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Hamdy DA, Ismail MAM, El-Askary HM, Abdel-Baki AAS, Al-Quraishy S, Mohamed F, Ahmed MM, Fouad FM, Hassan AO, Abdel-Tawab H. Green synthesis of zinc oxide/Allium sativum nano-composite and its efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1912-1925. [PMID: 38558483 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a global health problem threats life of immunocompromised patients. Allium sativum (A. sativum) is one of the therapeutic options for cryptosporidiosis. This study develops green synthesized ZnO-NPs based on A. sativum extract, and assesses its therapeutic application in treating experimental cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice. FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta analyzer were used for characterization of bio ZnO-NPs. The morphology of prepared materials appeared as sponge with many pores on the whole surface that allows the feasibility of bio ZnO-NPs for different biological activities. Its structural analysis was highly stabilized with negative charge surface which indicated for well distribution into the parasite matrix. Twenty-five immunosuppressed Cryptosporidium parvum infected mice, classified into 5 groups were sacrificed at 21th day after infection with evaluation of parasitological, histopathological, oxidative, and proinflammatory biomarkers. Treated mice groups with 50 and 100 mg/kg of AS/ZnO-NPs showed a highly significant decline (79.9% and 83.23%, respectively) in the total number of expelled oocysts. Both doses revealed actual amelioration of the intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary histopathological lesions. They also significantly produced an increase in GSH values and improved the changes in NO and MDA levels, and showed high anti-inflammatory properties. This study is the first to report green synthesis of ZnO/A. sativum nano-composite as an effective therapy in treating cryptosporidiosis which gave better results than using A. sativum alone. It provides an economical and environment-friendly approach towards novel delivery synthesis for antiparasitic applications. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Green synthesis of ZnO-NPs was developed using A. sativum extract. The morphology of prepared ZnO-NPs appeared as sponge with many pores on SEM The study evaluates its therapeutic efficacy against murine cryptosporidiosis The green synthesized ZnO-NPs significantly reduced percent of oocyst shedding, improved the pathological changes, and showed high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Hamdy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mousa A M Ismail
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hala M El-Askary
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | | | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Mohamed
- Nanophotonics and Applications (NPA) Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Materials Science Lab, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Fatma M Fouad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, College of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Aboelsoued D, Abdel Megeed KN. Diagnosis and control of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1133-1146. [PMID: 36457776 PMCID: PMC9606155 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is a pathogenic protozoan parasite infecting the gastrointestinal epithelium of human and animal hosts. In farm animals, cryptosporidiosis causes significant economic losses including deaths in newborn animals, retarded growth, increased labor involved and high cost of drugs. The detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal samples is traditionally dependent on examination of stained slides by light microscope or by advanced microscopical tools such as: electron microscopy and phase contrast microscopy. Immunological diagnosis using either antibody or antigen detection could offer high sensitivity and specificity. Examples for these tests are Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Immunochromatographic tests, Immunochromatographic lateral flow (ICLF), Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) and Flow cytometry coupled with cell sorting. Molecular methods could differentiate species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium and help in studying the epidemiological features of this parasite with rapid, simple and sensitive procedures. Nanotechnology-based platforms could improve the sensitivity and specificity of other detection methods like: ELISA, ICLF, IFA and polymerase chain reaction. As the available prophylactic and therapeutic drugs or natural products treatments are insufficient and no approved vaccines are available, the best approach to control this parasite is by following firm hygienic measures. Many vaccine attempts were performed using hyperimmune colostrum, live or attenuated vaccines, recombinant and Deoxyribonucleic acid vaccines. Also, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas9 technology could help in Cryptosporidium genome editing to improve drug and vaccine discovery. Another approach that could be useful for assigning drug targets is metabolomics. Probiotics were also used successfully in the treatment of acute diarrhea and they proved a limiting effect on cryptosporidiosis in animal models. In addition, nanotherapy-based approaches could provide a good strategy for improving the potency of any type of drugs against Cryptosporidium and give good anti-cryptosporidial effects. In conclusion, accurate diagnosis using advanced techniques is the key to the control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Aboelsoued
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kadria Nasr Abdel Megeed
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Abd El Wahab WM, Shaapan RM, El-Naggar EMB, Ahmed MM, Owis AI, Ali MI. Anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy of Citrus sinensis peel extract: Histopathological and ultrastructural experimental study. Exp Parasitol 2022; 243:108412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Promotion and inhibition of oxidase-like nanoceria and peroxidase-like iron oxide by arsenate and arsenite. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Jain S, Santana W, Dolabella SS, Santos ALS, Souto EB, Severino P. Are Nanobiosensors an Improved Solution for Diagnosis of Leishmania? Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:491. [PMID: 33916812 PMCID: PMC8066167 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is one of the deadliest neglected tropical diseases affecting 12-15 million people worldwide, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease is important for its adequate management and treatment. Several techniques are available for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Among these, parasitological and immunological tests are most widely used. However, in most cases, the utilized diagnostic techniques are not good enough, showing cross-reactivity and reduced accuracy. In recent years, many new methods have been reported with potential for improved diagnosis. This review focuses on the diagnosis of Leishmania exploring the biosensors and nanotechnology-based options for their detection. New developments including the use of nanomaterials as fluorophores, fluorescence quenchers as reducing agents and as dendrimers for signal improvement and amplification, together with the use of aptamers to replace antibodies are described. Future research opportunities to overcome the current limitations on the available diagnostic approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Jain
- Postgraduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil; (W.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Wanessa Santana
- Postgraduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil; (W.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Silvio S. Dolabella
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - André L. S. Santos
- Paulo de Góes Microbiology Institute, Departament of General Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Postgraduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju 49032-490, Brazil; (W.S.); (P.S.)
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Hu S, Huang PJJ, Wang J, Liu J. Dissecting the Effect of Salt for More Sensitive Label-Free Colorimetric Detection of DNA Using Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13354-13360. [PMID: 32856891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the protection effect of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remain dispersed and retain a red color with the addition of a low concentration of salt, while AuNPs would aggregate in the presence of double-stranded DNA. This difference has been used to design label-free colorimetric sensors for DNA detection. NaCl is the most commonly used salt to induce the aggregation of AuNPs. In this work, we aimed to test if other salts can provide even better sensor performance and to understand the effects of the cations and anions in salts. We first studied the effect of anions, including halides (NaF, NaCl, NaBr, and NaI), and other common salts (NaNO3, NaClO4, Na2SO4, Na2S2O3, sodium phosphate, and sodium citrate). Among them, weakly adsorbing ones such as F-, citrate, and phosphate appeared to yield better sensitivity than Cl-. Anions can directly adsorb on the AuNPs and affect DNA adsorption. We then tested cations, and only group 1A metals (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl) can signal DNA adsorption, while divalent metals (MgCl2, CaCl2, MnCl2, and NiCl2) barely showed the effect of DNA. CsCl only works for strongly adsorbing DNA, such as A15, but not weakly adsorbing T15. Overall, NaF is a better salt than NaCl by having a 2.3-fold higher sensitivity, which was confirmed in a DNA sensing assay. This work has identified a better salt yielding higher sensitivity, and sensing work relying on the change of the aggregation state of AuNPs can benefit from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.,Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Po-Jung Jimmy Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jianxiu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zhang J, Liu J. Nanozyme‐based luminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:1185-1194. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada
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Abstract
Various nanomaterials can mimic the activities of nucleases for hydrolytic and oxidative DNA cleavage on different sites allowing interesting biomedical and bioanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- Center for Informational Biology
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
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