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Fu Q, Wang Y, Yan C, Xiang YK. Phosphodiesterase in heart and vessels: from physiology to diseases. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:765-834. [PMID: 37971403 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Both cyclic nucleotides are critical secondary messengers in the neurohormonal regulation in the cardiovascular system. PDEs precisely control spatiotemporal subcellular distribution of cyclic nucleotides in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, playing critical roles in physiological responses to hormone stimulation in the heart and vessels. Dysregulation of PDEs has been linked to the development of several cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Targeting these enzymes has been proven effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and is an attractive and promising strategy for the development of new drugs. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex regulation of PDE isoforms in cardiovascular function, highlighting the divergent and even opposing roles of PDE isoforms in different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California, United States
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Chmielewski PP. Exploring the uncharted: Missing anatomical names in the Terminologia Anatomica. Clin Anat 2024; 37:193-200. [PMID: 37596983 DOI: 10.1002/ca.24109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Effective communication and precise navigation within the intricacies of the human body rely on robust anatomical terminology. Since its creation by the Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (FCAT), the Terminologia Anatomica (TA 1998) has consistently served as the benchmark in the field. However, the constant advancement of anatomical knowledge requires regular revisions, updates, and enhancements of anatomical nomenclature to accommodate the latest scientific discoveries. The recent adoption of the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA 2019) by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) has drawn attention to certain notable omissions. Despite over a century of dedicated work establishing standard anatomical terminology, specific widely recognized gross anatomical structures are still absent from the official listing in the Terminologia Anatomica. There is, however, a consensus that the inclusion of names for trivial or variably present structures should be avoided. Accordingly, this article focuses on a thoughtfully selected group of anatomical structures, which are so important that they are routinely discussed during anatomy courses, despite their exclusion from the official lists of anatomical terms. These basic structures hold fundamental importance for both anatomy education and clinical practice. Consequently, their appropriate nomenclature warrants consideration for inclusion in future editions of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Paweł Chmielewski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Daca A, Storoniak H, Dębska-Ślizień A, Kusztal MA, Krajewska M, Lisowska KA. Chemokines and Cytokines Profiles in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-Associated Vasculitis: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15319. [PMID: 37894997 PMCID: PMC10607460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage to small vessels in AAV and inflammatory reactions are accompanied by the release of various chemokines and cytokines. Using a flow cytometry technique, we assessed the levels of specific cytokines, namely IL-1β IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL12p70, and TNF, and chemokines, IFN-α, IP-10, and MIG in the serum from 9 healthy volunteers and 20 AAV patients, where 11 of the patients were not treated and evaluated at the time of diagnosis and 9 were already diagnosed and taking CY + GCS. The obtained results were then compared considering the activity of the disease, the type and titre of the ANCA antibodies, the inflammatory status, and the kidneys' condition. Amongst others, the IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF, and MIG levels were much higher in the serum of AAV patients than in healthy controls, whereas the level of IL-1β was higher in healthy volunteers. Additionally, the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, and MIG negatively correlated with the eGFR level, while the level of IFN-α positively correlated with the titre of PR3-ANCA. As most of the molecules are implicated in trafficking primed neutrophils towards small vessels, looking for links between the levels of these cytokines/chemokines and the clinical symptoms of AAV may facilitate the diagnosis and predict the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Hanna Storoniak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (H.S.); (A.D.-Ś.)
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (H.S.); (A.D.-Ś.)
| | - Mariusz Andrzej Kusztal
- Department of Nephrology and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.A.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Department of Nephrology and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.A.K.); (M.K.)
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Franklin O, Fransson P, Hofhansl F, Jansen S, Joshi J. Optimal balancing of xylem efficiency and safety explains plant vulnerability to drought. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1485-1496. [PMID: 37330625 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In vast areas of the world, forests and vegetation are water limited and plant survival depends on the ability to avoid catastrophic hydraulic failure. Therefore, it is remarkable that plants take hydraulic risks by operating at water potentials (ψ) that induce partial failure of the water conduits (xylem). Here we present an eco-evolutionary optimality principle for xylem conduit design that explains this phenomenon based on the hypothesis that conductive efficiency and safety are optimally co-adapted to the environment. The model explains the relationship between the tolerance to negative water potential (ψ50 ) and the environmentally dependent minimum ψ (ψmin ) across a large number of species, and along the xylem pathway within individuals of two species studied. The wider hydraulic safety margin in gymnosperms compared to angiosperms can be explained as an adaptation to a higher susceptibility to accumulation of embolism. The model provides a novel optimality-based perspective on the relationship between xylem safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Franklin
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peter Fransson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Hofhansl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Jaideep Joshi
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Complexity Science and Evolution Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
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Jullienne A, Szu JI, Quan R, Trinh MV, Norouzi T, Noarbe BP, Bedwell AA, Eldridge K, Persohn SC, Territo PR, Obenaus A. Cortical cerebrovascular and metabolic perturbations in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1220036. [PMID: 37533765 PMCID: PMC10392850 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1220036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The 5xFAD mouse is a popular model of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) that is characterized by early beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and cognitive decrements. Despite numerous studies, the 5xFAD mouse has not been comprehensively phenotyped for vascular and metabolic perturbations over its lifespan. Methods Male and female 5xFAD and wild type (WT) littermates underwent in vivo 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging at 4, 6, and 12 months of age to assess regional glucose metabolism. A separate cohort of mice (4, 8, 12 months) underwent "vessel painting" which labels all cerebral vessels and were analyzed for vascular characteristics such as vessel density, junction density, vessel length, network complexity, number of collaterals, and vessel diameter. Results With increasing age, vessels on the cortical surface in both 5xFAD and WT mice showed increased vessel length, vessel and junction densities. The number of collateral vessels between the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries decreased with age but collateral diameters were significantly increased only in 5xFAD mice. MCA total vessel length and junction density were decreased in 5xFAD mice compared to WT at 4 months. Analysis of 18F-FDG cortical uptake revealed significant differences between WT and 5xFAD mice spanning 4-12 months. Broadly, 5xFAD males had significantly increased 18F-FDG uptake at 12 months compared to WT mice. In most cortical regions, female 5xFAD mice had reduced 18F-FDG uptake compared to WT across their lifespan. Discussion While the 5xFAD mouse exhibits AD-like cognitive deficits as early as 4 months of age that are associated with increasing Aβ deposition, we only found significant differences in cortical vascular features in males, not in females. Interestingly, 5xFAD male and female mice exhibited opposite effects in 18F-FDG uptake. The MCA supplies blood to large portions of the somatosensory cortex and portions of motor and visual cortex and increased vessel length alongside decreased collaterals which coincided with higher metabolic rates in 5xFAD mice. Thus, a potential mismatch between metabolic demand and vascular delivery of nutrients in the face of increasing Aβ deposition could contribute to the progressive cognitive deficits seen in the 5xFAD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Jullienne
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jenny I. Szu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Quan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michelle V. Trinh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Tannoz Norouzi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Brenda P. Noarbe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amanda A. Bedwell
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kierra Eldridge
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Scott C. Persohn
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Paul R. Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pezzella
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Science-Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS-RDM) John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Favero G. Editorial: Vascular function and aging: a focus on oxidative stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1221465. [PMID: 37324395 PMCID: PMC10262208 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1221465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Sapian S, Ibrahim Mze AA, Jubaidi FF, Mohd Nor NA, Taib IS, Abd Hamid Z, Zainalabidin S, Mohamad Anuar NN, Katas H, Latip J, Jalil J, Abu Bakar NF, Budin SB. Therapeutic Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. in Attenuating Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:807. [PMID: 37375755 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a broad spectrum of diseases afflicting the heart and blood vessels and remain a major cause of death and disability worldwide. CVD progression is strongly associated with risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. These risk factors lead to oxidative damage that results in various cardiovascular complications including endothelial dysfunctions, alterations in vascular integrity, the formation of atherosclerosis, as well as incorrigible cardiac remodeling. The use of conventional pharmacological therapy is one of the current preventive measures to control the development of CVDs. However, as undesirable side effects from drug use have become a recent issue, alternative treatment from natural products is being sought in medicinal plants and is gaining interest. Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) has been reported to contain various bioactive compounds that exert anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hypertension, antioxidative, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis effects. These properties of roselle, especially from its calyx, have relevance to its therapeutic and cardiovascular protection effects in humans. This review summarizes the findings of recent preclinical and clinical studies on roselle as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in attenuating cardiovascular risk factors and associated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syaifuzah Sapian
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Asma Ali Ibrahim Mze
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Anizah Mohd Nor
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nur Faizah Abu Bakar
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
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Pogorzelska-Dyrbuś J, Salwowska N, Bergler-Czop B. Vascular pattern in dermoscopy of basal cell carcinoma in the H- and non-H-zone. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2023; 40:273-276. [PMID: 37312905 PMCID: PMC10258705 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2023.127643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) located on the face in the H-zone (nose, ears, eyes), the region corresponding to places of fusion of embryonic masses (EFP) has been associated with a higher risk of deeper invasion and more frequent recurrence. Aim To characterize the dermoscopic image of the vessels of BCC in the H-zone and non-H-zone. Material and methods A retrospective analysis of vessels in dermoscopic images of 120 BCC cases in the H-zone and non-H-zone (the rest of the face) was conducted. The H-zone consists of the nose, ears, eyes and the non-H-zone of the forehead, cheek, chin and the rest of the face and neck. Results Of the 120 lesions analysed, there were 41 (34.2%) in the H-zone and 79 (65.8%) in the non-H-zone. Arborizing vessels, as well as the short-fine-telangiectasias were the most predominant types of vessels present, and their frequency in the H- and non-H-zone was comparable. Significant differences were observed for the occurrence of glomerular and comma vessels, both of which occurred less frequently in the H-zone than in the non-H-zone. Conclusions The dermoscopic morphology of the vessels in BCC tumours in the H- and non-H-zones is generally similar, with differences in the presence of glomerular and comma vessels, which occur more frequently in the non-H-zone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Salwowska
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Bergler-Czop
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Lin D, Martins G, Sanz J, Corral L, Miteva M. A pilot retrospective study on trichoscopy of 21 cases of rosacea of the scalp. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:898-900. [PMID: 36279998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lin
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Giselle Martins
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; GMP Private Trichology Clinic, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jessika Sanz
- New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at Arkansas State, Jonesboro, Arkansas
| | | | - Mariya Miteva
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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Zicarelli F, Agarwal A, Rizzi C, Oldani M, Staurenghi G, Invernizzi A. Correlation Between Retinal Vessel Diameters and Uveitis Activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:13. [PMID: 36877516 PMCID: PMC10007899 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess retinal vein and artery diameters during active and inactive intraocular inflammation in eyes with uveitis. Methods Color fundus photographs and clinical data of eyes with uveitis collected during two visits (active disease [i.e., T0] and inactive stage [i.e., T1]) were reviewed. The images were semi-automatically analyzed to obtain the central retina vein equivalent (CRVE) and central retina artery equivalent (CRAE). Changes of CRVE and CRAE from T0 to T1 were calculated, and their possible correlation with clinical data, including age, gender, ethnicity, uveitis etiology, and visual acuity, were investigated. Results Eighty-nine eyes were enrolled in the study. Both CRVE and CRAE reduced from T0 to T1 (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively), with active inflammation being able to influence the CRVE and CRAE (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0004, respectively) after accounting for all other variables. The degree of venular (∆V) and arteriolar (∆A) dilation was influenced only by time (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Best-corrected visual acuity was influenced by time and ethnicity (P = 0.003 and P = 0.0006). Conclusions CRVE and CRAE are increased in eyes with active intraocular inflammation regardless of the type of uveitis, and they decrease when the inflammation wears off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Zicarelli
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aniruddha Agarwal
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Chiara Rizzi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Oldani
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Invernizzi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Weimerskirch H, Corbeau A, Pajot A, Patrick SC, Collet J. Albatrosses develop attraction to fishing vessels during immaturity but avoid them at old age. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222252. [PMID: 36598019 PMCID: PMC9811633 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals have to develop novel behaviours to adapt to anthropogenic activities or environmental changes. Fishing vessels constitute a recent feature that attracts albatrosses in large numbers. While they provide a valuable food source through offal and bait, they cause mortalities through bycatch, such that selection on vessel attraction will depend on the cost-benefit balance. We examine whether attraction to fishing and other vessels changes through the lifetime of great albatrosses, and show that attraction differed between age classes, sexes and personality. Juveniles encountered fewer vessels than adults, but also showed a lower attraction to vessels when encountered. Attraction rates, especially for fishing vessels, increased through immaturity to peak during adulthood, decreasing with old age. Shy females had lower attraction to vessels and shy males remained at vessels longer, suggesting that bolder individuals may outcompete shyer ones, with positive consequences for mass gain. These results suggest that attraction to vessels is a learned process, leading to an increase with age, and is not the result of preferential attraction to new objects by juveniles. Overall, our findings have important conservation implications as a result of potential strong differential selection on the risk of bycatch for age classes, personality types, populations and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Alexandre Corbeau
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Adrien Pajot
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Samantha C. Patrick
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Julien Collet
- Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1, UK
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Gabriel EM, Sukniam K, Popp K, Bagaria SP. Human intravital microscopy in the study of sarcomas: an early trial of feasibility. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1151255. [PMID: 37124504 PMCID: PMC10130404 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1151255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas comprise a vast and heterogenous group of rare tumors. Because of their diversity, it is challenging to study sarcomas as a whole with regard to their biological and molecular characteristics. This diverse set of tumors may also possess differences related to their tumor-associated vasculature, which in turn may impact the ability to deliver systemic therapies (e.g., chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy). Consequently, response to systemic treatment may also be variable as these depend on the ability of the therapy to reach the tumor target via the tumor-associated vasculature. There is a paucity of data regarding sarcoma-related tumor vessels, likely in part to the rarity and heterogeneity of this cancer as well as the previously limited ability to image tumor-associated vessels in real time. Our group has previously utilized confocal fluorescent imaging technology to observe and characterize tumor-associated vessels in real time during surgical resection of tumors, including cutaneous melanoma and carcinomatosis implants derived from gastrointestinal, gynecological, or primary peritoneal (e.g., mesothelioma) tumors. Our prior studies have demonstrated the feasibility of real-time, human intravital microscopy in the study of these tumor types, leading to early but important new data regarding tumor vessel characteristics and their potential implications on drug delivery and efficacy. In this brief report, we present our latest descriptive findings in a cohort of patients with sarcoma who underwent surgical resection and real-time, intravital microscopy of their tumors. Overall, intravital imaging was feasible during the surgical resection of large sarcomas. Clinical trial registrations ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03517852; ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03823144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel M. Gabriel
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Emmanuel M. Gabriel,
| | - Kulkaew Sukniam
- Department of General Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, United States
| | - Kyle Popp
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sanjay P. Bagaria
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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14
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Han X, Ma Y, Lu W, Yan J, Qin W, He J, Niu LN, Jiao K. Bioactive semaphorin 3A promotes sequential formation of sensory nerve and type H vessels during in situ osteogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1138601. [PMID: 36949886 PMCID: PMC10025372 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1138601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sensory nerves and vessels are critical for skeletal development and regeneration, but crosstalk between neurovascular network and mineralization are not clear. The aim of this study was to explore neurovascular changes and identify bioactive regulators during in situ osteogenesis. Method: In situ osteogenesis model was performed in male rats following Achilles tenotomy. At 3, 6 and 9 weeks after surgery, mineralization, blood vessels, sensory innervation, and bioactive regulators expression were evaluated via micro-computed tomography, immunofluorescent staining, histology and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses. Result: In the process of in situ osteogenesis, the mineral density increased with time, and the locations of minerals, nerves and blood vessels were highly correlated at each time point. The highest density of sensory nerve was observed in the experimental group at the 3rd week, and then gradually decreased with time, but still higher than that in the sham control group. Among many regulatory factors, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) was highly expressed in experimental model and its expression was temporally sequential and spatially correlated sensory nerve. Conclusion: The present study showes that during in situ osteogenesis, innervation and angiogenesis are highly correlated, and Sema3A is associated with the position and expression of the sensory nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Han
- The College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenpin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaying He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Kai Jiao,
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15
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Nobrega LP, de Sá-Haiad B, Ferreira BG. Mechanisms of hydraulic conductivity in the leaf galls of Meunieriella sp. (Cecidomyiidae) in Avicennia schaueriana (Acanthaceae): does vascularization explain the preferred sites of induction? Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:198-207. [PMID: 36394440 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intralaminar galls of Meunieriella result from ground tissue proliferation in leaves of Avicennia schaueriana, a typical halophytic mangrove. We tested if the preferred sites of gall induction were the midribs and secondary veins (SV) at the basal leaf portion, where the galls were expected to be largest; and if the vascular system in galls and adjacent regions was altered to favour water supply in galls, thus increasing their growth. Gall induction sites and gall sizes were quantified according to leaf portions and regions. Anatomical and histometric analyses in vascular and ground tissues of galls and adjacent regions were compared to equivalent regions of non-galled leaves. The galls were largest at basal sites on leaves, the midrib and SV. More galls occurred on the apical portion of the leaf, and on the leaf blade and secondary vein regions. Changes in shape and vascular system area, number and diameter of vessel elements were detected in both galls and adjacent regions. Fewer and smaller-sized vessel elements were observed in regions proximal to the galls and inside them. Gall size is not related with preferred induction sites, which could be explained by factors such as thermal balance. Alterations in the vascular system indicate reduced hydraulic conductivity in the xylem in the proximal region and inside galls, leading to water leakage to gall parenchyma cells. This compensatory mechanism explains the expansion and proliferation of water storage and spongy parenchyma cells in the galls, explaining the higher growth in more vascularized regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Nobrega
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B de Sá-Haiad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B G Ferreira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica), Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Giuffrida R, Conforti C, Blum A, Buljan M, Guarneri F, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Longo C, Paoli J, Rosendahl C, Soyer HP, Jurakić Tončić R, Vezzoni R, Zalaudek I. Vascular Diameter as Clue for the Diagnosis of Clinically and/or Dermoscopically Equivocal Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Basal Cell Carcinomas and Nodular Melanomas. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58121761. [PMID: 36556965 PMCID: PMC9786710 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58121761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of skin malignancies. Besides many progresses, heavily pigmented and amelanotic skin tumors remain still a challenge. We aimed to investigate by dermoscopy if distinctive morphologic characteristics of vessels may help the diagnosis of equivocal nodular lesions. Materials and Methods: A collage of 16 challenging clinical and dermoscopic images of 8 amelanotic and 8 heavily pigmented nodular melanomas and basal cell carcinomas was sent via e-mail to 8 expert dermoscopists. Results: Dermoscopy improved diagnostic accuracy in 40 cases. Vessels were considered the best clue in 71 cases. Focusing on the diameter of vessels improved diagnosis in 5 cases. Conclusions: vascular diameter in addition to morphology and arrangement may be a useful dermoscopic clue for the differential diagnosis of clinically equivocal nodular malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Conforti
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andreas Blum
- Hautarzt-und Lehrpraxis Konstanz, Augustinerplatz 7, 78462 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marija Buljan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fabrizio Guarneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Dermatology, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof
- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Unit, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Caterina Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cliff Rosendahl
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | | - Roberta Vezzoni
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy
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17
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Altube MJ, Caputo EN, Rivero MN, Gutiérrez ML, Romero EL. Photodynamic Therapy with Nebulized Nanocurcumin on A549 Cells, Model Vessels, Macrophages and Beyond. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36559132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the damage mechanisms caused by naturally targeted nanoarchaeosomes made of diether lipids from Halorubrum tebenquichense loaded with curcumin (CUR, nATC), which mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on A549 cells and on THP-1-macrophages, two cell types found in airway cancers. The effect of nATC- PDT on vessels modeled with a chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), after dropping the formulations on its surface covered with mucins, was also determined. nATCs are known to efficiently trap CUR for at least six months, constituting easy-to-prepare, stable formulations suitable for nebulization. CUR instead, is easily released from carriers such as liposomes made of ordinary phospholipids and cholesterol after a few weeks. Irradiated at 9 J/cm2, nATC (made of archaeolipids: Tween 80: CUR at 1:0.4:0.04 w:w, size 180 ± 40 nm, ζ potential -24 mV, 150 μg CUR/15 mg lipids/mL) was phototoxic (3.7 ± 0.5 μM IC50), on A549 cells after 24 h. The irradiation reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ATP levels and lysosomal functionalism, and caused early apoptotic death and late necrosis of A549 cells upon 24 h. nATC induced higher extra and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) than free CUR. nATC-PDT impaired the migration of A549 cells in a wound healing assay, reduced the expression of CD204 in THP-1 macrophages, and induced the highest levels of IL-6 and IL-8, suggesting a switch of macrophage phenotype from pro-tumoral M2 to antitumoral M1. Moreover, nATC reduced the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), -2 and -9 secretion, by A549 cells with independence of irradiation. Finally, remarkably, upon irradiation at 9 J/cm2 on the superficial vasculature of a CAM covered with mucins, nATC caused the vessels to collapse after 8 h, with no harm on non-irradiated zones. Overall, these results suggest that nebulized nATC blue light-mediated PDT may be selectively deleterious on superficial tumors submerged under a thick mucin layer.
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18
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Guan X, Schenk HJ, Roth MR, Welti R, Werner J, Kaack L, Trabi CL, Jansen S. Nanoparticles are linked to polar lipids in xylem sap of temperate angiosperm species. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:2003-2019. [PMID: 35552762 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In previous research, xylem sap of angiosperms has been found to include low concentrations of nanoparticles and polar lipids. A major goal of this study was to test predictions arising from the hypothesis that the nanoparticles consist largely of polar lipids from the original cell content of vessel elements. These predictions included that polar lipid and nanoparticle concentrations would be correlated, that they both do not pass through pit membranes and that they do not vary seasonally because they originate from living vessel element cells. We collected xylem sap of six temperate angiosperm species over the whole year to consider seasonal variation. Concentrations of nanoparticles and lipids in xylem sap and contamination control samples were measured with a NanoSight device and mass spectrometry. We found that the concentration of nanoparticles and polar lipids was (i) diluted when an increasing amount of sap was extracted, (ii) significantly correlated to each other for three species, (iii) affected by vessel anatomy, (iv) very low and largely different in chemical composition from contamination controls and (v) hardly variable among seasons. Moreover, there was a minor freezing-thawing effect with respect to nanoparticle amount and size. Xylem sap lipids included polar galactolipids and phospholipids in all species and neutral triacylglycerols in two species. These findings support the predictions and, by implication, the underlying hypothesis that nanoparticles in xylem sap consist of polar lipids from the original cell content of living vessel element cells. Further research is needed to examine the formation and stability of nanoparticles concerning lipid composition and multiphase interactions among gas, liquid and solid phases in xylem conduits of living plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Guan
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - H Jochen Schenk
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, 800 N. State College Boulevard, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Mary R Roth
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Julia Werner
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lucian Kaack
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christophe L Trabi
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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19
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Ponzo M, Debesset A, Cossutta M, Chalabi-Dchar M, Houppe C, Pilon C, Nicolas-Boluda A, Meunier S, Raineri F, Thiolat A, Nicolle R, Maione F, Brundu S, Cojocaru CF, Bouvet P, Bousquet C, Gazeau F, Tournigand C, Courty J, Giraudo E, Cohen JL, Cascone I. Nucleolin Therapeutic Targeting Decreases Pancreatic Cancer Immunosuppression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 36077801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) microenvironment is highly fibrotic and hypoxic, with poor immune cell infiltration. Recently, we showed that nucleolin (NCL) inhibition normalizes tumour vessels and impairs PDAC growth. Methods: Immunocompetent mouse models of PDAC were treated by the pseudopeptide N6L, which selectively inhibits NCL. Tumour-infiltrating immune cells and changes in the tumour microenvironment were analysed. Results: N6L reduced the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and increased tumour-infiltrated T lymphocytes (TILs) with an activated phenotype. Low-dose anti-VEGFR2 treatment normalized PDAC vessels but did not modulate the immune suppressive microenvironment. RNAseq analysis of N6L-treated PDAC tumours revealed a reduction of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) expansion in vivo and in vitro. Notably, N6L treatment decreased IL-6 levels both in tumour tissues and in serum. Treating mPDAC by an antibody blocking IL-6 reduced the proportion of Tregs and MDSCs and increased the amount of TILs, thus mimicking the effects of N6L. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that NCL inhibition blocks the amplification of lymphoid and myeloid immunosuppressive cells and promotes T cell activation in PDAC through a new mechanism of action dependent on the direct inhibition of the tumoral stroma.
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Li Y, Lu S, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Xiong L. Multifunctional Imaging of Vessels, Brown Adipose Tissue, and Bones in the Visible and Second Near-infrared Region Using Dual-Emitting Polymer Dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:37504-37513. [PMID: 35970519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emitting polymer dots (dual-Pdots) in the visible and second near-infrared (NIR-II) region can facilitate the high-resolution imaging of the fine structure and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in in vivo imaging. Herein, combining high brightness of Pdots and multi-scale imaging, we synthesized dual-Pdots using a simple nano-coprecipitation method and performed multi-functional imaging of vessels, brown adipose tissue, and bones. Results showed that in vivo blood vessel imaging had a high resolution of up to 5.9 μm and bone imaging had a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.9. Moreover, dual-Pdots can accumulate in the interscapular brown adipose tissue within 2 min with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.8. In addition, the prepared dual-Pdots can image the lymphatic valves and the frequency of contraction. Our study provides a feasible method of using Pdots as nanoprobes for multi-scale imaging in the fields of metabolic disorders, skeletal system diseases, and circulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Juxiang Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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21
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Losada JM, He Z, Holbrook NM. Sieve tube structural variation in Austrobaileya scandens and its significance for lianescence. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2460-2475. [PMID: 35606891 PMCID: PMC9540405 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lianas combine large leaf areas with slender stems, features that require an efficient vascular system. The only extant member of the Austrobaileyaceae is an endemic twining liana of the tropical Australian forests with well-known xylem hydraulics, but the vascular phloem continuum aboveground remains understudied. Microscopy analysis across leaf vein orders and stems of Austrobaileya scandens revealed a low foliar xylem:phloem ratio, with isodiametric vascular elements along the midrib, but tapered across vein orders. Sieve plate pore radii increased from 0.08 µm in minor veins to 0.12 µm in the petiole, but only to 0.20 µm at the stem base, tens of metres away. In easily bent searcher branches, phloem conduits have pectin-rich walls and simple plates, whereas in twining stems, conduits were connected through highly angled and densely porated sieve plates. The hydraulic resistance of phloem conduits in the twisted and elongated stems of A. scandens is large compared with trees of similar stature; phloem hydraulic resistance decreases from leaves to stems, consistent with the efficient delivery of photoassimilates from sources under Münch predictions. Sink strength of a continuously growing canopy might be stronger than in self-supporting understory plants, favoring resource allocation to aerial organs and the attainment of vertical stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Losada
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture ‘La Mayora’—CSIC—UMAAvda. Dr. Wienberg s/nAlgarrobo‐CostaMálaga29750Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - N. Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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22
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Hasbani GE, Uthman I, Jawad AS. Musculoskeletal Manifestations of Sarcoidosis. Clin Med Insights Arthritis Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 15:11795441211072475. [PMID: 35185345 PMCID: PMC8854226 DOI: 10.1177/11795441211072475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Since its initial description in the late 19th century, sarcoidosis has been extensively studied. Although the general mechanism of immune activation is known, many details especially in the context of disease associations are still missing. One of such associations is the musculoskeletal complications that are widely variable in terms of presentation and response to treatment. Sarcoidosis can involve the joints leading to acute and, less commonly chronic, arthritis. While acute arthritis is mostly self-resolving in nature, chronic arthritis may lead to deformity and destruction of the joint. Sarcoidosis can also involve the muscles, leading to different pathologies primarily categorized according to the clinical presentation, despite the efforts to find a new classification based on imaging, histological, and clinical findings. The bones can be directly and indirectly affected. Different types of bone lesions have been described, although around half of these patients remain asymptomatic. Osteoporosis, increased risk of fractures, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria are examples of the indirect effect of sarcoidosis on the bones, possibly contributed to elevated levels of calcitriol. Nevertheless, sarcoidosis can be associated with small-vessel, medium-vessel, and large vessel vasculitis, although it is frequently difficult to differentiate between the co-existence of a pure vasculitis and sarcoidosis and sarcoid vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges El Hasbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Imad Uthman
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Sm Jawad
- Department of Rheumatology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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23
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Cui Z, Sun H, Lu Y, Ren L, Xu X, Li D, Wang R, Ma C. Variations in Pedicel Structural Properties Among Four Pear Species ( Pyrus): Insights Into the Relationship Between the Fruit Characteristics and the Pedicel Structure. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:815283. [PMID: 35173757 PMCID: PMC8841830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.815283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit pedicel is the bridge linking the parent tree and the fruit, which is an important channel for water and nutrients transport to the fruit. The genetic specificity determines the characteristics of the pedicel and the fruit, but the relationship between the pedicel structure and the fruit characteristics is unexplored. Combining the investigation of fruit characteristics, the statistical analysis of the pedicel structural properties, and the 2D and 3D anatomical observation of the pedicel, this study found distinctive contributions of the pedicel elements to the fruit characteristics in four pear species. The European pear (Conference) showed distinct fruit shape index and pedicel structural properties compared with the oriental pears (Akizuki, Yali, and Nanguoli). The fruit size positively correlated with pedicel length, fiber area, pedicel diameter, the area percentage of the cortex, and the area percentage of phloem; however, fruit firmness and soluble solids concentration are showed a stronger positive correlation with xylem area, pith area, the area percentage of xylem, the area percentage of sieve tube, and the area percentage of pith. Pedicel elements, including pith, fiber, and cortex, likely play a certain role in the fruit growth due to the variations of their characteristics demonstrated in the four pear species. The porosity, the ratio of the surface area to the volume, and the spatial arrangement of the vessels showed significant variations across the pear species, indicating the distinction of the hydraulic conductance of the pedicels. Our findings provided direct evidence that pedicel structural elements contributed distinctively to the fruit characteristics among pear species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Cui
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoqi Sun
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqin Lu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Ren
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Sanying Precision Instruments Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingli Li
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao, China
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Rosenblum JS, Cappadona AJ, Lookian PP, Chandrashekhar V, Bryant JP, Chandrashekhar V, Zhao DY, Knutsen RH, Donahue DR, McGavern DB, Kozel BA, Heiss JD, Pacak K, Zhuang Z. Non-invasive in situ Visualization of the Murine Cranial Vasculature. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100151. [PMID: 35373177 PMCID: PMC8967186 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding physiologic and pathologic central nervous system function depends on our ability to map the entire in situ cranial vasculature and neurovascular interfaces. To accomplish this, we developed a non-invasive workflow to visualize murine cranial vasculature via polymer casting of vessels, iterative sample processing and micro-computed tomography, and automatic deformable image registration, feature extraction, and visualization. This methodology is applicable to any tissue and allows rapid exploration of normal and altered pathologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J. Cappadona
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pashayar P. Lookian
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Jean-Paul Bryant
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - David Y. Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Russell H. Knutsen
- Laboratory of Vascular and Matrix Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Danielle R. Donahue
- Mouse Imaging Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Beth A. Kozel
- Laboratory of Vascular and Matrix Genetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John D. Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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De Sousa K, Abdellatif AB, Giscos-Douriez I, Meatchi T, Amar L, Fernandes-Rosa FL, Boulkroun S, Zennaro MC. Colocalization of Wnt/β-Catenin and ACTH Signaling Pathways and Paracrine Regulation in Aldosterone-producing Adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:419-434. [PMID: 34570225 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) are a common cause of primary aldosteronism (PA). Despite the discovery of somatic mutations in APA and the characterization of multiple factors regulating adrenal differentiation and function, the sequence of events leading to APA formation remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of Wnt/β-catenin and adrenocorticotropin signaling, as well as elements of paracrine regulation of aldosterone biosynthesis in adrenals with APA and their relationship to intratumoral heterogeneity and mutational status. METHODS We analyzed the expression of aldosterone-synthase (CYP11B2), CYP17A1, β-catenin, melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R), phosphorlyated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), tryptase, S100, CD34 by multiplex immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry-guided reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Eleven adrenals with APA and 1 with micronodular hyperplasia from patients with PA were analyzed. Main outcome measures included localization of CYP11B2, CYP17A1, β-catenin, MC2R, pCREB, tryptase, S100, CD34 in APA and aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCCs). RESULTS Immunofluorescence revealed abundant mast cells and a dense vascular network in APA, independent of mutational status. Within APA, mast cells were localized in areas expressing CYP11B2 and were rarely colocalized with nerve fibers, suggesting that their degranulation is not controlled by innervation. In these same areas, ß-catenin was activated, suggesting a zona glomerulosa cell identity. In heterogeneous APA with KCNJ5 mutations, MC2R and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was higher in areas expressing CYP11B2. A similar pattern was observed in APCC, with high expression of CYP11B2, activated β-catenin, and numerous mast cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that aldosterone-producing structures in adrenals with APA share common molecular characteristics and cellular environment, despite different mutation status, suggesting common developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tchao Meatchi
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Unité Hypertension artérielle, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Maria-Christina Zennaro
- Université de Paris, PARCC, Inserm, 75015 Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Génétique, 75015 Paris, France
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Buttó V, Millan M, Rossi S, Delagrange S. Contrasting Carbon Allocation Strategies of Ring-Porous and Diffuse-Porous Species Converge Toward Similar Growth Responses to Drought. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:760859. [PMID: 34975943 PMCID: PMC8716880 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.760859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events that are expected under global warming expose forest ecosystems to drought stress, which may affect the growth and productivity. We assessed intra-annual growth responses of trees to soil water content in species belonging to different functional groups of tree-ring porosity. We pose the hypothesis that species with contrasting carbon allocation strategies, which emerge from different relationships between wood traits and canopy architecture, display divergent growth responses to drought. We selected two diffuse-porous species (Acer saccharum and Betula alleghaniensis) and two ring-porous species (Quercus rubra and Fraxinus americana) from the mixed forest of Quebec (Canada). We measured anatomical wood traits and canopy architecture in eight individuals per species and assessed tree growth sensitivity to water balance during 2008-2017 using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Stem elongation in diffuse-porous species mainly depended upon the total number of ramifications and hydraulic diameter of the tree-ring vessels. In ring-porous species, stem elongation mainly depended upon the productivity of the current year, i.e., number of vessels and basal area increment. Diffuse-porous and ring-porous species had similar responses to soil water balance. The effect of soil water balance on tree growth changed during the growing season. In April, decreasing soil temperature linked to wet conditions could explain the negative relationship between SPEI and tree growth. In late spring, greater water availability affected carbon partitioning, by promoting the formation of larger xylem vessels in both functional groups. Results suggest that timings and duration of drought events affect meristem growth and carbon allocation in both functional groups. Drought induces the formation of fewer xylem vessels in ring-porous species, and smaller xylem vessels in diffuse-porous species, the latter being also prone to a decline in stem elongation due to a reduced number of ramifications. Indeed, stem elongation of diffuse-porous species is influenced by environmental conditions of the previous year, which determine the total number of ramifications during the current year. Drought responses in different functional groups are thus characterized by different drivers, express contrasting levels of resistance or resilience, but finally result in an overall similar loss of productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Buttó
- Département des Sciences Naturelles, Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | - Mathilde Millan
- Département des Sciences Naturelles, Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Département des Sciences Naturelles, Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada
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Mai-Morente SP, Irigoyen JP, Carriquiry VM, Marset VM, Di Doménico M, Isasi E, Abudara V. Pericyte Mapping in Cerebral Slices with the Far-red Fluorophore TO-PRO-3. Bio Protoc 2021; 11:e4222. [PMID: 34909443 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes a method for high-resolution confocal imaging of pericytes with the far-red fluorophore TO-PROTM-3 Iodide 642/661 in cerebral slices of murine. Identification of pericytes with TO-PRO-3 is a short time-consuming, high cost-effective and robust technique to label pericytes with no need for immunostaining or generation of reporter mice. Since the TO-PRO-3 stain resists immunofluorescence, and lacks spectral overlap, the probe is well suited for multiple labelling. Our procedures also combine TO-PRO-3-staining of pericytes with fluorescent markers for astrocytes and vessels in brain slices. These approaches should enable the assessment of pericyte biology in gliovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Mai-Morente
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
| | - Juan P Irigoyen
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
| | - Victoria M Carriquiry
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
| | - Virginia M Marset
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Di Doménico
- Departamento de Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Isasi
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Abudara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, General Flores 2125, Montevideo, CP 11 800, Uruguay
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Pine MK, Wilson L, Jeffs AG, McWhinnie L, Juanes F, Scuderi A, Radford CA. A Gulf in lockdown: How an enforced ban on recreational vessels increased dolphin and fish communication ranges. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4839-4848. [PMID: 34254409 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
From midnight of 26 March 2020, New Zealand became one of the first countries to enter a strict lockdown to combat the spread of COVID-19. The lockdown banned all non-essential services and travel both on land and sea. Overnight, the country's busiest coastal waterway, the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park, became devoid of almost all recreational and non-essential commercial vessels. An almost instant change in the marine soundscape ensued, with ambient sound levels in busy channels dropping nearly threefold the first 12 h. This sudden drop led fish and dolphins to experience an immediate increase in their communication ranges by up to an estimated 65%. Very low vessel activity during the lockdown (indicated by the presence of vessel noise over the day) revealed new insights into cumulative noise effects from vessels on auditory masking. For example, at sites nearer Auckland City, communication ranges increased approximately 18 m (22%) or 50 m (11%) for every 10% decrease in vessel activity for fish and dolphins, respectively. However, further from the city and in deeper water, these communication ranges were increased by approximately 13 m (31%) or 510 m (20%). These new data demonstrate how noise from small vessels can impact underwater soundscapes and how marine animals will have to adapt to ever-growing noise pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Pine
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Louise Wilson
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew G Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lauren McWhinnie
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Alessia Scuderi
- Marine and Environmental Science Faculty, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Association Nereide, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Craig A Radford
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yaykasli KO, Schauer C, Muñoz LE, Mahajan A, Knopf J, Schett G, Herrmann M. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap-Driven Occlusive Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:2208. [PMID: 34571857 PMCID: PMC8466545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enlightenment of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a part of the innate immune system shed new insights into the pathologies of various diseases. The initial idea that NETs are a pivotal defense structure was gradually amended due to several deleterious effects in consecutive investigations. NETs formation is now considered a double-edged sword. The harmful effects are not limited to the induction of inflammation by NETs remnants but also include occlusions caused by aggregated NETs (aggNETs). The latter carries the risk of occluding tubular structures like vessels or ducts and appear to be associated with the pathologies of various diseases. In addition to life-threatening vascular clogging, other occlusions include painful stone formation in the biliary system, the kidneys, the prostate, and the appendix. AggNETs are also prone to occlude the ductal system of exocrine glands, as seen in ocular glands, salivary glands, and others. Last, but not least, they also clog the pancreatic ducts in a murine model of neutrophilia. In this regard, elucidating the mechanism of NETs-dependent occlusions is of crucial importance for the development of new therapeutic approaches. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the putative mechanisms of NETs-associated occlusions in the pathogenesis of disease, as well as prospective treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursat Oguz Yaykasli
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aparna Mahajan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.O.Y.); (L.E.M.); (A.M.); (J.K.); (G.S.); (M.H.)
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Codreanu TA, Pingault N, O'Loughlin E, Armstrong PK, Scalley B. The Healthy Crew, Clean Vessel, and Set Departure Date Triad: Successful Control of Outbreaks of COVID-19 On Board Four Cargo Vessels. Prehosp Disaster Med 2021;:1-10. [PMID: 34240693 DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X21000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: A variety of infectious diseases can cause outbreaks on board vessels, with both health and economic effects. Internationally, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks have occurred on numerous cruise and cargo vessels and the containment measures, travel restrictions, and border closures continue to make it increasingly difficult for ship operators world-wide to be granted pratique, effect crew changes, and conduct trade. An effective outbreak management strategy is essential to achieve the outcome triad – healthy crew, clean vessel, and set departure date – while maintaining the safety of the on-shore workers and broader community and minimizing disruption to trade. This report describes the principles of COVID-19 outbreak responses on four cargo vessels, including the successful use of one vessel as a quarantine facility. Methods: Established principles of management and the experiences of COVID-19 outbreaks on cruise ships elsewhere informed a health-lead, multi-agency, strict 14-day quarantine (Q) regime based on: population density reduction on board; crew segregation; vessel cleaning and sanitation; infection risk zones, access, and control measures; health monitoring; case identification and management; food preparation and delivery; waste management control; communication; and welfare and security. Findings: Sixty-five crew were diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (range 2-25; attack rate 10%-81%; 15 asymptomatic). No deaths were recorded, and only one crew was hospitalized for COVID-19-related symptoms but did not require intensive care support. Catering crew were among the cases on three vessels. All non-essential crew (n-EC) and most of the cases were disembarked. During the vessel’s Q period, no further cases were diagnosed on board, and no crew became symptomatic after completion of Q. The outbreak response duration was 15-17 days from initial decision. No serious health issues were reported, no response staff became infected, and only two Q protocol breaches occurred among crew. Interpretation: Despite increasing risk of outbreaks on cargo vessels, maritime trade and crew exchanges must continue. The potential consequences of COVID-19 outbreaks to human life and to trade necessitate a balanced response. The principles described can offer health, financial, operational, and safety advantages.
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Obenaus A, Badaut J. Role of the noninvasive imaging techniques in monitoring and understanding the evolution of brain edema. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:1191-1200. [PMID: 34048088 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human brain injury elicits accumulation of water within the brain due to a variety of pathophysiological processes. As our understanding of edema emerged two temporally (and cellular) distinct processes were identified, cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. The emergence of both types of edema is reflected by the temporal evolution and is influenced by the underlying pathology (type and extent). However, this two-edema compartment model does not adequately describe the transition between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. Hence, a third category has been proposed, termed ionic edema, that is observed in the transition between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema. Magnetic resonance neuroimaging of edema today primarily utilizes T2-weighted (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Clinical diagnostics and translational science studies have clearly demonstrated the temporal ability of both T2WI and DWI to monitor edema content and evolution. DWI measures water mobility within the brain reflecting cytotoxic edema. T2WI at later time points when vasogenic edema develops visualizes increased water content in the brain. Clinically relevant imaging modalities, including ultrasound and positron emission tomography, are not typically used to assess edema. In sum, edema imaging is an important cornerstone of clinical diagnostics and translational studies and can guide effective therapeutics manage edema and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Obenaus
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jérôme Badaut
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,CNRS UMR5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Schneider M, Molnar A, Angeli O, Szabo D, Bernath F, Hajdu D, Gombocz E, Mate B, Jiling B, Nagy BV, Nagy ZZ, Peto T, Papp A. Prevalence of Cilioretinal Arteries: A systematic review and a prospective cross-sectional observational study. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e310-e318. [PMID: 32833328 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review studies focusing on cilioretinal arteries (CLRA) in order to assess the overall prevalence and establish the prevalence of CLRA in a Hungarian Caucasian population. METHODS #1: Systematic literature review of published studies with at least 100 participants. METHODS #2: Non-mydriatic digital colour photographs were taken of 1000 consecutively enrolled healthy Caucasian young adult volunteers. Images were graded by two trained independent observers. Number and location of identified cilioretinal arteries were recorded and statistically analysed. RESULTS #1: Prevalence of CLRA ranges from 6.9% to 49.5%. Detection with fluorescein angiography yields the highest values followed by fundus photography and ophthalmoscopy. Unilateral presence of CLRA is between 70.30% and 93.65%, and temporal location is between 80.77% and 100%. RESULTS #2: We found at least one CLRA in 36.5% of the participants and in 22.75% of all the examined eyes. Cilioretinal arteries (CLRA) were unilateral in 75.34% and bilateral in 24.66%. Of all the identified CLRA, 96.16% were originating from the temporal rim of the optic disc. We identified at least one temporal CLRA supplying the macula in 28% of the participants and 16.95% of the examined eyes. CONCLUSION Prevalence of CLRA varies depending on identification method. Unilateral presence is unequivocally more frequent similarly to temporal location. From a risk of bias standpoint, high-quality studies are rare. Our data on the distribution pattern of CLRA are similar to that in the international literature. Based on our findings, we assume that slightly more than one-third of the Hungarian Caucasian population has a CLRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Schneider
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark
| | - Adel Molnar
- Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Orsolya Angeli
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Dorottya Szabo
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Dorottya Hajdu
- Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Eszter Gombocz
- Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Balint Mate
- Department of Mechatronics, Optics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary
| | - Balint Jiling
- Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Balazs Vince Nagy
- Department of Mechatronics, Optics and Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary
| | - Zoltan Zsolt Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Research University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Andras Papp
- Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Budapest Hungary
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López-López JP, Posada-Martínez EL, Saldarriaga C, Wyss F, Ponte-Negretti CI, Alexander B, Miranda-Arboleda AF, Martínez-Sellés M, Baranchuk A. Tuberculosis and the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019435. [PMID: 33733808 PMCID: PMC8174360 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acquired tuberculosis continues to be a challenge worldwide. Although tuberculosis has been considered a global public health emergency, it remains poorly controlled in many countries. Despite being primarily a pulmonary disease, tuberculosis could involve the heart. This systematic review is part of the "Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Infectious Diseases Involving the Heart" (the NET-Heart Project) initiative from the Interamerican Society of Cardiology. This project aims to review the cardiovascular involvement of these heterogeneous diseases, advancing original algorithms to help healthcare providers diagnose and manage cardiovascular complications. In tuberculosis, pericardium involvement is relatively common, especially in AIDS, and tuberculosis is the most common cause of constrictive pericarditis in endemic countries. Myocarditis and aortitis by tuberculosis are rare. Clinical manifestations of cardiovascular involvement by tuberculosis differ from those typically found for bacteria or viruses. Prevailing systemic symptoms and the pericarditis diagnostic index should be taken into account. An echocardiogram is the first step for diagnosing cardiovascular involvement; however, several image modalities can be used, depending on the suspected site of infection. Adenosine deaminase levels, gamma interferon, or polymerase chain reaction testing could be used to confirm tuberculosis infection; each has a high diagnostic performance. Antituberculosis chemotherapy and corticosteroids are treatment mainstays that significantly reduce mortality, constriction, and hospitalizations, especially in patients with HIV. In conclusion, tuberculosis cardiac involvement is frequent and could lead to heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, or death. Early detection of complications should be a cornerstone of overall management.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Patricio López-López
- Department of Medicine Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander (FOSCAL) Bucaramanga Colombia.,Instituto de Investigaciones Masira Universidad de Santander (UDES) Bucaramanga Colombia
| | | | - Clara Saldarriaga
- Department of Cardiology and Heart Failure Clinic Clínica Cardiovascular Santa MariaUniversidad of Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Fernando Wyss
- Technology and Cardiovascular Service of Guatemala - Cardiosolutions Guatemala City Guatemala
| | | | - Bryce Alexander
- Division of Cardiology Kingston Health Science CenterQueen's University Kingston Canada
| | | | - Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Servicio de Cardiología Hospital Universitario Gregorio MarañónCIBERCVUniversidad EuropeaUniversidad Complutense Madrid Spain
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology Kingston Health Science CenterQueen's University Kingston Canada
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Olson ME, Anfodillo T, Gleason SM, McCulloh KA. Tip-to-base xylem conduit widening as an adaptation: causes, consequences, and empirical priorities. New Phytol 2021; 229:1877-1893. [PMID: 32984967 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the stems of terrestrial vascular plants studied to date, the diameter of xylem water-conducting conduits D widens predictably with distance from the stem tip L approximating D ∝ Lb , with b ≈ 0.2. Because conduit diameter is central for conductance, it is essential to understand the cause of this remarkably pervasive pattern. We give reason to suspect that tip-to-base conduit widening is an adaptation, favored by natural selection because widening helps minimize the increase in hydraulic resistance that would otherwise occur as an individual stem grows longer and conductive path length increases. Evidence consistent with adaptation includes optimality models that predict the 0.2 exponent. The fact that this prediction can be made with a simple model of a single capillary, omitting much biological detail, itself makes numerous important predictions, e.g. that pit resistance must scale isometrically with conduit resistance. The idea that tip-to-base conduit widening has a nonadaptive cause, with temperature, drought, or turgor limiting the conduit diameters that plants are able to produce, is less consistent with the data than an adaptive explanation. We identify empirical priorities for testing the cause of tip-to-base conduit widening and underscore the need to study plant hydraulic systems leaf to root as integrated wholes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Anfodillo
- Department Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Sean M Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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35
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Mozo I, Rodríguez ME, Monteoliva S, Luquez VMC. Floodwater Depth Causes Different Physiological Responses During Post-flooding in Willows. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:575090. [PMID: 34093599 PMCID: PMC8176222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.575090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Willows are widely planted in areas under risk of flooding. The physiological responses of willows to flooding have been characterized, but little is known about their responses during the post-flooding period. After the end of the stress episode, plants may modify some traits to compensate for the biomass loss during flooding. The aim of this work was to analyze the post-flooding physiological responses of willow under two different depths of stagnant floodwater. Cuttings of Salix matsudana NZ692 clone were planted in pots in a greenhouse. The experiment started when the plants were 2 months old with the following treatments: Control plants (watered to field capacity); plants partially flooded 10 cm above soil level (F10) and plants partially flooded 40 cm above soil level (F40). The flooding episode lasted 35 days and was followed by a recovery period of 28 days (post-flooding period). After the flooding period, height, diameter and total biomass were higher in F10, while F40 plants showed an increase in plant adventitious root production and leaf nitrogen content. During the post-flooding period, the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen, chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents were significantly higher in leaves of F40 than in Control and F10 treatments. Stomatal conductance and specific leaf area were higher in the previously flooded plants compared to Control treatment. Plants from F10 treatments showed a higher growth in height, root-to-shoot ratio, and carbon isotope discrimination than F40, while the opposite occurred for growth in diameter, vessel size and leaf area. We conclude that depth of floodwater not only causes different responses during flooding, but that its effects are also present in the post-flooding recovery period, affecting the growth and physiology of willows once the stress episode has ended. Even when flooding impacted growth negatively in F40, in the post-flooding period these plants compensated by increasing the photosynthetic rate, plant leaf area and xylem vessel size. Willows endurance to flooding is the result of both responses during flooding, and plastic responses during post-flooding.
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36
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Salavati M, Pérez-Accino J, Tan YL, Liuti T, Smith S, Morrison L, Salavati Schmitz S. Correlation of minimally invasive imaging techniques to assess intestinal mucosal perfusion with established markers of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:162-171. [PMID: 33314285 PMCID: PMC7848335 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Minimally invasive diagnostic imaging techniques to detect intestinal inflammation in dogs are lacking. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and endoscopic narrow band imaging‐like endoscopy (Storz Professional Image Enhancement System [SPIES]) might allow quantification of intestinal mucosal perfusion and microvessel density in chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) of dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Markers of mucosal perfusion as determined by CEUS and SPIES endoscopy are potentially useful diagnostic markers to help characterize CIE and correlate with histological inflammation type and severity. Animals Thirty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with CIE at a referral hospital were prospectively enrolled. Materials and Methods Data from CEUS, SPIES, and white light (WL) endoscopy were correlated with World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) endoscopy and histology scores and vessel density as determined by immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Automated linear modeling was used to determine predictors of endoscopic and histologic severity. Results Duodenal histology correlated with SPIES data (area percentage value, rho = 0.424, P = .04). White light endoscopy parameters correlated with SPIES parameters in the duodenum. Colonic histology correlated positively with CEUS, whereas colonic CEUS parameters correlated inversely with vWF expression. Several duodenal parameters combined predicted duodenal histology scores to a level of 73.4%. For the colon, 2 parameters contributed more than others to 73.1%. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Minimally invasive CEUS and SPIES appear feasible to assess intestinal perfusion in CIE. Use of SPIES endoscopy may be promising for assessing small intestinal inflammation, whereas CEUS could be used to assess colonic perfusion and inflammation. Both techniques need to be investigated further for their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak Salavati
- Genetics and Genomics Department, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Pérez-Accino
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Lin Tan
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Tiziana Liuti
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Sionagh Smith
- Easter Bush Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Morrison
- Easter Bush Pathology, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Salavati Schmitz
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
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Ziemińska K, Rosa E, Gleason SM, Holbrook NM. Wood day capacitance is related to water content, wood density, and anatomy across 30 temperate tree species. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:3048-3067. [PMID: 32935340 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water released from wood during transpiration (capacitance) can meaningfully affect daily water use and drought response. To provide context for better understanding of capacitance mechanisms, we investigated links between capacitance and wood anatomy. On twigs of 30 temperate angiosperm tree species, we measured day capacitance (between predawn and midday), water content, wood density, and anatomical traits, that is, vessel dimensions, tissue fractions, and vessel-tissue contact fractions (fraction of vessel circumference in contact with other tissues). Across all species, wood density (WD) and predawn lumen volumetric water content (VWCL-pd ) together were the strongest predictors of day capacitance (r2adj = .44). Vessel-tissue contact fractions explained an additional ~10% of the variation in day capacitance. Regression models were not improved by including tissue lumen fractions. Among diffuse-porous species, VWCL-pd and vessel-ray contact fraction together were the best predictors of day capacitance, whereas among semi/ring-porous species, VWCL-pd , WD and vessel-fibre contact fraction were the best predictors. At predawn, wood was less than fully saturated for all species (lumen relative water content = 0.52 ± 0.17). Our findings imply that day capacitance depends on the amount of stored water, tissue connectivity and the bulk wood properties arising from WD (e.g., elasticity), rather than the fraction of any particular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasia Ziemińska
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emily Rosa
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Sean M Gleason
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Water Management and Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - N Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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38
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Hangai S, Nozaki T, Soma T, Miyashita H, Asoda S, Yazawa M, Sato K, Kawana H, Ohnishi K, Kobayashi E. Development of a microsurgery-assisted robot for high-precision thread traction and tension control, and confirmation of its applicability. Int J Med Robot 2020; 17:e2205. [PMID: 33207394 PMCID: PMC7988610 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Microsurgery requires high skills for suturing using fragile threads, often within narrow surgical fields. Precise tension is required for good healing and to avoid the risk of thread breakage. Methods To meet the demands, we developed a novel assist robot utilizing high‐precision sensorless haptic technology. The robot adopts a cable‐driven mechanism to maintain a distance from the surgical area and enhances compatibility with surgical equipment such as microscopes. The robot performance was verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments using a rat model. Results The realization of precise tension control was confirmed in both experiments. In particular, in the in vivo experiments, the developed robot succeeded to produce a knot with an accurate tension of 0.66% error. Conclusions The developed robot can realize to control traction force precisely. This technology might open up the window for a full assist robot for microsurgery with haptic feeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hangai
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nozaki
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tomoya Soma
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Miyashita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Asoda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Yazawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Institute for Integrated Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Kawana
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ohnishi
- Haptics Research Center, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Organ Fabrication, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Robert M, Hot A, Mifsud F, Ndongo-Thiam N, Miossec P. Joint Destruction Is Associated With All Types of Cardiovascular Events in French Rheumatoid Patients: A Real-Life Study With Very Long Follow-Up. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:556086. [PMID: 33195306 PMCID: PMC7661545 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.556086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads not only to joint destruction but also to systemic manifestations, with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events (CVE). Many studies have shown a link between RA severity and CV risk, but the duration of follow-up remains often insufficient to allow a conclusion. The CVE definition was generally reduced to myocardial infarction and stroke, and few studies were conducted in non-Anglo-Saxon countries with low CV incidence. This study aimed to assess the relationship between joint destruction and the occurrence of different types of CVE in a large cohort of French RA patients with a long-term follow-up. Methods: This historical cohort study included 571 RA patients followed between 1992 and 2012 in Lyon, France. The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of a CVE. Logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with CVE occurrence. Cox proportional hazard models were performed as a separate analysis to take advantage of the long-term follow-up. Results: During a mean follow-up of 16.1 years, 30.3% of patients experienced a CVE, mostly acute arterial events. Joint destruction was associated with an increased risk of CVE [odds ratio = 3.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–15.35; p = 0.047] among non-smoker RA patients. A survival analysis revealed that joint destruction was associated with a shorter time to onset of the first CVE only among non-smokers (hazard ratio = 3.44; 95% CI, 1.07–11.04; p = 0.038). Conclusion: Joint destruction is associated with CVE occurrence in RA patients from a population with a lower incidence of CV disease. This study suggests that RA patients, especially those with destruction, merit the institution of precise guidelines to manage this CV risk, and trials are required to evaluate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Robert
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Arnaud Hot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - François Mifsud
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Ndiémé Ndongo-Thiam
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
| | - Pierre Miossec
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit EA 4130, University of Lyon 1, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
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Harky A, Adan A, Mohamed M, Elmi A, Theologou T. Technology and cardiovascular diseases in the era of COVID-19. J Card Surg 2020; 35:3551-3554. [PMID: 33040461 PMCID: PMC7675274 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Alder Hey Children Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ahmed Adan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malak Mohamed
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Asha Elmi
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thomas Theologou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Sousa‐Sá E, Zhang Z, Pereira JR, Wright IM, Okely AD, Santos R. Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1956-1973. [PMID: 31998981 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM As retinal microvasculature (RMV) can be assessed non-invasively, it presents an opportunity to examine the health and disease of the human microcirculation, as RMV alterations have been recognised as one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular risk. This review summarises current literature on the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and/or adiposity and RMV in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. METHODS Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO and CINAHL), through to December 11, 2019. English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Dutch were the languages searched. Meta-analyses were performed using the meta-analyst software. RESULTS A total of 6796 studies were screened, and 26 studies were included, representing 24 448 participants, from 12 different countries. Studies reporting results on weight status were twenty-three, PA was assessed in six studies, and SB was assessed in three studies. Four studies examined weight status and PA/SB. Meta-analysis was performed for two studies and showed that children with obesity have smaller retinal arterioles (-2.38 µm difference, 95% CI 0.62, 4.15 µm) and larger retinal venules (2.74 µm difference, 95% CI -4.78, -0.72 µm) than children without obesity. CONCLUSION Results showed that adiposity was associated with microvascular alterations in children and adolescents. Increased adiposity, lack of PA and high levels of SB were negatively correlated with vessel width parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Sousa‐Sá
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - João R. Pereira
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ian M. Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure University of Porto Porto Portugal
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Bazin D, Letavernier E, Haymann JP, Frochot V, Daudon M. [Crystalline pathologies in the human body: first steps of pathogenesis]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 2020; 78:349-62. [PMID: 32540796 DOI: 10.1684/abc.2020.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of crystalline pathologies including urolithiasis, gallstones, vascular calcifications and crystalline arthritis, is very high in the general population beyond 60 years old. Characterization of microcrystals in tissue at the micrometer and at the nanometer scale through physico-chemical techniques constitutes a new opportunity for the physician to decipher the early stage of the pathogenesis of these biological entities. In this review, such description indicates a wide variety of the chemical process associated to the nucleation process directly from supersaturated solution or from organic support such as DNA or elastin. We will also discuss the case of vesicles which play a major role in the case of ectopic calcification situated in kidney tissue, namely the Randall's plaque. All this research focused on the very first steps of the genesis of pathological calcifications constitute a major step to develop specific therapy able to avoid the formation of these abnormal deposits in tissues. As already underlined, crystals may be the consequence of various pathologies, but they are also involved in the dysfunction of the tissues.
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Huang Y, Yang J, Li Z, Zhang L, Sun L, Bi M, Wang L. Dermoscopic features of port-wine stains: A study of 264 cases. Australas J Dermatol 2020; 62:e201-e206. [PMID: 32955124 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Port-wine stains (PWS) occur in 0.3-0.5% of the population. However, the dermoscopic features of PWS have not been systematically studied. METHODS Dermoscopic images of 264 cases with PWS were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS Linear vessels were the most frequent dermoscopic features of PWS (42.0%). Other dermoscopic features were reticular vessels (28.0%), sausage-like vessels (13.6%), dots or globules vessels (9.1%) and mixed vessels (7.2%). Nonvascular morphology comprised white circles (13.6%) and whitish veil (38.3%). Sausage-like vessels and whitish veil were mainly present in the thickened type and in those with PWS aged ≥18 years; mixed vessels were mainly present in purple type of PWS. Dermoscopic features showed no significant difference between lesions located on different facial areas (V1, V2 and V3). Dots or globular vessels were more common in non-facial lesions (P < 0.0001). White circles were only found in the facial lesions, and the frequency of white circles and whitish veil was higher in the treated group than in the untreated group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.04, respectively). The frequency of white circles was significantly higher in the prior treated group than in the untreated group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION There are various of dermoscopic features of PWS. The dermoscopic features of patients with PWS may correlate with age, subtype, location, prior treatment history and pulsed dye laser (PDL) resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongming Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Lichao Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingye Bi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Guimaraes DA, Batista RIM, Tanus-Santos JE. Nitrate and nitrite-based therapy to attenuate cardiovascular remodelling in arterial hypertension. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 128:9-17. [PMID: 32772466 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent disease marked by vascular and cardiac maladaptive remodelling induced mainly by renin-angiotensin system activation followed by oxidative stress. Here, we briefly describe these damages and review the current evidence supporting a potential role for nitrate and nitrite as antihypertensive molecules that act via nitric oxide (NO) formation-dependent and NO formation-independent mechanisms and how nitrate/nitrite inhibits cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system activation and oxidative stress converge to activate proteases involved in cardiovascular remodelling in hypertension. Besides these proteases, several investigations have demonstrated that reduced endogenous NO bioavailability is a central pathological event in hypertension. In this regard, nitrate/nitrite, long considered inert products of NO, is now known as physiological molecules able to reduce blood pressure in hypertensive patients and in different experimental models of hypertension. These effects are associated with the formation of NO and other NO-related molecules, which could induce S-nitrosylation of target proteins. However, it remains unclear whether S-nitrosylation is an essential mechanism for the anti-remodelling effects of nitrate/nitrite in hypertension. Moreover, nitrate/nitrite produces antioxidant effects associated with the inhibition of signalling pathways involved in cardiovascular remodelling. Together, these findings may help to establish nitrate and nitrite as effective therapies in hypertension-induced cardiovascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Guimaraes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rose I M Batista
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Nomoni M, May JM, Kyriacou PA. Novel Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Pulsatile Vascular Tissue Phantoms for the In-Vitro Investigation of Light Tissue Interaction in Photoplethysmography. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E4246. [PMID: 32751541 PMCID: PMC7435705 DOI: 10.3390/s20154246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently there exists little knowledge or work in phantoms for the in-vitro evaluation of photoplethysmography (PPG), and its' relationship with vascular mechanics. Such phantoms are needed to provide robust, basic scientific knowledge, which will underpin the current efforts in developing new PPG technologies for measuring or estimating blood pressure, blood flow and arterial stiffness, to name but a few. This work describes the design, fabrication and evaluation of finger tissue-simulating pulsatile phantoms with integrated custom vessels. A novel technique has been developed to produce custom polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) vessels by a continuous dip-coating process. This process can accommodate the production of different sized vessel diameters (1400-2500 µm) and wall thicknesses (56-80 µm). These vessels were embedded into a mould with a solution of PDMS and India ink surrounding them. A pulsatile pump experimental rig was set up to test the phantoms, where flow rate (1-12 L·min-1), heart rate (40-120 bpm), and total resistance (0-100% resistance clamps) could be controlled on demand. The resulting flow profiles approximates human blood flow, and the detected contact PPG signal (red and infrared) from the phantom closely resembles the morphology of in-vivo PPG waveforms with signal-to-noise ratios of 38.16 and 40.59 dB, for the red and infrared wavelengths, respectively. The progress made by this phantom development will help in obtaining new knowledge in the behaviour of PPG's under differing flow conditions, optical tissue properties and differing vessel stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nomoni
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK; (J.M.M.); (P.A.K.)
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Nechiporuk Y, Novak V, Melnychenko A, Bevz O, Dudka V. Micromorphology and topography of tarsal joint capsule's vascular elements in cats and dogs. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:830-835. [PMID: 32602572 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Both cats and dogs belong to animals with the same type of limb support but have different nature of movement. Despite belonging to digitigrade animals, cats and dogs have a different nature of motion. While moving, the medial joint surface in cats and lateral surface in dogs carry the larger pressure. The aim of the study was to compare the similar surfaces of the cat's and dog's tarsal joint capsule and to detect differences in its histostructure and vascularisation. For the study, we used the capsule of the tarsal joint of five cats and five dogs dissected with accordance to anatomical surfaces. Sections of the capsule joint were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. The sections were examined with a microscope at magnification ×250 and ×400. The statistical analysis of the results was done using Student's t test. During the research, a difference in histostructure and vascularisation of tarsal joint capsule in cats and dogs on respective surfaces were found. The medial surface of the tarsal joint capsule was the most saturated with hemomicrocirculatory bed structures in cats, whereas this was the lateral surface in dogs. The most active metabolic processes also take place in these areas of the joint capsule, which is important to know when prescribing therapeutic procedures and determining an optimal surgical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniya Nechiporuk
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
| | - Vitaliy Novak
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
| | - Antonina Melnychenko
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
| | - Olga Bevz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Dudka
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Bila Tserkva, Ukraine
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Avadiappan S, Payabvash S, Morrison MA, Jakary A, Hess CP, Lupo JM. A Fully Automated Method for Segmenting Arteries and Quantifying Vessel Radii on Magnetic Resonance Angiography Images of Varying Projection Thickness. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:537. [PMID: 32612496 PMCID: PMC7308498 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precise quantification of cerebral arteries can help with differentiation and prognostication of cerebrovascular disease. Existing image processing and segmentation algorithms for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are limited to the analysis of either 2D maximum intensity projection images or the entire 3D volume. The goal of this study was to develop a fully automated, hybrid 2D-3D method for robust segmentation of arteries and accurate quantification of vessel radii using MRA at varying projection thicknesses. METHODS A novel algorithm that employs an adaptive Frangi filter for segmentation of vessels followed by estimation of vessel radii is presented. The method was evaluated on MRA datasets and corresponding manual segmentations from three healthy subjects for various projection thicknesses. In addition, the vessel metrics were computed in four additional subjects. Three synthetically generated angiographic datasets resembling brain vasculature were also evaluated under different noise levels. Dice similarity coefficient, Jaccard Index, F-score, and concordance correlation coefficient were used to measure the segmentation accuracy of manual versus automatic segmentation. RESULTS Our new adaptive filter rendered accurate representations of vessels, maintained accurate vessel radii, and corresponded better to manual segmentation at different projection thicknesses than prior methods. Validation with synthetic datasets under low contrast and noisy conditions revealed accurate quantification of vessels without distortions. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated a method for automatic segmentation of vascular trees and the subsequent generation of a vessel radii map. This novel technique can be applied to analyze arterial structures in healthy and diseased populations and improve the characterization of vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakami Avadiappan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melanie A. Morrison
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Angela Jakary
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christopher P. Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Janine M. Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Brodskaya TA, Nevzorova VA, Vasileva MS, Lavrenyuk VV. [Endothelium-related and neuro-mediated mechanisms of emphysema development in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2020; 92:116-124. [PMID: 32598803 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2020.03.000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Emphysema is one of the main manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and smoking is one of the most significant risk factors. The results of studies in humans and animals show the vascular endothelium initiates and modulates the main pathological processes in COPD and smoking is an important factor initiating, developing and persisting inflammation and remodeling of blood vessels and tissues, including the destruction of small respiratory tracts with the development of lung tissue destruction and emphysema. The latest studies describe mechanisms not just associated with the endothelium, but specific neuro-mediated mechanisms. There is reason to believe that neuro-mediated and neuro-similar mechanisms associated and not related to endothelial dysfunction may play the significant role in the pathogenesis of COPD and emphysema formation. Information about components and mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation in emphysema development is fragmentary and not systematized in the literature. It is described that long-term tobacco smoking can initiate processes not only of cells and tissues damage, but also become a trigger for excessive release of neurotransmitters, which entails whole cascades of adverse reactions that have an effect on emphysema formation. With prolonged and/or intensive stimulation of sensor fibers, excessive release of neuropeptides is accompanied by a number of plastic and destructive processes due to a cascade of pathological reactions of neurogenic inflammation, the main participants of which are classical neuropeptides and their receptors. The most important consequences can be the maintenance and stagnation of chronic inflammation, activation of the mechanisms of destruction and remodeling, inadequate repair processes in response to damage, resulting in irreversible loss of lung tissue. For future research, there is interest to evaluate the possibilities of therapeutic and prophylactic effects on neuro-mediated mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and damage emphysema in COPD and smoking development.
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Cao PB, Ployet R, Nguyen C, Dupas A, Ladouce N, Martinez Y, Grima-Pettenati J, Marque C, Mounet F, Teulières C. Wood Architecture and Composition Are Deeply Remodeled in Frost Sensitive Eucalyptus Overexpressing CBF/DREB1 Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083019. [PMID: 32344718 PMCID: PMC7215815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucalypts are the most planted trees worldwide, but most of them are frost sensitive. Overexpressing transcription factors for CRT-repeat binding factors (CBFs) in transgenic Eucalyptus confer cold resistance both in leaves and stems. While wood plays crucial roles in trees and is affected by environmental cues, its potential role in adaptation to cold stress has been neglected. Here, we addressed this question by investigating the changes occurring in wood in response to the overexpression of two CBFs, taking advantage of available transgenic Eucalyptus lines. We performed histological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses on xylem samples. CBF ectopic expression led to a reduction of both primary and secondary growth, and triggered changes in xylem architecture with smaller and more frequent vessels and fibers exhibiting reduced lumens. In addition, lignin content and syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio increased. Consistently, many genes of the phenylpropanoid and lignin branch pathway were upregulated. Most of the features of xylem remodeling induced by CBF overexpression are reminiscent of those observed after long exposure of Eucalyptus trees to chilling temperatures. Altogether, these results suggest that CBF plays a central role in the cross-talk between response to cold and wood formation and that the remodeling of wood is part of the adaptive strategies to face cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phi Bang Cao
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hung Vuong University, Nong Trang Ward, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province 29000, Vietnam
| | - Raphaël Ployet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Chien Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
- Biotechnology and crop protection Department; Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute, Phu Tho 29000, Vietnam
| | - Annabelle Dupas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Nathalie Ladouce
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Yves Martinez
- CMEAB, IFR40 Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Christiane Marque
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Chantal Teulières
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, UPS, UMR 5546, 31320 Castanet-Tolosan, France; (P.B.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Abbas M, Haddad E, Hamer M, Nowrangi D, Zhang J, Pearce WJ, Tang J, Obenaus A. Acute Treatment With Gleevec Does Not Promote Early Vascular Recovery Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adult Male Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:46. [PMID: 32116501 PMCID: PMC7010856 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains one of the most debilitating types of stroke and is characterized by a sudden bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel. ICH often results in high mortality and in survivors, permanent disability. Most studies have focused on neuroprotective strategies designed to minimize secondary consequences and prevent further pathology. Lacking is an understanding of how ICH acutely affects cerebrovascular components and their response to therapeutic interventions. We hypothesized that ICH alters cortical vessel complexity in the parenchyma adjacent to site of the initial vascular disruption and that vascular abnormalities would be mitigated by administration of the PDGFR inhibitor, Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). Briefly, ICH was induced in male adult rats by injection of collagenase into basal ganglia, followed by Gleevec administration (60 mg/kg) 1 h after injury. Rats were then perfused using vessel painting methodology (Salehi et al., 2018b) to stain whole brain vascular networks at 1 day post-ICH. Axial and coronal wide field fluorescence microscopy was performed. Analyses for vascular features were undertaken and fractal analysis for vascular complexity. Data were collected from four groups of rats: Sham + Vehicle; Sham + Gleevec; ICH + Vehicle; ICH + Gleevec. Microscopy revealed that cortical vessels in both ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres exhibited significantly reduced density and branching by 22 and 34%, respectively. Fractal measures confirmed reduced complexity as well. Gleevec treatment further reduced vascular parameters, including reductions in vessel density in tissues adjacent to the ICH. The reductions in brain wide vascular networks after Gleevec in the current study after ICH is contrasted by previous reports of improved behavioral outcomes and decreased lCH lesion volumes Reductions in the vascular network after Gleevec may be involved in long-term repair mechanisms by pruning injured vessels to ultimately promote new vessel growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abbas
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Haddad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mary Hamer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Derek Nowrangi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - John Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - William J. Pearce
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Andre Obenaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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