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Del Popolo Cristaldi F, Buodo G, Gambarota F, Oosterwijk S, Mento G. How previous experience shapes future affective subjective ratings: A follow-up study investigating implicit learning and cue ambiguity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297954. [PMID: 38335190 PMCID: PMC10857730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
People use their previous experience to predict future affective events. Since we live in ever-changing environments, affective predictions must generalize from past contexts (from which they may be implicitly learned) to new, potentially ambiguous contexts. This study investigated how past (un)certain relationships influence subjective experience following new ambiguous cues, and whether past relationships can be learned implicitly. Two S1-S2 paradigms were employed as learning and test phases in two experiments. S1s were colored circles, S2s negative or neutral affective pictures. Participants (Experiment 1 N = 121, Experiment 2 N = 116) were assigned to the certain (CG) or uncertain group (UG), and they were presented with 100% (CG) or 50% (UG) S1-S2 congruency during an uninstructed (Experiment 1) or implicit (Experiment 2) learning phase. During the test phase both groups were presented with a new 75% S1-S2 paradigm, and ambiguous (Experiment 1) or unambiguous (Experiment 2) S1s. Participants were asked to rate the expected valence of upcoming S2s (expectancy ratings), or their experienced valence and arousal (valence and arousal ratings). In Experiment 1 ambiguous cues elicited less negative expectancy ratings, and less unpleasant valence ratings, independently of prior experience. In Experiment 2, both groups showed similar expectancies, predicting upcoming pictures' valence according to the 75% contingencies of the test phase. Overall, we found that in the presence of ambiguous cues subjective affective experience is dampened, and that implicit previous experience does not emerge at the subjective level by significantly shaping reported affective experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Suzanne Oosterwijk
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Centre (ABC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Mento
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
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2
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Dang Q, Ma F, Yuan Q, Fu Y, Chen K, Zhang Z, Lu C, Guo T. Processing negative emotion in two languages of bilinguals: Accommodation and assimilation of the neural pathways based on a meta-analysis. Cereb Cortex 2023:7133665. [PMID: 37083264 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have examined the neural mechanisms of negative emotional words, but scarce evidence is available for the interactions among related brain regions from the functional brain connectivity perspective. Moreover, few studies have addressed the neural networks for negative word processing in bilinguals. To fill this gap, the current study examined the brain networks for processing negative words in the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) with Chinese-English bilinguals. To identify objective indicators associated with negative word processing, we first conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis on contrasts between negative and neutral words (including 32 contrasts from 1589 participants) using the activation likelihood estimation method. Results showed that the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), the left amygdala, the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and the left thalamus were involved in processing negative words. Next, these six clusters were used as regions of interest in effective connectivity analyses using extended unified structural equation modeling to pinpoint the brain networks for bilingual negative word processing. Brain network results revealed two pathways for negative word processing in L1: a dorsal pathway consisting of the left IFG, the left mPFC, and the left PCC, and a ventral pathway involving the left amygdala, the left ITG, and the left thalamus. We further investigated the similarity and difference between brain networks for negative word processing in L1 and L2. The findings revealed similarities in the dorsal pathway, as well as differences primarily in the ventral pathway, indicating both neural assimilation and accommodation across processing negative emotion in two languages of bilinguals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinpu Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fengyang Ma
- School of Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Qiming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yongben Fu
- The Psychological Education and Counseling Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Keyue Chen
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Taomei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Magal N, Hendler T, Admon R. Is neuroticism really bad for you? Dynamics in personality and limbic reactivity prior to, during and following real-life combat stress. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100361. [PMID: 34286052 PMCID: PMC8274340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The personality trait of neuroticism is considered a risk factor for stress vulnerability, putatively via its association with elevated limbic reactivity. Nevertheless, majority of evidence to date that relates neuroticism, neural reactivity and stress vulnerability stems from cross-sectional studies conducted in a “stress-free” environment. Here, using a unique prospective longitudinal design, we assessed personality, stress-related symptoms and neural reactivity at three time points over the course of four and a half years; accounting for prior to, during, and long-time following a stressful military service that included active combat. Results revealed that despite exposure to multiple potentiality traumatic events, majority of soldiers exhibited none-to-mild levels of posttraumatic and depressive symptoms during and following their military service. In contrast, a quadratic pattern of change in personality emerged overtime, with neuroticism being the only personality trait to increase during stressful military service and subsequently decrease following discharge. Elevated neuroticism during military service was associated with reduced amygdala and hippocampus activation in response to stress-related content, and this association was also reversed following discharge. A similar pattern was found between neuroticism and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) functional connectivity in response to stress-related content. Taken together these findings suggest that stressful military service at young adulthood may yield a temporary increase in neuroticism mediated by a temporary decrease in limbic reactivity, with both effects being reversed long-time following discharge. Considering that participants exhibited low levels of stress-related symptoms throughout the study period, these dynamic patterns may depict behavioral and neural mechanisms that facilitate stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Magal
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Tel-Aviv Center for Brain Function, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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4
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Rejer I, Cieszyński Ł. RVEB—An algorithm for recognizing voluntary eye blinks based on the signal recorded from prefrontal EEG channels. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Jenks SK, Zhang S, Li CSR, Hu S. Threat bias and resting state functional connectivity of the amygdala and bed nucleus stria terminalis. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 122:54-63. [PMID: 31927266 PMCID: PMC7010552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has distinguished the activations of the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) during threat-related contingencies. However, how intrinsic connectivities of the amygdala and BNST relate to threat bias remains unclear. Here, we investigated how resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the amygdala and BNST in healthy controls (HC) and patients with anxiety-related disorders (PAD) associate with threat bias in a dot-probe task. METHODS Imaging and behavioral data of 30 PAD and 83 HC were obtained from the Nathan Kline Institute - Rockland sample and processed according to published routines. All imaging results were evaluated at voxel p < 0.001 and cluster p < 0.05, FWE corrected in SPM. RESULTS PAD and HC did not show differences in whole brain rsFC with either the amygdala or BNST. In linear regressions threat bias was positively correlated with amygdala-thalamus/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) rsFC in HC but not PAD, and with BNST-caudate rsFC in PAD but not HC. Slope tests confirmed group differences in the correlations between threat bias and amygdala-thalamus/ACC as well as BNST-caudate rsFC. LIMITATIONS As only half of the patients included were diagnosed with comorbid anxiety, the current findings need to be considered with the clinical heterogeneity and require replication in populations specifically with anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest amygdala and BNST connectivities as new neural markers of anxiety disorders. Whereas amygdala-thalamus/ACC rsFC support adaptive regulation of threat response in the HC, BNST-caudate rsFC may reflect maladaptive neural processes that are dominated by anticipatory anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Jenks
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Chiang-shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA.
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Ciorciari J, Gountas J, Johnston P, Crewther D, Hughes M. A Neuroimaging Study of Personality Traits and Self-Reflection. Behav Sci (Basel) 2019; 9:bs9110112. [PMID: 31694206 PMCID: PMC6912258 DOI: 10.3390/bs9110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation of the brain associated with the four distinctive thinking styles associated with the four personality orientations of the Gountas Personality Orientations (GPO) survey: Emotion/Feeling-Action, Material/Pragmatic, Intuitive/Imaginative, and Thinking/Logical. The theoretical postulation is that each of the four personality orientations has a dominant (primary) thinking style and a shadow (secondary) thinking style/trait. The participants (N = 40) were initially surveyed to determine their dominant (primary) and secondary thinking styles. Based on participant responses, equal numbers of each dominant thinking style were selected for neuroimaging using a unique fMRI cognitive activation paradigm. The neuroimaging data support the general theoretical hypothesis of the existence of four different BOLD activation patterns, associated with each of the four thinking styles. The fMRI data analysis suggests that each thinking style may have its own cognitive activation system, involving the frontal ventromedial, posterior medial, parietal, motor, and orbitofrontal cortex. The data also suggest that there is a left hemisphere relationship for the Material/Pragmatic and Thinking/Logical styles and a right activation relationship for Emotional/Feeling and Intuitive/Imaginative styles. Additionally, the unique self-reflection paradigm demonstrated that perception of self or self-image, may be influenced by personality type; a finding of potentially far-reaching implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ciorciari
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - John Gountas
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Adjunct, Swinburne University of Technology and Department of Marketing, Adjunct University of Notre Dame Western Australia, Fremantle 6959, Australia;
| | - Patrick Johnston
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia;
| | - David Crewther
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia;
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Bierzynska M, Sobczak PA, Kozak A, Bielecki M, Strelau J, Kossut MM. No Risk, No Differences. Neural Correlates of Temperamental Traits Revealed Using Naturalistic fMRI Method. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1757. [PMID: 31447728 PMCID: PMC6691771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to identify the moderating role of temperamental traits, as defined by Strelau's Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), in explaining brain activity evoked by video stimuli of varying stimulatory value. fMRI scans were performed in a group of 61 young females in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The validity of stimulus selection had been verified prior to the main study by collecting declarative measures of affective reactions, including valence, arousal, and basic emotions ratings. The choice of dynamic and complex video-stimuli allowed us to induce high levels of arousal effectively. Three categories of movies used in the experiment included neutral, low arousing, and highly arousing scenes. Movies classified into the last category depicted extreme-sport activities allowing us to confront the subjects with recordings potentially life-threatening situations. Results of the study revealed that activation of orbitofrontal cortex in highly arousing conditions is linked to the levels of activity, while traits of perseverance and emotional reactivity were negatively correlated with the BOLD signal in this structure. Low arousing movies evoked higher activation of the amygdala and left hippocampus in emotionally reactive subjects. Obtained results might be coherently interpreted in the light of RTT theory, therefore providing its first validation using functional brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bierzynska
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pamela Anna Sobczak
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kozak
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maksymilian Bielecki
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Strelau
- Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Maria Kossut
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Lai H, Wang S, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Yang C, Gong Q. Brain gray matter correlates of extraversion: A systematic review and meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4038-4057. [PMID: 31169966 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraversion is a fundamental personality dimension closely related to an individual's life outcomes and mental health. Although an increasing number of studies have attempted to identify the neurostructural markers of extraversion, the results have been highly inconsistent. The current study aimed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of brain gray matter (GM) correlates of extraversion with a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Our review showed relatively high interstudy heterogeneity among previous findings. Our meta-analysis of whole-brain voxel-based morphometry studies revealed that extraversion was stably associated with six core brain regions. Additionally, meta-regression analyses identified brain regions where the associations of extraversion with GM volume were modulated by gender and age. The relationships between extraversion and GM structures were discussed based on three extraversion-related functional systems. Furthermore, we explained the gender and age effects. Overall, our study is the first to reveal a comprehensive picture of brain GM correlates of extraversion, and the findings may be useful for the selection of targeted brain areas for extraversion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Psychoradiology, Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, China
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9
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Deng Y, Li S, Zhou R, Walter M. Motivation but not valence modulates neuroticism-dependent cingulate cortex and insula activity. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:1664-1672. [PMID: 29314499 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism has been found to specifically modulate amygdala activations during differential processing of valence and motivation while other brain networks yet are unexplored for associated effects. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether neural mechanisms processing valence or motivation are prone to neuroticism in the salience network (SN), a network that is anchored in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and an approach/avoid emotional pictures task to investigate brain activations modulated by pictures' valence or motivational status between high and low neurotic individuals. We found that neuroticism-dependent SN and the parahippocampal-fusiform area activations were modulated by motivation but not valence. Valence in contrast interacted with neuroticism in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. We suggested that neuroticism modulated valence and motivation processing, however, under the influence of the two distinct networks. Neuroticism modulated the motivation through the SN while it modulated the valence through the orbitofrontal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Deng
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Research Center of Emotion Regulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Shijia Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, School of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Research Center of Emotion Regulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany†
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10
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Ran G, Cao X, Chen X. Emotional prediction: An ALE meta-analysis and MACM analysis. Conscious Cogn 2017; 58:158-169. [PMID: 29128283 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prediction of emotion has been explored in a variety of functional brain imaging and neurophysiological studies. However, an overall picture of the areas involved this process remains unexploited. Here, we quantitatively summarized the published literature on emotional prediction using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Furthermore, the current study employed a meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) to map the meta-analytic coactivation maps of regions of interest (ROIs). Our ALE analysis revealed significant convergent activations in some vital brain areas involved in emotional prediction, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). For the MACM analysis, we identified that the DLPFC, VLPFC and OFC were the core areas in the coactivation network of emotional prediction. Overall, the results of ALE and MACM indicated that prefrontal brain areas play critical roles in emotional prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ran
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
| | - Xiaojun Cao
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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11
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Rodman AM, Deckersbach T, Chou T, Kong J, Gollub RL, Dougherty DD. A Preliminary Study of the Opioid System and Personality Traits Using Positron Emission Tomography. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 3:12-18. [PMID: 28879197 DOI: 10.1159/000452417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits, such as Neuroticism and Extraversion, have been implicated in the processing of emotion. The neural correlates most often associated with Neuroticism and Extraversion are the insular cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, and ventral striatum. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to explore neurotransmitter systems underlying those neural correlates and investigate the relationship between personality traits and opioid receptor binding potential. METHOD Twelve healthy participants completed an [11C]diprenorphine positron emission tomography scan at rest. Endogenous opioid levels as indicated by opioid receptor binding potential was examined in relation to personality phenotype. RESULTS A high score of Neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by negative affect, was found to be associated with high opioid receptor binding in the right anterior insula. Conversely, a high score of Extraversion, a personality trait characterized by positive affect, was found to be associated with low opioid receptor binding in the left posterior insula. CONCLUSIONS While preliminary, the results of this study suggest that the expression of Neuroticism and Extraversion is related to baseline function of the opioid neurotransmitter system in the insular cortex. These findings may help elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the expression of personality traits, particularly those implicated in affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Rodman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thilo Deckersbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tina Chou
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Randy L Gollub
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Mitchell RL, Kumari V. Hans Eysenck's interface between the brain and personality: Modern evidence on the cognitive neuroscience of personality. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Manza P, Hu S, Ide JS, Farr OM, Zhang S, Leung HC, Li CSR. The effects of methylphenidate on cerebral responses to conflict anticipation and unsigned prediction error in a stop-signal task. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:283-93. [PMID: 26755547 PMCID: PMC4837899 DOI: 10.1177/0269881115625102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To adapt flexibly to a rapidly changing environment, humans must anticipate conflict and respond to surprising, unexpected events. To this end, the brain estimates upcoming conflict on the basis of prior experience and computes unsigned prediction error (UPE). Although much work implicates catecholamines in cognitive control, little is known about how pharmacological manipulation of catecholamines affects the neural processes underlying conflict anticipation and UPE computation. We addressed this issue by imaging 24 healthy young adults who received a 45 mg oral dose of methylphenidate (MPH) and 62 matched controls who did not receive MPH prior to performing the stop-signal task. We used a Bayesian Dynamic Belief Model to make trial-by-trial estimates of conflict and UPE during task performance. Replicating previous research, the control group showed anticipation-related activation in the presupplementary motor area and deactivation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as UPE-related activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate, insula, and inferior parietal lobule. In group comparison, MPH increased anticipation activity in the bilateral caudate head and decreased UPE activity in each of the aforementioned regions. These findings highlight distinct effects of catecholamines on the neural mechanisms underlying conflict anticipation and UPE, signals critical to learning and adaptive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Manza
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaime S Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Olivia M Farr
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Chiang-shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Saggar M, Vrticka P, Reiss AL. Understanding the influence of personality on dynamic social gesture processing: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2015; 80:71-78. [PMID: 26541443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This fMRI study aimed at investigating how differences in personality traits affect the processing of dynamic and natural gestures containing social versus nonsocial intent. We predicted that while processing gestures with social intent extraversion would be associated with increased activity within the reticulothalamic-cortical arousal system (RTCS), while neuroticism would be associated with increased activity in emotion processing circuits. The obtained findings partly support our hypotheses. We found a positive correlation between bilateral thalamic activity and extraversion scores while participants viewed social (versus nonsocial) gestures. For neuroticism, the data revealed a more complex activation pattern. Activity in the bilateral frontal operculum and anterior insula, extending into bilateral putamen and right amygdala, was moderated as a function of actor-orientation (i.e., first versus third-person engagement) and face-visibility (actor faces visible versus blurred). Our findings point to the existence of factors other than emotional valence that can influence social gesture processing in particular, and social cognitive affective processing in general, as a function of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Saggar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA USA
| | - Pascal Vrticka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA USA.,Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA USA
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15
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Feng C, DeMarco AC, Haroon E, Rilling JK. Neuroticism modulates the effects of intranasal vasopressin treatment on the neural response to positive and negative social interactions. Neuropsychologia 2015; 73:108-15. [PMID: 25979609 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuroticism is a fundamental personality trait associated with proneness to feel negative affect. Here we ask how Neuroticism influences the neural response to positive and negative social interactions and how Neuroticism modulates the effect of intranasal oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) on the neural response to social interactions. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 153 male participants were randomized to receive 24 IU intranasal OT, 20 IU AVP or placebo. Afterwards, they were imaged with fMRI while playing an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game. On a different day, subjects completed the NEO personality inventory to measure Neuroticism. Neuroticism was positively correlated with the neural response to negative social interactions in the anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex and with the neural response to positive social interactions in the insula, indicating that Neuroticism modulates neuropsychological processing of both negative and positive social interactions. Neuroticism did not modulate the effect of intranasal OT treatment on the neural response to either positive or negative social interactions. On the other hand, AVP treatment significantly interacted with Neuroticism to modulate the BOLD response to both positive and negative social interactions. Specifically, AVP increased anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex and lateral temporal lobe responses to negative social interactions to a greater extent in participants scoring high rather than low on Neuroticism. AVP also increased the insula response to positive social interactions to a greater extent in participants scoring high rather than low on Neuroticism. These results imply that AVP may increase emotion regulation in response to negative social interactions and the salience of positive social interactions to a greater extent in individuals high compared to low in Neuroticism. The current findings urge caution against uniform clinical application of nonapeptides and suggest that their efficacy may vary as a function of personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, United States; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, China
| | | | - Ebrahim Haroon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, United States
| | - James K Rilling
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, United States; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Emory University, United States; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, United States; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, United States.
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16
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Kong F, Hu S, Xue S, Song Y, Liu J. Extraversion mediates the relationship between structural variations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and social well-being. Neuroimage 2014; 105:269-75. [PMID: 25449749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social well-being reflects the appraisal of one's circumstance and functioning in society, which is crucial for individuals' mental and physical health. However, little is known about the neural processes associated with social well-being. In this study, we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in social well-being, as measured by the Social Well-being Scale (SWBS), in a large sample of young healthy adults. We found that social well-being was negatively correlated with gray matter volume in left mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (mid-DLPFC) that is implicated in executive functioning, emotional regulation and social reasoning. The results remained significant even after controlling for the effect of socioeconomic status. Furthermore, although basic personality factors such as neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness (as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory) all contributed to social well-being, only extraversion acted as a mediational mechanism underlying the association between the left mid-DLPFC volume and social well-being. Together, our findings provide the first evidence for the structural basis of individual differences in social well-being, and suggest that the personality trait of extraversion might play an important role in the acquisition and process of social well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, China
| | - Yiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, China; Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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17
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Koelsch S, Skouras S, Jentschke S. Neural correlates of emotional personality: a structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77196. [PMID: 24312166 PMCID: PMC3842312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies addressing brain correlates of emotional personality have remained sparse, despite the involvement of emotional personality in health and well-being. This study investigates structural and functional brain correlates of psychological and physiological measures related to emotional personality. Psychological measures included neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness scores, as assessed using a standard personality questionnaire. As a physiological measure we used a cardiac amplitude signature, the so-called E κ value (computed from the electrocardiogram) which has previously been related to tender emotionality. Questionnaire scores and E κ values were related to both functional (eigenvector centrality mapping, ECM) and structural (voxel-based morphometry, VBM) neuroimaging data. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were obtained from 22 individuals (12 females) while listening to music (joy, fear, or neutral music). ECM results showed that agreeableness scores correlated with centrality values in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens). Individuals with higher E κ values (indexing higher tender emotionality) showed higher centrality values in the subiculum of the right hippocampal formation. Structural MRI data from an independent sample of 59 individuals (34 females) showed that neuroticism scores correlated with volume of the left amygdaloid complex. In addition, individuals with higher E κ showed larger gray matter volume in the same portion of the subiculum in which individuals with higher E κ showed higher centrality values. Our results highlight a role of the amygdala in neuroticism. Moreover, they indicate that a cardiac signature related to emotionality (E κ) correlates with both function (increased network centrality) and structure (grey matter volume) of the subiculum of the hippocampal formation, suggesting a role of the hippocampal formation for emotional personality. Results are the first to show personality-related differences using eigenvector centrality mapping, and the first to show structural brain differences for a physiological measure associated with personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koelsch
- Department of Psychology & Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Stavros Skouras
- Department of Psychology & Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jentschke
- Department of Psychology & Cluster Languages of Emotion, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Servaas MN, van der Velde J, Costafreda SG, Horton P, Ormel J, Riese H, Aleman A. Neuroticism and the brain: A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies investigating emotion processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1518-29. [PMID: 23685122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Servaas
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University of Groningen/University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, 9713 AW, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Servaas MN, Riese H, Renken RJ, Marsman JBC, Lambregs J, Ormel J, Aleman A. The effect of criticism on functional brain connectivity and associations with neuroticism. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69606. [PMID: 23922755 PMCID: PMC3724923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism is a robust personality trait that constitutes a risk factor for psychopathology, especially anxiety disorders and depression. High neurotic individuals tend to be more self-critical and are overly sensitive to criticism by others. Hence, we used a novel resting-state paradigm to investigate the effect of criticism on functional brain connectivity and associations with neuroticism. Forty-eight participants completed the NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO-PI-R) to assess neuroticism. Next, we recorded resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) during two sessions. We manipulated the second session before scanning by presenting three standardized critical remarks through headphones, in which the subject was urged to please lie still in the scanner. A seed-based functional connectivity method and subsequent clustering were used to analyse the resting state data. Based on the reviewed literature related to criticism, we selected brain regions associated with self-reflective processing and stress-regulation as regions of interest. The findings showed enhanced functional connectivity between the clustered seed regions and brain areas involved in emotion processing and social cognition during the processing of criticism. Concurrently, functional connectivity was reduced between these clusters and brain structures related to the default mode network and higher-order cognitive control. Furthermore, individuals scoring higher on neuroticism showed altered functional connectivity between the clustered seed regions and brain areas involved in the appraisal, expression and regulation of negative emotions. These results may suggest that the criticized person is attempting to understand the beliefs, perceptions and feelings of the critic in order to facilitate flexible and adaptive social behavior. Furthermore, multiple aspects of emotion processing were found to be affected in individuals scoring higher on neuroticism during the processing of criticism, which may increase their sensitivity to negative social-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nadine Servaas
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Goerlich-Dobre KS, Witteman J, Schiller NO, van Heuven VJP, Aleman A, Martens S. Blunted feelings: alexithymia is associated with a diminished neural response to speech prosody. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:1108-17. [PMID: 23681887 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
How we perceive emotional signals from our environment depends on our personality. Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties in emotion regulation has been linked to aberrant brain activity for visual emotional processing. Whether alexithymia also affects the brain's perception of emotional speech prosody is currently unknown. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the impact of alexithymia on hemodynamic activity of three a priori regions of the prosody network: the superior temporal gyrus (STG), the inferior frontal gyrus and the amygdala. Twenty-two subjects performed an explicit task (emotional prosody categorization) and an implicit task (metrical stress evaluation) on the same prosodic stimuli. Irrespective of task, alexithymia was associated with a blunted response of the right STG and the bilateral amygdalae to angry, surprised and neutral prosody. Individuals with difficulty describing feelings deactivated the left STG and the bilateral amygdalae to a lesser extent in response to angry compared with neutral prosody, suggesting that they perceived angry prosody as relatively more salient than neutral prosody. In conclusion, alexithymia may be associated with a generally blunted neural response to speech prosody. Such restricted prosodic processing may contribute to problems in social communication associated with this personality trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Sophia Goerlich-Dobre
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsNeuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Witteman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsNeuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels O Schiller
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsNeuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent J P van Heuven
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsNeuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsNeuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Martens
- Neuroimaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, LIBC Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, LUCL Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Ernst J, Böker H, Hättenschwiler J, Schüpbach D, Northoff G, Seifritz E, Grimm S. The association of interoceptive awareness and alexithymia with neurotransmitter concentrations in insula and anterior cingulate. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013; 9:857-63. [PMID: 23596189 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alexithymia and increased interoceptive awareness have been associated with affective disorders as well as with altered insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) function. Brain imaging studies have demonstrated an association between neurotransmitter function and affective disorders as well as personality traits. Here, we first examined the relationship between alexithymic facets as assessed with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and interoceptive awareness (assessed with the Body Perception Questionnaire) in 18 healthy subjects. Second, we investigated their association with glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations in the left insula and the ACC using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Behaviorally, we found a close association between alexithymia and interoceptive awareness. Furthermore, glutamate levels in the left insula were positively associated with both alexithymia and awareness of autonomic nervous system reactivity, while GABA concentrations in ACC were selectively associated with alexithymia. Although preliminary, our results suggest that increased glutamate-mediated excitatory transmission-related to enhanced insula activity-reflects increased interoceptive awareness in alexithymia. Suppression of the unspecific emotional arousal evoked by increased awareness of bodily responses in alexithymics might thus be reflected in decreased neuronal activity mediated by increased GABA concentration in ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Ernst
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Böker
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joe Hättenschwiler
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schüpbach
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Northoff
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, GermanyClinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, GermanyClinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, 8029 Zurich, Switzerland, Center for Anxiety and Depression, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Ottawa, Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, 14050 Berlin, and Languages of Emotion Cluster of Excellence, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
To review the literature related to recent temperamental and biological findings on borderline personality disorder (BPD) and major depression, the close link between the two disorders, and the latest therapeutical findings on BPD, focusing on the conditions of co-morbidity between depression and BPD. The National Institutes of Health's PubMed database was used to identify indexed studies on BPD, depression and the co-morbidity between the two. Only studies published between 2000 and 2011 were assessed. Similar temperamental features have been demonstrated in BPD and depression. The strong link between the two disorders seems to be widely recognized by scientific community. Psychotherapy and new antipsychotics are the topics of current major interest of research. The therapeutic targets in the case of co-morbidity are BPD features associated with depressive symptoms, thus influencing prognosis. A global assessment is, in fact, fundamental for a successful therapy for the treatment of the several aspects of a complex psychopathological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luca
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Psychiatry Unit of the University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele" of Catania (Sicily), Via S. Sofia 78, 95100, Catania (Sicily), Italy.
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23
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Dopamine activation in Neuroticism as measured by spontaneous eye blink rate. Physiol Behav 2012; 105:332-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Grimm S, Schubert F, Jaedke M, Gallinat J, Bajbouj M. Prefrontal cortex glutamate and extraversion. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011; 7:811-8. [PMID: 22016442 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsr056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraversion is considered one of the core traits of personality. Low extraversion has been associated with increased vulnerability to affective and anxiety disorders. Brain imaging studies have linked extraversion, approach behaviour and the production of positive emotional states to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, the relationship between extraversion and glutamate in the DLPFC has not been investigated so far. In order to address this issue, absolute glutamate concentrations in the DLPFC and the visual cortex as a control region were measured by 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in 29 subjects with high and low extraversion. We found increased glutamate levels in the DLPFC of introverts as compared with extraverts. The increased glutamate concentration was specific for the DLPFC and negatively associated with state anxiety. Although preliminary, results indicate altered top-down control of DLPFC due to reduced glutamate concentration as a function of extraversion. Glutamate measurement with 1H-MRS may facilitate the understanding of biological underpinnings of personality traits and psychiatric diseases associated with dysfunctions in approach behaviour and the production of positive emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Grimm
- Cluster of Excellence 'Languages of Emotion', Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Brück C, Kreifelts B, Kaza E, Lotze M, Wildgruber D. Impact of personality on the cerebral processing of emotional prosody. Neuroimage 2011; 58:259-68. [PMID: 21689767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While several studies have focused on identifying common brain mechanisms governing the decoding of emotional speech melody, interindividual variations in the cerebral processing of prosodic information, in comparison, have received only little attention to date: Albeit, for instance, differences in personality among individuals have been shown to modulate emotional brain responses, personality influences on the neural basis of prosody decoding have not been investigated systematically yet. Thus, the present study aimed at delineating relationships between interindividual differences in personality and hemodynamic responses evoked by emotional speech melody. To determine personality-dependent modulations of brain reactivity, fMRI activation patterns during the processing of emotional speech cues were acquired from 24 healthy volunteers and subsequently correlated with individual trait measures of extraversion and neuroticism obtained for each participant. Whereas correlation analysis did not indicate any link between brain activation and extraversion, strong positive correlations between measures of neuroticism and hemodynamic responses of the right amygdala, the left postcentral gyrus as well as medial frontal structures including the right anterior cingulate cortex emerged, suggesting that brain mechanisms mediating the decoding of emotional speech melody may vary depending on differences in neuroticism among individuals. Observed trait-specific modulations are discussed in the light of processing biases as well as differences in emotion control or task strategies which may be associated with the personality trait of neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Brück
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraße 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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