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Corley E, Gleeson C, Godfrey E, Cowman M, Patlola SR, Cannon DM, McKernan DP, Kelly JP, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Morris DW, Burke T, Donohoe G. Corpus callosum microstructural organization mediates the effects of physical neglect on social cognition in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110875. [PMID: 37844774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early life adversity is associated with both increased risk of developing schizophrenia and poorer performance on measures of social cognitive functioning. In this study, we examined whether interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Corpus Callosum (CC) microstructure mediated the association between childhood physical neglect and social cognition. Fifty-eight patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were included. The CANTAB emotion recognition task (unbiased hit rate) was used to assess social cognition. We found that the microstructural organization of the CC significantly mediated the association between physical neglect and emotion recognition. Furthermore, in a sequential mediation analysis that also considered the role of inflammatory response, the association between physical neglect, and lower emotion recognition performance was sequentially mediated by higher IL-6 and lower fractional anisotropy of the CC. This mediating effect of IL-6 was only present when simultaneously considering the effects of CC microstructural organization and remained significant while controlling for the effects of sex, BMI and medication dosage (but not age). Overall, the findings suggest that the association between physical neglect and poorer emotion recognition in schizophrenia occurs, at least in part, via its association with white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Corley
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Christina Gleeson
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Emmet Godfrey
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Megan Cowman
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Dara M Cannon
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland; Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan P McKernan
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - John P Kelly
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Science Institute, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Derek W Morris
- Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Tom Burke
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- School of Psychology, University of Galway, Ireland; Center for Neuroimaging Cognition and Genomics, University of Galway, Ireland.
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Involvement of DAAO Overexpression in Delayed Hippocampal Neuronal Death. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223689. [PMID: 36429117 PMCID: PMC9688509 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a flavoenzyme that specifically catalyzes the deamination of many neutral and basic D-amino acids. This study aims to explore the pathological increment of hippocampal DAAO and its potential relationship with delayed hippocampal neuronal death. METHODS Ischemia-reperfusion was induced in mice through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Neurological deficit scores and hippocampal neuronal death were assessed in MCAO mice. Immunofluorescent staining was applied to identify activated astrocytes and evaluate DAAO expression. TUNEL and Nissl staining were utilized to identify cell apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. RESULTS Hippocampal astrocytic DAAO was strikingly increased following ischemic stroke, with the greatest increase on day 5 after surgery, followed by the manifestation of neurobehavioral deficits. Astrocytic DAAO was found to be mainly expressed in the hippocampal CA2 region and linked with subsequent specific neural apoptosis. Thus, it is supposed that the activation of astrocytic DAAO in ischemic stroke might contribute to neuronal death. An intravenous, twice-daily administration of 4H-furo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid (SUN, 10 mg/kg) markedly relieved behavioral status and delayed hippocampal neuronal death by 38.0% and 41.5%, respectively, compared to the model group treated with saline. In transfected primary astrocytes, DAAO overexpression inhibits cell activity, induces cytotoxicity, and promotes hippocampal neuronal death at least partly by enhancing H2O2 levels with subsequent activation of TRP calcium channels in neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that increased hippocampal DAAO is causally associated with the development of delayed neuronal death after MCAO onset via astrocyte-neuron interactions. Hence, targeting DAAO is a promising therapeutic strategy for the management of neurological disorders.
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Murtas G, Pollegioni L, Molla G, Sacchi S. Biochemical Properties and Physiological Functions of pLG72: Twenty Years of Investigations. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060858. [PMID: 35740983 PMCID: PMC9220908 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2002, the novel human gene G72 was associated with schizophrenia susceptibility. This gene encodes a small protein of 153 amino acids, named pLG72, which represents a rare case of primate-specific protein. In particular, the rs2391191 single nucleotide polymorphism (resulting in in the R30K substitution) was robustly associated to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this review, we aim to summarize the results of 20 years of biochemical investigations on pLG72. The main known role of pLG72 is related to its ability to bind and inactivate the flavoenzyme d-amino acid oxidase, i.e., the enzyme that controls the catabolism of d-serine, the main NMDA receptor coagonist in the brain. pLG72 was proposed to target the cytosolic form of d-amino acid oxidase for degradation, preserving d-serine and protecting the cell from oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide produced by the flavoenzyme reaction. Anyway, pLG72 seems to play additional roles, such as affecting mitochondrial functions. The level of pLG72 in the human body is still a controversial issue because of its low expression and challenging detection. Anyway, the intriguing hypothesis that pLG72 level in blood could represent a suitable marker of Alzheimer’s disease progression (a suggestion not sufficiently established yet) merits further investigations.
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