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Villarroya F, Giralt M. Controlling brown adipose tissue size through EPAC1. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:259-260. [PMID: 38438575 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Giralt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Cresswell E, Basty N, Atabaki Pasdar N, Karpe F, Pinnick KE. The value of neck adipose tissue as a predictor for metabolic risk in health and type 2 diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116171. [PMID: 38552854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Upper-body adiposity is adversely associated with metabolic health whereas the opposite is observed for the lower-body. The neck is a unique upper-body fat depot in adult humans, housing thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is increasingly recognised to influence whole-body metabolic health. Loss of BAT, concurrent with replacement by white adipose tissue (WAT), may contribute to metabolic disease, and specific accumulation of neck fat is seen in certain conditions accompanied by adverse metabolic consequences. Yet, few studies have investigated the relationships between neck fat mass (NFM) and cardiometabolic risk, and the influence of sex and metabolic status. Typically, neck circumference (NC) is used as a proxy for neck fat, without considering other determinants of NC, including variability in neck lean mass. In this study we develop and validate novel methods to quantify NFM using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) imaging, and subsequently investigate the associations of NFM with metabolic biomarkers across approximately 7000 subjects from the Oxford BioBank. NFM correlated with systemic insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; HOMA-IR), low-grade inflammation (plasma high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein; hsCRP), and metabolic markers of adipose tissue function (plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids; NEFA). NFM was higher in men than women, higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with non-diabetes, after adjustment for total body fat, and also associated with overall cardiovascular disease risk (calculated QRISK3 score). This study describes the development of methods for accurate determination of NFM at scale and suggests a specific relationship between NFM and adverse metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cresswell
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicolas Basty
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Naeimeh Atabaki Pasdar
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Science, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
| | - Katherine E Pinnick
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Cheng C, Wu B, Zhang L, Wan Q, Peng H, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang H, Zou C. Automatic segmentation of the interscapular brown adipose tissue in rats based on deep learning using the dynamic magnetic resonance fat fraction images. MAGMA 2024; 37:215-226. [PMID: 38019377 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-023-01133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to propose an accurate labelling method of interscapular BAT (iBAT) in rats using dynamic MR fat fraction (FF) images with noradrenaline (NE) stimulation and then develop an automatic iBAT segmentation method using a U-Net model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four rats fed different diets or housed at different temperatures underwent successive MR scans before and after NE injection. The iBAT were labelled automatically by identifying the regions with obvious FF change in response to the NE stimulation. Further, these FF images along with the recognized iBAT mask images were used to develop a deep learning network to accomplish the robust segmentation of iBAT in various rat models, even without NE stimulation. The trained model was then validated in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD) in comparison with normal diet (ND). RESULT A total of 6510 FF images were collected using a clinical 3.0 T MR scanner. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) between the automatic and manual labelled results was 0.895 ± 0.022. For the network training, the DSC, precision rate, and recall rate were found to be 0.897 ± 0.061, 0.901 ± 0.068 and 0.899 ± 0.086, respectively. The volumes and FF values of iBAT in HFD rats were higher than ND rats, while the FF decrease was larger in ND rats after NE injection. CONCLUSION An automatic iBAT segmentation method for rats was successfully developed using the dynamic labelled FF images of activated BAT and deep learning network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanli Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingxia Wu
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Radiology Department, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Radiology Department, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China.
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Carpentier AC. Tracers and Imaging of Fatty Acid and Energy Metabolism of Human Adipose Tissues. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38113392 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) regulate fatty acid metabolism and control lipid fluxes to other organs. Dysfunction of these key metabolic processes contributes to organ insulin resistance and inflammation leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic tracers combined with molecular imaging methods are powerful tools for the investigation of these pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, I review some of the positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging methods combined with stable isotopic metabolic tracers to investigate fatty acid and energy metabolism, focusing on human WAT and BAT metabolism. I will discuss the complementary strengths offered by these methods for human investigations and current gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Aguilera CM, Cereijo R, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Martinez-Tellez B, Rico MC, Sanchez-Infantes D, Villarroya F, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Cold exposure modulates potential brown adipokines in humans, but only FGF21 is associated with brown adipose tissue volume. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:560-570. [PMID: 38247441 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to investigate the effect of cold exposure on the plasma levels of five potential human brown adipokines (chemokine ligand 14 [CXCL14], growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21], interleukin 6 [IL6], and bone morphogenic protein 8b [BMP8b]) and to study whether such cold-induced effects are related to brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume, activity, or radiodensity in young humans. METHODS Plasma levels of brown adipokines were measured before and 1 h and 2 h after starting an individualized cold exposure in 30 young adults (60% women, 21.9 ± 2.3 y; 24.9 ± 5.1 kg/m2 ). BAT volume, 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, and radiodensity were assessed by a static positron emission tomography-computerized tomography scan after cold exposure. RESULTS Cold exposure increased the concentration of CXCL14 (Δ2h = 0.58 ± 0.98 ng/mL; p = 0.007), GDF15 (Δ2h = 19.63 ± 46.2 pg/mL; p = 0.013), FGF21 (Δ2h = 33.72 ± 55.13 pg/mL; p = 0.003), and IL6 (Δ1h = 1.98 ± 3.56 pg/mL; p = 0.048) and reduced BMP8b (Δ2h = -37.12 ± 83.53 pg/mL; p = 0.022). The cold-induced increase in plasma FGF21 was positively associated with BAT volume (Δ2h: β = 0.456; R2 = 0.307; p = 0.001), but not with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake or radiodensity. None of the changes in the other studied brown adipokines was related to BAT volume, activity, or radiodensity. CONCLUSIONS Cold exposure modulates plasma levels of several potential brown adipokines in humans, whereas only cold-induced changes in FGF21 levels are associated with BAT volume. These findings suggest that human BAT might contribute to the circulatory pool of FGF21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Maria C Rico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Sanchez-Infantes
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus Alcorcón, University Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Iida T, Ueda Y, Tsukada H, Fukumoto D, Hamaoka T. Brown adipose tissue evaluation using water and triglyceride as indices by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. J Biophotonics 2024; 17:e202300183. [PMID: 37885352 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is related to lipid and glucose metabolism, and BAT evaluation is expected to contribute to disease prevention and treatment. We aimed to establish a BAT evaluation method using simple and non-invasive diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We acquired diffuse reflectance spectra of BAT using DRS from rats with cold stimulation and analyzed the second-derivative spectra. To predict the amount of triglyceride in BAT from the second-derivative spectra, partial least-squares regression analysis was performed, and we examined whether BAT weight can be predicted from the amount of triglyceride by single regression analysis. By focusing on changes in the amount of triglyceride in BAT with cold stimulation, it was suggested that this amount could be predicted spectroscopically, and the predicted amount of triglyceride could be used to estimate the BAT weight with cold stimulation. If these results can be translated into humans, they may contribute to preventing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Iida
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Ueda
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Dai Fukumoto
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Jurado-Fasoli L, Sanchez-Delgado G, Alcantara JMA, Acosta FM, Sanchez-Sanchez R, Labayen I, Ortega FB, Martinez-Tellez B, Ruiz JR. Adults with metabolically healthy overweight or obesity present more brown adipose tissue and higher thermogenesis than their metabolically unhealthy counterparts. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104948. [PMID: 38184936 PMCID: PMC10808934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a subset of individuals with overweight/obesity characterized by a lower risk of cardiometabolic complications, the so-called metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHOO) phenotype. Despite the relatively higher levels of subcutaneous adipose tissue and lower visceral adipose tissue observed in individuals with MHOO than individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUOO), little is known about the differences in brown adipose tissue (BAT). METHODS This study included 53 young adults (28 women) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 which were classified as MHOO (n = 34) or MUOO (n = 19). BAT was assessed through a static 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan after a 2-h personalized cooling protocol. Energy expenditure, skin temperature, and thermal perception were assessed during a standardized mixed meal test (3.5 h) and a 1-h personalized cold exposure. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, energy intake was determined during an ad libitum meal test and dietary recalls, and physical activity levels were determined by a wrist-worn accelerometer. FINDINGS Participants with MHOO presented higher BAT volume (+124%, P = 0.008), SUVmean (+63%, P = 0.001), and SUVpeak (+133%, P = 0.003) than MUOO, despite having similar BAT mean radiodensity (P = 0.354). In addition, individuals with MHOO exhibited marginally higher meal-induced thermogenesis (P = 0.096) and cold-induced thermogenesis (+158%, P = 0.050). Moreover, MHOO participants showed higher supraclavicular skin temperature than MUOO during the first hour of the postprandial period and during the cold exposure, while no statistically significant differences were observed in other skin temperature parameters. We observed no statistically significant differences between MHOO and MUOO in thermal perception, body composition, outdoor ambient temperature exposure, resting metabolic rate, energy intake, or physical activity levels. INTERPRETATION Adults with MHOO present higher BAT volume and activity than MUOO. The higher meal- and cold-induced thermogenesis and cold-induced supraclavicular skin temperature are compatible with a higher BAT activity. Overall, these results suggest that BAT presence and activity might be linked to a healthier phenotype in young adults with overweight or obesity. FUNDING See acknowledgments section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Andalucía, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, "Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation", Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland; MediCity/PET Preclinical Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, Turku, Finland
| | - Rocio Sanchez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Department of Health Sciences, "Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation", Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences and SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Chondronikola M, Yoshino J, Ramaswamy R, Giardina JD, Laforest R, Wahl RL, Patterson BW, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and free fatty acid plasma kinetics in women with high or low brown adipose tissue volume and overweight/obesity. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101370. [PMID: 38232692 PMCID: PMC10829791 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Although a high amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is associated with low plasma triglyceride concentration, the mechanism responsible for this relationship in people is not clear. Here, we evaluate the interrelationships among BAT, very-low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) plasma kinetics during thermoneutrality in women with overweight/obesity who had a low (<20 mL) or high (≥20 mL) volume of cold-activated BAT (assessed by using positron emission tomography in conjunction with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-glucose). We find that plasma TG and FFA concentrations are lower and VLDL-TG and FFA plasma clearance rates are faster in women with high BAT than low BAT volume, whereas VLDL-TG and FFA appearance rates in plasma are not different between the two groups. These findings demonstrate that women with high BAT volume have lower plasma TG and FFA concentrations than women with low BAT volumes because of increased VLDL-TG and FFA clearance rates. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02786251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, Greece.
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raja Ramaswamy
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard L Wahl
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce W Patterson
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel Klein
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Smolik S, Miller AL, Mong DA, Trenbeath Z, Miller KR, Cost C, Demedis J. Incidence and Risk Factors for Brown Adipose Tissue Uptake in PET Imaging in Pediatric Patients. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:e60-e64. [PMID: 37910816 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) scans are used in disease diagnosis and evaluation for pediatric oncology patients. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET uptake is reported in 35% to 47% of pediatric patients. Several risk factors may be associated with BAT uptake. OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the incidence and risk factors for BAT in pediatric patients using a consensus-based system and a novel grading scale. METHODS A total of 285 PET scans in 154 patients were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of BAT from September 2015 through December 2016. A consensus review was done by 2 radiologists, who graded BAT on a 0 to 3 scale and assessed its impact on PET interpretation. RESULTS The presence of moderate to severe BAT occurred in 11% of PET scans, and 6% of PETs had limited interpretation. Hodgkin lymphoma (n=53) patients had a 3.62-fold increased odds of moderate or severe BAT and a 6.59-fold increased odds of limited interpretation on PET imaging. CONCLUSION The incidence of BAT was low but impacted radiologic interpretation when present. Further studies with a larger group of Hodgkin lymphoma patients are needed to explore the risk factors associated with moderate or severe BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Smolik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado
| | - Angie L Miller
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado
| | - David A Mong
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado
| | - Zachary Trenbeath
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado
| | - Kristen R Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz
| | - Carrye Cost
- Janssen Research and Development, Aurora, CO
| | - Jenna Demedis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado
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Pötzsch C, Kurch L, Naumann S, Georgi TW, Sabri O, Stoevesandt D, Cepelova M, Körholz D, Mauz-Körholz C, Hasenclever D, Kluge R. Prevention of activated brown adipose tissue on 18F-FDG-PET scans of young lymphoma patients: results of an ancillary study within the EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21944. [PMID: 38081864 PMCID: PMC10713612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated brown fat (aBAT) is known to affect the evaluation of 18F-FDG PET scans, especially in young patients. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing the occurrence of aBAT, and to investigate the effectiveness of the two preventive measures, warming and beta-blocker (propranolol) administration. Five-hundred-twenty-eight 18F-FDG-PET scans of 241 EuroNet-PHL-C2 trial patients from 41 nuclear medicine departments in Germany and Czech Republic were screened for aBAT. The occurrence of aBAT was analyzed with patient characteristics (age, sex, body mass index, predisposition to aBAT), weather data at the day of 18F-FDG PET scanning as well as the preventive measures taken. Potentially important factors from univariate analyses were included into a logistic regression model. Warming as a preventive measure was used in 243 18F-FDG-PET scans, propranolol was administered in 36, warming and propranolol were combined in 84, and no preventive measures were taken in 165 scans. Whereas age, sex and body mass index had no clear impact, there was an individual predisposition to aBAT. Logistic regression model revealed that the frequency of aBAT mainly depends on the outside temperature (p = 0.005) and can be effectively reduced by warming (p = 0.004), the administration of unselective beta-blocker or the combination of both. Warming is a simple, cheap and non-invasive method to reduce the frequency of aBAT. However, the effect of warming decreases with increasing outside temperatures. Administration of propranolol seems to be equally effective and provides advantages whenever the positive effect of warming is compromised. The combination of both preventive measures could have an additive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pötzsch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars Kurch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - S Naumann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T W Georgi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - O Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Stoevesandt
- Department of Radiology, Medical Faculty of the Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M Cepelova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Motol and Second Medical Faculty of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Körholz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Mauz-Körholz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Hasenclever
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Kluge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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de Paula Faria D, da Silva Vera CC, Marques FLN, Sapienza MT. Repeatability of brown adipose tissue activation measured by [ 18F]FDG PET after beta3-adrenergic stimuli in a mouse model. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 126-127:108390. [PMID: 37804561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation measured by [18F]FDG-PET after beta3-adrenergic stimuli with CL316243 in mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice underwent [18F]FDG-PET at baseline without stimulation (T0-NS), on three consecutive days after intravenous administration of the selective β3-adrenergic agonist CL316243 (T1-CL, T2-CL, T3-CL), and without stimuli after 1 and 2 weeks (T7-NS and T14-NS). The standardized uptake value (SUVmax), BAT metabolic volume (BMV), and total BAT glycolysis (TBG) were measured in each scanning session, with statistical groupwise comparisons by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS SUVmax, BMV, and TBG values showed no significant differences between the three PET scans without stimuli, but were significantly higher after CL316243 administration (p < 0.0001). The mean coefficient of variation (CoV) of PET within individuals was 49 % at baseline but only 9 % with pharmacological stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that administration of the selective β3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 (CL) in mice leads to consistent metabolic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT), as measured by [18F]FDG-PET. We also demonstrated metabolic activation by repeated pharmacological challenge, without evidence of hysteresis. Thus, the methods used in the current work should serve for further studies on BAT metabolism in experimental animals, with translational value for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleinando Clemente da Silva Vera
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Kwok TC, Stimson RH. Human brown adipose tissue function: insights from current in vivo techniques. J Endocrinol 2023; 259:e230017. [PMID: 37594011 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a thermogenic organ in human adults approximately 20 years ago raised the exciting possibility of activating this tissue as a new treatment for obesity and cardiometabolic disease. [18F]Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning is the most commonly used imaging modality to detect and quantify human BAT activity in vivo. This technique exploits the substantial glucose uptake by BAT during thermogenesis as a marker for BAT metabolism. 18F-FDG PET has provided substantial insights into human BAT physiology, including its regulatory pathways and the effect of obesity and cardiometabolic disease on BAT function. The use of alternative PET tracers and the development of novel techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, supraclavicular skin temperature measurements, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy and microdialysis have all added complementary information to improve our understanding of human BAT. However, many questions surrounding BAT physiology remain unanswered, highlighting the need for further research and novel approaches to investigate this tissue. This review critically discusses current techniques to assess human BAT function in vivo, the insights gained from these modalities and their limitations. We also discuss other promising techniques in development that will help dissect the pathways regulating human thermogenesis and determine the therapeutic potential of BAT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T'ng Choong Kwok
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roland H Stimson
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Ricci M, De Feo MS, Granese GM, Frantellizzi V, Carabellese B, Lubrano E, Cimini A. 18F-FDG PET/CT technology for the assessment of brown adipose tissue: an updated review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:1143-1156. [PMID: 37965719 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2283618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This review provides an update of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) for Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity quantification, whose role is not completely understood. AREAS COVERED We conducted an unstructured search of the literature for any studies employing the [18F] FDG PET in BAT assessment. We explored BAT quantification both in healthy individuals and in different pathologies, after cold exposure and as a metabolic biomarker. The assessment of possible BAT modulators by using [18F] FDG PET is shown. Further PET tracers and novel developments for BAT assessments are also described. EXPERT OPINION Further PET tracers and imaging modalities are under investigation, but the [18F] FDG PET is currently the method of choice for the evaluation of BAT and further multicentric trials are needed for a better understanding of the BAT physiopathology, also after cold stimuli. The modulation of BAT activity, assessed by [18F] FDG PET imaging, seems a promising tool for the management of conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, an interesting possible correlation of BAT activation with prognostic [18F] FDG PET indices in cancer patients should be assessed with further multicentric trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ricci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria Silvia De Feo
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Maria Granese
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Frantellizzi
- Department of Radiological Sciences Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ennio Lubrano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi del Molise, Italy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Cimini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
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14
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de Paula Faria D, D'Arc Campeiro J, de Souza Junqueira M, Real CC, Marques FLN, Hayashi MAF, Sapienza MT. [ 18F]FDG and [ 11C]PK11195 PET imaging in the evaluation of brown adipose tissue - effects of cold and pharmacological stimuli and their association with crotamine intake in a male mouse model. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108362. [PMID: 37356164 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the role of positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]PK11195 and [18F]FDG in the characterization of brown adipose tissue (BAT). METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were studied with the glucose analogue [18F]FDG (n = 21) and the TSPO mitochondrial tracer [11C]PK11195 (n = 28), without stimulus and after cold (6-9 °C) or beta-agonist (CL316243) stimuli. PET studies were performed at baseline and after 21 days of daily treatment with crotamine, which is a peptide described to induce adipocyte tissue browning and to increase BAT metabolism. Tracer uptake (SUVmax) was measured in the interscapular BAT and translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The cold stimulus increased [18F]FDG uptake compared to no-stimulus (5.21 ± 1.05 vs. 2.03 ± 0.21, p < 0.0001) and to beta-agonist stimulus (2.65 ± 0.39, p = 0.0003). After 21 days of treatment with crotamine, there was no significant difference in the [18F]FDG uptake compared to the baseline in the no-stimulus group and in the cold-stimulus group, with a significant increase in uptake after CL stimulus (baseline: 2.65 ± 0.39; 21 days crotamine: 4.77 ± 0.81, p = 0.0003). Evaluation of [11C]PK11195 at baseline shows that CL stimulus increases the BAT uptake compared to no-stimulus (4.47 ± 0.66 vs. 3.36 ± 0.68, p = 0.014). After 21 days of treatment with crotamine, there was no significant difference in the [11C]PK11195 uptake compared to the baseline in the no-stimulus group (2.94 ± 0.58, p = 0.7864) and also after CL stimulus (3.55 ± 0.79, p = 0.085). TSPO expression correlated with [11C]PK11195 uptake (r = 0.83, p = 0.018) but not with [18F]FDG uptake (r = 0.40, p = 0.516). CONCLUSIONS [11C]PK11195 allowed the identification of BAT under thermoneutral conditions or after beta3-adrenergic stimulation in a direct correlation with TSPO expression. The beta-adrenergic stimulus, despite presenting a lower intensity of glycolytic activation compared to cold at baseline, allowed the observation of an increase in BAT uptake of [18F]FDG after 21 days of crotamine administration. Although some limitations were observed for the metabolic changes induced by crotamine, this study reinforced the potential of using [11C]PK11195 and/or [18F]FDG-PET to monitor the activation of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Campeiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara de Souza Junqueira
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (CTO), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Cristiano Real
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirian Akemi Furuie Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (LIM 43), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Suthar PP, Virmani S. Intense Brown Fat Uptake at FDG PET/CT Induced by Mirabegron. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e230055. [PMID: 37477563 PMCID: PMC10413286 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pokhraj Prakashchandra Suthar
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sumeet Virmani
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
Rush University Medical Center, 1653 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612
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16
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Li J, Guo Y, Ren P, Zhang Y, Han R, Xiong L. Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein-Mediated Polymer Dots for Multimodal Imaging Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue Capillaries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:28981-28992. [PMID: 37289581 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissues (BATs) have been identified as a promising target of metabolism disorders. [18F]FDG-PET (FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose; PET = positron emission tomography) has been predominantly employed for BAT imaging, but its limitations drive the urgent need for novel functional probes combined with multimodal imaging approaches. It has been reported that polymer dots (Pdots) display rapid BAT imaging without additional cold stimulation. However, the mechanism by which Pdots image BAT remains unclear. Here, we made an intensive study of the imaging mechanism and found that Pdots can bind to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). By virtue of their high affinity to TRLs, Pdots selectively accumulate in capillary endothelial cells (ECs) in interscapular brown adipose tissues (iBATs). Compared to poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)cumene terminated (PSMAC)-Pdots with a short half-life and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-Pdots with low lipophilicity, naked-Pdots have good lipophilicity, with a half-life of about 30 min and up to 94% uptake in capillary ECs within 5 min, increasing rapidly after acute cold stimulation. These results suggested that the accumulation changes of Pdots in iBAT can reflect iBAT activity sensitively. Based on this mechanism, we further developed a strategy to detect iBAT activity and quantify the TRL uptake in vivo using multimodal Pdots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Guo
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Panting Ren
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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17
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Brahmbhatt P, Ataei F, Parent EE, Sharma A. Atypically Intense Pharmacologically Induced Brown Fat Activation on FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:233-236. [PMID: 36723882 PMCID: PMC9907682 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brown fat activation with increased radiotracer localization on FDG PET/CT studies is a well-known phenomenon. Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) is usually seen in the supraclavicular region, but also in paraspinal and rarely in upper abdominal fat. Ours is a unique case of atypically intense, multilobular FDG uptake in activated BAT. Chart review revealed that the patient was receiving mirabegron, a known activator of brown fat. Methods of reducing brown fat uptake are known, but little information is reported on pharmacologic causes of increased uptake. Factors increasing FDG uptake in BAT should also be considered when interpreting PET/CT studies.
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18
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Ortiz-Alvarez L, Acosta FM, Xu H, Sanchez-Delgado G, Vilchez-Vargas R, Link A, Plaza-Díaz J, Llamas JM, Gil A, Labayen I, Rensen PCN, Ruiz JR, Martinez-Tellez B. Fecal microbiota composition is related to brown adipose tissue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in young adults. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:567-576. [PMID: 36242744 PMCID: PMC9938059 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has gained considerable attention as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and its related cardiometabolic diseases; however, whether the gut microbiota might be an efficient stimulus to activate BAT metabolism remains to be ascertained. We aimed to investigate the association of fecal microbiota composition with BAT volume and activity and mean radiodensity in young adults. METHODS 82 young adults (58 women, 21.8 ± 2.2 years old) participated in this cross-sectional study. DNA was extracted from fecal samples and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyse the fecal microbiota composition. BAT was determined via a static 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (PET/CT) after a 2 h personalized cooling protocol. 18F-FDG uptake was also quantified in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscles. RESULTS The relative abundance of Akkermansia, Lachnospiraceae sp. and Ruminococcus genera was negatively correlated with BAT volume, BAT SUVmean and BAT SUVpeak (all rho ≤ - 0.232, P ≤ 0.027), whereas the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium genus was positively correlated with BAT SUVmean and BAT SUVpeak (all rho ≥ 0.262, P ≤ 0.012). On the other hand, the relative abundance of Sutterellaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae families was positively correlated with 18F-FDG uptake by WAT and skeletal muscles (all rho ≥ 0.213, P ≤ 0.042). All the analyses were adjusted for the PET/CT scan date as a proxy of seasonality. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that fecal microbiota composition is involved in the regulation of BAT and glucose uptake by other tissues in young adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT02365129 (registered 18 February 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ortiz-Alvarez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - F M Acosta
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - H Xu
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - G Sanchez-Delgado
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - R Vilchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A Link
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - J M Llamas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - A Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs Granada, 18014, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I Labayen
- Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain (IS-FOOD), Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadía, Pamplona, Spain
| | - P C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, School of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH (PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity) Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
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19
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Eljalby M, Huang X, Becher T, Wibmer AG, Jiang CS, Vaughan R, Schöder H, Cohen P. Brown adipose tissue is not associated with cachexia or increased mortality in a retrospective study of patients with cancer. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E144-E153. [PMID: 36576355 PMCID: PMC9902220 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although brown fat is strongly associated with a constellation of cardiometabolic benefits in animal models and humans, it has also been tied to cancer cachexia. In humans, cancer-associated cachexia increases mortality, raising the possibility that brown fat in this context may be associated with increased cancer death. However, the effect of brown fat on cancer-associated cachexia and survival in humans remains unclear. Here, we retrospectively identify patients with and without brown fat on fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) scans obtained as part of routine cancer care and assemble a cohort to address these questions. We did not find an association between brown fat status and cachexia. Furthermore, we did not observe an association between brown fat and increased mortality in patients with cachexia. Our analyses controlled for confounding factors including age at cancer diagnosis, sex, body mass index, cancer site, cancer stage, outdoor temperature, comorbid conditions (heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular disease), and β-blocker use. Taken together, our results suggest that brown fat is not linked to cancer-associated cachexia and does not worsen overall survival in patients with cachexia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study finds that brown fat is not linked to cancer-associated cachexia. Moreover, this work shows that brown fat does not worsen overall survival in patients with cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Eljalby
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tobias Becher
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- First Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas G Wibmer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Caroline S Jiang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York
| | - Roger Vaughan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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20
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Sun L, Aarnio R, Herre EA, Kärnä S, Palani S, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Honkaniemi A, Oikonen V, Han C, Laurila S, Bucci M, Helin S, Yatkin E, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P, Tang J, Roivainen A. [ 11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:266-274. [PMID: 36166079 PMCID: PMC9816189 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoperiod determines the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and affects the food intake and body mass of mammals. Sympathetic innervation of the BAT controls thermogenesis and facilitates physiological adaption to seasonal changes, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that central opioid signaling regulates BAT thermogenesis, and that the expression of the brain mu-opioid receptor (MOR) varies seasonally. Therefore, it is important to know whether MOR expression in BAT shows seasonal variation. METHODS We determined the effect of photoperiod on BAT MOR availability using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET). Adult rats (n = 9) were repeatedly imaged under various photoperiods in order to simulate seasonal changes. RESULTS Long photoperiod was associated with low MOR expression in BAT (β = - 0.04, 95% confidence interval: - 0.07, - 0.01), but not in muscles. We confirmed the expression of MOR in BAT and muscle using immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION Photoperiod affects MOR availability in BAT. Sympathetic innervation of BAT may influence thermogenesis via the peripheral MOR system. The present study supports the utility of [11C]carfentanil PET to study the peripheral MOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Richard Aarnio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Atencio Herre
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aake Honkaniemi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
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21
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Shirakawa C, Koyasu S, Takada M, Toi M, Nakamoto Y. Unilateral Reduction of 18F-FDG Accumulation in Brown Adipose Tissue by Sympathectomy for Hyperhidrosis. Clin Nucl Med 2023; 48:79-80. [PMID: 36469066 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A 30-year-old woman with left breast cancer underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. Intense FDG uptake was observed in the primary lesion, as well as on the left side of the neck to the supraclavicular fossa and left paravertebral region. History taking revealed that she had undergone a right thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis, which resulted in attenuated FDG uptake in the right-sided brown adipose tissue (BAT). With another examination keeping adequate warming, the accumulation of BAT was reduced and a diagnosis of cT1N1M0 was made. Unilateral sympathetic blockade can cause asymmetric FDG accumulation in BAT, which interferes with interpretation in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigusa Shirakawa
- From the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe
| | - Sho Koyasu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital
| | - Masahiro Takada
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kyoto University Hospital
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22
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Alito A, Quartarone A, Leonardi G, Tisano A, Bruschetta A, Cucinotta F, Milardi D, Portaro S. Brown adipose tissue human biomarkers: Which one fits best? A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32181. [PMID: 36482525 PMCID: PMC9726395 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine metabolically dynamic active tissue that plays a central role in the systemic energy balance and metabolic regulation. Brown AT represents approximately 1% of adult human AT, with an energy-burning function that uses fat to create heat. Brown AT activity was measured using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. It has been shown that cold exposure could promote brown AT activation. However, many factors, such as aging and body mass index, may interfere with this activity. Many authors have discussed the role of factors specifically secreted by the AT in response to cold exposure. The aim of this review is to properly understand the effects of cold on AT and biomarkers and their possible application in rehabilitation medicine. A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify published studies regarding biomarkers of cold effects on Brown AT searching the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, from 2012 to 2022. After evaluation of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies were included in this review. We reported the overall influence of cold exposure on brown AT activity, its related biomarkers, and metabolism, demonstrating that the therapeutic role of cold exposure needs to be better standardized. From our data, it is important to design proper clinical trials because most cold applied protocols lack a common and homogeneous methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Alito
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- * Correspondence: Angelo Alito, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, Messina, Cap 98125, Italy (e-mail: )
| | | | - Giulia Leonardi
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Medicine, Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Adriana Tisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Demetrio Milardi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Portaro
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Medicine, Policlinico “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
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23
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Jo G, Kim EJ, Song J, Hyun H. Molecular Tuning of IR-786 for Improved Brown Adipose Tissue Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213756. [PMID: 36430234 PMCID: PMC9699178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome the limitations of brown adipose tissue (BAT) imaging with MRI and PET/CT, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has been utilized in living animals because it is highly sensitive, noninvasive, nonradioactive, and cost-effective. To date, only a few NIR fluorescent dyes for detecting BAT have been reported based on the structure-inherent targeting strategy. Among them, IR-786, a commercial cyanine dye, was used firstly for quantitative NIR imaging of BAT perfusion in 2003. Owing to the high cytotoxicity, poor water solubility, and strong nonspecific background uptake of IR-786, the chemical structure of IR-786 should be redesigned to be more hydrophilic and less toxic so that it can show more BAT-specific accumulation. Here, we developed a BAT-specific NIR dye, BF800-AM, by incorporating the tyramine linker in the original structure of IR-786. After modifying the physicochemical properties of IR-786, in vivo results showed significant uptake of the newly designed BF800-AM in the BAT with improved signal-to-background ratio. Additional in vivo studies using mouse tumor models revealed that BF800-AM targeting to BAT is independent of tumor tissues, as distinct from IR-786 showing uptake in both tissues. Therefore, BF800-AM can be used for improved noninvasive visualization of BAT mass and activity in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayoung Jo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (H.H.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2706 (J.S.); +82-61-379-2652 (H.H.)
| | - Hoon Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (H.H.); Tel.: +82-61-379-2706 (J.S.); +82-61-379-2652 (H.H.)
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24
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Cheng R, Fujinaga M, Yang J, Rong J, Haider A, Ogasawara D, Van RS, Shao T, Chen Z, Zhang X, Calderon Leon ER, Zhang Y, Mori W, Kumata K, Yamasaki T, Xie L, Sun S, Wang L, Ran C, Shao Y, Cravatt B, Josephson L, Zhang MR, Liang SH. A novel monoacylglycerol lipase-targeted 18F-labeled probe for positron emission tomography imaging of brown adipose tissue in the energy network. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:3002-3010. [PMID: 35513432 PMCID: PMC9622914 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) constitutes a serine hydrolase that orchestrates endocannabinoid homeostasis and exerts its function by catalyzing the degradation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid (AA). As such, selective inhibition of MAGL represents a potential therapeutic and diagnostic approach to various pathologies including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases and cancers. Based on a unique 4-piperidinyl azetidine diamide scaffold, we developed a reversible and peripheral-specific radiofluorinated MAGL PET ligand [18F]FEPAD. Pharmacokinetics and binding studies on [18F]FEPAD revealed its outstanding specificity and selectivity towards MAGL in brown adipose tissue (BAT) - a tissue that is known to be metabolically active. We employed [18F]FEPAD in PET studies to assess the abundancy of MAGL in BAT deposits of mice and found a remarkable degree of specific tracer binding in the BAT, which was confirmed by post-mortem tissue analysis. Given the negative regulation of endocannabinoids on the metabolic BAT activity, our study supports the concept that dysregulation of MAGL is likely linked to metabolic disorders. Further, we now provide a suitable imaging tool that allows non-invasive assessment of MAGL in BAT deposits, thereby paving the way for detailed mechanistic studies on the role of BAT in endocannabinoid system (ECS)-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cheng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jing Yang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daisuke Ogasawara
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Richard S Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Erick R Calderon Leon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Shaofa Sun
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Non-power Nuclear Technology, College of Nuclear Technology & Chemistry and Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, 437100, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Benjamin Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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25
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Li Y, Lu S, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang C, Xiong L. Multifunctional Imaging of Vessels, Brown Adipose Tissue, and Bones in the Visible and Second Near-infrared Region Using Dual-Emitting Polymer Dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:37504-37513. [PMID: 35970519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dual-emitting polymer dots (dual-Pdots) in the visible and second near-infrared (NIR-II) region can facilitate the high-resolution imaging of the fine structure and improve the signal-to-noise ratio in in vivo imaging. Herein, combining high brightness of Pdots and multi-scale imaging, we synthesized dual-Pdots using a simple nano-coprecipitation method and performed multi-functional imaging of vessels, brown adipose tissue, and bones. Results showed that in vivo blood vessel imaging had a high resolution of up to 5.9 μm and bone imaging had a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.9. Moreover, dual-Pdots can accumulate in the interscapular brown adipose tissue within 2 min with a signal-to-noise ratio of 5.8. In addition, the prepared dual-Pdots can image the lymphatic valves and the frequency of contraction. Our study provides a feasible method of using Pdots as nanoprobes for multi-scale imaging in the fields of metabolic disorders, skeletal system diseases, and circulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Juxiang Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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26
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Acosta FM, Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Mendez-Gutierrez A, Aguilera CM, Gil A, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. A larger brown fat volume and lower radiodensity are related to a greater cardiometabolic risk, especially in young men. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:171-183. [PMID: 36149276 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in the maintenance of cardiometabolic health in rodents. Recent reports appear to suggest the same in humans, although if this is true remains elusive partly because of the methodological bias that affected previous research. This cross-sectional work reports the relationships of cold-induced BAT volume, activity (peak standardized uptake, SUVpeak), and mean radiodensity (an inverse proxy of the triacylglycerols content) with the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile of 131 young adults, and how these relationships are influenced by sex and body weight. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS Subjects underwent personalized cold exposure for 2 h to activate BAT, followed by static 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT scanning to determine BAT variables. Information on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and inflammatory markers was gathered, and a CMR score and fatty liver index (FLI) were calculated. RESULTS In men, BAT volume was positively related to homocysteine and liver damage markers concentrations (independently of BMI and seasonality) and the FLI (all P ≤ 0.05). In men, BAT mean radiodensity was negatively related to the glucose and insulin concentrations, alanine aminotransferase activity, insulin resistance, total cholesterol/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, the CMR score, and the FLI (all P ≤ 0.02). In women, it was only negatively related to the FLI (P < 0.001). These associations were driven by the results for the overweight and obese subjects. No relationship was seen between BAT and inflammatory markers (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A larger BAT volume and a lower BAT mean radiodensity are related to a higher CMR, especially in young men, which may support that BAT acts as a compensatory organ in states of metabolic disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH 'PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH 'PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH 'PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- PROFITH 'PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Center (CIDAF), Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, 'José Mataix Verdú' Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBNISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, 'José Mataix Verdú' Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBNISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, 'José Mataix Verdú' Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBNISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Services, 'Virgen de las Nieves' University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH 'PRO-moting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity' Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
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Lin L, Zhang Q, Wang N, Jiang K, Lin Y, Chen Z, Song Q, Liu A, Wang J. Evaluation of brown adipose tissue with intermolecular double-quantum coherence magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 T. NMR Biomed 2022; 35:e4676. [PMID: 35043481 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we propose a single-voxel (SV) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) pulse sequence, based on intermolecular double-quantum coherence (iDQC), for in vivo specific assessment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) at 3 T. The multilocular adipocyte, present in BAT, typically contains a large number of small lipid droplets surrounded by abundant intracellular water, while the monolocular adipocyte, present in white adipose tissue (WAT), accommodates only a single large lipid droplet with much less water content. The SV-iDQC sequence probes the spatial correlation between water and fat spins at a distance of about the size of an adipocyte, thus can be used for assessment of BAT, even when mixed with WAT and/or muscle tissues. This sequence for measurement of water-to-fat (water-fat) iDQC signals was tested on phantoms and mouse BAT and WAT tissues. It was then used to differentiate adipose tissues in the supraclavicular and subcutaneous regions of healthy youth human volunteers (n = 6). Phantom results with water-fat emulsions demonstrated enhanced water-fat iDQC signal with increased voxel size, increased energy level of emulsification, or increased distribution balance of water and fat spins. The animal tissue experiments resulted in obvious water-fat iDQC signal in mouse BAT, while this signal was almost absent in the WAT spectrum. The optimal choice of the dipolar coupling distance for the observation was approximately 100 μm, as tested on both emulsion phantom and animal tissue. The water-fat iDQC signals observed in the supraclavicular adipose tissues were higher than in the subcutaneous adipose tissues in healthy young volunteers (0.43 ± 0.36 vs. 0.10 ± 0.06, p = 0.06). It was concluded that the iDQC-based sequence has potential for assessment of mouse and human BAT at 3 T, which is of interest for clinical research and the diagnosis of obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Lin
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Qinhe Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqin Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
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28
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Ahmed BA, Varah N, Ong FJ, Blondin DP, Gunn E, Konyer NB, Singh NP, Noseworthy MD, Haman F, Carpentier AC, Punthakee Z, Steinberg GR, Morrison KM. Impaired Cold-Stimulated Supraclavicular Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Young Boys With Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:1193-1204. [PMID: 35293989 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a growing worldwide problem. In adults, lower cold-induced brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is linked to obesity and metabolic dysfunction; this relationship remains uncertain in children. In this cross-sectional study, we compared cold-induced supraclavicular (SCV) BAT activity (percent change in proton density fat fraction [PDFF]) within the SCV region after 1 h of whole-body cold exposure (18°C), using MRI in 26 boys aged 8-10 years: 13 with normal BMI and 13 with overweight/obesity. Anthropometry, body composition, hepatic fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and pre- and postcold PDFF of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in the posterior neck region and the abdomen were measured. Boys with overweight/obesity had lower cold-induced percent decline in SCV PDFF compared with those with normal BMI (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 4.7 ± 1.2%, P = 0.044). SCV PDFF declined significantly in boys with normal BMI (2.7 ± 0.7%, P = 0.003) but not in boys with overweight/obesity (1.1 ± 0.5%, P = 0.053). No cold-induced changes in the PDFF of either neck SAT (-0.89 ± 0.7%, P = 0.250, vs. 0.37 ± 0.3%, P = 0.230) or abdominal SAT (-0.39 ± 0.5%, P = 0.409, and 0.25 ± 0.2%, P = 0.139, for normal BMI and overweight/obesity groups, respectively) were seen. The cold-induced percent decline in SCV PDFF was inversely related to BMI (r = -0.39, P = 0.047), waist circumference (r = -0.48, P = 0.014), and VAT (r = -0.47, P = 0.014). Thus, in young boys, as in adults, BAT activity is lower in those with overweight/obesity, suggesting that restoring activity may be important for improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Ahmed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina Varah
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank J Ong
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman B Konyer
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nina P Singh
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Noseworthy
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francois Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Frankl JA, An Y, Sherwood A, Hao G, Huang FY, Thapa P, Clegg DJ, Sun X, Scherer PE, Öz OK. Comparison of BMIPP-SPECT/CT to 18FDG-PET/CT for Imaging Brown or Browning Fat in a Preclinical Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4880. [PMID: 35563272 PMCID: PMC9101718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a leading cause of preventable death and morbidity. To elucidate the mechanisms connecting metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) and metabolic health may provide insights into methods of treatment for obesity-related conditions. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18FDG-PET/CT) is traditionally used to image human BAT activity. However, the primary energy source of BAT is derived from intracellular fatty acids and not glucose. Beta-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is a fatty acid analogue amenable to in vivo imaging by single photon emission computed tomography/CT (SPECT/CT) when radiolabeled with iodine isotopes. In this study, we compare the use of 18FDG-PET/CT and 125I-BMIPP-SPECT/CT for fat imaging to ascertain whether BMIPP is a more robust candidate for the non-invasive evaluation of metabolically active adipose depots. Interscapular BAT, inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and gonadal white adipose tissue (gWAT) uptake of 18FDG and 125I-BMIPP was quantified in mice following treatment with the BAT-stimulating drug CL-316,243 or saline vehicle control. After CL-316,243 treatment, uptake of both radiotracers increased in BAT and iWAT. The standard uptake value (SUVmean) for 18FDG and 125I-BMIPP significantly correlated in these depots, although uptake of 125I-BMIPP in BAT and iWAT more closely mimicked the fold-change in metabolic rate as measured by an extracellular flux analyzer. Herein, we find that imaging BAT with the radioiodinated fatty acid analogue BMIPP yields more physiologically relevant data than 18FDG-PET/CT, and its conventional use may be a pivotal tool for evaluating BAT in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Frankl
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Yu An
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Amber Sherwood
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Feng-Yun Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzih Road, Beitun District, Taichung City 406053, Taiwan;
| | - Pawan Thapa
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Deborah J. Clegg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, 5001 El Paso Dr, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Orhan K. Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (J.A.F.); (A.S.); (G.H.); (P.T.); (X.S.)
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Kulterer OC, Herz CT, Prager M, Schmöltzer C, Langer FB, Prager G, Marculescu R, Kautzky-Willer A, Hacker M, Haug AR, Kiefer FW. Brown Adipose Tissue Prevalence Is Lower in Obesity but Its Metabolic Activity Is Intact. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:858417. [PMID: 35432192 PMCID: PMC9009254 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its high metabolic activity, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising target for the development of novel treatment concepts for metabolic disease. Despite several reports of a negative association between the presence of active BAT and obesity, very little is known about the quantitative and qualitative differences of BAT in lean and obese individuals. Systematic studies directly comparing cold-induced BAT activity in leanness and obesity are currently lacking. Here we studied BAT mass and function in 31 lean and 64 obese men and women. After a standardized cooling protocol using a water-perfused vest, 18F-FDG-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans were performed, and BAT was delineated using lean body-mass adjusted standardized uptake value (SUV) thresholds in anatomic regions with fat radiodensity. Cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT), a functional readout of BAT activity, was quantified by indirect calorimetry. Active BAT was present in a significantly higher proportion of lean than obese individuals (58% vs. 33%, p=0.019). In these participants with active BAT, however, BAT volume and activity did not differ between leanness and obesity. Accordingly, CIT was similar in both weight groups. BAT metrics were not related to adiposity or total fat mass per se. However, in obese participants a strong negative correlation existed between visceral adipose tissue and BAT volume, 18F-FDG uptake and CIT. In summary, despite a significantly lower prevalence of BAT, the metabolic activity and thermogenic capacity of BAT appears to be still intact in obesity and is inversely associated with visceral fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C. Kulterer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carsten T. Herz
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Prager
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Schmöltzer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix B. Langer
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of Visceral Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Division of Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R. Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W. Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Florian W. Kiefer,
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) is used to detect brown adipose tissue (BAT) in humans. Function can be measured using different tracers, most typically with glucose analog 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). CT provides an anatomical reference, but this tool can be utilized for other purposes as well, such as indirect estimate of triglyceride content of the BAT. PET/CT measurements require sophisticated and highly specified devices, and manufacturer-dependent differences exist between different scanners. Therefore, complete device-specific instructions are not given in this article, but rather general guidelines which are important when human BAT is imaged using PET/CT.
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Drabsch T, Junker D, Bayer S, Wu M, Held C, Karampinos DC, Hauner H, Holzapfel C. Association Between Adipose Tissue Proton Density Fat Fraction, Resting Metabolic Rate and FTO Genotype in Humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:804874. [PMID: 35295982 PMCID: PMC8919670 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.804874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The difference of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) between supraclavicular and gluteal adipose tissue might indicate the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between PDFF over the supraclavicular fat region as a proxy of BAT proportion and resting metabolic rate (RMR). In addition, the association between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1421085 at the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene locus and both PDFF and RMR was investigated. METHODS Anthropometric, clinical, and lifestyle data from 92 healthy adults (66.3% females, mean age: 36.2 ± 13.0 years, mean body mass index: 24.9 ± 5.4 kg/m2) were included in the analysis. The RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for the measurement of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT, SAT) volumes and for the measurement of adipose tissue PDFF. RESULTS Mean RMR of the whole group was 1 474.8 ± 242.2 kcal. Genotype data was available for 90 participants. After adjustment for age, sex, weight change and fat-free mass (FFM), no association was found between supraclavicular PDFF (p = 0.346) and gluteal PDFF (p = 0.252), respectively, and RMR, whereas statistically significant evidence for a negative association between delta PDFF (difference between gluteal PDFF and supraclavicular PDFF) and RMR (p = 0.027) was obtained. No statistically significant evidence was observed for per FTO risk allele change in RMR, gluteal and supraclavicular PDFF maps or volumes of VAT and SAT. CONCLUSIONS Supraclavicular PDFF as a surrogate marker of BAT presence is not a determinant of RMR under basal conditions. In the present study, the FTO rs1421085 variant is not associated with either RMR or PDFF. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effect of BAT on RMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Drabsch
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Bayer
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cora Held
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C. Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Else-Kroener-Fresenius Centre of Nutritional Medicine, Chair of Nutritional Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Christina Holzapfel
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Holzapfel,
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Monfort-Pires M, Regeni-Silva G, Dadson P, Nogueira GA, U-Din M, Ferreira SRG, Sapienza MT, Virtanen K, Velloso LA. Brown fat triglyceride content is associated with cardiovascular risk markers in adults from a tropical region. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:919588. [PMID: 35928901 PMCID: PMC9343995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.919588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is regarded as an interesting potential target for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, and the detailed characterization of its structural and functional phenotype could enable an advance in these fields. Most studies evaluating BAT structure and function were performed in temperate climate regions, and we are yet to know how these findings apply to the 40% of the world's population living in tropical areas. Here, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate BAT in 45 lean, overweight, and obese volunteers living in a tropical area in Southeast Brazil. We aimed at investigating the associations between BAT activity, volume, metabolic activity, and BAT content of triglycerides with adiposity and cardiovascular risk markers in a sample of adults living in a tropical area and we showed that BAT glucose uptake is not correlated with leanness; instead, BAT triglyceride content is correlated with visceral adiposity and markers of cardiovascular risk. This study expands knowledge regarding the structure and function of BAT in people living in tropical areas. In addition, we provide evidence that BAT triglyceride content could be an interesting marker of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Monfort-Pires
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University ofCampinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Milena Monfort-Pires, ; Licio A. Velloso,
| | - Giulianna Regeni-Silva
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health -University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Prince Dadson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guilherme A. Nogueira
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University ofCampinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra R. G. Ferreira
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tatit Sapienza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Medical School of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Finland
| | - Kirsi A. Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Licio A. Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, State University ofCampinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Milena Monfort-Pires, ; Licio A. Velloso,
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Herz CT, Kulterer OC, Prager M, Langer FB, Prager G, Marculescu R, Fauler G, Hacker M, Kautzky-Willer A, Trauner M, Haug AR, Kiefer FW. Characterization of endogenous bile acid composition in individuals with cold-activated brown adipose tissue. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111403. [PMID: 34332024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bile acid signaling has been suggested to promote BAT activity in various experimental models. However, little is known if and how physiologic bile acid metabolism is linked to BAT function in humans. Here we investigated the association between BAT activity and circulating bile acid concentrations in lean and obese individuals. METHODS BAT 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was measured after a standardized cooling protocol by positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Cold-induced thermogenesis was assessed by indirect calorimetry. Fasting bile acid concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS In a cohort of 24 BAT-negative and 20 BAT-positive individuals matched by age, sex, and body mass index, circulating bile acid levels were similar between groups except for higher ursodeoxycholic acid and a trend towards a lower 12α-OH/non-12α-OH bile acid ratio in lean participants with active BAT compared to those without. Moreover, the 12α-OH/non-12α-OH ratio, a marker of CYP8B1 activity, correlated negatively with BAT volume and activity. CONCLUSION Fasting concentrations of major bile acids are not associated with cold-induced BAT activity in humans. However, the inverse association between BAT activity and 12α-OH/non-12α-OH ratio may suggest CYP8B1 as a potential new target in BAT function and warrants additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten T Herz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oana C Kulterer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Prager
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix B Langer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Division of Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Fauler
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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35
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Flanagan EW, Altazan AD, Carmichael OT, Hu HH, Redman LM. Practical application of in vivo MRI-based brown adipose tissue measurements in infants. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1676-1683. [PMID: 34553508 PMCID: PMC9115839 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in infant metabolism remains poorly understood, primarily because of the inherent limitation of positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to measure BAT, which is not suitable for infants. The aims of this method development study were to assess the feasibility, intra-rater reliability, interscan repeatability, and physiological relevance of measuring BAT in infants using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS A total of 10 nonsedated infants (mean age, 22.6 [1.3] days old) completed two 3-T MRI exams using chemical-shift-encoded water-fat scans 6.2 (2.8) days apart. Candidate BAT voxels in the supraclavicular region were identified based on fat signal fraction (FSF). The volumes of BAT depots were manually traced, and FSF was calculated. Whole-body fat mass was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Images were successfully obtained from 19 of 20 (95%) attempted scans. The mean BAT volume was 5.41 (SD 1.1) cm3 , and the mean FSF was 16.41% (SD 3.3%). Intra-rater analysis showed good reliability with no systemic bias (proportional bias for volume: p = 0.19; FSF: p = 0.30). Test-retest for interscan repeatability was good (intraclass correlation coefficients for volume: 0.92, p = 0.001 and intraclass correlation coefficients for FSF: 0.93, p < 0.001). FSF was inversely related to fat-free mass (r = -0.69, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This method development study supports the use of MRI to obtain reliable and quantitative measurements of BAT volume in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W Flanagan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
| | - Abby D Altazan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
| | | | - Houchun H Hu
- Hyperfine Research, Inc., Guilford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisana, USA
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Bansal H, Ravina M, Nanda S, Lukose TT, Krishna S. Diffuse White Adipose Tissue 18F-FDG Uptake-An Unusual Finding on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e513-e514. [PMID: 33867453 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brown adipose tissue of cervical, supraclavicular, and paravertebral regions can show increased FDG uptake. But human white adipose tissue (WAT) shows negligible FDG uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. We present a case of carcinoma cervix treated with concurrent chemoradiation. 18F-FDG PET/CT shows altered biodistribution of FDG with intense FDG uptake throughout the WAT. Later on, patient confirmed taking herbal medication for herpes zoster infection, which could contain corticosteroids, resulting in enhanced WAT uptake of 18F-FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siddhartha Nanda
- Radiotherapy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
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Yang J, Zhang H, Parhat K, Xu H, Li M, Wang X, Ran C. Molecular Imaging of Brown Adipose Tissue Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179436. [PMID: 34502347 PMCID: PMC8431742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a uniquely thermogenic tissue that plays an important role in metabolism and energy expenditure, has recently become a revived target in the fight against metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Different from white adipose tissue (WAT), the brown adipocytes have distinctive features including multilocular lipid droplets, a large number of mitochondria, and a high expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), as well as abundant capillarity. These histologic characteristics provide an opportunity to differentiate BAT from WAT using imaging modalities, such as PET/CT, SPECT/CT, MRI, NIRF and Ultrasound. However, most of the reported imaging methods were BAT activation dependent, and the imaging signals could be affected by many factors, including environmental temperatures and the states of the sympathetic nervous system. Accurate BAT mass detection methods that are independent of temperature and hormone levels have the capacity to track the development and changes of BAT throughout the lifetime of mammals, and such methods could be very useful for the investigation of potential BAT-related therapies. In this review, we focus on molecular imaging modalities that can detect and quantify BAT mass. In addition, their detection mechanism and limitations will be discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (K.P.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (C.R.)
| | - Haili Zhang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (K.P.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Kadirya Parhat
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (K.P.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (K.P.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Mingshuang Li
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (K.P.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (K.P.); (H.X.); (M.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (C.R.)
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Verma S, Govindharajulu P, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Jadegoud Y, Henry CJ, Velan SS, Yeo PS, Lee Y, Lim BSP, Liew H, Chew CK, Quek TPL, Abdul Shakoor SAKK, Hoi WH, Chan SP, Chew DE, Dalan R, Leow MKS. Metabolic effects of brown fat in transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:553-563. [PMID: 34342595 PMCID: PMC8428075 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls metabolic rate through thermogenesis. As its regulatory factors during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism are not well established, our study investigated the relationships between supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activity and physiological/metabolic changes with changes in thyroid status. DESIGN Participants with newly diagnosed Graves' disease were recruited. A thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD) such as carbimazole (CMZ) or thiamazole (TMZ) was prescribed in every case. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a chamber calorimeter, as well as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging scanning, with clinical and biochemical parameters measured during hyperthyroidism and repeated in early euthyroidism. PET sBAT mean/maximum standardized uptake value (SUV mean/max), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF) and mean temperature (Tscv) quantified sBAT activity. RESULTS Twenty-one (16 female/5 male) participants aged 39.5 ± 2.5 years completed the study. The average duration to attain euthyroidism was 28.6 ± 2.3 weeks. Eight participants were BAT-positive while 13 were BAT-negative. sFF increased with euthyroidism (72.3 ± 1.4% to 76.8 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), but no changes were observed in PET SUV mean and Tscv. Significant changes in serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were related to BAT status (interaction P value = 0.04). FT3 concentration at hyperthyroid state was positively associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (r = 0.58, P = 0.01) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hyperthyroidism does not consistently lead to a detectable increase in BAT activity. FT3 reduction during the transition to euthyroidism correlated with BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yaligar Jadegoud
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Pei Shan Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Yingshan Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Brenda Su Ping Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Chee Kian Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Timothy Peng Lim Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Shaikh A K K Abdul Shakoor
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Wai Han Hoi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Correspondence should be addressed to M K Leow Email
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Herz CT, Kulterer OC, Prager M, Marculescu R, Langer FB, Prager G, Kautzky-Willer A, Haug AR, Kiefer FW. Sex differences in brown adipose tissue activity and cold-induced thermogenesis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 534:111365. [PMID: 34126190 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is suggested to exhibit a sexual dimorphism and thus contributes to the observed sex differences in cardiometabolic risk observed between women and men. Clinical data supporting this hypothesis are however scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between BAT activity and sex using positron emission tomography (PET) - the current gold-standard for BAT quantification. METHODS In this study, we included 95 subjects with a wide BMI range (20-55 kg/m2) aged from 18 to 50 years. Avoiding shivering, participants were cooled with a water-perfused vest to achieve adequate BAT activation. BAT activity was determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). Cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) was quantified by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS BAT was present in 44.6% of pre-menopausal women and in 35.9% of men (p = 0.394). CIT was significantly higher in women (p = 0.024). Estradiol levels were positively associated with CIT independent of age, sex, body fat and other sex hormones (b = 0.360, p = 0.016). In women, CIT decreased during the menstrual cycle, with lower levels in the luteal phase similar to median concentrations in men. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cold-activated BAT is slightly but non-significantly higher in pre-menopausal women than men. CIT is increased in females and independently associated with estradiol, suggesting that sex hormones may play a role in different thermogenic responses between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten T Herz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oana C Kulterer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Prager
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Division of Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix B Langer
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Prager
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander R Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian W Kiefer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Recently brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation has been proposed to have a possible role in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate BAT activation in patients with breast cancer and its relationship with molecular characteristics of tumor. PROCEDURES The study group comprised 79 patients with histologically proven ductal breast carcinoma (51 ± 13 years). Data on distribution, intensity (SUVmax), and total metabolic activity (TMA) of BAT were obtained from [18F] FDG-PET/CT. Clinical and biochemical data were obtained from the database. RESULTS BAT activation was present in 12 of the 79 patients (15.2 %). Patients with BAT activation were younger and had a lower body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0005, respectively) and showed less frequently metastasis (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki67, grade, and in molecular subtypes. In patients younger than 55 years and with a BMI < 26, no significant differences were observed between patients with and without BAT activation. In the 12 patients with BAT activation, a significant inverse correlation was observed between TMA and BMI (r = - 0.64, p < 0.05). TMA and SUVmax were higher in grade 2 than in grade 3 patients. No significant differences were found in both TMA and SUVmax between patients with and without lymph node metastases. A significant difference in both TMA and SUVmax was observed among different molecular types, with luminal B patients showing higher values. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the present study suggests a relation between BAT activation and positive known prognostic factor in breast cancer, such as intermediate tumor grade and luminal B cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pace
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, 80133, Naples, Italy
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Sanchez-Delgado G, Martinez-Tellez B, Acosta FM, Virtue S, Vidal-Puig A, Gil A, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Fat Content Are Positively Associated With Whole-Body Adiposity in Young Men-Not in Women. Diabetes 2021; 70:1473-1485. [PMID: 33858825 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume has consistently been claimed to be inversely associated with whole-body adiposity. However, recent advances in the assessment of human BAT suggest that previously reported associations may have been biased. The present cross-sectional study investigates the association of BAT volume, mean radiodensity, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake (assessed via a static positron emission tomography [PET]-computed tomography [CT] scan after a 2-h personalized cold exposure) with whole-body adiposity (measured by DXA) in 126 young adults (42 men and 84 women; mean ± SD BMI 24.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2). BAT volume, but not 18F-FDG uptake, was positively associated with BMI, fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in men but not in women. These associations were independent of the date when the PET-CT was performed, insulin sensitivity, and body surface area. BAT mean radiodensity, an inverse proxy of BAT fat content, was negatively associated with BMI, fat mass, and VAT mass in men and in women. These results refute the widely held belief that human BAT volume is reduced in obese persons, at least in young adults, and suggest that it might even be the opposite in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Francisco M Acosta
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Samuel Virtue
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, U.K
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Nuclear Medicine Services, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Merchan-Ramirez E, Sanchez-Delgado G, Arrizabalaga-Arriazu C, Martinez-Tellez B, Mendez-Gutierrez A, Muñoz-Torres M, Llamas-Elvira JM, Ruiz JR. Thyroid function is not associated with brown adipose tissue volume and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in young euthyroid adults. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:209-218. [PMID: 34061765 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thyroid hormones (THs) are important mediators of brown adipose tissue (BAT) differentiation. However, the association of TH concentrations with human BAT is unclear. The present work examines the associations between circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and THs concentrations (i.e. free triiodothyronine, FT3, and free thyroxine, FT4), under thermoneutral (22-23°C) and cold-induced conditions, and BAT volume, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake and mean radiodensity. METHODS A total of 106 young healthy, euthyroid adults (34 men/72 women; 22.0 ± 2.1 years old; 24.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2) participated in this cross-sectional study. BAT volume, 18F-FDG uptake and mean radiodensity were assessed after 2 h of personalized (i.e. contemplating each individual's shivering threshold) cold exposure via positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) static scanning. TSH and THs levels were determined before (thermoneutral) and 1 h after the cold exposure. RESULTS Cold exposure increased circulating FT4 (P = 0.038) and reduced TSH levels (P ≤ 0.001). Conversely, the FT3 serum concentration was not modified by cold exposure (P = 0.435). No associations were found between the TSH and THs thermoneutral (all P > 0.111) or cold-induced levels (all P > 0.067) and BAT volume, 18F-FDG uptake and mean radiodensity. These findings were independent of sex and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Thyroid function is modulated by cold exposure, yet it is not associated with BAT volume or glucose metabolism assessed after 2 h of cold exposure in young healthy, euthyroid adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Merchan-Ramirez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiano, USA
| | | | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix" Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Muñoz-Torres
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBERFES, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose M Llamas-Elvira
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (Ibs. Granada), Granada, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical and Sports Education, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sports Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Chen Y, Ding J, Zhao Y, Ju S, Mao H, Peng XG. Irisin induces white adipose tissue browning in mice as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1597-1606. [PMID: 33882700 PMCID: PMC8326442 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211006049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to track and evaluate the effect of low-dose irisin on the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in mice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noninvasively in vivo. Mature white adipocytes extracted from mice were cultured, induced and characterized before being treated by irisin. The volume and fat fraction of WAT were quantified using MRI in normal chow diet and high fat mice after injection of irisin. The browning of cultured white adipocytes and WAT in mice were validated by immunohistochemistry and western blotting for uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and deiodinase type II (DIO2). The serum indexes were examined with high fat diet after irisin intervention. UCP1 and DIO2 in adipocytes showed increases responding to the irisin treatment. The size of white adipocytes in mice receiving irisin intervention was reduced. MRI measured volumes and fat fraction of WAT were significantly lower after Irisin treatment. Blood glucose and cholesterol levels were reduced in high fat diet mice after irisin treatment. Irisin intervention exerted browning of WAT, resulting reduction of volume and fat fraction of WAT as measured by MRI. Furthermore, it improved the condition of mice with diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University,
Atlanta, GA 30322-1007, USA
| | - Xin-Gui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University,
Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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Costa APC, Maia JM, Brioschi ML, de Melo Mafra Machado JE. Investigation of thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of brown adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6526. [PMID: 33753827 PMCID: PMC7985156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85974-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This exploratory retrospective study aims to investigate the thermal changes in the thyroid gland region of patients with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia by analyzing the temperature of the brown adipose tissue (BAT). A total of 166 individuals from 1000 thermographic electronic medical records were classified into four groups: Group HP + FM-50 individuals with hypothyroidism and fibromyalgia; Group FM-56 individuals with fibromyalgia only; Group HP-30 individuals with hypothyroidism only, and Group Control-30 healthy individuals. The thermal images from the electronic medical records were acquired by a FLIR T650SC infrared camera (used for thermometry) and the temperature data for each group were statistically analyzed. Group HP + FM showed r = 0, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT are independent of each other. Groups FM, HP and Control showed r = 1, meaning that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT were directly related. Our findings showed that the average temperatures of the thyroid and BAT regions are similar. Also, there was no correlation between thyroid gland temperature and the presence of hypothyroidism or fibromyalgia using thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Christakis Costa
- Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Applied Computer Sciences (CPGEI), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Avenida Sete de Setembro, 3165, Rebouças, Curitiba, Paraná, 80230-901, Brazil.
| | - Joaquim Miguel Maia
- Electronic Engineering Department and Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Applied Computer Sciences (DAELN - CPGEI), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Leal Brioschi
- Neurology Department of Clinic Hospital of São Paulo, University School of Medicine, Brazilian Association of Medical Thermology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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45
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Raiko JRH, Tuulari JJ, Saari T, Parkkola R, Savisto N, Nuutila P, Virtanen K. Associations Between Brain Gray Matter Volumes and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Healthy Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:543-549. [PMID: 33528921 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gray matter (GM) volume in different brain loci has been shown to vary in obesity and diabetes, and elevated fasting plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels have been suggested as one potential mechanism. The hypothesis presented in this study is that brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity may correlate with GM volume in areas negatively associated with obesity and diabetes. METHODS A total of 36 healthy patients (M/F: 12/24, age 39.7 ± 9.4 years, BMI 27.5 ± 5.6 kg/m2 ) were imaged with positron emission tomography using fatty acid analog [18 F]FTHA to measure NEFA uptake and with [15 O]H2 O to measure perfusion during cold exposure, at room temperature during fasting, or during a postprandial state. A 2-hour hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to measure whole-body insulin sensitivity (M value, mean 7.6 ± 3.9 mg/kg/min). T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T was performed on all patients. RESULTS BAT NEFA uptake was associated directly with GM volume in anterior cerebellum and occipital lobe (P ≤ 0.04) when adjusted for age, gender, and intra-abdominal fat volume and with anterior cerebellum, limbic lobe, and temporal lobe GM volumes when adjusted for M value. CONCLUSIONS BAT NEFA metabolism may participate in protection from cognitive degeneration associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as central obesity and insulin resistance. Potential causal relationships between BAT activity and GM volumes remain to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho R H Raiko
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science and Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Saari
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Steinhoff KG, Krause K, Linder N, Rullmann M, Volke L, Gebhardt C, Busse H, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Sabri O, Hesse S, Tönjes A. Effects of Hyperthyroidism on Adipose Tissue Activity and Distribution in Adults. Thyroid 2021; 31:519-527. [PMID: 33019884 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) has provided evidence that adult humans retain metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots. Thyroid hormones (TH) stimulate BAT thermogenesis by central and peripheral mechanisms. However, the effect of hyperthyroidism on BAT activity and BAT volume in humans is yet not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TH on (i) the metabolic activity of brown and white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, (ii) on abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area, and (iii) on serum levels of metabolically active cytokines. Methods: Nineteen patients with overt hyperthyroidism were investigated through repeated 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (2-[18F]FDG PET/CT) in the hyperthyroid and in the euthyroid state. The 2-[18F]FDG uptake was calculated as standard uptake ratio with blood pool as reference. Fat areas were quantified by means of CT segmentation. Serum levels of fetuin A and B, fibroblast growth factor 21, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), retinol-binding protein 4, pro-enkephalin, pro-neurotensin, and neuregulin 4 were determined in the hyperthyroid and in the euthyroid state for each subject. Results: 2-[18F]FDG uptake was increased in the hyperthyroid state in BAT in comparison with the euthyroid phase (p = 0.001). There was no correlation between serum free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) levels and 2-[18F]FDG uptake in BAT or WAT. In the hyperthyroid state, fT3 levels were positively associated with skeletal muscle standardized uptake value ratios. Areas of visceral adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were significantly decreased in hyperthyroidism. AFABP levels correlated positively with fT3 (p = 0.031, β = 0.28) and fT4 (p = 0.037, β = 0.27) in the hyperthyroid state. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the contribution of increased TH levels to the glucose uptake of BAT and WAT is low compared with that of the skeletal muscle. Hyperthyroid subjects have reduced areas of visceral adipose tissue and increased AFABP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Krause
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Linder
- Department of Radiology; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rullmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Volke
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Gebhardt
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Busse
- Department of Radiology; University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Leipzig, Germany
| | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Leipzig, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology; Leipzig, Germany
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Chen YJ, Lin CW, Peng YJ, Huang CW, Chien YS, Huang TH, Liao PX, Yang WY, Wang MH, Mersmann HJ, Wu SC, Chuang TY, Lin YY, Kuo WH, Ding ST. Overexpression of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Inhibits Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue Activity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020906. [PMID: 33477525 PMCID: PMC7831094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult humans and mice possess significant classical brown adipose tissues (BAT) and, upon cold-induction, acquire brown-like adipocytes in certain depots of white adipose tissues (WAT), known as beige adipose tissues or WAT browning/beiging. Activating thermogenic classical BAT or WAT beiging to generate heat limits diet-induced obesity or type-2 diabetes in mice. Adiponectin is a beneficial adipokine resisting diabetes, and causing “healthy obese” by increasing WAT expansion to limit lipotoxicity in other metabolic tissues during high-fat feeding. However, the role of its receptors, especially adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), on cold-induced thermogenesis in vivo in BAT and in WAT beiging is still elusive. Here, we established a cold-induction procedure in transgenic mice over-expressing AdipoR1 and applied a live 3-D [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning to measure BAT activity by determining glucose uptake in cold-acclimated transgenic mice. Results showed that cold-acclimated mice over-expressing AdipoR1 had diminished cold-induced glucose uptake, enlarged adipocyte size in BAT and in browned WAT, and reduced surface BAT/body temperature in vivo. Furthermore, decreased gene expression, related to thermogenic Ucp1, BAT-specific markers, BAT-enriched mitochondrial markers, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of whitening genes in BAT or in browned subcutaneous inguinal WAT of AdipoR1 mice are congruent with results of PET/CT scanning and surface body temperature in vivo. Moreover, differentiated brown-like beige adipocytes isolated from pre-adipocytes in subcutaneous WAT of transgenic AdipoR1 mice also had similar effects of lowered expression of thermogenic Ucp1, BAT selective markers, and BAT mitochondrial markers. Therefore, this study combines in vitro and in vivo results with live 3-D scanning and reveals one of the many facets of the adiponectin receptors in regulating energy homeostasis, especially in the involvement of cold-induced thermogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic/metabolism
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
| | - Chiao-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Yu-Ju Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Yi-Shan Chien
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Pei-Xin Liao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan;
| | - Harry J. Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Tai-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Athletics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
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Loeliger RC, Maushart CI, Gashi G, Senn JR, Felder M, Becker AS, Müller J, Balaz M, Wolfrum C, Burger IA, Betz MJ. Relation of diet-induced thermogenesis to brown adipose tissue activity in healthy men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E93-E101. [PMID: 33225717 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00237.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic tissue activated by the sympathetic nervous system in response to cold exposure. It contributes to energy expenditure (EE) and takes up glucose and lipids from the circulation. Studies in rodents suggest that BAT contributes to the transient rise in EE after food intake, so-called diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT). We investigated the relationship between human BAT activity and DIT in response to glucose intake in 17 healthy volunteers. We assessed DIT, cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT), and maximum BAT activity at three separate study visits within 2 wk. DIT was measured by indirect calorimetry during an oral glucose tolerance test. CIT was assessed as the difference in EE after cold exposure of 2-h duration as compared with warm conditions. Maximal activity of BAT was assessed by 18-F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) 18F-FDG-PET/MRI after cold exposure and concomitant pharmacological stimulation with mirabegron. Seventeen healthy men (mean age = 23.4 yr, mean body mass index = 23.2 kg/m2) participated in the study. EE increased from 1,908 (±181) kcal/24 h to 2,128 (±277) kcal/24 h (P < 0.0001, +11.5%) after mild cold exposure. An oral glucose load increased EE from 1,911 (±165) kcal/24 h to 2,096 (±167) kcal/24 h at 60 min (P < 0.0001, +9.7%). The increase in EE in response to cold was significantly associated with BAT activity (R2 = 0.43, P = 0.004). However, DIT was not associated with BAT activity (R2 = 0.015, P = 0.64). DIT after an oral glucose load was not associated with stimulated 18F-FDG uptake into BAT, suggesting that DIT is independent from BAT activity in humans (Clinicaltrials.gov Registration No. NCT03189511).NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) was related to BAT activity as determined by FDG-PET/MRI after stimulation of BAT. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was not related to stimulated BAT activity. Supraclavicular skin temperature was related to CIT but not to DIT. DIT in humans is probably not a function of BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Catherina Loeliger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Irene Maushart
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gani Gashi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jaël Rut Senn
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Felder
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anton S Becker
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Müller
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Irene A Burger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Johannes Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zhang Q, Miao Q, Yang Y, Lu J, Zhang H, Feng Y, Wu W, Zhu X, Xiang B, Sun Q, Guan Y, Li Y, Zuo C, Ye H. Neuropeptide Y Plays an Important Role in the Relationship Between Brain Glucose Metabolism and Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Healthy Adults: A PET/CT Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:694162. [PMID: 34305816 PMCID: PMC8299202 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.694162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown adipose tissue (BAT) becomes the favorite target for preventing and treating metabolic diseases because the activated BAT can produce heat and consume energy. The brain, especially the hypothalamus, which secretes Neuropeptide Y (NPY), is speculated to regulate BAT activity. However, whether NPY is involved in BAT activity's central regulation in humans remains unclear. Thus, it's essential to explore the relationship between brain glucose metabolism and human BAT activity. METHODS A controlled study with a large sample of healthy adults used Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) to noninvasively investigate BAT's activity and brain glucose metabolism in vivo. Eighty healthy adults with activated BAT according to the PET/CT scan volunteered to be the BAT positive group, while 80 healthy adults without activated BAT but with the same gender, similar age, and BMI, scanning on the same day, were recruited as the control (BAT negative). We use Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to analyze the brain image data, Picture Archiving & Communication System (PACS), and PET/CT Viewer software to calculate the semi-quantitative values of brain glucose metabolism and BAT activity. ELISA tested the levels of fasting plasma NPY. The multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between brain glucose metabolism, the level of NPY, and the BAT activity in the BAT positive group. RESULTS (1) Compared with controls, BAT positive group showed significant metabolic decreases mainly in the right Insula (BA13a, BA13b) and the right claustrum (uncorrected P <0.01, adjusted BMI). (2) The three brain regions' semi-quantitative values in the BAT positive group were significantly lower than the negative group (all P values < 0.05). (3) After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and outside temperature, there was a negative correlation between brain metabolic values and BAT activity (all P values < 0.05). However, after further adjusting for NPY level, there were no significant differences between the BA13b metabolic values and BAT activity (P>0.05), while the correlation between the BA13a metabolic values and BAT activity still was significant (P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Regional brain glucose metabolism is closely related to healthy adults' BAT activity, which may be mediated by NPY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyue Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
| | - Qing Miao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Lu
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwei Zhang
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boni Xiang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanya Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Center, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
| | - Hongying Ye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hongying Ye, ; Chuantao Zuo, ; Yiming Li, ; Qiongyue Zhang,
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Hu Q, Cao H, Zhou L, Liu J, Di W, Lv S, Ding G, Tang L. Measurement of BAT activity by targeted molecular magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 77:1-6. [PMID: 33309921 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to measure brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity by targeted peptide (CKGGRAKDC-NH2)-coupled, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS The peptide was conjugated with PEG-coated USPIO to obtain targeted probes. Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into cold exposing and control group (n = 5 per group). T2*-weighted images were obtained pre- and post-contrast probes. Histological and gene expression analyses were carried out. RESULTS T2* relaxation time of BAT in the cold exposing group decreased more significantly compared to the control group. The calculated R2* increased with the reduction of T2* value. The ΔR2* (26.68 s-1) of BAT in the cold exposing group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. Iron particle sediments in BAT of the cold exposing group were revealed more than the control group with Prussian blue staining. The UCP1 expression level was up-regulated after cold activation. CONCLUSIONS BAT activity could be measured in vivo by the targeted peptide-coupled, PEG-coated USPIOs with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiao Hu
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixiao Cao
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Di
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxian Ding
- Department of Geratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Tang
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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