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Di Fabio G, Zarrelli A. Dihydrophenanthrene Dimers: Why and Where It Is Possible to Isolate Their Precursors. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202201068. [PMID: 36919925 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
An interesting class of compounds of natural origin is dihydrophenanthrene dimers, which are characterized by a series of remarkable biological properties. Considering the hypothesis that each dimer is obtained through a biosynthetic mechanism that involves the coupling of the corresponding radicals of the single dihydrophenanthrene unit, we identified 29 dihydrophenanthrenes. Of these dihydrophenanthrenes, 11 were new compounds that could be isolated from 10 different plant species; 11 had already been identified, but not yet isolated in the 17 different plant species from which the corresponding dimers had been isolated; and 7 were known and had been isolated in the same plant sources of the corresponding dimers. A targeted analysis of several natural extracts from specific plant sources would allow the identification of known or new molecules with potential and/or specific biological activities and, in a final analysis, would confirm the relative biosynthetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Di Fabio
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples FEDERICO II, Complesso Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Armando Zarrelli
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Naples FEDERICO II, Complesso Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Sun YJ, Cao SJ, Liang FN, Li JY, Zhang XY, Li W, Ding LQ, Qiu F. Puerol and pueroside derivatives from Pueraria lobata and their anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113507. [PMID: 36347309 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Five undescribed puerols and puerosides and three known analogues were obtained from the roots of Pueraria lobata. Their structures were determined by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical methods. Since puerol D and puerol C were racemic compounds, resolved into their enantiomers, and their absolute configurations were determined by experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Six of the isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on NO generation and the expression of inflammatory factors in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that (S)-puerol C, (R)-puerol C, isokuzubutenolide A and kuzubutenolide A significantly decreased the NO production (IC50 values in the range of 16.87-39.95 μM). Meanwhile, (S)-puerol C, isokuzubutenolide A and kuzubutenolide A also reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Zhongxin Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Le Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng-Ni Liang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin-Yan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Li-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Upscalability and Techno-Economic Perspectives of Nonconventional Extraction Techniques of Essential Oils. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Nonconventional extraction methods, such as microwave, supercritical fluid, and ultrasonic, are known to be veritable means of producing solvent-free high-quality essential oils. Nonetheless, technical requirements for the utilization of these extraction technologies are often exorbitantly expensive, thereby limiting their utilization. Evidence Acquisition: Although these emerging extraction technologies have been reported to be efficient at a laboratory scale, their techno-economic analyses are necessary for proper upscaling. Scaling up nonconventional extraction has long been regarded as a critical constraint in larger industrial applications with a relatively limited body of published literature on more specific techno-economic analyses. Results: Therefore, an essential oil extraction unit’s techno-economic feasibility should be carefully assessed before an acquisition decision can be made for industrial upscaling. This review critically examined the implications of upscaling nonconventional extraction techniques while taking into consideration their techno-economic benefits. Conclusions: This study will undoubtedly assist researchers and industrial experts make an informed decision on the suitable extraction methods while taking into account the essential oil yield, quality characteristics, energy consumption, and operating costs.
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