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Deng Y, Liu G, Zhang H, Zhou P, Tang X, Li P, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wei Z, Zhang M. Effects of wall materials on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) powders. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:37. [PMID: 38902297 PMCID: PMC11190200 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bitter gourd has numerous health-promoting effects on the human body. However, its use has been greatly limited due to its poor acceptance by consumers, resulting from its strong bitterness. This study investigated the effects of five wall materials, namely, soybean protein isolate, gum arabic, maltodextrin, resistant starch, and a soybean lecithin calcium caseinate mixture, on the physicochemical properties of spray-dried bitter gourd powders. The results showed that all five wall materials reduced the moisture content, water activity, browning degree, agglomeration, and bitterness of the spray-dried bitter gourd powder. Maltodextrin was found to be the most effective at reducing water activity, while soybean protein isolate was best at protecting the colour, and the soybean lecithin calcium caseinate mixture was best at reducing hygroscopicity and masking bitterness. Additionally, all five wall materials improved the preservation of flavonoids, saponins, and vitamin C, with soybean protein isolate being the most effective in improving the total flavonoid retention ratio and the soybean lecithin calcium caseinate mixture being the best in improving the retention ratios of total saponins and vitamin C. The spray-dried bitter gourd powder prepared with soybean protein isolate had the highest antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. These results are significant for understanding the relationship between wall materials and the physicochemical properties of spray-dried powder. Additionally, these materials provide bitter gourd product manufacturers with useful guidance for producing high-quality products. Furthermore, the results could provide useful insights for processing fruits with similar product characteristics, thus contributing to the enrichment of food processing knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Ping Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Zhihao Zhao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Zhangying Wang
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China.
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China.
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Wang H, Shuai X, Ye S, Zhang R, Wu M, Jiang S, Li Y, Wu D, He J. Recent advances in the development of bitter gourd seed oil: from chemical composition to potential applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:10678-10690. [PMID: 35648048 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-conventional seed oils are being considered novelty foods due to the unique properties of their chemical constituents. Numerous such seed oils serve as nutritional and functional supplements, making them a point of interest for scholars. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seed oil (BGSO) has been widely used in folk medicine worldwide for the treatment of different pathologies, such as diabetes, cancer, and several inflammatory diseases. Therefore, its nutritional and medicinal value has been extensively studied. Considering the potential use of BGSO, it is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of this product to develop and use its biologically active ingredients in innovative food and pharmaceutical products. An extensive understanding of BGSO would also help improve the economic feasibility of the bitter gourd seed processing industry and help prevent environmental pollution associated with the raw waste produced during the processing of bitter gourd seeds. This review addresses the potential uses of BGSO in terms of food and pharmaceuticals industry perspectives and comprehensively summarizes the oil extraction process, chemical composition, biological activity, and the application prospects of BGSO in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Wang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Shuai
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Shuxin Ye
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Muci Wu
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Jiang
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Yubao Li
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- China YunHong Holdings Co, Ltd, Wuxue, P.R. China
| | - Jingren He
- Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
- National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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YELLIANTTY Y, KARTASASMITA RE, SURANTAATMADJA SI, RUKAYADI Y. Identification of chemical constituents from fruit of Antidesma bunius by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.61320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Saini RK, A Bekhit AED, Roohinejad S, Rengasamy KRR, Keum YS. Chemical Stability of Lycopene in Processed Products: A Review of the Effects of Processing Methods and Modern Preservation Strategies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:712-726. [PMID: 31891495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene, one of the most dominant carotenoids in a person's diet, is a well-known natural compound that has protective effects against chronic diseases. Industrial and domestic processing and storage conditions significantly influence retention and isomerization of lycopene; thus, in recent years, great attention has been given for their preservative effects of lycopene. This review highlights recent strategies that have been developed to preserve lycopene in processed products, especially in tomato pulp, puree, paste, and juice. The key factors influencing lycopene degradation and isomerization, such as ingredients and intensity of thermal treatments, are also discussed. Special attention was paid to the crystalline structures of lycopene which facilitate its resistance to degradation and isomerization. Emerging non-thermal processing methods, such as ultrasound and high-pressure processing (HPP), are critically evaluated for their preservation of thermo-labile compounds. Novel trends to improve lycopene stability by micro- and nanoencapsulation and addition of antioxidants are also included to examine their efficacy to protect against light, heat, oxygen, and other oxidative processes. Finally, recommended processing and storage conditions are discussed to provide strategies to retain the highest possible amount of bioactive lycopene until consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science , Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701 , Republic of Korea
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Ünal NG, Kozak A, Karakaya S, Oruç N, Barutçuoğlu B, Aktan Ç, Sezak M, Özütemiz AÖ. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Crude Momordica charantia L. Extract on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis Model in Rat and the Bioaccessibility of its Carotenoid Content. J Med Food 2019; 23:641-648. [PMID: 31702423 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., known as bitter melon (BM), is a plant that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Aims of this study are to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of crude BM extract on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model in rat. It was also aimed to determine the content and bioaccessibility of carotenoids of BM. BM was purchased from local markets in Izmir, Turkey. Fruits of BM were lyophilized, powdered, and used in the experiment. Carotenoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. To determine the bioaccessibility of β-carotene, in vitro digestion was performed. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: group A (BM+TNBS), group B (BM), group C (TNBS), and group D (control). BM solution was given 300 mg/(kg·day) for 6 weeks orally. Colitis was induced by 0.25 mL of a solution containing 100 mg/kg 5% (w/v) TNBS in 50% ethanol (w/v) intrarectally after 6 weeks. After sacrification, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. Myeloperoxidase, cytokines levels (interleukin-17 [IL-17], TNF-alpha, and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) were measured in serum and colonic samples by ELISA test. Institutional Animal Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Total carotenoid content of BM was determined 11.7 mg/g dry weight as β-carotene equivalents. Bioaccessibility of total carotenoids was determined as 2.1% with in vitro digestion. Pretreatment with crude BM extract significantly reduced weight loss, macroscopic, and microscopic colitis damages in colonic samples (P = .000), (P = .015), and (P = .026), respectively. Serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased significantly in both treatment groups (P = .000). BM is a rich source of carotenoids, but the bioaccessibility of its carotenoids is low. This study displays that BM has protective anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Gülşen Ünal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Kozak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Oruç
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Barutçuoğlu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Aktan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Beykent, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Sezak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ömer Özütemiz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Białek M, Białek A, Lepionka T, Paśko P, Galanty A, Tokarz A, Czauderna M. Punica granatum
(Pomegranate) Seed Oil and
Momordica charantia
(Bitter Melon) Extract Affect the Lipid's Profile and Oxidative Stability of Femoral Muscles of Rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201800420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of SciencesInstytucka 305‐110JabłonnaPoland
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of BromatologyMedical University of WarsawBanacha 102‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- Department of BromatologyMedical University of WarsawBanacha 102‐097WarsawPoland
- Laboratory of HygieneFood and NutritionMilitary Institute of Hygiene and EpidemiologyKozielska 401‐001WarsawPoland
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and NutritionMedical CollegeJagiellonian UniversityMedyczna 930‐688KrakówPoland
| | - Agnieszka Galanty
- Department of PharmacognosyMedical CollegeJagiellonian UniversityMedyczna 930‐688KrakówPoland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of BromatologyMedical University of WarsawBanacha 102‐097WarsawPoland
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and NutritionPolish Academy of SciencesInstytucka 305‐110JabłonnaPoland
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Kim DE, Shang X, Assefa AD, Keum YS, Saini RK. Metabolite profiling of green, green/red, and red lettuce cultivars: Variation in health beneficial compounds and antioxidant potential. Food Res Int 2018; 105:361-370. [PMID: 29433225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salad vegetables, commonly consumed at baby-leaf stages, are the most appropriate and emerging dietary source of antioxidant compounds. Screening and identification of nutrient-rich cultivars can be potentially useful to obtain a nutrient-dense diet. Thus, in this study, we explored the genetic potential of baby leaves of 23 diverse lettuce cultivars for the health-beneficial metabolites. The results showed that the composition and contents of the studied metabolites in lettuces varied significantly between cultivars and were principally dependent on leaf color. All red-leaf cultivars were rich in carotenoids, cyanidin, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, primarily in the form of α-linolenic and linoleic acid,) total phenolic contents (TPC), and antioxidant potential. Among carotenoids, all-E-lutein was found in highest amount, followed by all-E-violaxanthin and all-E-lactucaxanthin, accounting for an average of 30%, 28% and 15% of total carotenoids, respectively. The content of total folate was recorded in the range of 6.51 (cv. Caesar Green) to 9.73μg/g (DW) (cv. Asia Heuk Romaine). The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cyanidin and other phenolic compounds are the most potent scavengers of ABTS and DPPH radicals. The overall results suggested that all red-leaf lettuce cultivars have a distinct profile of phytoconstituents, which can be used as a nutrient-dense food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Eun Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Park HY, Saini RK, Gopal J, Keum YS, Kim DH, Lee O, Sivanesan I. Micropropagation and Subsequent Enrichment of Carotenoids, Fatty Acids, and Tocopherol Contents in Sedum dasyphyllum L. Front Chem 2017; 5:77. [PMID: 29062834 PMCID: PMC5640719 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising micropropagation protocol has been systematically established and demonstrated for the enhanced production of carotenoids, tocopherol and fatty acids in shoot tissues of Sedum dasyphyllum. Shoot tip explants were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Different concentrations of N6-benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) alone or in combination with α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were tested in order to stimulate multiple shoot production. Ideal shoot induction (100%) and maximized shoot numbers (36.4) were obtained on explants cultured on media incorporated with 2 μM BA and 1 μM NAA combinations. The in vitro-developed shoots rooted best on half-strength MS media incorporated with 2 μM indole 3-butyric acid. Plantlets were effectively acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival rate. The composition and contents of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherol and fatty acids in shoot tissues of S. dasyphyllum were investigated using HPLC and GC-MS. The most abundant carotenoid in the shoot tissue was all-E-lutein (40.3-70.5 μg g-1 FW) followed by 9'-Z-neoxanthin (5.3-9.9 μg g-1 FW), all-E-violaxanthin (4.4-8.2 μg g-1 FW), and all-E-β-carotene (1.6-3.6 μg g-1 FW). The α-tocopherol contents of in vitro-raised shoots was 6.5-fold higher than shoots of greenhouse-grown plants. The primary fatty acids found in shoot tissues were α-linolenic acid (32.0-39.3%), linoleic acid (27.4-38.2%), palmitic acid (13.3-15.5%), and stearic acid (5.2-12.2%). In all, summarizing the findings, the micropropagated S. dasyphyllum showed significant enrichment of valuable bioactive carotenoids (92.3 μg g-1 FW), tocopherols (14.6 μg g-1 FW), and α-linolenic acid (39.3%) compared to their greenhouse counterparts. The protocol demonstrated here could be applied for the mass propagation and production of enhanced bioactive compounds from S. dasyphyllum with credibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yong Park
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Onew Lee
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Comparative Study of Tocopherol Contents and Fatty Acids Composition in Twenty Almond Cultivars of Afghanistan. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Saini RK, Assefa AD, Keum YS. Fatty acid and carotenoid composition of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) seed arils: a potentially valuable source of lycopene. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-017-9504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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