this through the concept of "curature," a post-apartheid technology of racialization that reflects a neoliberal shift to privatized sites of power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Moll
- Department of African and Gender Studies, Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hodson N, Bewley S. Abuse in assisted reproductive technology: A systematic qualitative review and typology. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 238:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kaya Şenol D, Dereli Yılmaz S, Demirgöz Bal M, Kızılkaya Beji N, Çalışkan S, Urman B. Türk insanının oosit ve sperm bağışı hakkındaki görüşleri. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.438226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Hershberger PE, Driessnack M, Kavanaugh K, Klock SC. Oocyte donation disclosure decisions: a longitudinal follow-up at middle childhood. HUM FERTIL 2019; 24:31-45. [PMID: 30724630 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2019.1567945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have captured oocyte donation (OD) parents' decision processes about intended and actual disclosure over time. Likewise, OD children's perceptions about their family composition during middle childhood are underexplored. To address these gaps, a longitudinally followed cohort of OD recipient families was invited to participate in a qualitative, follow-up study. With an 86% response rate after 12 years, families were composed of oocyte recipient mothers (n = 6) and biological fathers (n = 6) representing 12 donor-oocyte conceived children (10.33 ± 1.23 years; mean ± SD). Of the 12 children, two that were aware and two that were unaware of their conceptual origins completed conversational interviews. Only one family in the initial cohort had disclosed OD to their children by the 12-year follow-up, despite 43% of parents intending to disclose and another 43% undecided about disclosure during pregnancy. Four parental disclosure patterns emerged at 12 years: (i) wanting to disclose; (ii) conflicted about disclosure; (iii) not planning to disclose; and (iv) having disclosed. Children that were unaware of their conceptual origins displayed no knowledge of their method of conception. There is a need for family-centric interventions to assist 'wanting to disclose' parents in their disclosure process and 'conflicted about disclosure' parents in their decision-making process post-OD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Hershberger
- Department of Health Systems Science, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martha Driessnack
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Karen Kavanaugh
- Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan C Klock
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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de Melo-Martín I, Rubin LR, Cholst IN. "I want us to be a normal family": Toward an understanding of the functions of anonymity among U.S. oocyte donors and recipients. AJOB Empir Bioeth 2018; 9:235-251. [PMID: 30398412 DOI: 10.1080/23294515.2018.1528308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anonymity remains the more common practice in gamete donations, but legislation prohibiting anonymity with a goal of protecting donor-conceived children's right to know their genetic origins is becoming more common. However, given the dearth of research investigating the function of anonymity for donors and recipients, it is unclear whether these policies will accomplish their goals. The aim of this study was to explore experiences with anonymity among oocyte donors and recipients who participated in an anonymous donor oocyte program and to understand the ways in which anonymity functions for them. METHODS Semistructured interviews were conducted with 50 women: 28 oocyte donors and 22 recipients who were recruited from an academic center for reproductive medicine in the United States. RESULTS Donors and recipients view anonymity both as a mechanism to protect the interests of all parties (recipients, donors, and donor-conceived children) and as a point of conflict. Specifically, three key areas were identified where both donors and recipients saw anonymity as having an important role: relieving anxieties about family structures and obligations; protecting their interests and those of donor-conceived children (while acknowledging where interests conflict); and managing the future. CONCLUSION As gamete donation increasingly moves away from the practice of anonymity, examining why anonymity matters to stakeholders will be helpful in devising strategies to successfully implement identity-release options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa R Rubin
- b Department of Psychology , New School for Social Research
| | - Ina N Cholst
- c The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College
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7
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Kool EM, Bos AME, van der Graaf R, Fauser BCJM, Bredenoord AL. Ethics of oocyte banking for third-party assisted reproduction: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24:615-635. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E M Kool
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A M E Bos
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B C J M Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A L Bredenoord
- Department of Medical Humanities, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Camporesi S. Rearranging Deck Chairs on a Sinking Ship? : Some Reflections on Ethics and Reproduction Looking Back at 2017 and Ahead at 2018. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2018; 15:7-13. [PMID: 29374386 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-018-9840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Camporesi
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, UK.
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9
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Rich LE. Prestidigitation vs. Public Trust: Or How We Can Learn to Change the Conversation and Prevent Powers From "Organizing the Discontent". JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2017; 14:1-6. [PMID: 28205104 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-017-9769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh E Rich
- Department of Health Sciences (Health Services Administration), Armstrong State University, 11935 Abercorn Street, University Hall 154F, Savannah, GA, 31419, USA.
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Camporesi S, Vaccarella M, Davis M. Investigating Public trust in Expert Knowledge: Narrative, Ethics, and Engagement. JOURNAL OF BIOETHICAL INQUIRY 2017; 14:23-30. [PMID: 28144901 PMCID: PMC5340832 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-016-9767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
"Public Trust in Expert Knowledge: Narrative, Ethics, and Engagement" examines the social, cultural, and ethical ramifications of changing public trust in the expert biomedical knowledge systems of emergent and complex global societies. This symposium was conceived as an interdisciplinary project, drawing on bioethics, the social sciences, and the medical humanities. We settled on public trust as a topic for our work together because its problematization cuts across our fields and substantive research interests. For us, trust is simultaneously a matter of ethics, social relations, and the cultural organization of meaning. We share a commitment to narrative inquiry across our fields of expertise in the bioethics of transformative health technologies, public communications on health threats, and narrative medicine. The contributions to this symposium have applied, in different ways and with different effects, this interdisciplinary mode of inquiry, supplying new reflections on public trust, expertise, and biomedical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Camporesi
- Bioethics and Society, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King’s College London, WC2R 2LS London, UK
| | - Maria Vaccarella
- Medical Humanities, Department of English, University of Bristol, 3-5 Woodland Road, Clifton, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Davis
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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