Effect of dried yam flour (Dioscorea schimperiana) on cooking quality, digestibility profile and antioxidant potential of wheat based pasta

Resistant starch from yam: Preparation, nutrition, properties and applications in the food sector

Yam is a significant staple food and starch source, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, holding the fourth position among the world's top ten tuber crops. Yam tubers are rich in essential nutrients and a diverse range of beneficial plant compounds, which contribute to their multifaceted beneficial functions. Furthermore, the abundant starch and resistant starch (RS) content in yam can fulfil the market demand for RS. The inherent and modified properties of yam starch and RS make them versatile ingredients for a wide range of food products, with the potential to become one of the most cost-effective raw materials in the food industry. In recent years, research on yam RS has experienced progressive expansion. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest research findings on yam starch and its RS, elucidating the feasibility of commercial RS production and the technology's impact on the physical and chemical properties of starch. Yam has emerged as a promising reservoir of tuber starch for sustainable RS production, with thermal, chemical, enzymatic and combination treatments proving to be effective manufacturing procedures for RS. The adaptability of yam RS allows for a wide range of food applications.

Dioscorea spp.: Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties and Their Relation to Phytochemicals and Health Benefits

Dioscorea, consisting of over 600 species, is the most important genus in the Dioscoreaceae family; however, the practically used plants, which are commonly called yam, are restricted to a remarkably smaller number of species. Numerous studies have reported the high nutritional value of yam, particularly as an alternative source of starch and some important micronutrients. Several Dioscorea species are widely used for various medicinal purposes as well. In many studies, the bioactivities and health benefits of Dioscorea extracts and other preparations have been related to the presence of phytochemicals, which possess antioxidant properties; they are related mainly to radical-scavenging capacity in chemical assays and positive effects on the endogenous antioxidant system in cell-based and in vivo assays. Considering the increasing number of publications on this topic and the absence of comprehensive and focused review papers on antioxidant potential, this article summarizes the results of studies on the antioxidant properties of Dioscorea spp. and their relation to phytochemicals and health benefits. A comprehensive survey of the published articles has revealed that the majority of studies have been performed with plant tubers (rhizomes, roots), while reports on leaves are rather scarce. In general, leaf extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant potential than tuber preparations. This may be related to the differences in phytochemical composition: saponins, phenanthrenes and, for some pigment-rich species (purple yams), anthocyanins are important constituents in tubers, while phenolic acids and flavonoids are characteristic phytochemicals in the leaves. The review may assist in explaining ethnopharmacological knowledge on the health benefits of Dioscorea plants and their preparations; moreover, it may foster further studies of poorly investigated species, as well as their wider application in developing new functional foods and nutraceuticals.

Current Trends in Enrichment of Wheat Pasta: Quality, Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Properties

Wheat pasta is one of the most important cereal products and is becoming increasingly popular worldwide because of its convenience, simple formulation, long shelf life, and high energetic value. Wheat pasta is usually obtained from refined flour rich in carbohydrates but with low content of phytochemicals, micronutrients, and fibre. The increased demand of consumers for healthy foods has generated interest among both researchers and food producers in developing functional food products. This review showcases the current trends in pasta fortification. Changes in the nutritional value, cooking quality, sensory attributes, and antioxidant properties of durum and common wheat pasta enriched with both plant and animal raw materials are discussed.

Influence of Adding Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) Flour on Dough Rheology, Gluten Structure, Baking Performance, and Antioxidant Properties of Bread

Impacts of wheat flour substituted with various levels of Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.) flour (from 0% to 25%) on the dough rheological characteristics, gluten structure, baking performance, and antioxidant properties of bread were investigated. The water absorption increased significantly (p < 0.05), while development time and stability decreased remarkably (p < 0.05) as the proportion of yam flour increased. SEM results indicated that the addition of yam flour destroyed the gluten network structure in the dough. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that addition of yam flour decreased the content of α-helix and β-sheet in gluten. With the increase in the proportion of yam flour, the specific volume and overall acceptability decreased (p < 0.05) whereas the total phenolics content (TPC), polysaccharides content, total flavonoids content (TFC), allantoin content, The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability, fractal dimension, and hardness increased (p < 0.05). Overall, breads made of wheat flour replacement with no more than 15% Guihuai number 2 yam flour were of a high quality and had more antioxidant properties. These showed that Guihuai number 2 had broad application prospects in baked products.

Electrochemical Evaluation of the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Yam Food Samples on a Polyglycine-Glassy Carbon Modified Electrode

Background:

The total antioxidant capacity of yam food grown in southern African regions was investigated by a polyglycine-glassy carbon modified electrode. The modified electrode was fabricated using glycine solution on glassy carbon electrode by electrodeposition method. The proposed modified electrode is found to be nearly 3.15-fold more sensitive than the bare electrode. For the measurement of the total antioxidants of yam, differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) was employed with standard quercetin compound.

Methods:

The total antioxidant capacity of yam was deduced by DPSV and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods. The basic parameters for the stripping technique such as pH, accumulation time and accumulation potential were optimized as 20 s, 200 mV and a pH of 3 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solutions in 0.5 mg quercetin/L, respectively.

Results:

In the optimization condition, the linear working range was determined between 5.0 μg/L and 80.0 µg/L for the quercetin. The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits of quercetin were found to be 0.39 µg/L and 1.39 µg/L on the modified electrode by DPSV, respectively. The procedure was also applied to natural yam samples and total antioxidant capacity of 0.1 kg of yam was determined as 96.15 ± 0.85 µg/L of equivalent quercetin at 95% confidence level with the relative standard deviations of 0.88%.

Conclusion:

Sensitive and selective voltammetric method was developed for the determination of total antioxidant capacity in yam. Moreover, the modified polyglycine-glassy carbon electrode was constructed more selectively for quercetin. As a result, a simple, sensitive and rapid new voltammetric method for the determination of antioxidants has been developed using the modified electrode.

Fish Protein and Lipid Interactions on the Digestibility and Bioavailability of Starch and Protein from Durum Wheat Pasta

This research focussed on the utilisation of salmon protein and lipid to manipulate pasta's glycaemic index and protein digestibility. Salmon fish (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) powder (SFP) supplemented pasta flour in amounts from 5% to 20% (w/w). Inclusion of SFP lead to a significant reduction in starch digestibility and hence the potential glycaemic values of pasta (experimental pasta being up to 143% lower than control values). SFP addition to pasta increased the release of phenolic compounds from pasta during both gastric digestion (179%) and pancreatic digestion (133%) in comparison to the control sample. At the same time, the antioxidant activity of the digested pasta was increased by up to 263% (gastric) and 190% (pancreatic) in comparison to durum wheat pasta alone. Interestingly, although protein levels increased with incorporation of SFP, the digestibility values of the protein decreased from 86.41% for the control pasta to 81.95% for 20% SFP pasta. This may indicate that there are interactions between phenols and protein in the pasta samples which affect overall protein digestibility levels.