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Giussani B, Gorla G, Riu J. Analytical Chemistry Strategies in the Use of Miniaturised NIR Instruments: An Overview. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:11-43. [PMID: 35286178 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2047607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized NIR instruments have been increasingly used in the last years, and they have become useful tools for many applications on a broad variety of samples. This review focuses on miniaturized NIR instruments from an analytical point of view, to give an overview of the analytical strategies used in order to help the reader to set up their own analytical methods, from the sampling to the data analysis. It highlights the uses of these instruments, providing a critical discussion including current and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Giussani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Giulia Gorla
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Jordi Riu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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2
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Cozzolino D, Zhang S, Khole A, Yang Z, Ingle P, Beya M, van Jaarsveld PF, Bureš D, Hoffman LC. Identification of individual goat animals by means of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis of commercial meat cuts. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 61:950-957. [PMID: 38487278 PMCID: PMC10933230 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05890-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Although the identification of animal species and muscles have been reported previously, no studies have been found on the use of NIR spectroscopy to identify individual animals from the analysis of commercial meat cuts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a portable near infrared (NIR) instrument combined with classical chemometrics methods [principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis PLS-DA)] to identify the origin of individual goat animals using the spectral signature of their commercial cut. Samples were collected from several carcasses (6 commercial cuts x 24 animals) sourced from a commercial abattoir in Queensland (Australia). The NIR spectra of the samples were collected using a portable NIR instrument in the wavelength range between 950 and 1600 nm. Overall, the PLS-DA models correctly classify 82% and 79% of the individual goat samples using either the goat rack or loin cut samples, respectively. The study demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy was able to identify individual goat animals based on the spectra properties of some of the commercial cut samples analysed (e.g. loin and rack). These results showed the potential of this technique to identify individual animals as an alternative to other laboratory methods and techniques commonly used in meat traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Cozzolino
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - S. Zhang
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - A. Khole
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Z. Yang
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - P. Ingle
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - M. Beya
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - P. F. van Jaarsveld
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - D. Bureš
- Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. C. Hoffman
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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3
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Zaukuu JLZ, Tsyawo EC. Rapid and non-destructive detection of ponceau 4R red colored pork. Meat Sci 2024; 209:109400. [PMID: 38043327 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic colour of pork desired by consumers is a widespread phenomenon on the Ghanaian market that has led to some suspected adulteration practices. Currently available methods for monitoring pork quality are time consuming but above all, destructive (destroys the integrity of meat). This study aimed to develop rapid models that can be used to detect, classify and predict the presence of ponceau 4R in fresh pork in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana using near-infrared spectroscopy together with chemometrics. Fresh pork samples, 120 obtained from the markets and 120 adulterated artificially in the laboratory, were subjected to near-infrared measurements. The spectra obtained were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR). PCA and LDA showed that scanning the skin of the pork and pretreating the spectra with Savitzky-Golay smoothing sufficed for further chemometric analysis. The classification models built using LDA showed similarities between samples obtained from the markets and the artificially adulterated samples, indicating the presence of colour adulterant. The models also revealed the importance of processing time in making the adulterated meat more appealing to consumers. PLSR, however, yielded poor results for predicting colour and adulterant concentration. In effect, PCA and LDA methods proved to be better alternatives for the detection of colored pork adulteration and can be adopted for quality control applications together with near infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bio-sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi- Ashanti-Region, Ghana.
| | - Etornam Celestine Tsyawo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Bio-sciences, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi- Ashanti-Region, Ghana.
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Cozzolino D, Wu W, Zhang S, Beya M, van Jaarsveld PF, Hoffman LC. The ability of a portable near infrared instrument to evaluate the shelf-life of fresh and thawed goat muscles. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114047. [PMID: 38395546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a portable near infrared (NIR) instrument to monitor the shelf-life of four goat muscles [longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL), semimembranosus (SM), semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris (BF)] stored for up to 8 days (4 °C). The NIR spectra of the muscle samples were collected at day 0, and after 1, 4 and 8 days of storage using a MicroNIR instrument (900-1600 nm). The coefficient of determination in cross-validation (R2) and the standard error in cross validation (SECV) obtained for the prediction of days of storage ranged between 0.76 and 0.86, where the SECV ranged from 0.32 to 0.41. The best statistics in cross-validation were obtained for the prediction of days of storage in the BF samples, followed by the ST and LTL muscles. Differences in the PLS loadings for the cross-validation models were observed due to the interactions between the different muscle samples and days of storage. Overall, these results showed the potential of NIR spectroscopy to identify the time of storage in four different goat muscles. Similar data and techniques could be used to predict the remaining shelf life of meat derived from different species under storage. This information can then be used as a tool to predict and guarantee the safety of meat samples to the consumer along the meat supply and value chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cozzolino
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - W Wu
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - S Zhang
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Beya
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - P F van Jaarsveld
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - L C Hoffman
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Adegbenjo AO, Liu L, Ngadi MO. An Adaptive Partial Least-Squares Regression Approach for Classifying Chicken Egg Fertility by Hyperspectral Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1485. [PMID: 38475021 DOI: 10.3390/s24051485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Partial least-squares (PLS) regression is a well known chemometric method used for predictive modelling, especially in the presence of many variables. Although PLS was not initially developed as a technique for classification tasks, scientists have reportedly used this approach successfully for discrimination purposes. Whereas some non-supervised learning approaches, including, but not limited to, PCA and k-means clustering, do well in identifying/understanding grouping and clustering patterns in multidimensional data, they are limited when the end target is discrimination, making PLS a preferable alternative. Hyperspectral imaging data on a total of 672 fertilized chicken eggs, consisting of 336 white eggs and 336 brown eggs, were used in this study. Hyperspectral images in the NIR region of the 900-1700 nm wavelength range were captured prior to incubation on day 0 and on days 1-4 after incubation. Eggs were candled on incubation day 5 and broken out on day 10 to confirm fertility. While a total number of 312 and 314 eggs were found to be fertile in the brown and white egg batches, respectively, the total number of non-fertile eggs in the same set of batches was 23 and 21, respectively. Spectral information was extracted from a segmented region of interest (ROI) of each hyperspectral image and spectral transmission characteristics were obtained by averaging the spectral information. A moving-thresholding technique was implemented for discrimination based on PLS regression results on the calibration set. With true positive rates (TPRs) of up to 100% obtained at selected threshold values of between 0.50 and 0.85 and on different days of incubation, the results indicate that the proposed PLS technique can accurately discriminate between fertile and non-fertile eggs. The adaptive PLS approach was, thereby, presented as suitable for handling hyperspectral imaging-based chicken egg fertility data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi O Adegbenjo
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220005, Nigeria
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Michael O Ngadi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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Hernández-Jiménez M, Revilla I, Vivar-Quintana AM, Grabska J, Beć KB, Huck CW. Performance of benchtop and portable spectroscopy equipment for discriminating Iberian ham according to breed. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100675. [PMID: 38292344 PMCID: PMC10825327 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Iberian ham is a highly appreciated product and according to Spanish legislation different labels identify different products depending on the genetic purity. Consequently, "100% Iberian" ham from purebred Iberian animals is more expensive than "Iberian" ham from Iberian x Duroc crosses. The hypothesis of this study was that to avoid labelling fraud it is possible to distinguish the breed (Iberian or Iberian x Duroc) of acorn-fed pigs of Iberian ham without any prior preparation of the sample by using spectroscopy that is a rapid and reliable technology. Moreover, portable devices which can be used in situ could provide similar results to those of benchtop equipment. Therefore, the spectra of the 60 samples (24 samples of 100% Iberian ham and 36 samples of Iberian x Duroc crossbreed ham) were recorded only for the fat, only for the muscle, or for the whole slice with two benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers (Büchi NIRFlex N-500 and Foss NIRSystem 5000) and five portable spectrometers including four portable NIR devices (VIAVI MicroNIR 1700 ES, TellSpec Enterprise Sensor, Thermo Fischer Scientific microPHAZIR, and Consumer Physics SCiO Sensor), and one RAMAN device (BRAVO handheld). The results showed that, in general, the whole slice recording produced the best results for classification purposes. The SCiO device showed the highest percentages of correctly classified samples (97% in calibration and 92% in validation) followed by TellSpec (100% and 81%). The SCiO sensor also showed the highest percentages of success when the analyses were performed only on lean meat (97% in calibration and 83% in validation) followed by microPHAZIR (84% and 81%), while in the case of the fat tissue. Raman technology showed the best discrimination capacity (96% and 78%) followed by microPHAZIR (89% and 81%). Therefore, spectroscopy has proved to be a suitable technology for discriminating ham samples according to breed purity; portable devices have been shown to give even better results than benchtop spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hernández-Jiménez
- Food Technology Area, Universidad de Salamanca, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, Zamora, 49022, Spain
| | - Isabel Revilla
- Food Technology Area, Universidad de Salamanca, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, Zamora, 49022, Spain
| | - Ana M. Vivar-Quintana
- Food Technology Area, Universidad de Salamanca, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, Zamora, 49022, Spain
| | - Justyna Grabska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Krzysztof B. Beć
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kim J, Kurniawan H, Faqeerzada MA, Kim G, Lee H, Kim MS, Baek I, Cho BK. Proximate Content Monitoring of Black Soldier Fly Larval ( Hermetia illucens) Dry Matter for Feed Material using Short-Wave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging. Food Sci Anim Resour 2023; 43:1150-1169. [PMID: 37969323 PMCID: PMC10636226 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2023.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are gaining popularity as a potential future food source because of their high protein content and efficient use of space. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are noteworthy because they can be used as feed for various animals including reptiles, dogs, fish, chickens, and pigs. However, if the edible insect industry is to advance, we should use automation to reduce labor and increase production. Consequently, there is a growing demand for sensing technologies that can automate the evaluation of insect quality. This study used short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging to predict the proximate composition of dried BSFL, including moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content. The larvae were dried at various temperatures and times, and images were captured using an SWIR camera. A partial least-squares regression (PLSR) model was developed to predict the proximate content. The SWIR-based hyperspectral camera accurately predicted the proximate composition of BSFL from the best preprocessing model; moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and crude ash content were predicted with high accuracy, with R2 values of 0.89 or more, and root mean square error of prediction values were within 2%. Among preprocessing methods, mean normalization and max normalization methods were effective in proximate prediction models. Therefore, SWIR-based hyperspectral cameras can be used to create automated quality management systems for BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntae Kim
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hary Kurniawan
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Mohammad Akbar Faqeerzada
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery
Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hoonsoo Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering,
College of Agriculture, Life & Environment Science, Chungbuk National
University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kim
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Insuck Baek
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Byoung-Kwan Cho
- Department of Biosystems Machinery
Engineering, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems,
College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National
University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Gullifa G, Barone L, Papa E, Giuffrida A, Materazzi S, Risoluti R. Portable NIR spectroscopy: the route to green analytical chemistry. Front Chem 2023; 11:1214825. [PMID: 37818482 PMCID: PMC10561305 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1214825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest for cost-effective and nondestructive analytical techniques in both research and application fields. The growing approach by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) pushes to develop handheld devices devoted to be easily applied for in situ determinations. Consequently, portable NIR spectrometers actually result definitively recognized as powerful instruments, able to perform nondestructive, online, or in situ analyses, and useful tools characterized by increasingly smaller size, lower cost, higher robustness, easy-to-use by operator, portable and with ergonomic profile. Chemometrics play a fundamental role to obtain useful and meaningful results from NIR spectra. In this review, portable NIRs applications, published in the period 2019-2022, have been selected to indicate starting references. These publications have been chosen among the many examples of the most recent applications to demonstrate the potential of this analytical approach which, not having the need for extraction processes or any other pre-treatment of the sample under examination, can be considered the "true green analytical chemistry" which allows the analysis where the sample to be characterized is located. In the case of industrial processes or plant or animal samples, it is even possible to follow the variation or evolution of fundamental parameters over time. Publications of specific applications in this field continuously appear in the literature, often in unfamiliar journal or in dedicated special issues. This review aims to give starting references, sometimes not easy to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gullifa
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Barone
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - E. Papa
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Giuffrida
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S. Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Hoffman L, Ingle P, Hemant Khole A, Zhang S, Yang Z, Beya M, Bureš D, Cozzolino D. Discrimination of lamb (Ovis aries), emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), camel (Camelus dromedarius) and beef (Bos taurus) binary mixtures using a portable near infrared instrument combined with chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122506. [PMID: 36868023 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumers demand safe and nutritious foods at accessible prices; where issues associated with adulteration, fraud, and provenance have become important aspects to be considered by the modern food industry. There are many analytical techniques and methods available to determine food composition and quality, including food security. Among them, vibrational spectroscopy techniques are at the first line of defence (near and mid infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy). In this study, a portable near infrared (NIR) instrument was evaluated to identify different levels of adulteration between binary mixtures of exotic and traditional meat species. Fresh meat cuts of lamb (Ovis aries), emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), camel (Camelus dromedarius) and beef (Bos taurus) sourced from a commercial abattoir were used to make different binary mixtures (95 % %w/w, 90 % %w/w, 50 % %w/w, 10 % %w/w and 5 % %w/w) and analysed using a portable NIR instrument. The NIR spectra of the meat mixtures was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Two isosbestic points corresponding to absorbances at 1028 nm and 1224 nm were found to be consistent across all the binary mixtures analysed. The coefficient of determination in cross validation (R2) obtained for the determination of the per cent of species in a binary mixture was above 90 % with a standard error in cross validation (SECV) ranging between 12.6 and 15 %w/w. Overall, the results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy can determine the level or ratio of adulteration in the binary mixtures of minced meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hoffman
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - P Ingle
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A Hemant Khole
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - S Zhang
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Z Yang
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - M Beya
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - D Bureš
- Institute of Animal Science, 104 00 Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Cozzolino
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences (CNAFS), Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Haghbin N, Bakhshipour A, Zareiforoush H, Mousanejad S. Non-destructive pre-symptomatic detection of gray mold infection in kiwifruit using hyperspectral data and chemometrics. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:53. [PMID: 37268945 PMCID: PMC10236597 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and data analysis algorithms was investigated for early and non-destructive detection of Botrytis cinerea infection. Hyperspectral images were collected from laboratory-based contaminated and non-contaminated fruits at different day intervals. The spectral wavelengths of 450 nm to 900 nm were pretreated by applying moving window smoothing (MWS), standard normal variates (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative, and Savitzky-Golay 2nd derivative algorithms. In addition, three different wavelength selection algorithms, namely; competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), uninformative variable elimination (UVE), and successive projection algorithm (SPA), were executed on the spectra to invoke the most informative wavelengths. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA), developed with SNV-filtered spectral data, was the most accurate classifier to differentiate the contaminated and non-contaminated kiwifruits with accuracies of 96.67% and 96.00% in the cross-validation and evaluation stages, respectively. The system was able to detect infected samples before the appearance of disease symptoms. Results also showed that the gray-mold infection significantly influenced the kiwifruits' firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA) attributes. Moreover, the Savitzky-Golay 1st derivative-CARS-PLSR model obtained the highest prediction rate for kiwifruit firmness, SSC, and TA with the determination coefficient (R2) values of 0.9879, 0.9644, 0.9797, respectively, in calibration stage. The corresponding cross-validation R2 values were equal to 0.9722, 0.9317, 0.9500 for firmness, SSC, and TA, respectively. HSI and chemometric analysis demonstrated a high potential for rapid and non-destructive assessments of fungal-infected kiwifruits during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Haghbin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adel Bakhshipour
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Hemad Zareiforoush
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Mousanejad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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11
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Yan C, Cowie M, Howcutt C, Wheelhouse KMP, Hodnett NS, Kollie M, Gildea M, Goodfellow MH, Reid M. Computer vision for non-contact monitoring of catalyst degradation and product formation kinetics. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5323-5331. [PMID: 37234891 PMCID: PMC10208035 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a computer vision strategy for the extraction and colorimetric analysis of catalyst degradation and product-formation kinetics from video footage. The degradation of palladium(ii) pre-catalyst systems to form 'Pd black' is investigated as a widely relevant case study for catalysis and materials chemistries. Beyond the study of catalysts in isolation, investigation of Pd-catalyzed Miyaura borylation reactions revealed informative correlations between colour parameters (most notably ΔE, a colour-agnostic measure of contrast change) and the concentration of product measured by off-line analysis (NMR and LC-MS). The breakdown of such correlations helped inform conditions under which reaction vessels were compromised by air ingress. These findings present opportunities to expand the toolbox of non-invasive analytical techniques, operationally cheaper and simpler to implement than common spectroscopic methods. The approach introduces the capability of analyzing the macroscopic 'bulk' for the study of reaction kinetics in complex mixtures, in complement to the more common study of microscopic and molecular specifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Yan
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Megan Cowie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Calum Howcutt
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | | | | | - Martin Kollie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Martin Gildea
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Martin H Goodfellow
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Marc Reid
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
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12
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Li Q, Zhou W, Wang Q, Fu D. Research on Online Nondestructive Detection Technology of Duck Egg Origin Based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091900. [PMID: 37174438 PMCID: PMC10178549 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As living standards rise, people have higher requirements for the quality of duck eggs. The quality of duck eggs is related to their origin. Thus, the origin traceability and identification of duck eggs are crucial for protecting the rights and interests of consumers and preserving food safety. As the world's largest producer and consumer of duck eggs, China's duck egg market suffers from a severe lack of duck egg traceability and rapid origin identification technology. As a result, a large number of duck eggs from other regions are sold as products from well-known brands, which seriously undermines the rights and interests of consumers and is not conducive to the sound development of the duck egg industry. To address the above issues, this study collected visible/near-infrared spectral data online from duck eggs of three distinct origins. To reduce noise in the spectral data, various pre-processing algorithms, including MSC, SNV, and SG, were employed to process the spectral data of duck eggs in the range of 400-1100 nm. Meanwhile, CARS and SPA were used to select feature variables that reflect the origin of duck eggs. Finally, classification models of duck egg origin were developed based on RF, SVM, and CNN, achieving the highest accuracy of 97.47%, 98.73%, and 100.00%, respectively. To promote the technology's implementation in the duck egg industry, an online sorting device was built for duck eggs, which mainly consists of a mechanical drive device, spectral software, and a control system. The online detection performance of the machine was validated using 90 duck eggs, and the final detection accuracy of the RF, SVM, and CNN models was 90%, 91.11%, and 94.44%, with a detection speed of 0.1 s, 0.3 s, and 0.5 s, respectively. These results indicate that visible/near-infrared spectroscopy can be exploited to realize rapid online detection of the origin of duck eggs, and the methodologies used in this study can be immediately implemented in production practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxu Li
- Department of Computer Science, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Wanhuai Zhou
- Department of Computer Science, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Qiaohua Wang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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13
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Bian X, Wang Y, Wang S, Johnson JB, Sun H, Guo Y, Tan X. A Review of Advanced Methods for the Quantitative Analysis of Single Component Oil in Edible Oil Blends. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162436. [PMID: 36010436 PMCID: PMC9407567 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible oil blends are composed of two or more edible oils in varying proportions, which can ensure nutritional balance compared to oils comprising a single component oil. In view of their economical and nutritional benefits, quantitative analysis of the component oils in edible oil blends is necessary to ensure the rights and interests of consumers and maintain fairness in the edible oil market. Chemometrics combined with modern analytical instruments has become a main analytical technology for the quantitative analysis of edible oil blends. This review summarizes the different oil blend design methods, instrumental techniques and chemometric methods for conducting single component oil quantification in edible oil blends. The aim is to classify and compare the existing analytical techniques to highlight suitable and promising determination methods in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Bian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-22-83955663
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization, Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Joel B. Johnson
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bruce Hwy, North Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yugao Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiaoyao Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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14
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Li Q, Wu X, Zheng J, Wu B, Jian H, Sun C, Tang Y. Determination of Pork Meat Storage Time Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142101. [PMID: 35885343 PMCID: PMC9323386 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of pork meat quality is a significant issue in food safety. In this paper, a novel strategy was proposed for identifying pork meat samples at different storage times via Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and fuzzy clustering algorithms. Firstly, the FT-NIR spectra of pork meat samples were collected by an Antaris II spectrometer. Secondly, after spectra preprocessing with multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), the orthogonal linear discriminant analysis (OLDA) method was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the FT-NIR spectra to obtain the discriminant information. Finally, fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering, K-harmonic means (KHM) clustering, and Gustafson–Kessel (GK) clustering were performed to establish the recognition model and classify the feature information. The highest clustering accuracies of FCM and KHM were both 93.18%, and GK achieved a clustering accuracy of 65.90%. KHM performed the best in the FT-NIR data of pork meat considering the clustering accuracy and computation. The overall experiment results demonstrated that the combination of FT-NIR spectroscopy and fuzzy clustering algorithms is an effective method for distinguishing pork meat storage times and has great application potential in quality evaluation of other kinds of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin Li
- Institute of Talented Engineering Students, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (C.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
- High-Tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment and Intelligence of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Information Engineering, Chuzhou Polytechnic, Chuzhou 239000, China;
| | - Hao Jian
- China Railway Construction Electrification Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Changzhi Sun
- Institute of Talented Engineering Students, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (C.S.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yibiao Tang
- Institute of Talented Engineering Students, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (C.S.); (Y.T.)
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15
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Study on apple damage detecting method based on relaxation single-wavelength laser and convolutional neural network. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Beć KB, Grabska J, Huck CW. Miniaturized NIR Spectroscopy in Food Analysis and Quality Control: Promises, Challenges, and Perspectives. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101465. [PMID: 35627034 PMCID: PMC9140213 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing miniaturization of spectrometers creates a perfect synergy with the common advantages of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which together provide particularly significant benefits in the field of food analysis. The combination of portability and direct onsite application with high throughput and a noninvasive way of analysis is a decisive advantage in the food industry, which features a diverse production and supply chain. A miniaturized NIR analytical framework is readily applicable to combat various food safety risks, where compromised quality may result from an accidental or intentional (i.e., food fraud) origin. In this review, the characteristics of miniaturized NIR sensors are discussed in comparison to benchtop laboratory spectrometers regarding their performance, applicability, and optimization of methodology. Miniaturized NIR spectrometers remarkably increase the flexibility of analysis; however, various factors affect the performance of these devices in different analytical scenarios. Currently, it is a focused research direction to perform systematic evaluation studies of the accuracy and reliability of various miniaturized spectrometers that are based on different technologies; e.g., Fourier transform (FT)-NIR, micro-optoelectro-mechanical system (MOEMS)-based Hadamard mask, or linear variable filter (LVF) coupled with an array detector, among others. Progressing technology has been accompanied by innovative data-analysis methods integrated into the package of a micro-NIR analytical framework to improve its accuracy, reliability, and applicability. Advanced calibration methods (e.g., artificial neural networks (ANN) and nonlinear regression) directly improve the performance of miniaturized instruments in challenging analyses, and balance the accuracy of these instruments toward laboratory spectrometers. The quantum-mechanical simulation of NIR spectra reveals the wavenumber regions where the best-correlated spectral information resides and unveils the interactions of the target analyte with the surrounding matrix, ultimately enhancing the information gathered from the NIR spectra. A data-fusion framework offers a combination of spectral information from sensors that operate in different wavelength regions and enables parallelization of spectral pretreatments. This set of methods enables the intelligent design of future NIR analyses using miniaturized instruments, which is critically important for samples with a complex matrix typical of food raw material and shelf products.
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17
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18
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Müller-Maatsch J, van Ruth SM. Handheld Devices for Food Authentication and Their Applications: A Review. Foods 2021; 10:2901. [PMID: 34945454 PMCID: PMC8700508 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarises miniaturised technologies, commercially available devices, and device applications for food authentication or measurement of features that could potentially be used for authentication. We first focus on the handheld technologies and their generic characteristics: (1) technology types available, (2) their design and mode of operation, and (3) data handling and output systems. Subsequently, applications are reviewed according to commodity type for products of animal and plant origin. The 150 applications of commercial, handheld devices involve a large variety of technologies, such as various types of spectroscopy, imaging, and sensor arrays. The majority of applications, ~60%, aim at food products of plant origin. The technologies are not specifically aimed at certain commodities or product features, and no single technology can be applied for authentication of all commodities. Nevertheless, many useful applications have been developed for many food commodities. However, the use of these applications in practice is still in its infancy. This is largely because for each single application, new spectral databases need to be built and maintained. Therefore, apart from developing applications, a focus on sharing and re-use of data and calibration transfers is pivotal to remove this bottleneck and to increase the implementation of these technologies in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Müller-Maatsch
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Saskia M. van Ruth
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Kucha CT, Liu L, Ngadi M, Gariépy C. Anisotropic effect on the predictability of intramuscular fat content in pork by hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics. Meat Sci 2021; 176:108458. [PMID: 33647629 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fibrous structure of meat muscle makes it an anisotropic optical material. As such, spectral information varies with the orientation of the muscle. In this study, spectral data from pork cuts were obtained by a transverse scan (TRANSCAN), radial scan (RADISCAN), and longitudinal scan (LONGSCAN) by using hyperspectral imaging. The information was used to develop and compare the prediction models for intramuscular (IMF) content prediction by partial least square regression (PLSR), support vector machines regression (SVMR), and backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN). The three modeling algorithms showed equal capability for modeling IMF in pork. The accuracy of the prediction models from the three scans was in the order of TRANSCAN ≥ RADISCAN ≥ LONGSCAN. Successive projection algorithm reduced the wavelengths to 93%. The reduced wavelengths were used to build new models that showed similar accuracy to the models of the original wavelengths. This study shows that muscle orientation influences the accuracy of the prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Kucha
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Michael Ngadi
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Claude Gariépy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Cassavant West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 8E3, Canada
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20
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Bekhit AEDA, Holman BW, Giteru SG, Hopkins DL. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and its role in meat spoilage: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Beć KB, Grabska J, Huck CW. Principles and Applications of Miniaturized Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometers. Chemistry 2021; 27:1514-1532. [PMID: 32820844 PMCID: PMC7894516 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review article focuses on the principles and applications of miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. This technology and its applicability has advanced considerably over the last few years and revolutionized several fields of application. What is particularly remarkable is that the applications have a distinctly diverse nature, ranging from agriculture and the food sector, through to materials science, industry and environmental studies. Unlike a rather uniform design of a mature benchtop FTNIR spectrometer, miniaturized instruments employ diverse technological solutions, which have an impact on their operational characteristics. Continuous progress leads to new instruments appearing on the market. The current focus in analytical NIR spectroscopy is on the evaluation of the devices and associated methods, and to systematic characterization of their performance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof B. Beć
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and RadiochemistryCCB-Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineLeopold-Franzens UniversityInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Justyna Grabska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and RadiochemistryCCB-Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineLeopold-Franzens UniversityInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Christian W. Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and RadiochemistryCCB-Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineLeopold-Franzens UniversityInnrain 80/826020InnsbruckAustria
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