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Ziehfreund S, Tizek L, Arkema EV, Zink A. Identifying sarcoidosis trends using web search and real-world data in Sweden: a retrospective longitudinal study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19260. [PMID: 39164281 PMCID: PMC11335935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Web search data are associated with disease incidence, population interest, and seasonal variations. This study aimed to investigate seasonal and geographical variations of web search data for sarcoidosis and to explore its association with external factors and sarcoidosis incidence in Sweden. Therefore, sarcoidosis-related data from Google Ads Keyword Planer (2017-2020) were generated for Sweden according to its 21 counties. The relationship between search volume and season, region, population demographics, environmental factors, and the sarcoidosis incidence listed in the National Patient Register was assessed. Analyses revealed seasonal variations for Sweden with an overall peak in the spring and autumn. Geographical differences were observed, with a higher search volume for north-western counties and the lowest search volume for Stockholm County. At the country level, the search volume was positively associated with the sarcoidosis incidence. Higher male proportion and older mean age were associated with a higher search volume, while a higher proportion of foreign-born residents, humidity, and mean temperature were associated with a lower search volume. Our analyses detected correlations between web search data, sarcoidosis incidence, and external factors. Analyses of sarcoidosis web search data therefore appear to be a valuable approach to disease surveillance to address medical needs and public interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ziehfreund
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.
| | - Linda Tizek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth V Arkema
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Zink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Aldookhi A, Hassas Yeganeh M, Saleh W, Adhikari M. Sarcoidosis as a Great Mimicker: Diagnostic Challenges in a Patient With Coccidioidomycosis. Cureus 2024; 16:e66716. [PMID: 39262503 PMCID: PMC11390034 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis presents as a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the development of non-caseating granulomas that commonly affect the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes. Manifestations of various conditions such as infections, neoplasms, autoimmune, cardiovascular, and drug-induced diseases can bear resemblance to sarcoidosis. Coccidiosis, attributed to protozoan parasites of the Coccidia genus, primarily affects the intestinal tract but may also display systemic symptoms akin to those of sarcoidosis. In this particular case, we present a 46-year-old immunocompetent gentleman who had an extensive disease despite the patient's well-controlled diabetes and absence of residency in an endemic area with fungal infection, his only pertinent part of the history was his travel to endemic areas for short periods that raised the possibility of thinking about the disseminated fungal infection. The patient's symptoms initially attributed to and treated as sarcoidosis, which later did not respond to steroids, led us to consider other potential causes, including systemic fungal infection Misdiagnosis of the sarcoidosis bears the risk of inappropriate treatment, potentially leading to exacerbated patient outcomes. Consequently, it is imperative for healthcare providers, particularly rheumatologists, to augment vigilance and conduct comprehensive diagnostic assessments encompassing microbiological testing and histopathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Aldookhi
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | | | - Wanda Saleh
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, USA
| | - Manish Adhikari
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Capital Health Regional Medical Center, Trenton, USA
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3
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Gopal K, Howard J, Ramaraj S, Shroff AH, Gamard C. An Unusual Presentation of Neurosarcoidosis in a 64-Year-Old Man: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e60146. [PMID: 38864033 PMCID: PMC11166250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder with an unknown etiology that typically involves the lungs, skin, and lymph nodes, with neurological involvement being relatively rare. We discuss a case of neurosarcoidosis in a 64-year-old man who initially presented with unexplained cognitive impairment, insomnia, hyponatremia, paresthesias, and weight loss and later developed uveitis, diplopia, and dysphagia. Ultimately, findings of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy on chest computed tomography (CT) resulted in bronchoscopy, which led to the diagnosis. This case highlights a rare presentation of sarcoidosis with an unusual constellation of symptoms. We discuss the difficulty involved in diagnosing this disorder as well as its highly variable course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalashree Gopal
- Internal Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Jeremiah Howard
- Internal Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Shyamalee Ramaraj
- Internal Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
| | - Ahaj H Shroff
- Neurology, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, USA
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4
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Martins F, Martins M, Malheiro R. Löfgren Syndrome: A Mosaic of Sarcoidosis Phenotypes. Cureus 2024; 16:e52317. [PMID: 38226315 PMCID: PMC10789483 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune multisystemic granulomatous disease with an unknown etiology. Löfgren syndrome (LS), an infrequent initial presentation of acute sarcoidosis, is characterized by the classic triad of acute arthritis, erythema nodosum (EN), and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL). The presence of this triad offers high diagnostic specificity for sarcoidosis, eliminating the need for a confirmatory biopsy. Typically, LS follows a predictable, self-limiting clinical course. However, atypical presentations require early suspicion and closer monitoring. This case report highlights an unusual clinical manifestation of LS, marked by an incomplete presentation with acute panniculitis and joint lesions in the absence of EN. Acute sarcoidosis should be considered among the differential diagnoses when these clinical manifestations are present, and chest radiography should be performed to rule out BHL. In atypical cases, the disease course becomes less predictable, as exemplified in our case, where recurrence of the disease may occur, necessitating consistent monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Martins
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Miguel Martins
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Rui Malheiro
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, PRT
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5
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Zheng SY, Du X, Dong JZ. Re-evaluating serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:950095. [PMID: 37868968 PMCID: PMC10586325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.950095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which mainly affects the lungs and lymph nodes, as well as extrapulmonary organs. Its incidence, and prevalence rate, and disease course largely vary with regions and populations globally. The clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis depend on the affected organs and the degree of severity, and the diagnosis is mainly based on serum biomarkers, radiographic, magnetic resonance, or positron emission tomography imaging, and pathological biopsy. Noncaseating granulomas composing T cells, macrophages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells, were observed in a pathological biopsy, which was the characteristic pathological manifestation of sarcoidosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was first found in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Its main function is to convert angiotensin I (Ang I) into Ang II, which plays an important role in regulating blood pressure. Also, an ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism exists in the human genome, which is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and sarcoidosis. The serum ACE level, most commonly used as a biomarker in diagnosing sarcoidosis, in patients with sarcoidosis increases. because of epithelioid cells and giant cells of sarcoid granuloma expressing ACE. Thus, it serves as the most commonly used biomarker in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and also aids in analyzing its therapeutic effect and prognosis in patients with sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-yue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Woomer HM, Hamdani TN, Graffeo V, Mustafa B. A Pesky Spleen: A Painful Presentation of Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis. Cureus 2023; 15:e43077. [PMID: 37680400 PMCID: PMC10482125 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory and granulomatous disease of uncertain etiology that can impact various organ systems and exhibits diverse clinical presentations, which adds to the complexity of disease diagnosis and management. Pathologically, it is distinguished by the presence of noncaseating granulomas within the affected organ system. In this case report, we describe a 34-year-old Caucasian female patient with isolated splenic and possible hepatic involvement of sarcoidosis, presenting with severe abdominal pain. The absence of the typical pulmonary, cutaneous, or joint involvement posed challenges in achieving a definitive diagnosis and determining the appropriate management. Imaging studies revealed hepatic and splenic hypodensities, necessitating consideration of various differential diagnoses, including lymphoproliferative disorders, immunological disorders, environmental particle exposure, infectious causes, neoplasms, and drug reactions. The severity of symptoms in this case required hospital admission for pain and nausea control, biopsy, and eventual splenectomy with pathology that confirmed the diagnosis of splenic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hania M Woomer
- Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, USA
| | - Teseir N Hamdani
- Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, USA
| | - Vincent Graffeo
- Pathology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, USA
| | - Bisher Mustafa
- Internal Medicine, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, USA
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7
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Salazar-Rodríguez JA, Sarmiento-Forero D, Hubbe-Tena C, Concha-Del-Rio LE. Sarcoidosis: experience in a Mexican ophthalmological clinic. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:330. [PMID: 37474932 PMCID: PMC10357619 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder in which patients frequently develop ocular manifestations that precede systemic involvement, sometimes it even presents as an ocular isolated form of the disease. The purpose of this study is to report the ocular and systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis in a series of Mexican patients, as there is a low incidence of the disease in this population. METHODS A retrospective case series of patients with positive classification criteria for sarcoidosis who attended Asociacion Para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico, IAP between 2011 and 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to report the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings and treatment. Numerical results were presented using median values and first and third quartiles for distribution. RESULTS Fourteen patients were included in this study, 10 of them had definite ocular sarcoidosis (biopsy-proven), 4 had presumed ocular sarcoidosis. The median age of onset was 52 (34; 67), with a predominance of female patients (71.4%). Ten patients (71.4%) debuted with ocular manifestations. The most common forms of ocular involvement were bilateral anterior uveitis (50%) and panuveitis (28.6%). Median follow-up was 24 (13-49) months. CONCLUSIONS Sarcoidosis is a rare, underdiagnosed condition in Mexico and ocular involvement can be an early manifestation of the disease. Ophthalmologists should be alert to the signs of ocular sarcoidosis and collaborate with a multidisciplinary team to screen for systemic involvement if suspicion is high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Sarmiento-Forero
- Inflammatory Eye Disease Clinic, Asociacion para Evitar la Ceguera en México, I. A. P, México City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Hubbe-Tena
- Inflammatory Eye Disease Clinic, Asociacion para Evitar la Ceguera en México, I. A. P, México City, Mexico
| | - Luz-Elena Concha-Del-Rio
- Inflammatory Eye Disease Clinic, Asociacion para Evitar la Ceguera en México, I. A. P, México City, Mexico.
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Flores JLR, de Ceballos EPG, Hernández-Cruz B, Muñoz AHA, Machuca-Aguado J, Gallardo SR, Venegas JJP. Refractory multisystemic sarcoidosis, a diagnosis and treatment challenge: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:303. [PMID: 37386509 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin. It is characterized by abnormal activation of lymphocytes and macrophages with the formation of granulomas. Most cases have asymptomatic pulmonary involvement. In case of symptoms, they have an excellent response to glucocorticoid therapy. We present a case of sarcoidosis with multi-organ involvement, refractory to multiple treatments including biological. Partial remission was achieved in it. CASE PRESENTATION We report an interesting case of a 38-years-old Spanish woman treated by Heerfordt's syndrome (uveitis, parotiditis, fever and facial palsy) plus pulmonary hiliar adenopathy. A sarcoidosis diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. She was initially treated with an 8 weeks course of medium dose oral glucocorticoids and tapered over 8 weeks with improvement. After the suspension of glucocorticoids a relapse occurs with severe ocular involvement and suspicion of neurological involvement. The patient received multiple lines of treatment with poor response. Finally, after the combination of cyclophosphamide with infliximab, the uveitis resolved, improving the neurological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Sarcoidosis is a benign disease in most cases. In a small percentage of cases behaves aggressively, requiring early diagnosis and immunosuppressive treatment to avoid sequelae. An adequate immunosuppressive therapy based on Anti TNF drugs should be started to minimize damage and improve the quality of life.The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Rodas Flores
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Av Dr. Fedriani 3, 41009, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Blanca Hernández-Cruz
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Av Dr. Fedriani 3, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Machuca-Aguado
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Av Dr. Fedriani 3, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - Salvador Recio Gallardo
- Radiology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Av Dr. Fedriani 3, 41009, Seville, Spain
| | - José Javier Perez Venegas
- Rheumatology Department, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Av Dr. Fedriani 3, 41009, Seville, Spain
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9
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Soto F, Torre-Sada LF, Mott FE, Kim ST, Nurieva R, Shannon VR, Faiz SA, Casal RF, Altan M, Lin J, Sheshadri A. Sarcoidosis and Airway Disease After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Case Study and Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2023; 6:111-116. [PMID: 37214206 PMCID: PMC10195014 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is typically a severe and potentially fatal complication, but these observations are driven by the most common toxicity, pneumonitis. Rarer pulmonary immune related adverse events, like airway disease and sarcoidosis, may have a more benign course. In this case report, we present a patient in whom therapy with the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab resulted in severe eosinophilic asthma and sarcoidosis. This is the first case showing that anti-IL-5 inhibition may be safe in patients who develop eosinophilic asthma after ICI therapy. We further show that sarcoidosis does not necessarily require treatment cessation. This case highlights relevant nuances when clinicians face pulmonary toxicities other than pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Soto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luis F. Torre-Sada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- School of Medicine, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Frank E. Mott
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sang T. Kim
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roza Nurieva
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vickie R. Shannon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Saadia A. Faiz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto F. Casal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie Lin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ajay Sheshadri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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d'Alessandro M. Editorial: Sarcoidosis and autoimmunity: From bench to bedside. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1147529. [PMID: 36895722 PMCID: PMC9989275 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1147529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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11
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Fauter M, Rossi G, Drissi-Bakhkhat A, Latournerie M, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Durieu I, Jamilloux Y, Bailly F, Mahevas M, Sève P. Hepatic sarcoidosis with symptomatic portal hypertension: A report of 12 cases with review of the literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:995042. [PMID: 36619642 PMCID: PMC9812951 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.995042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatosis of unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of immune granulomas. Liver damage is a relatively common extra-pulmonary manifestation, occurring in 3.6-30% of cases. Some patients can develop symptomatic portal hypertension (PH). Few series have evaluated the prognosis of symptomatic PH as well as the efficacy and safety of specific treatment on this complication. Methods This is a multicenter retrospective study of cases of histologically proven hepatic sarcoidosis with symptomatic PH (ascites, digestive hemorrhage) and/or hepatic encephalopathy. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis, biological data, imaging study of the liver, treatment, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results Twelve patients were identified, with a mean follow-up of 140 months. The M/F ratio was 1 and Caucasian origin was the most represented (75%). Seven patients presented with hepatic comorbidities: metabolic syndrome, chronic alcoholism or chronic viral hepatitis. Apart from hepatic involvement, mediastino-pulmonary involvement was the most common followed by osteoarticular and skin. Liver damage was inaugural in two thirds of cases. Nine patients developed ascites, six presented esophageal varices complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding. Three patients presented with both ascites and variceal bleeding. One case of hepatic encephalopathy was observed. Five patients presented signs of hepatocellular insufficiency during follow-up, of whom three had hepatic comorbidities. Eight out of 12 patients required second-line treatment after failure of corticosteroids, three patients underwent ligation of esophageal varices but with recurrent digestive bleeding in all cases. Two patients benefited from a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), also with poor result. At the end of follow-up, five patients were alive and seven patients died. Two patients received a liver transplant, with good result and without recurrence of sarcoidosis on the transplant thereafter. Two patients had quiet sarcoidosis on low dose of corticosteroids and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion Symptomatic PH related to hepatic sarcoidosis is a severe complication, with high morbidity and mortality, and frequent failure of specific treatments of PH. Early management of these patients, with detection of hepatic comorbidities seems important. In case of therapeutic failure, liver transplantation is an option to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fauter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffrey Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Marianne Latournerie
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | - Isabelle Durieu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, France,RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Lyon University, University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France,INSERM U1111, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie/International Research Center in Infectiology (CIRI), University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Bailly
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Mahevas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Pascal Sève
- Department of Internal Medicine, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France,RESHAPE, INSERM U1290, Lyon University, University Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France,Pôle IMER, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France,*Correspondence: Pascal Sève,
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12
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Rhodes MT. An Atypical Case of Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis. Cureus 2022; 14:e32164. [PMID: 36601213 PMCID: PMC9806287 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic, inflammatory condition that affects nearly all organs in the body. Lungs are the most frequent and among the earliest sites for detecting it. The most common extrapulmonary manifestations involve the ophthalmic, cardiac, nervous, reticuloendothelial, cutaneous, hepatosplenic, and renal systems. These extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoid may be misdiagnosed in the absence of the classical pulmonary features, given the high overlap of features with other chronic immunologic diseases. The diagnostic workup to differentiate sarcoid from other similar conditions is extensive, amongst which histology remains a gold standard tool for the diagnosis. Our patient presented with a chronic history of multiple vague complaints including nausea, vomiting, progressive malaise, vision changes, and weight loss. After extensive workup, a diagnosis of sarcoidosis along with multiple rare extrapulmonary involvements was made. The authors highlight essential implications including primary practice goals to avoid misdiagnosis or missed sarcoid diagnoses thus helping improve clinical outcomes in similar populations.
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13
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Pappachristou D. An Atypical Presentation of Sarcoid Myositis. Cureus 2022; 14:e31171. [PMID: 36505178 PMCID: PMC9728987 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a well-characterized inflammatory disease that affects multiple organ systems and can have long-term devastating outcomes if not identified and treated appropriately. The disease is most prevalent among young to middle-aged African American women. It most commonly presents with pulmonary involvement, though there are reported cases of sarcoidosis without pulmonary involvement. Pulmonary presentations can be biopsied, diagnosed, and treated with primary immunomodulation with great treatment success. Here, we present an unusual presentation of sarcoidosis as granulomatosis mucositis in the salivary gland and concurrent rare complication of sarcoid myositis in the rectus femoris in a patient with no evidence of pulmonary involvement throughout the duration of their clinical course. Further, we discuss differential diagnoses related to this patient's presentation as well as the efficacy of treatment modalities available in the management of this disease.
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14
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Alhamadh MS, Alhowaish TS, Alhabeeb AY, Alanazi RB, Boudal A, Al Khathlan K, Alrashid A. Isolated Cardiac Sarcoidosis Presenting as Torsades de Pointes in a Patient With Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e29067. [PMID: 36249601 PMCID: PMC9554836 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated, inflammatory, non-caseating-granulomatous disease that can virtually infiltrate any organ. Cardiac sarcoidosis is a leading cause of death in patients with sarcoidosis. Its clinical presentation is highly heterogenous and unpredictable, ranging from asymptomatic to life-threatening conduction disturbances, such as ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. Herein, we report a case of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis presenting as sinus bradycardia with first-degree atrioventricular block and an episode of non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in a 42-year-old male with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. He was diagnosed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose and treated with oral prednisone.
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15
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Choksi US, Singh G. Testicular Sarcoidosis: An Underdiagnosed Manifestation That Poses Unique Challenges. Cureus 2022; 14:e25942. [PMID: 35720788 PMCID: PMC9199564 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular involvement is a rarely encountered complication of sarcoidosis. There are unique challenges involved when sarcoidosis affects the genitourinary system. These include differentiating the findings from testicular cancer, which often results in invasive procedures such as orchiectomies. It can also be a cause of secondary infertility in men. Additionally, it may also be underdiagnosed. Here, we describe a case where a patient showed a constellation of findings suggestive of sarcoidosis, along with testicular involvement at initial presentation. In this case, the diagnosis was made clinically with supporting laboratory, pathology, and ultrasound findings. The testicular findings were not biopsied, as the patient had easily accessible skin findings to confirm sarcoidosis. His testicular findings are continued to be monitored via ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujval S Choksi
- Family Medicine, Ascension - Our Lady of Lourdes Memorial Hospital, Binghamton, USA
| | - Gurdeep Singh
- Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, Our Lady of Lourdes Memorial Hospital, Binghamton, USA
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16
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Bergantini L, Nardelli G, d’Alessandro M, Montuori G, Piccioli C, Rosi E, Gangi S, Cavallaro D, Cameli P, Bargagli E. Combined Sarcoidosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (CSIPF): A New Phenotype or a Fortuitous Overlap? Scoping Review and Case Series. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11072065. [PMID: 35407673 PMCID: PMC8999728 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and sarcoidosis are two distinct clinical entities with different aetiology, epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms and chest imaging. A number of papers have reported an overlap of the two diseases and have suggested the existence of a distinct phenotype defined as combined sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CSIPF). We used the scoping review protocol to review the literature on CSIPF. We also enrolled a cohort of nine CSIPF patients and compared them with lone-IPF and fibrotic sarcoidosis patients. Our CSIPF cohort showed male prevalence and only ex-smokers. Functional assessment at baseline showed mild to moderate restrictive impairment of lung volumes in lone-IPF and CSIPF patients, associated with moderate-to-severe reduction in DLco percentages. Although all CSIPF patients were on antifibrotic treatments, functional impairment occurred in the two years of follow up. This suggests the importance of considering these patients at high risk of rapid deterioration and lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-586713; Fax: +39-0577-280744
| | - Gabriele Nardelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Giusy Montuori
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Caterina Piccioli
- SOD of Respiratory Diseases, Florence University Hospital, 50100 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisabetta Rosi
- SOD of Respiratory Diseases, Florence University Hospital, 50100 Florence, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Sara Gangi
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Dalila Cavallaro
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese (AOUS), 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.N.); (M.d.); (G.M.); (S.G.); (D.C.); (P.C.); (E.B.)
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17
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Hasbani GE, Uthman I, Jawad AS. Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Sarcoidosis. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 2022; 15:11795441211072475. [PMID: 35185345 PMCID: PMC8854226 DOI: 10.1177/11795441211072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial description in the late 19th century, sarcoidosis has been extensively studied. Although the general mechanism of immune activation is known, many details especially in the context of disease associations are still missing. One of such associations is the musculoskeletal complications that are widely variable in terms of presentation and response to treatment. Sarcoidosis can involve the joints leading to acute and, less commonly chronic, arthritis. While acute arthritis is mostly self-resolving in nature, chronic arthritis may lead to deformity and destruction of the joint. Sarcoidosis can also involve the muscles, leading to different pathologies primarily categorized according to the clinical presentation, despite the efforts to find a new classification based on imaging, histological, and clinical findings. The bones can be directly and indirectly affected. Different types of bone lesions have been described, although around half of these patients remain asymptomatic. Osteoporosis, increased risk of fractures, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria are examples of the indirect effect of sarcoidosis on the bones, possibly contributed to elevated levels of calcitriol. Nevertheless, sarcoidosis can be associated with small-vessel, medium-vessel, and large vessel vasculitis, although it is frequently difficult to differentiate between the co-existence of a pure vasculitis and sarcoidosis and sarcoid vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges El Hasbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Imad Uthman
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Sm Jawad
- Department of Rheumatology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Faria C, Fernandes M, Cunha R, Moreira H, Costa R. Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: Diagnosis in a Relapsing Case. Cureus 2021; 13:e19542. [PMID: 34934560 PMCID: PMC8668199 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy is varied. Different age groups require different approaches. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease or histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis is a rare but important diagnosis to consider after excluding more common aetiologies. We present the case of a 21-year-old female with painful left cervical swelling, lasting over a week. Physical examination revealed multiple cervical lymphadenopathies, elastic, non-adherent to deep tissues which were tender to touch. Blood tests showed elevated acute phase proteins. Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr, toxoplasmosis, and human immunodeficiency virus serologies were negative. Computed tomography of the neck revealed multiple cervical lymphadenopathies which were round-shaped, some with necrosis and with extracapsular extent. These features could be compatible with tuberculous lymphadenitis. However, interferon-gamma release assay was negative. Excisional biopsy was scheduled, but spontaneous regression did not allow it. Two weeks later she relapsed. Excisional biopsy revealed histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Kikuchi-Fujimoto’s diagnosis demands high clinical suspicion and histological documentation. This case represents a rare diagnosis of a relapsing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Faria
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Marco Fernandes
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Rui Cunha
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisbon, PRT
| | - Hugo Moreira
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa, PRT
| | - Rui Costa
- Internal Medicine, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, PRT
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Haraldsdóttir SÓ, Jonasson JG, Jorundsdottir KB, Hannesson HJ, Gislason T, Gudbjornsson B. Sarcoidosis in Iceland: a nationwide study of epidemiology, clinical picture and environmental exposure. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00550-2021. [PMID: 34912885 PMCID: PMC8666626 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00550-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This nationwide study aimed to elucidate the incidence and clinical characteristics of tissue-verified sarcoidosis in Iceland. A secondary aim was to analyse sex differences and identify possible environmental factors contributing to the pathological process. Materials and methods This is a descriptive study covering 36 years (January 1, 1981 through December 31, 2016). Histopathological reports and electronic hospital discharge registries were reviewed in context for granulomas and/or sarcoidosis. National data were used for comparison regarding smoking habits and occupation, adjusted for age, sex and year of diagnosis. The data were stored in FileMaker and calculations were made by extracting data from this database to the statistical software package R. Results A total of 418 patients (54% females) were diagnosed with tissue-verified sarcoidosis. The incidence rate was 4.15/100 000/year, similar among females and males. The mean age at diagnosis was higher among females (53.0±14.2 years) than males (48.2±13.8 years). Fatigue was the most frequent single symptom (49.7%), but when all respiratory symptoms were grouped, they were the most frequent symptoms (60%). No significant difference was found between smoking status and sarcoidosis. Possible hazardous exposure in the workplace was reported by 19.4% of the cases. Conclusion The incidence of sarcoidosis in Iceland was higher than in an Asian population where the same inclusion criteria were applied. The clinical picture diverges partly from that in the Asian population but resembles that among other Caucasians. Fatigue and respiratory symptoms were predominant. The biphasic pattern of age at disease debut seen elsewhere among females was not evident in Iceland. This paper describes a nationwide study on the incidence of tissue-verified sarcoidosis in Iceland, focusing on clinical symptoms, smoking and occupation. The incidence is low, and main symptoms are fatigue and symptoms of the respiratory tract.https://bit.ly/3ur6jk8
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Gunnlaugur Jonasson
- Dept of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Dept of Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bjorn Gudbjornsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Centre for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Cameli P, Pastore MC, Mandoli GE, Vigna M, De Carli G, Bergantini L, d’Alessandro M, Ghionzoli N, Bargagli E, Cameli M. Strain Echocardiography Is a Promising Tool for the Prognostic Assessment of Sarcoidosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101065. [PMID: 34685436 PMCID: PMC8541057 DOI: 10.3390/life11101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic chronic granulomatous disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Although basic transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is not recommended for the assessment of sarcoidosis, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as more sensitive for the early detection of cardiac sarcoidosis and its outcome. The aim of the study was to assess the utility of left atrial and left ventricular longitudinal STE for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and sarcoidosis relapses. We enrolled 172 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis who underwent TTE and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). All patients were followed for a sarcoidosis relapse and MACE. During a median follow-up of 2217 days, 8 deaths, 23 MACE and 36 sarcoidosis relapses were observed. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly lower in patients with MACE (p = 0.025). LV-GLS < 17.13% (absolute value) was identified as a fair predictor of MACE. Concerning the sarcoidosis control, TTE revealed a reduction of the LV ejection fraction (p = 0.0432), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p = 0.0272) and global peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS, p = 0.0012) in patients with relapses. PALS < 28.5% was the best predictor of a sarcoidosis relapse. Our results highlight a potential role of LV-GLS and PALS as prognostic markers in sarcoidosis, supporting the use of STE in the clinical management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Concetta Pastore
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.P.); (G.E.M.); (M.V.); (G.D.C.); (N.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Elena Mandoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.P.); (G.E.M.); (M.V.); (G.D.C.); (N.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariangela Vigna
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.P.); (G.E.M.); (M.V.); (G.D.C.); (N.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Giuseppe De Carli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.P.); (G.E.M.); (M.V.); (G.D.C.); (N.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | - Miriana d’Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | - Nicolò Ghionzoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.P.); (G.E.M.); (M.V.); (G.D.C.); (N.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy; (L.B.); (M.d.); (E.B.)
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Section of Cardiology, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.C.P.); (G.E.M.); (M.V.); (G.D.C.); (N.G.); (M.C.)
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21
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Maqhuzu PN, Kreuter M, Bahmer T, Kahn N, Claussen M, Holle R, Schwarzkopf L. Cost drivers in the pharmacological treatment of interstitial lung disease. Respir Res 2021; 22:218. [PMID: 34344376 PMCID: PMC8335870 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatments of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) mainly focus on disease stabilization and relief of symptoms by managing inflammation or suppressing fibrosis by (in part costly) drugs. To highlight economic burden of drug treatment in different ILD-subtypes we assessed cost trends and therewith-associated drivers. METHODS Using data from the German, observational HILDA study we estimated adjusted mean medication costs over 36-month intervals using one- and two-part Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) regression models with a gamma distribution and log link. Next, we determined factors associated with costs. RESULTS In Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) mean per capita medication costs increased from €1442 before to €11,000€ at the end of study. In non-IPF subtypes, the increase took place at much lower level. Mean per capita ILD-specific medication costs at the end of the study ranged between €487 (other ILD) and €9142 (IPF). At baseline, higher FVC %predicted values were associated with lower medication costs in IPF (-9%) and sarcoidosis (-1%). During follow up higher comorbidity burden escalated costs in progressive fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD) (+52%), sarcoidosis (+60%) and other ILDs (+24%). The effect of disease duration was not uniform, with cost savings in PF-ILD (-8%) and sarcoidosis (-6%), but increased spending in IPF (+11%). CONCLUSION Pharmacological management of ILD, in particular of IPF imposes a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system. Strategies to reduce comorbidity burden and early treatment may reduce the impact of ILDs on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillen Nozibuyiso Maqhuzu
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Röntgenstr. 1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Bahmer
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf GmbH Pneumology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Internal Medicine I, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Arnold-Heller-Str. 3 /Haus 41a, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, and German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Röntgenstr. 1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Claussen
- LungenClinic Grosshansdorf GmbH Pneumology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Wöhrendamm 80, 22927, Großhansdorf, Germany
| | - Rolf Holle
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Larissa Schwarzkopf
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut Fuer Therapieforschung (IFT), Leopoldstr. 175, 80804, Munich, Germany
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Stanton A, Katz SJ. Internet search results correlate with seasonal variation of sarcoidosis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:227. [PMID: 34256764 PMCID: PMC8276386 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology and pathophysiology of sarcoidosis remains unclear, with epidemiologic studies limited by its relatively low prevalence. The internet has prompted patients to seek information about medical diagnoses online; Google Trends provides access to an anonymized version of this data, which has a new role in epidemiology. We hypothesize that there is seasonal variation in the relative search interest of sarcoidosis, which would suggest seasonal variation in the incidence of sarcoidosis. Methods Google Trends was used to assess the relative search volume from 2010 to 2020 for “sarcoidosis” and “sarcoid” in 7 countries. ANOVA with multiple comparisons was performed to compare the mean relative search volume by month and by season for each country, with a p-value less than 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results Our analysis revealed a significant seasonal variation in search popularity in 4 of the 7 countries and in the Northern Hemispheric countries combined. Direct comparison showed search terms to be more popular in spring, specifically March & April, than in the winter. Southern Hemisphere data was not statistically significant but showed a trend towards a nadir in December and a peak in September and October. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest seasonal variation with a possible peak in spring and nadir in winter. This supports the hypothesis that sarcoidosis has seasonal variation and is more commonly diagnosed in spring, but more evidence is needed to support this, as well as investigation into the pathophysiology of sarcoidosis to explain this phenomenon. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01602-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Stanton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Steven J Katz
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Schreiber T, Brockmann M, Goßmann A, Kosse NJ, Stoelben E, Windisch W. Sarcoidosis involvement of the diaphragm leading to right diaphragmatic elevation: a case report. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2021; 38:e2021011. [PMID: 34316253 PMCID: PMC8288201 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v38i2.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A 69-year-old male Caucasian presenting with dyspnea on exertion related to unilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction as caused by sarcoidosis is described. First, right diaphragmatic elevation was unexplained, while the patient presented with a restrictive pattern in lung function testing using bodyplethysmography and with reduced global and diaphragmatic respiratory muscle strength as evidenced by respiratory pressures. Subsequently, surgical diaphragm plication was performed, unfortunately, without any clinical improvement. Microscopic examination of diaphragm sections revealed a lymphocytic myositis with granulomatous pleuritis showing multiple non-caseating epithelioid granulomas. Accordingly, a lymphocytic alveolitis (26% lymphocytes) with an elevated CD4/CD8 T cell ratio of 8.0% and elevated serum parameters (neopterin and sIL-2 receptor) were established. Consequently, the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis with diaphragm involvement but without extrapulmonary involvement has been established. Therefore, sarcoidosis needs to be considered in any patient presenting with unilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction. The optimal treatment strategy, however, needs to be established in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schreiber
- Department of Pneumology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany.,Hospital Bethanien Solingen, Clinic of Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Solingen, Germany
| | - Michael Brockmann
- Department of Pathology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Goßmann
- Department of Radiology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Juriaan Kosse
- Department of Thoraxic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Stoelben
- Department of Thoraxic Surgery, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram Windisch
- Department of Pneumology, Cologne Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Faculty of Health/School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
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Chauhan A, Jandial A, Mishra K, Sandal R. Acute arthritis, skin rash and Lofgren's syndrome. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:14/6/e239239. [PMID: 34099443 PMCID: PMC8186550 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an autoimmune multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology, which mainly affects the adults in the age group of 20–39 years. The disease can affect any organ in the body but mainly presents as bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, cutaneous lesions, ocular manifestations and arthropathy. Lofgren’s syndrome is an uncommon initial presentation of sarcoidosis which is recognised by the classical triad of acute arthritis, erythema nodosum and bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy. We describe a newly diagnosed case of sarcoidosis who presented as Lofgren’s syndrome. Acute sarcoid arthritis should be kept as one of the differential diagnoses for patients presenting with acute arthritis and skin lesions; and chest X-ray should be considered to rule out bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy in these patients. Early suspicion and identification of classical clinical features are essential to establish early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Chauhan
- Internal Medicine, Dr Rajinder Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Jandial
- Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kundan Mishra
- Internal Medicine, Army Hospital Research and Referral, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Sandal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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25
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Refini RM, Bettini G, Kacerja E, Cameli P, d'Alessandro M, Bergantini L, De Negri F, Rottoli P, Sestini P, Bargagli E, Mazzei MA. The role of the combination of echo-HRCT score as a tool to evaluate the presence of pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:941-947. [PMID: 33151480 PMCID: PMC8195909 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest (mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg), evaluated by right heart catheterization (RHC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate HRCT findings in relation to transthoracic echocardiographic data to better characterize PH in IPF patients and to identify a non-invasive composite index with high predictive value for PH in these patients. 37 IPF patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients underwent a complete assessment for PH, including transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, HRCT scan and right heart catheterization. Right heart catheterization was done in 19 patients (51.3%) as pre-lung transplant assessment and in 18 patients (48.6%) to confirm PH, suspected on the basis of echocardiography. Twenty out of 37 patients (54%) were confirmed to have PH by RHC. Multivariate regression showed that the combination of sPAP, PA area measured by HRCT and the ratio of the diameter of the segmental artery to that of the adjacent bronchus in the apicoposterior segment of the left upper lobe was strongly correlated with mPAP (R2 = 0.53; p = 0.0009). The ROC analysis showed that 931.6 was the ULN for PA area, with 86% sensitivity and 61% specificity (0.839 AUC); 20.34 was the ULN for the ratio of PA area to ascending aorta diameter, with 100% sensitivity and 50% specificity (0.804 AUC). The composite index proposed in the present study could help early detection of IPF patients suspected of PH requiring confirmation by RHC (if deemed clinically necessary).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Metella Refini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gloria Bettini
- Radiology Unit, Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy
| | - Esmeralda Kacerja
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rottoli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, Siena University Hospital, Viale Bracci 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzei
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
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26
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Franquet T, Franks TJ, Galvin JR, Marchiori E, Giménez A, Mazzini S, Johkoh T, Lee KS. Non-Infectious Granulomatous Lung Disease: Imaging Findings with Pathologic Correlation. Korean J Radiol 2021; 22:1416-1435. [PMID: 34132073 PMCID: PMC8316771 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2020.1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious granulomatous lung disease represents a diverse group of disorders characterized by pulmonary opacities associated with granulomatous inflammation, a relatively nonspecific finding commonly encountered by pathologists. Some lesions may present a diagnostic challenge because of nonspecific imaging features; however, recognition of the various imaging manifestations of these disorders in conjunction with patients' clinical history, such as age, symptom onset and duration, immune status, and presence of asthma or cutaneous lesions, is imperative for narrowing the differential diagnosis and determining appropriate management of this rare group of disorders. In this pictorial review, we describe the pathologic findings of various non-infectious granulomatous lung diseases as well as the radiologic features and high-resolution computed tomography imaging features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Franquet
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Teri J Franks
- Department of Defense, Pulmonary & Mediastinal Pathology, The Joint Pathology Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Galvin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chest Imaging, & Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edson Marchiori
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ana Giménez
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Mazzini
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takeshi Johkoh
- Department of Radiology, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kyung Soo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea
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Manansala M, Chopra A, Baughman RP, Novak R, Lower EE, Culver DA, Korsten P, Drake WP, Judson MA, Sweiss N. COVID-19 and Sarcoidosis, Readiness for Vaccination: Challenges and Opportunities. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672028. [PMID: 33996868 PMCID: PMC8119656 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is an immune mediated chronic inflammatory disorder that is best characterized by non-caseating granulomas found in one or more affected organs. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge for clinicians caring for sarcoidosis patients who may be at increased risk of infection compared to the general population. With the recent availability of COVID-19 vaccines, it is expected that clinicians raise questions regarding efficacy and safety in sarcoidosis. However, studies examining safety and efficacy of vaccines in sarcoidosis are lacking. In this review, we examine the current literature regarding vaccination in immunocompromised populations and apply them to sarcoidosis patients. The available literature suggests that vaccines are safe and effective in patients with autoimmune disorders and in those taking immunosuppressive medications. We strongly recommend the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with sarcoidosis. We also present a clinical decision algorithm to provide guidance on vaccination of sarcoidosis patients against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Manansala
- Department of Medicine, Academic Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amit Chopra
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Robert P Baughman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Richard Novak
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elyse E Lower
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Daniel A Culver
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Peter Korsten
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wonder P Drake
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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28
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Paone G, Steffanina A, De Rose G, Leonardo G, Colombo D, Ricci P, Sabetta F, Vaccaro F, Rosato E, Palange P. A life-threatening small bowel obstruction as onset of an unknown sarcoidosis: A case report. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 33:101379. [PMID: 33786300 PMCID: PMC7994781 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology characterized by non-caseating granulomas at the site of disease. A confident diagnosis should be established by the evidence of typical granulomas on biopsy and after exclusion of other conditions. Clinically recognizable Gastrointestinal involvement (GI) occurs in less than 1.6% of patients with sarcoidosis, with data revealing small intestine participation in 0.03% of the cases and few anecdotal reports describe a peritoneal presentation. Clinical manifestations of peritoneal sarcoidosis are abdominal discomfort, bloating, weight loss, epigastric and peri-umbilical pain with or without ascites, bowel obstruction. Treatment depends on symptoms and disease activity. Herein we describe the case of a 42-years-old male patient who developed an acute, life–threatening small bowel obstruction as first manifestation of sarcoidosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only report showing such extensive and acute onset of intra-abdominal sarcoidosis in the absence of a previous disease manifestation and without pulmonary involvement. Abdominal sarcoidosis is a sporadic event and localization without pulmonary involvement is rarer mimicking GI diseases. Reaching abdominal sarcoidosis diagnosis is not a straightforward process. It is pivotal to confirm sarcoidosis diagnosis before subjecting patients to an appropriate treatment. Corticosteroids are considered the cornerstone treatment. Asymptomatic patients may undergo a watch and wait follow-up with no need for a pharmacological therapy. Surgery is not often required but individualized patient evaluation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorino Paone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic, Geriatric Sciences La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia De Rose
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Colombo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ricci
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Vaccaro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Rosato
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palange
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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29
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Wenter V, Albert NL, Ahmaddy F, Unterrainer M, Hornung J, Ilhan H, Bartenstein P, Spitzweg C, Kneidinger N, Todica A. The diagnostic challenge of coexistent sarcoidosis and thyroid cancer - a retrospective study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33550991 PMCID: PMC7868024 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoid lesions may mimic metastatic disease or recurrence in thyroid cancer (TC) patients as both diseases may affect the lungs and lymph nodes. We present the first study to systematically evaluate the clinical course of patients with (TC) after adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) and concomitant sarcoidosis of the lung or the lymph nodes. METHODS We screened 3285 patients and retrospectively identified 16 patients with TC (11 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 3 follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), 1 oncocytic PTC, 1 oncocytic FTC) and coexisting sarcoidosis of the lung and/or the lymph nodes treated at our institute. All patients had undergone thyroidectomy and initial adjuvant RIT. Challenges in diagnosing and the management of these patients were evaluated during long term follow-up (median 4.9 years (0.8-15.0 years)). RESULTS Median age at first diagnosis of TC was 50.1 years (33.0-71.5 years) and of sarcoidosis 39.4 years (18.0-63.9 years). During follow-up, physicians were able to differentiate between SA and persistent or recurrent TC in 10 of 16 patients (63%). Diagnosis was complicated by initial negative thyroglobulin (Tg), positive Tg antibodies and non-specific imaging findings. Histopathology can reliably distinguish between SA and TC in patients with one suspicious lesion. CONCLUSION Physicians should be aware of the rare coexistence of sarcoidosis and TC. Lymphadenopathy and pulmonary lesions could be metastases, sarcoidosis or even a mix of both. Therefore, this rare patient group should receive a thorough work up including histopathological clarification and, if necessary, separately for each lesion.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnostic imaging
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/surgery
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Retrospective Studies
- Sarcoidosis/diagnosis
- Sarcoidosis/diagnostic imaging
- Sarcoidosis/metabolism
- Sarcoidosis/surgery
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnosis
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/metabolism
- Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/surgery
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Wenter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Freba Ahmaddy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Unterrainer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hornung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Harun Ilhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Kneidinger
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Todica
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC LMU) and Interdisciplinary Center for Thyroid Carcinoma (ISKUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Vieira H, Neilsen BK, Sleightholm R, Hankins J, Freifeld A, Moore G, Wahl A, Baine MJ. Diffuse lesions secondary to sarcoidosis mimicking widespread metastatic breast cancer: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:477-481. [PMID: 33489200 PMCID: PMC7813063 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This case of sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic breast cancer serves as a reminder of the need to consider differential diagnoses even when the clinical scenario and imaging findings are highly suggestive of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Vieira
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Beth K. Neilsen
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Richard Sleightholm
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Jordan Hankins
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Alison Freifeld
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Gerald Moore
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Andrew Wahl
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Michael J. Baine
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
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31
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Baraf L, Abu-Shakra M. METHOTREXATE TREATMENT FOR SARCOIDOSIS-INDUCED HYPERCALCEMIA. AACE Clin Case Rep 2020; 6:e311-e314. [PMID: 33244491 DOI: 10.4158/accr-2020-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a patient with sarcoidosis-induced hypercalcemia who responded to methotrexate (MTX). METHODS The described case includes clinical and biochemical reports. RESULTS A 65-year-old woman presented with bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and pulmonary nodules. Her calcium and phosphorous levels were 11.4 mg/dL and 3.5 mg/dL, respectively. Blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were 68 nmol/L and 23 pg/dL, respectively. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis was confirmed by a lymph node biopsy that revealed non-caseating granulomas. Prednisone therapy was efficacious in normalizing the calcium level. However, hypercalcemia recurred when the prednisone dosage was tapered to below15 mg daily. Following initiation of MTX at 15 mg/week, prednisone levels were successfully titrated to 3 mg daily. After a temporary withdrawal of MTX therapy, calcium levels increased dramatically to 17 mg/dL. CONCLUSION MTX can be used as treatment for sarcoidosis-induced hypercalcemia.
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Serraj K, Alaoui H, El Oumri AA, Barrimi M, Bachir H. Effective Voriconazole in an Immunocompetent Patient With Amphotericin B Resistant Systemic Cryptococcal Granulomatosis. Cureus 2020; 12:e11101. [PMID: 33240697 PMCID: PMC7681776 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic management of systemic granulomatosis is a difficult clinical exercise. The most frequent etiologies are tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. However, it is important to search as well for the other causes of granulomas, especially infections and malignancies, the prognosis of which can be poor without adequate treatment. A 67-year-old immunocompetent patient presented with granulomatous adenitis without caseous necrosis. The etiological evaluation had revealed neurological, pulmonary and lymph node systemic cryptococcosis. Conventional antifungal therapy with the triple combination Amphotericin B - Flucytosine - Fluconazole has not been effective, indicating administration of voriconazole. The evolution was rapidly favorable with apyrexia after 48 hours, disappearance of clinical symptoms, normalization of biological parameters of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and major improvement of radiological abnormalities. This clinical case is original by the disseminated involvement, the patient's non-immunocompromised status and the primary resistance to amphotericin B. Our findings underline the importance of carrying out an exhaustive evaluation, reflecting on cryptococcosis in any systemic granulomatosis and knowing the various therapeutic alternatives, in particular, voriconazole if primary response to amphotericin B has not been obtained.
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Hanberg JS, Akgün KM, Hsieh E, Fraenkel L, Justice AC. Incidence and Presentation of Sarcoidosis With and Without HIV Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa441. [PMID: 33123611 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Case reports describe incident sarcoidosis in persons with HIV (PWH). The association between HIV and risk of sarcoidosis, and differences in presentation in PWH, have not been systematically assessed. Methods Subjects were selected from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), a longitudinal cohort study including veterans with HIV and matched uninfected veterans. This was a prospective observational analysis in which we evaluated both the incidence (via incidence rate ratio) and presentation and treatment (by comparison of rates of organ involvement and use of medications) of sarcoidosis in PWH compared with HIV-negative controls. We also assessed risk factors (via Cox regression) associated with the development of sarcoidosis including CD4 count and viral load trajectory. Results Of 1614 patients evaluated via chart review, 875 (54%) had prevalent sarcoidosis and 325 (20%) had confirmed incident sarcoidosis. Incident sarcoidosis occurred in 59 PWH and 266 uninfected. The incidence of sarcoidosis was lower in PWH than uninfected (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.61; 95% CI, 0.46-0.81) and especially low in patients with unsuppressed viremia (IRR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08) compared with uninfected). At diagnosis of sarcoidosis, the median CD4 count among PWH was 409 cells/mm3; 77% had HIV-1 RNA <500 copies/mL. No significant differences were observed between PWH and uninfected in terms of organ involvement, disease severity, or use of oral glucocorticoids. Conclusions HIV, particularly with persistent viremia, was associated with decreased risk of incident sarcoidosis; severity and treatment were similar between PWH and uninfected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Hanberg
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathleen M Akgün
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Evelyn Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liana Fraenkel
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Section of Rheumatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Amy C Justice
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Truong J, Ashurst J. A Case Report of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: An Uncommon Cause of Chest Pain. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med 2020; 4:645-648. [PMID: 33217298 PMCID: PMC7676790 DOI: 10.5811/cpcem.2020.7.48310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chest pain is one of the most common causes of emergency department visits on an annual basis and carries a high degree of morbidity and mortality if managed inappropriately. CASE REPORT A 36-year-old male presented with four months of left-sided chest pain with dyspnea on exertion. Physical examination and laboratory values were within normal limits. Chest radiograph depicted diffuse interstitial nodular opacities throughout the lungs bilaterally with bilateral perihilar consolidations. Computed tomography of the chest demonstrated mid and upper lung nodularity with a perilymphatic distribution involving the central peribronchial vascular regions as well as subpleural and fissural surfaces causing conglomerate in the upper lobes centrally with associated hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The next day the patient underwent bronchoscopy with endotracheal ultrasound and transbronchial biopsies and pathology revealed non-necrotizing, well-formed granulomas embedded in dense hyaline sclerosis consistent with sarcoidosis. DISCUSSION Sarcoidosis is a multi-system granulomatous disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas on pathology. The worldwide epidemiology of sarcoidosis is currently unknown due to many patients being asymptomatic. However, patients may present with a persistent cough, dyspnea, or chest pain. Emergency department management should be aimed at minimizing long-term sequelae of the disease through obtaining labs and imaging after specialist consultation and arranging urgent follow-up. CONCLUSION Although not one of the six high-risk causes of chest pain, sarcoidosis should be included in the differential to minimize the risk of long-term morbidity associated with advanced forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Truong
- Kingman Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kingman, Arizona
| | - John Ashurst
- Kingman Regional Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Kingman, Arizona
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35
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Sano Y, Fujiwara M, Yuasa T, Komai Y, Yamamoto T, Kohno A, Nakao M, Inamura K, Yonese J. Testicular seminoma with a progressing pulmonary nodule and mediastinal lymphadenopathy without retroperitoneal metastasis. IJU Case Rep 2020; 3:211-214. [PMID: 32914079 PMCID: PMC7469829 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular germ cell cancer has a relatively good prognosis even if visceral and/or lymph node metastases are present thanks to chemotherapy. Yet chemotherapy can lead to various adverse events. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish whether a suspected metastatic disease is metastasis or not. CASE PRESENTATION A 33-year-old male visited our hospital to receive subsequent therapy for suspected recurrent seminoma with a progressing pulmonary nodule and mediastinal lymphadenopathy after orchiectomy. The pathological diagnosis of needle aspiration and resected specimen of the several lesions was consistent with epithelioid cell granuloma without caseous necrosis. Based on these findings, the lung and mediastinal lymph node lesions were diagnosed as sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION In cases where the simultaneous occurrence of other benign or malignant diseases is suspected, pathological confirmation is necessary for appropriate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sano
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Motohiro Fujiwara
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Takeshi Yuasa
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Komai
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department ofRadiologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Atsushi Kohno
- Department ofRadiologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Nakao
- Department ofThoracic Surgical OncologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Department ofPathologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
| | - Junji Yonese
- Department ofUrologyCancer Institute HospitalJapanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
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Pasca S, Jurj A, Petrushev B, Tomuleasa C, Matei D. MicroRNA-155 Implication in M1 Polarization and the Impact in Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:625. [PMID: 32351507 PMCID: PMC7174664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are known to have an impact in cytokine signaling in the myriad of organs in which they reside and are classically known to be either pro-inflammatory (M1), anti-inflammatory (M2). Different classes of signaling molecules influence these states, of which, microRNAs represent key modulators. These are short RNA species approximately 21 to 23 nucleotides long that generally act by binding to the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs, regulating their translation, and, thus, the quantity of protein they encode. From these species, microRNA-155 was observed to be of great importance for M1 polarization. Because of it's major implication in M1 polarization microRNA-155 was shown to be implicated in different inflammatory diseases. To name a few, microRNA-155 was shown to be modified in patients with asthma and to correlate with asthma symptoms in mouse model; it has been shown to modulate the activity of foam cells and influence the dimensions of the atherosclerotic plaque and it has also been shown to be of crucial influence in transducing the signal of LPS in septic shock. Because of this, the current review aims to offer an overview of the role of microRNA-155 in M1 polarization, the implication that this poses for the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases and the potential therapeutic possibilities that this knowledge might bring. Currently, microRNA-155 has been used in clinical trials as a marker of inflammation, but the question remains if it's inhibition will be useful in inflammatory diseases, as other products might have a better cost/benefit ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Pasca
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bobe Petrushev
- “Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Matei
- “Octavian Fodor” Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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37
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Grongstad A, Spruit MA, Oldervoll LM, Vøllestad NK, Edvardsen A. Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: Impact on Exercise Capacity and Fatigue. Respiration 2020; 99:289-297. [PMID: 32131065 DOI: 10.1159/000506295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence regarding the impact of multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on exercise capacity and fatigue in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on exercise capacity and fatigue following PR, and to examine whether baseline fatigue was related to change in peak oxygen uptake (ΔV̇O2peak). METHODS Forty-one patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis attending a 4-week inpatient PR program were recruited to this pre-post study. Both maximal exercise capacity, defined as V̇O2peak and measured with a cardiopulmonary exercise test, and fatigue, assessed with the Fatigue Assessment Scale (score 10-50 points), were measured before and after PR. RESULTS There was a statistically significant improvement in V̇O2peak (1.2 ± 2.3 mL/kg/min, p = 0.002), and fatigue decreased significantly (-1.7 ± 3.9 points, p = 0.009) following PR. Unadjusted linear regression analyses demonstrated that age (B = -0.076, p = 0.017) and baseline fatigue (B = 0.196, p = 0.001) were predictors for change in V̇O2peak, while in adjusted analyses (age, sex, baseline V̇O2peak, baseline fatigue, and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide), only baseline fatigue predicted change in V̇O2peak following PR (B = 0.165, p = 0.026). CONCLUSION A 4-week multidisciplinary PR program improves maximal exercise capacity and reduces fatigue in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Baseline fatigue only partly predicted change in V̇O2peak following PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Grongstad
- LHL Hospital Gardermoen, Jessheim, Norway, .,Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,
| | - Martijn A Spruit
- Department of Research and Development, CIRO, Horn, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Line Merethe Oldervoll
- LHL Clinics, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nina Køpke Vøllestad
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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38
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Bennett D, Cameli P, Lanzarone N, Carobene L, Bianchi N, Fui A, Rizzi L, Bergantini L, Cillis G, d'Alessandro M, Mazzei MA, Refini RM, Sestini P, Bargagli E, Rottoli P. Chitotriosidase: a biomarker of activity and severity in patients with sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:6. [PMID: 31906975 PMCID: PMC6945638 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum chitotriosidase is a promising biomarker that has shown high specificity and sensitivity in patients with sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to investigate correlations between serum chitotriosidase, clinical phenotypes, disease localizations and different radiological lung involvement and to identify clinical features associated with over-expression of chitotriosidase in a large cohort of sarcoidosis patients. Methods Chitotriosidase activity was evaluated in a population of 694 consecutive patients (males 39%, age 55.8 ± 12.8 years). Clinical and respiratory functional characteristics, Clinical Outcome Scale (COS) classification, clinical phenotypes proposed by the GenPhenResA project, and radiological assessment, including CT scan, were collected. Serum sampling and clinical and functional assessments at follow-up were also included. Results Significantly higher chitotriosidase activity was observed in sarcoidosis patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Evidence of lung fibrosis with reticular abnormalities and traction bronchiectasis at High resolution CT, presence of multiple extrapulmonary sarcoid localizations and increased 24-h urinary excretion of calcium were associated with significantly higher chitotriosidase activity (p < 0.005). Patients with remitted or minimal disease had lower values of chitotriosidase than patients with persistent disease. At follow-up, patients who required an increase in steroid dose showed an increase in its activity. Conclusions Chitotriosidase is a reliable biomarker of sarcoidosis. It is increased in patients with sarcoidosis correlating with disease activity, severity and multiorgan dissemination. Steroid therapy tended to reduce chitotriosidase expression, however it responded in cases of disease relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bennett
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Lanzarone
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Loredana Carobene
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Bianchi
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Fui
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Rizzi
- Internal Medicine Unit "C. Frugoni", Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Bergantini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cillis
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Rosa Metella Refini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Rottoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences & Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Chronic Inflammatory Arthropathy Preceding Acute Systemic Manifestations of Sarcoidosis: A Possible Overlap of Idiopathic Juvenile Arthritis and Sarcoidosis. Case Rep Rheumatol 2019; 2019:6483245. [PMID: 31886005 PMCID: PMC6925795 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6483245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease with unknown etiology, marked by T lymphocytes and macrophages agglomeration, which leads to the formation of noncaseating granulomas in the affected tissues. We describe a case of a 40-year-old black patient referred to our service for evaluation of nephrolithiasis and persistent elevation of plasma creatinine. He reported important weight loss, fever episodes, and abdominal and low back intermittent pain in the past 6 months. The investigation revealed elevated serum calcium level, hepatosplenomegaly, retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and nephrolithiasis. The initial diagnostic hypothesis was lymphoproliferative disease, but the laparoscopic propaedeutic showed multiple white lesions on the liver surface, which biopsy identified as noncaseating granulomas with asteroid corpuscles, suggestive of sarcoidosis. He was treated with corticosteroids with significant improvement in symptoms and in calcium and creatinine levels. Besides, the patient presented a long-term large joints arthropathy, especially on the knees (with bilateral prosthesis), wrists, and ankles, of unknown etiology. We discuss the systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis related to the reported case, as well as the possible overlapping of idiopathic juvenile arthritis with sarcoidosis.
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40
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NK and NKT-like cells in granulomatous and fibrotic lung diseases. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:487-494. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00578-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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41
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Müller S. Non-infectious Granulomatous Lesions of the Orofacial Region. Head Neck Pathol 2019; 13:449-456. [PMID: 30627963 PMCID: PMC6684712 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-018-00997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatous lesions of the orofacial region are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by a granulomatous reaction to a variety of stimuli. Infectious agents, foreign material, systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders can all be associated with granulomatous inflammation. In the orofacial region primary causes of granulomatosis include foreign body reaction, delayed hypersensitivity to topical agents and idiopathic orofacial granulomatosis. Secondary causes of granulomas include infectious agents, sarcoid, and Crohn disease. For this review, infectious causes of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) including bacteria, parasites and fungi will not be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Müller
- Atlanta Oral Pathology, Emory Decatur Hospital, Emory University School of Medicine, 2701 N. Decatur Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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42
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Ramachandran V, Haidari W, Ahn C, Tull R, Jorizzo JL. Uveoparotid fever as a presentation of sarcoidosis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2019; 32:616-618. [PMID: 31656441 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2019.1624107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveoparotid fever, also known as Heerfordt-Waldenström syndrome, is an uncommon acute presentation of systemic sarcoidosis. Patients may have features of complete/classic or incomplete disease. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care should be initiated to prevent sequelae. Herein, the authors report a rare case of retrospectively diagnosed incomplete uveoparotid fever in a patient with anterior uveitis, parotid gland enlargement, and fever who presented to our dermatology clinic with cutaneous sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasim Haidari
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Christine Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Rechelle Tull
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth Carolina
| | - Joseph L Jorizzo
- Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNorth Carolina
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43
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Burnevich ES, Popova EN, Ponomarev AB, Nekrasova TP, Lebedeva MV, Filatova AL, Shchanitcyna EM, Ponomareva LA, Beketov VD, Bondarenko IB, Tanashchuk EL, Nikulkina EN, Moiseev SV. Autoimmune liver disease (primary biliary cholangitis/autoimmune hepatitis-overlap) associated with sarcoidosis (clinical cases and literature review). TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:89-94. [PMID: 31090378 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.01.000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Clinical features of overlap autoimmune hepatitis/primary biliary cholangitis and morphological-proved sarcoid lesions (lungs, lymph nodes, skin) were performed. Data of long-term clinical observation presented in comparison with the results of laboratory datas, instrumental and morphological studies of liver tissue, lungs, skin. The modern aspects of pathogenesis of association autoimmune and granulomatous diseases arediscussed on the example of clinical cases of combination of cholestatic variants of autoimmune hepatitis and generalized sarcoidosis. Keywords: sarcoidosis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis-overlap, extrahepatic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Burnevich
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,City Clinical Hospital №24 of the Department of Health of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Popova
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Ponomarev
- Department of pathological anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - T P Nekrasova
- Department of pathological anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Lebedeva
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Filatova
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E M Shchanitcyna
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Ponomareva
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - V D Beketov
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - I B Bondarenko
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Tanashchuk
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Nikulkina
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Moiseev
- Department of internal, occupational diseases and rheumatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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A Case Report of Sarcoidosis Mimicking Vertebral Metastasis. Case Rep Med 2018; 2018:5326324. [PMID: 30271436 PMCID: PMC6151222 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5326324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 35-year-old African American male, previously healthy, presented with lower back and bilateral lower extremity pain associated with intermitted night sweats and weight loss. Imaging was concerning diffuse vertebral metastatic lesions. He underwent extensive workup to evaluate for metastatic disease. However, right iliac crest, mediastinal, and left inguinal lymph node biopsies were consistent with sarcoidosis. He was started on methotrexate, folic acid, and prednisone.
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