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Ho WE, Sun L, Goh HJ, Tint MT, Sun L, Leow MKS. Brown adipose tissue influences adiponectin and thyroid hormone changes during Graves' disease therapy. Adipocyte 2022; 11:389-400. [PMID: 35894647 PMCID: PMC9336474 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH), adiponectin and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are regulators of energy homoeostasis. Influence of BAT activity on the relationship between TH and adiponectin remains unexplored. The aim of the study was to identify the relationship between TH and adiponectin and to clarify the impact of active BAT on the metabolic effects of adiponectin before and after the correction of thyrotoxicosis. Twenty-one patients with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism from Graves' disease were recruited. A titration dosing regimen of thionamide anti-thyroid drug (ATD) was used to establish euthyroidism over 12-24 weeks. Anthropometric, biochemical and adipocytokine parameters were measured before and after control of hyperthyroidism. BAT activity was quantified by fusion 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) PET/MR imaging, and patients were grouped based on BAT status. Plasma adiponectin level was significantly increased following correction of hyperthyroidism in the overall sample. Free thyroxine (FT4) was also identified as a predictor of adiponectin level in thyroid dysfunction. However, significant changes in adiponectin level and correlations involving adiponectin were absent in BAT-positive patients but maintained in BAT-negative patients. BAT activity diminishes the correlative relationship with body composition and abolishes TH and adiponectin relationships when transitioning from a hyperthyroid to euthyroid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-En Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A *STAR), Singapore.,Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
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Huang B, Huang W, Allen JC, Sun L, Goh HJ, Kong SC, Lee D, Ding C, Bosco N, Egli L, Actis-Goretta L, Magkos F, Arigoni F, Leow MKS, Tan SY, Yeo KK. Prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis in low Framingham risk score individuals by using the metabolic syndrome criteria and insulin sensitivity index. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979208. [PMID: 36352897 PMCID: PMC9639788 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical atherosclerosis can be present in individuals with an optimal cardiovascular risk factor profile. Traditional risk scores such as the Framingham risk score do not adequately capture risk stratification in low-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to determine if markers of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance can better stratify low-risk individuals. Methods A cross-sectional study of 101 healthy participants with a low Framingham risk score and no prior morbidities was performed to assess prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Participants were compared between groups based on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Insulin-Sensitivity Index (ISI-cal) scores. Results Twenty three individuals (23%) had subclinical atherosclerosis with elevated CT Agatston score ≥1. Presence of both insulin resistance (ISI-cal <9.23) and fulfillment of at least one metabolic syndrome criterion denoted high risk, resulting in significantly improved AUC (0.706 95%CI 0.588–0.822) over the Framingham risk score in predicting elevated CT Agatston score ≥1, with net reclassification index of 50.9 ± 23.7%. High-risk patients by the new classification also exhibited significantly increased carotid intima thickness. Conclusions The overlap of insulin resistance and presence of ≥1 criterion for metabolic syndrome may play an instrumental role in identifying traditionally low-risk individuals predisposed to future risk of atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Huang
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Huang
| | - Weiting Huang
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dewaine Lee
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Arigoni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Yaw Tan
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khung Keong Yeo
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Verma S, Govindharajulu P, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Henry CJ, Goh JPN, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Brown adipose tissues mediate the metabolism of branched chain amino acids during the transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism (TRIBUTE). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3693. [PMID: 35256693 PMCID: PMC8901628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBoth hyperthyroidism and elevated plasma branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with insulin resistance. BCAA utilization and clearance relative to thyroid status changes remains unclear. We investigate amino acids changes, specifically BCAA, during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism, and the impact of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) on the metabolic effects of BCAA. Newly diagnosed Graves’ disease participants were recruited. Hyperthyroidism was treated via a titration dosing regimen of thionamide anti-thyroid drug to establish euthyroidism over 12–24 weeks. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement within a chamber calorimeter, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging and plasma amino acids measurement during hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. PET BAT maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean and MR supraclavicular fat fraction (FF) quantified BAT activity. Twenty-two patients completed the study. Plasma BCAA level was significantly reduced in BAT-positive but not in BAT-negative patients during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Plasma valine but not leucine and isoleucine correlated positively with insulin and HOMA-IR in hyperthyroidism. Plasma valine, leucine and isoleucine correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR in euthyroidism. Plasma valine correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR in BAT-negative but not in BAT-positive participants in both hyperthyroid and euthyroid state. However, the change (i.e. decrease) in plasma valine concentration from hyperthyroid to euthyroid state was affected by BAT-status. BAT utilizes and promotes BCAA plasma clearance from hyperthyroid to euthyroid state. Active BAT can potentially reduce circulating BCAA and may help to ameliorate insulin resistance and improve metabolic health.Clinical trial registration: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064542.
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Valsesia A, Egli L, Bosco N, Magkos F, Kong SC, Sun L, Goh HJ, Weiting H, Arigoni F, Leow MKS, Yeo KK, Actis-Goretta L. Clinical- and omics-based models of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy Chinese adults: a cross-sectional exploratory study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1752-1762. [PMID: 34476468 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical risk factors, such as fasting cholesterol, blood pressure (BP), and diabetes status are used today to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, accurate prediction remains limited, particularly in low-risk groups such as women and younger individuals. Growing evidence suggests that biomarker concentrations following consumption of a meal challenge are better and earlier predictors of disease development than biomarker concentrations. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that postprandial responses of circulating biomarkers differ between healthy subjects with and without subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in an Asian population at low risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS One hundred healthy Chinese subjects (46 women, 54 men) completed the study. Subjects consumed a mixed-meal test and 164 blood biomarkers were analyzed over 6 h by using a combination of chemical and NMR techniques. Models were trained using different methodologies (including logistic regression, elastic net, random forest, sparse partial least square) on a random 75% subset of the data, and their performance was evaluated on the remaining 25%. RESULTS We found that models based on baseline clinical parameters or fasting biomarkers could not reliably predict SA. By contrast, an omics model based on magnitude and timing of postprandial biomarkers achieved high performance [receiving operating characteristic (ROC) AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 77, 100). Investigation of key features of this model enabled derivation of a considerably simpler model, solely based on postprandial BP and age, with excellent performance (AUC: 91%; 95% CI: 78, 100). CONCLUSION We report a novel model to detect SA based on postprandial BP and age in a population of Asian subjects at low risk of CAD. The use of this model in large-scale CVD prevention programs should be explored. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03531879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Valsesia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore
| | | | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | | | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Verma S, Govindharajulu P, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Jadegoud Y, Henry CJ, Velan SS, Yeo PS, Lee Y, Lim BSP, Liew H, Chew CK, Quek TPL, Abdul Shakoor SAKK, Hoi WH, Chan SP, Chew DE, Dalan R, Leow MKS. Metabolic effects of brown fat in transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:553-563. [PMID: 34342595 PMCID: PMC8428075 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls metabolic rate through thermogenesis. As its regulatory factors during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism are not well established, our study investigated the relationships between supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activity and physiological/metabolic changes with changes in thyroid status. DESIGN Participants with newly diagnosed Graves' disease were recruited. A thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD) such as carbimazole (CMZ) or thiamazole (TMZ) was prescribed in every case. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a chamber calorimeter, as well as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging scanning, with clinical and biochemical parameters measured during hyperthyroidism and repeated in early euthyroidism. PET sBAT mean/maximum standardized uptake value (SUV mean/max), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF) and mean temperature (Tscv) quantified sBAT activity. RESULTS Twenty-one (16 female/5 male) participants aged 39.5 ± 2.5 years completed the study. The average duration to attain euthyroidism was 28.6 ± 2.3 weeks. Eight participants were BAT-positive while 13 were BAT-negative. sFF increased with euthyroidism (72.3 ± 1.4% to 76.8 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), but no changes were observed in PET SUV mean and Tscv. Significant changes in serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were related to BAT status (interaction P value = 0.04). FT3 concentration at hyperthyroid state was positively associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (r = 0.58, P = 0.01) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hyperthyroidism does not consistently lead to a detectable increase in BAT activity. FT3 reduction during the transition to euthyroidism correlated with BAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yaligar Jadegoud
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Pei Shan Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Yingshan Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Brenda Su Ping Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Chee Kian Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Timothy Peng Lim Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Shaikh A K K Abdul Shakoor
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Wai Han Hoi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Correspondence should be addressed to M K Leow Email
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Wang NX, Verma SK, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Diffusely increased 18F-FDG thyroid radionuclide uptake is not always hyperthyroidism. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:e27. [PMID: 37063015 PMCID: PMC9691811 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Nan Xin Wang
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sanjay K Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore .,Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Ding C, Egli L, Bosco N, Sun L, Goh HJ, Yeo KK, Yap JJL, Actis-Goretta L, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids Are Associated With Greater Fasting and Postprandial Insulin Secretion in Non-diabetic Chinese Adults. Front Nutr 2021; 8:664939. [PMID: 33996878 PMCID: PMC8113402 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.664939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are consistently elevated in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and correlate with insulin resistance. The association of BCAA with insulin secretion and clearance rates has not been adequately described. Objective: To evaluate the relationships between fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA, insulin secretion and insulin clearance. Design: Ninety-five non-diabetic Chinese subjects (43 females) underwent a mixed-meal tolerance test; blood biomarkers including BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, valine) were measured for 6 h. Fasting and postprandial insulin secretion rates (ISR) and insulin clearance were determined by oral minimal modeling of glucose and C-peptide. Results: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA correlated strongly with each other (ρ = 0.796, P < 0.001), and both were positively associated with basal ISR (ρ = 0.45/0.36, P < 0.001), total postprandial ISR AUC (ρ = 0.37/0.45, P < 0.001), and negatively with insulin clearance (ρ = -0.29/-0.29, P < 0.01), after adjusting for sex and body mass index. These relationships largely persisted after adjusting further for insulin resistance and postprandial glucose. Compared with subjects in the middle and lowest tertiles for fasting or postprandial plasma BCAA, subjects in the highest tertile had significantly greater postprandial glucose (by 7-10%) and insulin (by 74-98%) concentrations, basal ISRs (by 34-53%), postprandial ISR AUCs (by 41-49%), and lower insulin clearance rates (by 17-22%) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Fasting and postprandial plasma BCAA levels are associated with greater fasting and postprandial insulin secretion and reduced insulin clearance in healthy Chinese subjects. These observations potentially highlight an additional layer of involvement of BCAA in the regulation of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Jiunn Liang Yap
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise & Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Sun L, Henry CJ, Leow MKS. A Feedforward Loop within the Thyroid-Brown Fat Axis Facilitates Thermoregulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9661. [PMID: 32541662 PMCID: PMC7296032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) control brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and differentiation, but their subsequent homeostatic response following BAT activation remains obscure. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cold- and capsinoids-induced BAT activation and TH changes between baseline and 2 hours post-intervention. Nineteen healthy subjects underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and whole-body calorimetry (WBC) after 2 hours of cold exposure (~14.5 °C) or capsinoids ingestion (12 mg) in a crossover design. Standardized uptake values (SUV-mean) of the region of interest and energy expenditure (EE) were measured. Plasma free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured before and 2 hours after each intervention. Subjects were divided into groups based on the presence (n = 12) or absence (n = 7) of BAT after cold exposure. 12 of 19 subjects were classified as BAT-positive. Subjects with BAT had higher baseline FT3 concentration, baseline FT3/FT4 ratio compared with subjects without BAT. Controlling for body fat percentage, FT3 concentration at baseline was associated with EE change from baseline after cold exposure (P = 0.037) and capsinoids (P = 0.047). Plasma FT4 level significantly increased associated with reciprocal decline in TSH after acute cold exposure and capsinoids independently of subject and treatment status. Circulating FT3 was higher in BAT-positive subjects and was a stronger predictor of EE changes after cold exposure and capsinoids in healthy humans. BAT activation elevates plasma FT4 acutely and may contribute towards augmentation of thermogenesis via a positive feedback response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore, Singapore.
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9
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Sun L, Yan J, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Verma S, Michael N, Sadananthan SA, Henry CJ, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Leptin, and Adiponectin Responses to Acute Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5698244. [PMID: 31912874 PMCID: PMC7015460 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte-derived hormones play a role in insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. However, the relationship between circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adipocytokines and cold-induced supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activation is underexplored. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between cold-induced sBAT activity and plasma FGF21 and adipocytokines levels in healthy adults. DESIGN Nineteen healthy participants underwent energy expenditure (EE) and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a whole-body calorimeter at baseline and at 2 hours post-cold exposure. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging scans were performed post-cold exposure. PET sBAT mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF), anterior supraclavicular maximum temperature (Tscv max) and EE change (%) after cold exposure were used to quantify sBAT activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma FGF21, leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) at baseline and 2 hours post-cold exposure. Body composition at baseline by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Plasma FGF21 and adiponectin levels were significantly reduced after cold exposure in BAT-positive subjects but not in BAT-negative subjects. Leptin concentration was significantly reduced in both BAT-positive and BAT-negative participants after cold exposure. Adiponectin concentration at baseline was positively strongly associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (coefficient, 3269; P = 0.01) and IRT Tscv max (coefficient, 6801; P = 0.03), and inversely correlated with MR sFF (coefficient, -404; P = 0.02) after cold exposure in BAT-positive subjects but not in BAT-negative subjects. CONCLUSION Higher adiponectin concentrations at baseline indicate a greater cold-induced sBAT activity, which may be a novel predictor for sBAT activity in healthy BAT-positive adults. HIGHLIGHTS A higher adiponectin concentration at baseline was associated with higher cold-induced supraclavicular BAT PET SUV mean and IRT Tscv max, and lower MR supraclavicular FF. Adiponectin levels maybe a novel predictor for cold-induced sBAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine Collaborative Innovation Centre, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE (USA), FRCP (Edin), FRCPath, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore 117599.
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Tay SH, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Cheng J, Camps SG, Haldar S, Velan SS, Sun L, Li Y, Henry CJ, Leow MKS. Brown fat activity determined by infrared thermography and thermogenesis measurement using whole body calorimetry (BRIGHT Study). Physiol Res 2020; 69:85-97. [PMID: 31852199 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess BAT activity in humans at a population level, infrared thermography (IRT) represents a safe, readily repeatable and affordable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET. Building upon a previously proposed method by our laboratory, we further refined the image computational algorithm to quantify BAT activation in the cervical-supraclavicular (C-SCV) region of healthy young men under thermo-neutral and cold exposure conditions. Additionally, we validated the whole-body calorimeter (WBC) in reliably measuring cold-induced thermogenesis. The temperature gradient between C-SCV-deltoid regions, and the corresponding difference in heat power output, increased upon cold air exposure relative to thermo-neutral conditions (by 74.88 %, p<0.0001; and by 71.34 %, p<0.0001 respectively). Resting and cumulative energy expenditure (EE) rose significantly (by 13.14 % and 9.12 % respectively, p=0.0001) while positive correlations between IRT measures and EE were found with cold air exposure (percentage change in heat power gradient between ROI and deltoid, cold air: r(2)=0.29, p=0.026, Pearson's correlation). IRT and WBC can be used to study BAT activation. The refined algorithm allows for more automation and objectivity in IRT data analysis, especially under cold air exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Tay
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Khee-Shing Leow M, Henry CJ. Differential Effects of Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fats on Satiety and Gut Hormone Responses in Healthy Subjects. Foods 2019; 8:foods8120634. [PMID: 31816909 PMCID: PMC6963728 DOI: 10.3390/foods8120634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference between fat saturation on postprandial hormone responses and acute appetite control is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare the postprandial ghrelin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) response and subjective appetite responses after isoenergetic high-fat meals rich in either monounsaturated (MUFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in healthy Chinese males. A randomized, controlled, single-blinded crossover study was conducted in 13 healthy Chinese men. Two high-fat meals (64% of energy) rich in MUFAs or PUFAs were tested. Total ghrelin, GIP and active GLP1 and visual analog scale (VAS) were measured over 4 h. Ghrelin was reduced greater after MUFA compared to PUFA at the beginning of the meal (at 30 and 60 min) and was significantly negatively correlated with subjective VAS for preoccupation for both MUFA and PUFA meals. No significant difference for ghrelin 240 min incremental area under the curve (iAUCs) were found. MUFA induced higher GIP response than PUFA. GIP was associated with all the VAS measurements except preoccupation for MUFA meal. No difference was found for GLP1 between two meals, nor was GLP1 associated with VAS. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that ghrelin, GIP and VAS respond differently to MUFA and PUFA meals. Ghrelin and GIP, but not GLP1, were associated with acute appetite control, especially after MUFA meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (L.S.); (H.J.G.); (P.G.); (M.K.-S.L.)
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (L.S.); (H.J.G.); (P.G.); (M.K.-S.L.)
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (L.S.); (H.J.G.); (P.G.); (M.K.-S.L.)
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (L.S.); (H.J.G.); (P.G.); (M.K.-S.L.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore; (L.S.); (H.J.G.); (P.G.); (M.K.-S.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 17599, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6407-0793
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Sun L, Verma S, Michael N, Chan SP, Yan J, Sadananthan SA, Camps SG, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Totman J, Townsend D, Goh JPN, Sun L, Boehm BO, Lim SC, Sze SK, Henry CJ, Hu HH, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole-Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL-II). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1434-1442. [PMID: 31301122 PMCID: PMC6899540 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the associations of positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance (MR), and infrared thermography (IRT) imaging modalities with energy expenditure (EE) after brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation using capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. METHODS Twenty participants underwent PET-MR, IRT imaging, and whole-body calorimetry after capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. Standardized uptake values (SUV) and the fat fraction (FF) of the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue regions were estimated. The anterior supraclavicular temperature (Tscv) from IRT at baseline and postintervention was measured. Two-hour post-capsinoid ingestion EE and post-cold exposure EE served as a reference to correlate fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, FF, and Tscv for BAT assessment. IRT images were geometrically transformed to overlay on PET-MR for visualization of the hottest regions. RESULTS The supraclavicular hot spot identified on IRT closely corresponded to the area of maximal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET images. Controlling for body weight, post-cold exposure Tscv was a significant variable associated with EE (P = 0.025). The SUV was significantly inversely correlated with FF (P = 0.012) and significantly correlated with peak of Tscv during cold exposure in BAT-positive participants (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Tscv correlated positively with EE and was also significantly correlated with SUV after cold exposure. Both IRT and MR FF are promising methods to study BAT activity noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- College of Science, Health, and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - John Totman
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Townsend
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Siew Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Houchun Harry Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Sun L, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Leow MKS, Henry CJ. Postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin responses differ by test meal macronutrient ingestion sequence (PATTERN study). Clin Nutr 2019; 39:950-957. [PMID: 31053510 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the sequential order of consuming different food components significantly impacts postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, but the causative mechanisms in healthy humans remain ill-defined. OBJECTIVE Using a typical Asian meal comprising vegetables, protein (chicken breast), and carbohydrate (white rice), the aim of this study was to examine the effect of food intake sequence on postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin secretions in healthy adults. DESIGN Sixteen healthy Chinese adults participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover meal trial. Subjects consumed in random order 5 experimental isocaloric meals that differed in the food intake sequence of vegetables, protein and carbohydrate. Glucose, insulin, incretins and satiety markers were measured over 3 h. RESULTS There were significant food intake sequence × time interaction effects on plasma glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (P < 0.001). In comparison with rice consumed first followed by vegetable and meat (R-VM), the overall postprandial glucose response was significantly attenuated after the food intake sequence of vegetable first, followed by meat and rice (V-MR) or meat first, followed by vegetable and rice (M-VR) or vegetable first followed by meat and rice (V-M-R) or vegetable, meat and rice consumed together (VMR). The insulin iAUC (0-60) was significant lower after V-M-R than M-VR, VMR and R-VM. V-M-R food intake sequence stimulated higher GLP-1 release than other meal sequences. However, GIP response was lower after V-MR and V-M-R than M-VR and R-MR food intake sequences. CONCLUSIONS Food macronutrient intake sequence can considerably influence its glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses. V-M-R food intake sequence attenuates the glycemic response to a greater degree with accentuated GLP-1 stimulation without any increased demand for insulin. The sequence of food intake has great potential as a novel and simple behavioral strategy to modulate glycemic response in healthy adults. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03533738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore; Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, 117609, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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14
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Sun L, Camps SG, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Schaefferkoetter JD, Townsend DW, Verma SK, Velan SS, Sun L, Sze SK, Lim SC, Boehm BO, Henry CJ, Leow MKS. Capsinoids activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) with increased energy expenditure associated with subthreshold 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in BAT-positive humans confirmed by positron emission tomography scan. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:62-70. [PMID: 29381803 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Capsinoids are reported to increase energy expenditure (EE) via brown adipose tissue (BAT) stimulation. However, imaging of BAT activation by capsinoids remains limited. Because BAT activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and related metabolic disorders, we sought to prove that capsinoid-induced BAT activation can be visualized by 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Objective We compared capsinoids and cold exposure on BAT activation and whole-body EE. Design Twenty healthy participants (8 men, 12 women) with a mean age of 26 y (range: 21-35 y) and a body mass index (kg/m2) of 21.7 (range: 18.5-26.0) underwent 18F-FDG PET and whole-body calorimetry after ingestion of 12 mg capsinoids or ≤2 h of cold exposure (∼14.5°C) in a crossover design. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the region of interest and BAT volumes were calculated. Blood metabolites were measured before and 2 h after each treatment. Results All of the participants showed negligible 18F-FDG uptake post-capsinoid ingestion. Upon cold exposure, 12 participants showed avid 18F-FDG uptake into supraclavicular and lateral neck adipose tissues (BAT-positive group), whereas the remaining 8 participants (BAT-negative group) showed undetectable uptake. Capsinoids and cold exposure increased EE, although cold induced a 2-fold increase in whole-body EE and higher fat oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and HDL cholesterol compared with capsinoids. Conclusions Capsinoids only increased EE in BAT-positive participants, which suggests that BAT mediates EE evoked by capsinoids. This implies that capsinoids stimulate BAT to a lesser degree than cold exposure as evidenced by 18F-FDG uptake below the presently accepted SUV thresholds defining BAT activation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02964442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - David W Townsend
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, A*STAR, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Sanjay K Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore.,Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore.,Departments of Physiology, and Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Lau E, Goh HJ, Quek R, Lim SW, Henry J. Rapid estimation of the energy content of composite foods: the application of the Calorie Answer™. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2016; 25:18-25. [PMID: 26965757 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2016.25.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of calories in foods is central in the maintenance of body weight and energy regulation. Conventional laboratory analysis using bomb calorimetry to determine calorie content is expensive and time-consuming. There is a need to explore alternative techniques for calorie estimation that requires less processing and resources. The potential of using near infrared spectroscopy for calorie measurements with Calorie Answer™ was evaluated in this study. The caloric content of 105 different foods was measured, and compared against values reported on nutrition labels. The average percentage relative standard deviation for triplicate measurements was 1.7% for all foods. The percentage difference between stated and measured calories was modest, at 4.0% for all foods. Stated and measured calorie contents were significantly and highly correlated (R2=0.98, p<0.001). The use of near infrared spectroscopy, using Calorie Answer™, is a rapid, reproducible and cost-effective way of measuring calorie content in a diverse range of foods. Its application in many parts of Asia Pacific and other emerging nations will generate much needed information on the calorie content of complex foods consumed by people living in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Lau
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Rina Quek
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Siang Wee Lim
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Soong YY, Goh HJ, Henry CJK. The influence of saturated fatty acids on complex index andin vitrodigestibility of rice starch. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:641-7. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.763912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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