Risk Factors for Readmission After Same-Day Discharge Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Database Analysis

Ambulatory discharge of patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy results in significantly more adverse outcomes

BACKGROUND

Same-day discharge after sleeve gastrectomy (SDSG) has become more common during the COVID pandemic. Several payers have suggested that they would no longer reimburse for planned inpatient hospital stay for patients undergoing SG. The goal of our study was to determine which, if any, patient groups could safely undergo SDSG.

METHODS

A retrospective analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Project (MBSAQIP) from 2015-2021 was performed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed using demographics, comorbid disease, and participant use data file (PUF) year to determine the risk of adverse events within 30 days of SG by postoperative discharge day.

RESULTS

A total of 702,622 SGs were performed during the study period: 31,308 (4.46%) patients were SDSGs and 409,622 (58.3%) on postoperative day (POD) 1. From 2015 to 2019, the mean percentage of cases that were SDSG was 2.9%. The proportion of SDSG increased to 6.3% in 2020 and 9.6% in 2021. Compared with those discharged on POD 1, SDSG patients were at increased risk for any complication (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.1-1.36), minor complications (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03-1.32), major complications (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.15-1.61), readmission (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.00-1.18), and reoperation (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.16-1.62). Other interventions within 30 days were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

Compared with those discharged on POD 1, SDSG patients are at significantly increased risk for all adverse events analyzed. With growing pressure to shorten or eliminate the use of hospital beds, identification of appropriate candidates for safe SDSG is crucial.

Enhancing readmission prediction models by integrating insights from home healthcare notes: Retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND

Hospital readmission is an important indicator of inpatient care quality and a significant driver of increasing medical costs. Therefore, it is important to explore the effects of postdischarge information, particularly from home healthcare notes, on enhancing readmission prediction models. Despite the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning in prediction model development, current studies often overlook insights from home healthcare notes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop prediction models for 30-day readmissions using home healthcare notes and structured data. In addition, it explored the development of 14- and 180-day prediction models using variables in the 30-day model.

DESIGN

A retrospective observational cohort study.

SETTING(S)

This study was conducted at Ajou University School of Medicine in South Korea.

PARTICIPANTS

Data from electronic health records, encompassing demographic characteristics of 1819 participants, along with information on conditions, drug, and home healthcare, were utilized.

METHODS

Two distinct models were developed for each prediction window (30-, 14-, 180-day): the traditional model, which utilized structured variables alone, and the common data model (CDM)-NLP model, which incorporated structured and topic variables extracted from home healthcare notes. BERTopic facilitated topic generation and risk probability, representing the likelihood of documents being assigned to specific topics. Feature selection involved experimenting with various algorithms. The best-performing algorithm, determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), was used for model development. Model performance was assessed using various learning metrics including AUROC.

RESULTS

Among 1819 patients, 251 (13.80 %) experienced 30-day readmission. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was used for feature extraction and model development. The 15 structured features were used in the traditional model. Moreover, five additional topic variables from the home healthcare notes were applied in the CDM-NLP model. The AUROC of the traditional model was 0.739 (95 % CI: 0.672-0.807). The AUROC of the CDM-NLP model was high at 0.824 (95 % CI: 0.768-0.880), which indicated an outstanding performance. The topics in the CDM-NLP model included emotional distress, daily living functions, nutrition, postoperative status, and cardiorespiratory issues. In extended prediction model development for 14- and 180-day readmissions, the CDM-NLP consistently outperformed the traditional model.

CONCLUSIONS

This study developed effective prediction models using both structured and unstructured data, thereby emphasizing the significance of postdischarge information from home healthcare notes in readmission prediction.

Impact on Anesthetic Agent Consumption After Autonomic Neural Blockade as Part of a Combined Anesthesia Protocol: A Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND

The intraoperative autonomic neural blockade (ANB) was found safe and effective in controlling pain and associated symptoms and reducing analgesic consumption after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). This study evaluated whether ANB performed at the outset of LSG reduces anesthetic consumption and promotes hemodynamic stability.

METHODS

This prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial involved patients undergoing LSG in 2 high-volume institutions. Patients were randomized to receive ANB either at the onset or the end of the procedure. The primary outcome measure was the consumption of remifentanil and sevoflurane. Secondary outcomes included Aldrete scale score differences in the recovery room and hemodynamic stability during the surgery.

RESULTS

In total, 80 patients (40 in the ANB at the onset group and 40 in the control group) were included for analysis. The consumption of remifentanil was significantly lower in the onset group compared to the control group (mean difference -0.04 mcg/kg/min, 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.06 to -0.02; P < .0001). There were no differences in the Aldrete scale scores between the 2 groups. Mean heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also significantly less during surgery in the ANB at the onset group. No complications related to the ANB occurred.

CONCLUSIONS

Performing ANB at the onset of LSG is a safe and effective approach that reduces remifentanil consumption and promotes hemodynamic stability during the procedure. This technique holds promise for optimizing anesthesia management in LSG and other minimally invasive surgeries.

Outcomes of same-day discharge in bariatric surgery

BACKGROUND

Restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic influenced a shift to same-day discharge in bariatric surgery. Current studies show conflicting findings regarding morbidity and mortality. We aim to compare outcomes for same-day discharge versus admission after bariatric surgery.

METHODS

Subjects included patients who underwent primary laparoscopic or robotic-assisted sleeve gastrectomy or Roux-En-Y gastric bypass at an academic center. The inpatient group included patients discharged postoperative day one, and the outpatient group included patients discharged on the day of surgery. Primary outcomes included the number of emergency room visits, reoperations, IV fluid treatments, readmissions, and mortality within 30 days. Secondary outcomes were morbidity, including skin and soft tissue infection, pulmonary embolism, and acute kidney injury.

RESULTS

1225 patients met the inclusion criteria. In the gastric sleeve group, 852 subjects were outpatients and 227 inpatients. In the gastric bypass group, 70 subjects were outpatients, and 40 were inpatients. The mean age was 44.63 (17.38-85.31) years, and the mean preoperative BMI was 46.07 ± 8.14 kg/m2. The subjects in the outpatient group had lower BMI with fewer comorbidities. The groups differed significantly in age, BMI, and presence of several chronic comorbidities. The inpatient and outpatient groups for each surgery type did not differ significantly regarding reoperations, IV fluid treatments, or 30-day mortality. The inpatient sleeve group demonstrated a significantly higher readmission percentage than the outpatient group (4.6% vs 2.1%; p = 0.02882). The inpatient bypass group showed significantly greater ER visits (21.7% vs 10%; p = 0.0108). The incidence of adverse events regarding the secondary outcomes was not statistically different.

CONCLUSION

Same-day discharge after bariatric surgery is a safe and reasonable option for patients with few comorbidities.

Safety of Same-Day Discharge after Bariatric Surgery: Retrospective 6-Year North American Analysis

BACKGROUND

With increasing implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols and rising demand for inpatient hospital beds accentuated by COVID-19, there has been interest in same-day discharge (SDD) for bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the national trends, safety profile, and risk factors for complications of SDD for minimally invasive bariatric surgery.

STUDY DESIGN

We analyzed the MBSAQIP database from 2016 to 2021 to characterize trends in SDD for minimally invasive bariatric operation. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on preoperative patient characteristics predictive of increased complications associated with SDD. A comparative analysis of postoperative outcomes within 30 days was performed for SDD and admission after 1:1 nearest neighbor propensity score matching for patient demographics and preoperative comorbidities.

RESULTS

SDD increased from 2.4% in 2016 to 7.4% in 2021. Major preoperative factors associated with increased complications for SDD included Black race, history of MI, renal insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis, and smoking. SDD for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass had 72% increased risk of postoperative complications compared with sleeve gastrectomy. The overall major complications were lower in SDD cohort vs admission cohort (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, p < 0.01). However, there was a significant increase in deaths within 30 days (OR 2.11, p = 0.01), cardiac arrest (OR 2.73; p < 0.01), and dehydration requiring treatment (OR 1.33; p < 0.01) in SDD cohort compared with admission cohort.

CONCLUSIONS

Nationally, there has been a rise in SDD for bariatric operation from 2016 to 2021. Matched analysis demonstrates that SDD is associated with a significantly higher mortality rate. Additionally, the risk of complications with SDD is higher for RYGB compared with sleeve gastrectomy. Therefore, further studies are required to appropriately select patients for whom bariatric surgery can be safely performed as an outpatient.

A Prospective Multicenter Standard of Care Study of Outpatient Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

A global shift is occurring as hospital procedures move to ambulatory surgical settings. Surgeons have performed outpatient sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in bariatric surgery since 2010. However, prospective trials are needed to ensure its safety before widespread adoption.

PURPOSE

The study aimed to present a comprehensive report on the prospective data collection of 30-day outcomes of outpatient primary laparoscopic SG (LSG). This trial seeks to assess whether outpatient LSG is non-inferior to hospital-based surgery in selected patients who meet the outpatient surgery criteria set by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study is funded by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons and has been approved by the Advarra Institutional Review Board (Pro00055990). Cognizant of the necessity for a prospective approach, data collection commenced after patients underwent primary LSG procedures, spanning from August 2021 to September 2022, at six medical centers across the USA. Data centralization was facilitated through ArborMetrix. Each center has its own enhanced recovery protocols, and no attempt was made to standardize the protocols.

RESULTS

The analysis included 365 patients with a mean preoperative BMI of 43.7 ± 5.7 kg/m2. Rates for 30-day complications, reoperations, readmissions, emergency department visits, and urgent care visits were low: 1.6%, .5%, .2%, .2%, and 0%, respectively. Two patients (0.5%) experienced grade IIIb complications. There were no mortalities or leaks reported.

CONCLUSION

The prospective cohort study suggests that same-day discharge following LSG seems safe in highly selected patients at experienced US centers.

Evaluating metabolic and bariatric surgery fellows' attitudes toward their training

BACKGROUND

The American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgeons (ASMBS) Leadership Academy is conducted at the ASMBS Weekend to prepare surgeons for practice, while in their fellowship.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this analysis is to gather the views of current fellows in training on issues regarding practice patterns and career development.

SETTING

Survey at ASMBS Fellows Leadership Academy.

METHODS

An online survey was conducted at the last 2 ASMBS Leadership Academy Meetings at the ASMBS Weekend. There were 14 questions. There were 61 respondents. Twenty-three respondents had incomplete surveys and were not included in the final analysis. There were 24 fellows surveyed at the Leadership Academy in November 2022, in San Antonio, TX and 37 in January 2022, in Las Vegas, NV.

RESULTS

Fifty-eight percent of attendees were interviewing for employment after their fellowship with 3.64% already employed. Eighteen percent had employment secured upon completion of their fellowship. Of the academic fellows, 29.1% believe that private practice will no longer exist in 2030 and 10.9% of attendees believe that we will have Medicare for all by 2030. Fellows in academic programs ranked their fellowship as either "best decision of my life" or "great" (96.4%) and 3.6% ranked it as "useless (not good/not bad)." Ninety-three percent of attendees said they would do a bariatric fellowship again. Of those that said they would not, all were from a robotic fellowship program. Of those that would do a bariatric fellowship again, 80% stated they would do so at the same institution.

CONCLUSIONS

The fellows that attended the ASMBS Leadership Academy overall were very pleased with their fellowship experience, and most would choose to do a MIS/bariatric fellowship again.

Patient's Preference for Same-Day Discharge or Hospitalization After Bariatric Surgery

PURPOSE

Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery protocols have proven to be effective in reducing complication rates and length of stay. Guidelines do not include a recommendation on the length of hospital stay whereas same-day discharge is currently widely investigated on safety and feasibility. However, none of these studies takes patient preferences into account. The study aimed to reveal the patient's preference for outpatient surgery (OS) in patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A single-center preference-based randomized trial was performed between March and December of 2021. Adult patients planned for primary bariatric surgery were able to choose their care pathway, either OS with remote heart and respiratory rate monitoring by a wearable data logger or standard care with at least one-night hospitalization.

RESULTS

Out of the 202 patients, nearly everyone (98.5%) had a preference. Of 199 patients, 99 (49.7%) chose inpatient surgery. Of the 100 with a preference for OS, 23 stayed in the hospital due to medical reasons and 12 patients changed their preference. Based on both initial preference and changed preference, there were no differences between sex, age, body mass index, and co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation, nor in the use of anticoagulants or type of surgery.

CONCLUSION

Patients seemed to have a strong preference for their stay after a bariatric procedure. The preference is equally divided between outpatient and inpatient surgery and is not influenced by any patient characteristics.

Gender, BMI, Patient Comorbidities, and Hospital Characteristics Influence 30-Day Readmission Following Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy

PURPOSE

Obesity impacts 300 million people worldwide and the number continues to increase. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is one of several bariatric procedures offered to help these individuals achieve a healthier life. Here, we report 30-day readmission rates and risk factors for readmission after gastrectomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We used the US Healthcare Utilization Project's Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) from 2016 to 2019 for patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy and evaluated 30-day readmission rates, comparing readmitted patients to non-readmitted patients. Confounder adjusted and unadjusted analysis were proceeded to the potential factors.

RESULTS

The study population consisted of 235,563 patients, with a 3.0% readmission rate. Factors associated with a higher readmission rate included older age, male gender, higher BMI, Medicare as the primary payer, longer length of stay, higher total charge, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, higher Elixhauser-Comorbidity Index, lower household income, non-elective admission type, and non-routine disposition. Additionally, larger hospital bed size, and private, invest-own hospital ownership were associated with higher readmission rates. After adjusting for confounders, several comorbidities and complications were found to be significantly associated with readmission, including ileus, abnormal weight loss, postprocedural complications of digestive system, acute posthemorrhagic anemia, and history of pulmonary embolism (all p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Patient characteristics including age, BMI, and payment source, as well as hospital characteristics, can impact the 30-day readmission after LSG. Such factors should be considered by CMS when deciding on penalties related to readmission.

Bariatric Surgery Before and After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: a Comparative Study of Cases Before the Onset of the Pandemic in a High-Volume Academic Center

INTRODUCTION

At the beginning of the pandemic, studies showed a higher risk of severe surgical complications and mortality among patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection, which led to the suspension of elective surgery. Confinement and lockdown measures were shown to be associated with weight gain and less access to medical and surgical care in patients with obesity, with negative health consequences. To evaluate the safety of bariatric surgery during the pandemic, we compared 30-day complications between patients who underwent bariatric surgery immediately before with those who underwent bariatric surgery during the opening phase of the pandemic.

METHODS

Observational analytical study of a non-concurrent cohort of patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2 periods: pre-pandemic March 1 to December 31, 2019, and pandemic March 1 to December 31, 2020. Surgical complications were defined using the Clavien-Dindo classification.

RESULTS

Pre-pandemic and pandemic groups included 256 and 202 patients who underwent primary bariatric surgery, respectively. The mean age was 37.6 + 10.3 years. The overall complication rate during the first 30 days of discharge was 7.42%. No differences between groups were observed in severe complications (pre-pandemic 1.56% vs. pandemic 1.98%, p: 0.58). No mortality was reported. Overall 30-day readmission was 3.28% with no differences between groups.

CONCLUSION

The findings of this study did not find a difference in the rate of severe complications, nor also we report severe COVID-19 complications in this high-risk population. During the pandemic, with appropriately implemented protocol, the resumption of bariatric surgery is possible with no increased risk for patients.

When do leaks occur? An analysis of the metabolic and bariatric surgery accreditation and quality improvement program

BACKGROUND

Leak is a feared complication of bariatric surgeries. Time to presentation is important in their management. We used the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) to evaluate the rate and timing of leaks.

OBJECTIVES

To determine when leaks present after bariatric surgery.

SETTING

MBSAQIP database.

METHODS

The MBSAQIP Participant Use Files (PUF) for the years 2015-2020 were evaluated. Outcomes of interest were "organ space infection" and "leak." We evaluated the time to presentation for these variables as well as patient characteristics, operative time, complication rates and 30-day outcomes.

RESULTS

There were 370,369 sleeve gastrectomies (SG) and 159,280 Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses (RYGB). We identified 598 (.16%) SG leaks with an average time to presentation of 13.2 ± 7.8 days. For RYGB, there were 520 leaks (.32%) with an average time to presentation of 9.5 ± 7.4 days. Both procedures had longer operative times for the patients with leak; RYGB was 115 minutes versus 131 minutes and SG was 67 minutes versus 77 minutes (both P < .01). SG and RYGB patients with a leak had a higher relative risk (RR) of grade 4 and 5 Clavien-Dindo complication rates. RR of mortality rates in SG patients with leak was 35.2 (confidence interval (CI): 20-61) and in RYGB with leak was 31.4 (CI: 19-50).

CONCLUSIONS

The length of time for SG leak presentation was more delayed than RYGB leak presentation. Surgeons should be vigilant for leaks for at least 3 weeks after surgery. Leaks increase the mortality rate and overall serious complications.

Application of machine learning to predict postoperative gastrointestinal bleed in bariatric surgery

BACKGROUND

Postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a rare but serious complication of bariatric surgery. The recent rise in extended venous thromboembolism regimens as well as outpatient bariatric surgery may increase the risk of postoperative GIB or lead to delay in diagnosis. This study seeks to use machine learning (ML) to create a model that predicts postoperative GIB to aid surgeon decision-making and improve patient counseling for postoperative bleeds.

METHODS

The Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database was used to train and validate three types of ML methods: random forest (RF), gradient boosting (XGB), and deep neural networks (NN), and compare them with logistic regression (LR) regarding postoperative GIB. The dataset was split using fivefold cross-validation into training and validation sets, in an 80/20 ratio. The performance of the models was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and compared with the DeLong test. Variables with the strongest effect were identified using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP).

RESULTS

The study included 159,959 patients. Postoperative GIB was identified in 632 (0.4%) patients. The three ML methods, RF (AUROC 0.764), XGB (AUROC 0.746), and NN (AUROC 0.741) all outperformed LR (AUROC 0.709). The best ML method, RF, was able to predict postoperative GIB with a specificity and sensitivity of 70.0% and 75.4%, respectively. Using DeLong testing, the difference between RF and LR was determined to be significant with p < 0.01. Type of bariatric surgery, pre-op hematocrit, age, duration of procedure, and pre-op creatinine were the 5 most important features identified by ML retrospectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We have developed a ML model that outperformed LR in predicting postoperative GIB. Using ML models for risk prediction can be a helpful tool for both surgeons and patients undergoing bariatric procedures but more interpretable models are needed.

Outcomes of same-day discharge sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Length of stay after bariatric surgery has progressively shortened. Same-day discharge (SDD) has been reported for the 2 most common bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and success of SDD following SG and RYGB. Systematic literature search on SDD after bariatric surgery was conducted in Medline, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and Embase. SDD was defined as discharging the patient during the day of the bariatric operation, without an overnight stay. The primary outcomes of interest were successful SDD, readmission, and morbidity rates. The secondary endpoints included reoperation and mortality rates. A proportion meta-analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of interest. A total of 14 studies with 33,403 patients who underwent SDD SG (32,165) or RYGB (1238) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Seven studies with 5000 patients who underwent SDD SG were included in the quantitative analysis, and pooled proportions (PPs) were calculated for the outcomes of interest. The SDD success rate was 63%-100% (PP: 99%) after SG and 88%-98.1% after RYGB. The readmission rate ranged from .6% to 20.8% (PP: 4%) after SDD SG and 2.4%-4% after SDD RYGB. Overall morbidity, reoperation, and mortality were 1.1%-10% (PP:4%), .3%-2.1% (PP: 1%), and 0%-.1% (PP: 0%), respectively, for SDD SG, and 2.5%-4%,1.9%-2.5%, and 0%-.9%, respectively, for SDD RYGB. SDD after SG seems feasible and safe. The outcomes of SDDRYGB seem promising, but the evidenceis stilllimitedto draw definitive conclusions. Selection criteria and perioperative protocolsmust be standardized to adequately introduce this practice.

Quality of Care Transition During Hospital Discharge, Patient Safety, and Weight Regain After Bariatric Surgery: a Cross-Sectional Study

PURPOSE

Bariatric surgery is established as the gold standard in the treatment of severe obesity. However, a significant proportion of patients experience a substantial weight regain afterwards. Previous research focused predominantly on patients' personal factors. Yet, critical discharge process factors that contribute to patient's adherence after surgical interventions are rarely examined. This study investigated whether high quality of care transitions in discharge management influences weight regain and the likelihood of experiencing adverse patient safety incidents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional study with 578 patients after bariatric surgery was conducted. Participants answered a standardized assessment on the quality of care transition from hospital to home-, surgery-, and nutrition-related characteristics as well as patient safety incidents.

RESULTS

Significant weight regain was observed 24 months after surgery. The association between time since surgery and weight regain was weaker in patients with high quality of care transitions (B = 2.27, p < .001). Higher quality of care transition was also significantly related to a lower likelihood of unplanned hospital readmissions (OR = 0.67) and fewer medication complications (OR = 0.48) after surgery.

CONCLUSION

This study sheds first light on the key influence of high quality of care transitions after bariatric surgery. Improvement efforts into effective discharge processes may establish smoother care transitions and help patients to assume responsibility and compliance with behavioral recommendations after surgery. Moreover, adverse patient safety incidents are less frequent after high quality care transitions indicating both high quality of health services for patients and reducing costs for the health care system.

Selection of Robotic Bariatric Surgery Candidates: a Nationwide Analysis

INTRODUCTION

This study aims to identify risk factors associated with 30-day major complications, readmission, and delayed discharge for patients undergoing robotic bariatric surgery.

METHODS

From the metabolic and bariatric surgery and accreditation quality improvement program (2015-2018) datasets, adult patients who underwent elective robotic bariatric operations were included. Predictors for 30-day major complications, readmission, and delayed discharge (hospital stay ≥ 3 days) were identified using univariable and multivariable analyses.

RESULTS

Major complications in patients undergoing robotic bariatric surgery were associated with both pre-operative and intraoperative factors including pre-existing cardiac morbidity (OR = 1.41, CI = [1.09-1.82]), gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] (OR = 1.23, CI = [1.11-1.38]), pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.51, CI = [1.02-2.22]), prior bariatric surgery (OR = 1.66, CI = [1.43-1.94]), increased operating time (OR = 1.003, CI = [1.002-1.004]), gastric bypass or duodenal switch (OR = 1.58, CI = [1.40-1.79]), and intraoperative drain placement (OR = 1.28, CI = [1.11-1.47]). With regard to 30-day readmission, non-white race (OR = 1.25, CI = [1.14-1.39]), preoperative hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.16, CI = [1.14-1.38]), DVT (OR = 1.48, CI = [1.10-1.99]), therapeutic anticoagulation (OR = 1.48, CI = [1.16-1.89]), limited ambulation (OR = 1.33, CI = [1.01-1.74]), and dialysis (OR = 2.14, CI = [1.13-4.09]) were significantly associated factors. Age ≥ 65 (OR = 1.18, CI = [1.04-1.34]), female gender (OR = 1.21, CI = [1.10-1.32]), hypertension (OR = 1.08, CI = [1.01-1.15]), renal insufficiency (OR = 2.32, CI = [1.69-3.17]), COPD (OR = 1.49, CI = [1.23-1.82]), sleep apnea (OR = 1.10, CI = [1.03-1.18]), oxygen dependence (OR = 1.47, CI = [1.10-2.0]), steroid use (OR = 1.26, CI = [1.02-1.55]), IVC filter (OR = 1.52, CI = [1.15-2.0]), and BMI ≥ 40 (OR = 1.12, CI = [1.04-1.21]) were risk factors associated with delayed discharge.

CONCLUSION

When selecting patients for bariatric surgery, surgeons early in their learning curve for utilizing robotics should avoid individuals with pre-existing cardiac or renal morbidities, venous thromboembolism, and limited functional status. Patients who have had previous bariatric surgery or require technically demanding operations are at higher risk for complications. An evidence-based approach in selecting bariatric candidates may potentially minimize the overall costs associated with adopting the technology.

Bariatric surgeon perceptions of the safety of same-day sleeve gastrectomy in the state of Massachusetts

BACKGROUND

During the past 2.5 years, select bariatric surgeons in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have been implementing same-day sleeve gastrectomy (SDSG). Key reasons for this change have been to reduce risks associated with hospitalization in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to comply with third-party payer preference to reduce costs.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate bariatric surgeons' attitudes about outcomes and morbidity between patients who are hospitalized after sleeve gastrectomy and patients who undergo SDSG.

SETTING

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts (teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School).

METHODS

This prospective cohort study was conducted among bariatric surgeons practicing in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. An anonymous web-based questionnaire was distributed using the Research Electronic Data Capture software. A total of 58 bariatric surgeons in Massachusetts were identified and successfully contacted based on registration with the Massachusetts Board of Registration in Medicine, membership in the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and internet search.

RESULTS

A total of 33 bariatric surgeons in Massachusetts completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 56.9%. Among the respondents, 75.76% have not performed SDSG, reporting patient safety as the major concern, and 24.24% had performed SDSG in the past.

CONCLUSION

Survey responses showed no significant differences in surgeon perception between SDSG and hospitalization after surgery. Optimal patient selection was an important factor influencing surgeons' decisions with regard to performing SDSG. However, bariatric surgeons in Massachusetts are reluctant to perform SDSG.

Is Same-Day Discharge After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Safe? A Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Database Analysis

Purpose

Same-day discharge (SDD) after bariatric surgery is gaining popularity. We aimed to analyze the safety of SDD after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and compare its outcomes to inpatients discharged on postoperative days 1–2.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database for the period 2015–2020. Patients who underwent primary laparoscopic RYGB and were discharged the same day of the operation (SDD-RYGB) and inpatients discharged on postoperative days 1–2 (In-RYGB) were compared. Primary outcomes of interest were overall morbidity, serious morbidity, readmission, reoperation, intervention, and mortality rates.

Results

A total of 167,188 patients were included; 2156 (1.3%) SDD-RYGB and 165,032 (98.7%) In-RYGB. Mean age (SDD-RYGB: 44.5 vs. In-RYGB: 44.6 years), proportion of females (SDD-RYGB: 81.4% vs. In-RYGB: 80.6%), and mean body mass index (SDD-RYGB: 45.8 vs. In-RYGB: 45.9 kg/m²) were similar between groups. Overall morbidity (SDD-RYGB: 11.3% vs. In-RYGB: 10.2%; OR: 1.2, p = 0.08), serious morbidity (SDD-RYGB: 3.1% vs. In-RYGB: 3%; OR: 1.03, p = 0.81), reoperation (SDD-RYGB: 1.4% vs. In-RYGB: 1.2%; OR: 1.16, p = 0.42), readmission (SDD-RYGB: 4.8% vs. In-RYGB: 4.8%; OR: 1.01, p = 0.89), and mortality (SDD-RYGB: 0.04% vs. In-RYGB: 0.09%; OR: 0.53, p = 0.53) were comparable between groups. SDD-RYGB had lower risk of 30-day interventions (SDD-RYGB: 1.1% vs. In-RYGB: 1.6%; OR: 0.64, p = 0.04) compared to In-RYGB.

Conclusion

Same-day discharge after RYGB seems to be safe and has comparable outcomes to admitted patients. Standardized patient selection criteria and perioperative management protocols are needed to further increase the safety of this practice.

Graphical abstract

Paragastric Autonomic Neural Blockade to Prevent Early Visceral Pain and Associated Symptoms After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background

Visceral pain (VP) following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy remains a substantial problem. VP is associated with autonomic symptoms, especially nausea and vomiting, and is unresponsive to traditional pain management algorithms aimed at alleviating somatic (incisional) pain. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic paragastric autonomic neural blockade (PG-ANB) in managing the symptoms associated with VP following sleeve gastrectomy.

Study Design

This prospective, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial involved patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at two high-volume institutions. The patients were randomized to laparoscopic transversus abdominis plane block with or without PG-ANB. The primary outcome was patient-reported pain scores assessed at 1, 8, and 24 h postoperatively. The secondary outcome measures were analgesic requirements, nausea, vomiting, hiccups, and hemodynamic changes immediately after PG-ANB and postoperatively.

Results

In total, 145 patients (block group, n = 72; control group, n = 73) were included in the study. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure significantly decreased 10 min after PG-ANB. The visual analog scale score for pain was significantly lower in the PG-ANB than in the control group at 1 h postoperatively (p < 0.001) and 8 h postoperatively (p < 0.001). Vomiting, nausea, sialorrhea, and hiccups were significantly less prevalent in the PG-ANB group. Patients in the PG-ANB group received fewer cumulative doses of analgesics at 1 h postoperatively (p = 0.003) and 8 h postoperatively (p < 0.001). No differences between the groups were detected at 24 h (p = 0.298). No complications related to PG-ANB occurred.

Conclusion

PG-ANB safely and effectively reduces early VP, associated autonomic symptoms, and analgesic requirements after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Graphical abstract