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Martin LF, Ackermans NL, Richter H, Kircher P, Hummel J, Codron D, Clauss M, Hatt J. Macrowear effects of external quartz abrasives of different size and concentration in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2022; 338:586-597. [PMID: 34813148 PMCID: PMC9787991 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
External quartz abrasives are one of the driving forces of macrowear in herbivorous animals. We tested to what extent different sizes and concentrations influence their effect on tooth wear. We fed seven pelleted diets varying only in quartz concentration (0%, 4%, and 8%) and size (fine silt: ∼4 μm, coarse silt: ∼50 μm, fine sand: ∼130 μm) to rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus, n = 16) for 2 weeks each in a randomized serial experiment. Measurements to quantify wear and growth of incisors and the mandibular first cheek tooth, as well as heights of all other cheek teeth, were performed using calipers, endoscopic examination, and computed tomography scans before and after each feeding period. Tooth growth showed a compensatory correlation with wear. Absolute tooth height (ATH) and relative tooth height (RTH); relative to the 0% quartz "control" diet) was generally lower on the higher concentration and the larger size of abrasives. The effect was more pronounced on the maxillary teeth, on specific tooth positions and the right jaw side. When offered the choice between different sizes of abrasives, the rabbits favored the silt diets over the control and the fine sand diet; in a second choice experiment with different diets, they selected a pelleted diet with coarse-grained sand, however. This study confirms the dose- and size-dependent wear effects of external abrasives, and that hypselodont teeth show compensatory growth. The avoidance of wear did not seem a priority for animals with hypselodont teeth, since the rabbits did not avoid diets inducing a certain degree of wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F. Martin
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nicole L. Ackermans
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Present address:
Nicole L. Ackermans, Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Center for Anatomy and Functional MorphologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Patrick Kircher
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Divison of Ruminant Nutrition, Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Daryl Codron
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jean‐Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Salamanca Carreño A, Parés-Casanova PM, Vélez Terranova OM, Monroy Ochoa NI. Shape Directional Asymmetry in Hindlimb Pairs among Calves (Bos Taurus). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050559. [PMID: 35268127 PMCID: PMC8908858 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In biological structures, the shape can be different between the right and left sides. The geometric morphometry technique can contribute to finding these differences by measuring the degree of deviation known as asymmetry. Deviations can occur in response to environmental stress, biomechanical pressures, genetic effects or lateralized behavior. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of asymmetries in the autopods of the hind limbs in healthy Brown Pyrenean calves, using the geometric morphometry (GM) technique. In a slaughterhouse, post-mortem samples of 28 autopods (right–left) were taken from the hind limbs. Dorsoplantar radiographs were obtained for each autopod, and then the bone shape was compared in right–left pairs using 15 landmarks. The results show that the right and left distal extremities present a certain degree of symmetry, but they develop differently in direction; the right hind limbs tend to rotate outwards, and the left hind limbs tend to rotate inwards. The results stimulate the evaluation of the function of each hind limb of cattle during standing and locomotion. This study can be considered as the first symmetric structural investigation of this cattle using geometric morphometry. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine paired asymmetries (right–left) in the autopods of bovine hindlimbs using geometric morphometry (GM). A total of 28 hindlimb right–left matched autopods belonging to healthy Brown Pyrenean calves were assessed. Dorsoplantar radiographs were obtained for each autopod. The bone shape was compared on right and left pairs by means of GM techniques, using a set of 15 landmarks. The results suggest that right and left distal limbs are, despite a perceived resemblance of symmetry, differently directionally developed in shape, with right hindlimbs tending to supinate (rotate outwards) and left hindlimbs tending to pronate (rotate inwards). This unevenness is probably related to the mediolateral forces’ contribution of each limb in carrying out the tasks of propulsion and control during walking, and/or a consequence of a laterality associated with a lateralized grazing posture. Our findings prompt a new reassessment of the function of each bovine hindlimb during standing and locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcesio Salamanca Carreño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia;
- Correspondence:
| | | | | | - Néstor Ismael Monroy Ochoa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio 500001, Colombia;
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Martin LF, Ackermans NL, Tollefson TN, Kircher PR, Richter H, Hummel J, Codron D, Hatt JM, Clauss M. Tooth wear, growth and height in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed pelleted or extruded diets with or without added abrasives. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:630-641. [PMID: 33982342 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the different factors thought to affect dental wear, dietary consistency is possibly the least investigated. To understand tooth wear of herbivorous animals consuming different dietary consistencies with different abrasive potential, we fed 14 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) exclusively with a timothy grassmeal-based diet in either pelleted or extruded form, or the same diets with an addition of 5% fine sand abrasives (mean size 130 µm). First, we offered the rabbits the pelleted and extruded diets as well as the pelleted control and pelleted abrasive diet in a two-stage preference experiment. Then, the rabbits received each diet for 2 weeks in a randomised serial feeding experiment, where each animal served as its own control. Tooth measurements for wear, growth and height were achieved using a manual calliper, endoscopic examination and CT scans. The analysis of the diets as fed showed almost identical mean particle size, but the extruded diet had a lower density (volume/mass) and softer consistency compared to the pelleted one and was favoured by most rabbits. The rabbits selected against the diet with sand during the preference experiment, possibly because it caused more tooth wear, especially on the teeth most exposed to wear along the upper tooth row (upper P4 and M1). The maxillary teeth also showed evidence of an increased chewing laterality by the end of the experiment. The extruded diet led to a significantly lower cheek teeth height than the pelleted diet, potentially due to the higher chewing effort needed for a similar dry matter intake. The results suggest that dietary hardness alone is a poor predictor of dental wear. The regrowth of the teeth matched wear consistently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Martin
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L Ackermans
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Troy N Tollefson
- Mazuri® Exotic Animal Nutrition, PMI Nutrition International LLC, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick R Kircher
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henning Richter
- Clinic for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Hummel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ruminant Nutrition, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daryl Codron
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Cox PG, Morris PJR, Hennekam JJ, Kitchener AC. Morphological and functional variation between isolated populations of British red squirrels (
Sciurus vulgaris
). J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. G. Cox
- Department of Archaeology University of York York UK
- Hull York Medical School University of York York UK
| | - P. J. R. Morris
- School of Geosciences and Department of Integrative Biology University of South Florida Tampa FL USA
| | | | - A. C. Kitchener
- Department of Natural Sciences National Museums Scotland Edinburgh UK
- Institute of Geography School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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Parés-Casanova PM, Castel-Mas L, Jones-Capdevila KN. Asymmetries of Forelimb Digits of Young Cattle. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7030083. [PMID: 32630632 PMCID: PMC7558999 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the anatomical premise that, in bovines, the medial (inner) hoof is larger than the lateral (outer) one in the forelimb, we hypothesized that this implies a phalangeal form difference. To test this hypothesis, asymmetries of the forelimb acropodia (phalangeal series) were studied on calves belonging to the Brown Pyrenean breed, a meat breed managed under extensive conditions in NE Spain. Dorso-palmar radiographs were obtained for each acropodium in a sample of 17 paired left and right forelimbs. Size and shape were analysed by means of geometric morphometrics on medial and lateral acropodial series (III and IV series respectively) for each left and right limb. Shape coordinates were computed by Generalized Procrustes Analysis. Medial and lateral acropodial series appeared similar in size, but their shape expressed an especially high directional asymmetry, with distal phalanges (pedal bones) being abaxially (outwards) oriented. Such morphological observations may be an important reconsideration of “normal” radiographic acropodial symmetry evaluation. This can be explained not only by an unevenly distributed ground reaction force between acropodial series, but also between right and left limbs, making medial and lateral hoof surfaces differently prone to overloading and, accordingly, to injuries to the limb.
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Ginot S, Hautier L, Agret S, Claude J. Decoupled ontogeny of in vivo bite force and mandible morphology reveals effects of weaning and sexual maturation in mice. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The link between performance, morphology and their sources of variation is a major target of evolutionary functional biology. In vertebrates, many studies have linked in vivo bite force to skull morphology, mostly at the interspecific level. Within species, however, the ontogeny of bite force, in relation to the development of the mandible, remains poorly known, despite its relevance for life history and for the co-evolution of form and function. Here, ontogenetic trajectories of bite force, correlated with mandible size and shape, are reported for the first time in a wild-derived colony of laboratory mice. Bite forces were measured in vivo and mandible morphology was assessed using geometric morphometrics. Most coordinated changes in morphology and in vivo bite force occur during the first stages of growth, prior to weaning. Mandible shape stabilizes after day 23. The increases in mandible size and body mass slow down around day 40, but still increase during adulthood. Despite slowing down after weaning, bite force increases through a second phase during sexual maturation (days 30–40). This may be linked to the progressive tempering of weaning stress, continued growth and synchronization of the muscular and osteological systems, together with hormonal changes, as we observed a concomitant appearance of sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ginot
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- UMR5242, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, UCBL1, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Hautier
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Agret
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Claude
- UMR 5554, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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Parés-Casanova PM, Cabello M. Patterns of mandibular asymmetries in two types of companion rabbits. Anat Histol Embryol 2019; 49:227-232. [PMID: 31737936 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Developmental instability hypothesis suggests that asymmetric variation can partially reflect the body's inability to buffer environmental and/or genetic perturbations. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), that is random differences between the left and right sides of body features that are symmetric at the population level, can assess this approach. Another kind of asymmetry is directional asymmetry (DA) which appears when the left and right sides differ consistently from each other. Extreme selection for morphological traits, as appear in some companion rabbits selected for a paedomorphic (dwarf rabbits) or gerontomorphic (belier rabbits) appearance, may cause abnormal functional conditions, which in turn could be expressed as significative degrees of asymmetries. To study these phenomena, we analysed 62 mandibles of companion rabbits (20 beliers and 42 dwarfs) by means of geometric morphometric methods and quantified their size and shape asymmetric variation (both FA and DA) using 18 landmarks on the lateral side. FA was present in both types but in different degrees, being higher among dwarfs. It is considered that this type is subject to deeper changes than among beliers, and therefore, there is higher pressure on the phenotype. This observation could be assumed to be an adaptive response, coming out as FA. The presence of DA was significative and similar for two types. This likely indicates common masticatory lateralization, a pattern that has been detected in other domestic mammals. The methodological framework presented in this study can be valuable for future works focused on genetically and/or environmentally related form study in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cabello
- Department of Animal Science, ETSEA, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Souquet L, Chevret P, Ganem G, Auffray JC, Ledevin R, Agret S, Hautier L, Renaud S. Back to the wild: does feralization affect the mandible of non-commensal house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Souquet
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Pascale Chevret
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Guila Ganem
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Auffray
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Ronan Ledevin
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Agret
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Lionel Hautier
- Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Université de Montpellier, UMR 5554 CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Renaud
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, CNRS, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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