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Komakech JJ, Emerson SR, Cole KL, Walters CN, Rakotomanana H, Kabahenda MK, Hildebrand DA, Stoecker BJ. Care groups in an integrated nutrition education intervention improved infant growth among South Sudanese refugees in Uganda's West Nile post-emergency settlements: A cluster randomized trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300334. [PMID: 38489346 PMCID: PMC10942045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of a peer-led integrated nutrition education intervention with maternal social support using Care Groups on infant growth among South Sudanese refugees in Uganda. METHODS A community-based cluster-randomized trial (RCT) was conducted among 390 pregnant women (third trimester). Two intervention study arms were Mothers-only(n = 131) and Parents-combined (n = 142) with a Control (n = 117). WHO infant growth standards defined length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) for stunting, weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ) for underweight and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ) for wasting. The Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) social support index was a proxy measure for social support. A split-plot ANOVA tested the interaction effects of social support, intervention, and time on infant growth after adjusting for covariates. Further, pairwise comparisons explained mean differences in infant growth among the study arms. RESULTS The mean infant birth weight was 3.1 ± 0.5 kg. Over the study period, infant stunting was most prevalent in the Control (≥ 14%) compared to Mothers-only (< 9.5%) and Parents-combined (< 7.4%) arms. There were significant interaction effects of the Care Group intervention and social support by time on infant mean LAZ (F (6, 560) = 28.91, p < 0.001), WAZ (F (5.8, 539.4) = 12.70, p = < 0.001) and WLZ (F (5.3, 492.5) = 3.38, p = 0.004). Simple main effects by the end of the study showed that the intervention improved infant mean LAZ (Mothers-only vs. Control (mean difference, MD) = 2.05, p < 0.001; Parents-combined vs. Control, MD = 2.00, p < 0.001) and WAZ (Mothers-only vs. Control, MD = 1.27, p < 0.001; Parents-combined vs. Control, MD = 1.28, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Maternal social support with an integrated nutrition education intervention significantly improved infant stunting and underweight. Nutrition-sensitive approaches focused on reducing child undernutrition among post-emergency refugees may benefit from using Care Groups in programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05584969.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel J. Komakech
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Sam R. Emerson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Ki L. Cole
- Research, Evaluation, Measurement, and Statistics Department, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Christine N. Walters
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Hasina Rakotomanana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | | | - Deana A. Hildebrand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
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Tran LM, Nguyen PH, Young MF, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. The relationships between optimal infant feeding practices and child development and attained height at age 2 years and 6-7 years. Matern Child Nutr 2024:e13631. [PMID: 38450914 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Limited evidence exists on the long-term effects of early feeding practices on child growth and development. We examined the relationships between infant feeding practices and child height and development at ages 2 and 6-7 years. We studied 885 mother-child dyads from a randomized controlled trial of preconception supplementation in Vietnam. Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), breastfeeding (BF) duration and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Child development was assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at 2 years and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children® - IV at 6-7 years. Child height-for-age z-score (HAZ) was calculated from child height and age. Multivariable regression and structural equation models were used in analyses that controlled for confounding. EIBF and EBF at 6 months occurred in 52% and 62% of children, respectively. Mean breastfeeding duration was 18 months and 83% achieved MDD at 1 year. EIBF was associated with motor (β = 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00, 0.28) and cognitive development at 2 years (β = 0.12, 95% CI: -0.01, 0.26), which in turn were positively associated with cognitive development at 6-7 years. EBF was directly associated with development at 6-7 years (β = 0.21, 95% CI:0.08, 0.34) whereas motor and cognitive development at 2 years explained 41%-75% of the relationship between EIBF and development at 6-7 years. HAZ at 2 years also mediated 70% of the association between MDD at 1 year and HAZ at 6-7 years. BF duration was not associated with child development and HAZ. Early infant feeding practices, especially EIBF and EBF, have important long-term implications for optimizing child linear growth and cognition as they begin school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Mai Tran
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Phuong H Nguyen
- Nutrition, Diets, and Health Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Thai Nguyen University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Melissa F Young
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Roger K, Vannasing P, Tremblay J, Bringas Vega ML, Bryce CP, Rabinowitz A, Valdes-Sosa PA, Galler JR, Gallagher A. Early childhood malnutrition impairs adult resting brain function using near-infrared spectroscopy. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 17:1287488. [PMID: 38298205 PMCID: PMC10827877 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1287488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early childhood malnutrition affects 200+ million children under 5 years of age worldwide and is associated with persistent cognitive, behavioral and psychiatric impairments in adulthood. However, very few studies have investigated the long-term effects of childhood protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) on brain function using a functional hemodynamic brain imaging technique. Objective and methods This study aims to investigate functional brain network alterations using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in adults, aged 45-51 years, from the Barbados Nutrition Study (BNS) who suffered from a single episode of malnutrition restricted to their first year of life (n = 26) and controls (n = 29). A total of 55 individuals from the BNS cohort underwent NIRS recording at rest. Results and discussion Using functional connectivity and permutation analysis, we found patterns of increased Pearson's correlation with a specific vulnerability of the frontal cortex in the PEM group (ps < 0.05). Using a graph theoretical approach, mixed ANCOVAs showed increased segregation (ps = 0.0303 and 0.0441) and decreased integration (p = 0.0498) in previously malnourished participants compared to healthy controls. These results can be interpreted as a compensatory mechanism to preserve cognitive functions, that could also be related to premature or pathological brain aging. To our knowledge, this study is the first NIRS neuroimaging study revealing brain function alterations in middle adulthood following early childhood malnutrition limited to the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Roger
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Tremblay
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria L. Bringas Vega
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Arielle Rabinowitz
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Antonio Valdes-Sosa
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Janina R. Galler
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne Gallagher
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wang M, Flexeder C, Harris CP, Thiering E, Koletzko S, Bauer CP, Schulte-Körne G, von Berg A, Berdel D, Heinrich J, Schulz H, Schikowski T, Peters A, Standl M. Accelerometry-assessed sleep clusters and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:200-213. [PMID: 37873587 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify sleep clusters based on objective multidimensional sleep characteristics and test their associations with adolescent cardiometabolic health. METHODS The authors included 1090 participants aged 14.3 to 16.4 years (mean = 15.2 years) who wore 7-day accelerometers during the 15-year follow-up of the German Infant Study on the influence of Nutrition Intervention PLUS environmental and genetic influences on allergy development (GINIplus) and the Influence of Lifestyle factors on the development of the Immune System and Allergies in East and West Germany (LISA) birth cohorts. K-means cluster analysis was performed across 12 sleep characteristics reflecting sleep quantity, quality, schedule, variability, and regularity. Cardiometabolic risk factors included fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance (n = 505). Linear and logistic regression models were examined. RESULTS Five sleep clusters were identified: good sleep (n = 337); delayed sleep phase (n = 244); sleep irregularity and variability (n = 108); fragmented sleep (n = 313); and prolonged sleep latency (n = 88). The "prolonged sleep latency" cluster was associated with increased sex-scaled FMI (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.15-0.62) compared with the "good sleep" cluster. The "sleep irregularity and variability" cluster was associated with increased odds of high triglycerides only in male individuals (odds ratio: 9.50, 95% CI: 3.22-28.07), but this finding was not confirmed in linear models. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged sleep latency cluster was associated with higher FMI in adolescents, whereas the sleep irregularity and variability cluster was specifically linked to elevated triglycerides (≥1.7 mmol/L) in male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla P Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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Huang B, Huang W, Allen JC, Sun L, Goh HJ, Kong SC, Lee D, Ding C, Bosco N, Egli L, Actis-Goretta L, Magkos F, Arigoni F, Leow MKS, Tan SY, Yeo KK. Prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis in low Framingham risk score individuals by using the metabolic syndrome criteria and insulin sensitivity index. Front Nutr 2022; 9:979208. [PMID: 36352897 PMCID: PMC9639788 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.979208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subclinical atherosclerosis can be present in individuals with an optimal cardiovascular risk factor profile. Traditional risk scores such as the Framingham risk score do not adequately capture risk stratification in low-risk individuals. The aim of this study was to determine if markers of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance can better stratify low-risk individuals. Methods A cross-sectional study of 101 healthy participants with a low Framingham risk score and no prior morbidities was performed to assess prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis using computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound. Participants were compared between groups based on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Insulin-Sensitivity Index (ISI-cal) scores. Results Twenty three individuals (23%) had subclinical atherosclerosis with elevated CT Agatston score ≥1. Presence of both insulin resistance (ISI-cal <9.23) and fulfillment of at least one metabolic syndrome criterion denoted high risk, resulting in significantly improved AUC (0.706 95%CI 0.588–0.822) over the Framingham risk score in predicting elevated CT Agatston score ≥1, with net reclassification index of 50.9 ± 23.7%. High-risk patients by the new classification also exhibited significantly increased carotid intima thickness. Conclusions The overlap of insulin resistance and presence of ≥1 criterion for metabolic syndrome may play an instrumental role in identifying traditionally low-risk individuals predisposed to future risk of atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Huang
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Huang
| | - Weiting Huang
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dewaine Lee
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nabil Bosco
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Egli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Fabrizio Arigoni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swee Yaw Tan
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khung Keong Yeo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khung Keong Yeo
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Roger K, Vannasing P, Tremblay J, Bringas Vega ML, Bryce CP, Rabinowitz AG, Valdés-Sosa PA, Galler JR, Gallagher A. Impact of Early Childhood Malnutrition on Adult Brain Function: An Evoked-Related Potentials Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:884251. [PMID: 35845242 PMCID: PMC9283562 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.884251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 200 million children under the age of 5 years are affected by malnutrition worldwide according to the World Health Organization. The Barbados Nutrition Study (BNS) is a 55-year longitudinal study on a Barbadian cohort with histories of moderate to severe protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) limited to the first year of life and a healthy comparison group. Using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG), differences in brain function during childhood (lower alpha1 activity and higher theta, alpha2 and beta activity) have previously been highlighted between participants who suffered from early PEM and controls. In order to determine whether similar differences persisted into adulthood, our current study used recordings obtained during a Go-No-Go task in a subsample of the original BNS cohort [population size (N) = 53] at ages 45–51 years. We found that previously malnourished adults [sample size (n) = 24] had a higher rate of omission errors on the task relative to controls (n = 29). Evoked-Related Potentials (ERP) were significantly different in participants with histories of early PEM, who presented with lower N2 amplitudes. These findings are typically associated with impaired conflict monitoring and/or attention deficits and may therefore be linked to the attentional and executive function deficits that have been previously reported in this cohort in childhood and again in middle adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Roger
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Tremblay
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria L. Bringas Vega
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | - Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Janina R. Galler
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anne Gallagher
- LION Lab, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Anne Gallagher,
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Madarshahian S, Enayati M, Vinyes Parés G, Ufheil G, Abbaspourrad A. Solid phase wax coating of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to decrease its solubility profile as a ready to mix supplement. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17550-17558. [PMID: 35765435 PMCID: PMC9192162 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09279k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) has health benefits attributed to its antioxidant properties and disulfide bond cleavage ability. Unfortunately, solutions of NAC are acidic with an undesirable taste and an unpleasant aftertaste. A method for slowing NAC release in water was developed using a solid phase wax coating. A coating of natural waxes, using food grade corn oil as the solvent and surfactants to facilitate the wax coating on the particles was used to decrease the solubility of NAC powder, crystals, and granules in water. A high NAC loading, between 55 and 91% for NAC granules and NAC crystals, was achieved as measured using LC-MS. The NAC wax-coated particles were fully characterized, and microscopy and SEM images revealed the shape, morphology, and size of the particles. Conductometry was used to study NAC release profile in water from wax-coated particles and the results indicate that solid phase wax coatings slowed the release of NAC into water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Madarshahian
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca 14853 NY USA
| | - Mojtaba Enayati
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca 14853 NY USA
| | - Gerard Vinyes Parés
- Nestlé Product Technology Center Nestlé Health Science Bridgewater NJ 08807 USA
| | | | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University Ithaca 14853 NY USA
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Ndhlovu GON, Dube FS, Moonsamy RT, Mankahla A, Hlela C, Levin ME, Lunjani N, Shittu AO, Abdulgader SM. Skin and nasal colonization of coagulase-negative staphylococci are associated with atopic dermatitis among South African toddlers. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265326. [PMID: 35298533 PMCID: PMC8929619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Skin colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) is generally beneficial, but recent investigations suggest its association with flares and atopic dermatitis (AD) severity. However, this relationship remains unclear.
Objective
To assess patterns of staphylococcal colonization and biofilm formation in toddlers with and without AD from rural and urban South African settings.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of AD-affected and non-atopic AmaXhosa toddlers from rural Umtata and urban Cape Town, South Africa. CoNS isolates were recovered from lesional, nonlesional skin samples and the anterior nares of participants. Identification of the staphylococci was achieved by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The microtiter plate assay assessed in-vitro biofilm formation.
Results
CoNS and S. aureus commonly co-colonized nonlesional skin among cases (urban: 24% vs. 3%, p = 0.037 and rural 21% vs. 6%, p<0.001), and anterior nares in urban cases (24% vs. 0%, p = 0.002) than the control group. S. capitis colonization on nonlesional skin and anterior nares was positively associated with more severe disease in rural (48.3±10.8 vs. 39.7±11.5, P = 0.045) and urban cases (74.9±10.3 vs. 38.4±13, P = 0.004), respectively. Biofilm formation was similar between cases and controls, independent of rural-urban living.
Conclusion
CoNS colonization is associated with AD and disease severity and may be implicated in AD exacerbations. Studies are needed to understand their underlying pathological contribution in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian O. N. Ndhlovu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Felix S. Dube
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rasalika T. Moonsamy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Avumile Mankahla
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Dermatology, Walter Sisulu University, Umtata, South Africa
| | - Carol Hlela
- Department of Paediatric, Division of Paediatric Allergy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael E. Levin
- Department of Paediatric, Division of Paediatric Allergy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- Department of Paediatric, Division of Paediatric Allergy, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adebayo O. Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Shima M. Abdulgader
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Annan RA, Gyimah LA, Apprey C, Edusei AK, Asamoah-Boakye O, Aduku LNE, Azanu W, Lutterodt HE. Factors associated with iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant teenagers in Ashanti Region, Ghana: A hospital-based prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250246. [PMID: 33905433 PMCID: PMC8078754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) is reportedly high in pregnant adults and the causes well studied. However, among pregnant teenagers, the levels and associated factors of IDA are not fully understood. METHODS In a prospective cohort study among Ghanaian pregnant teenagers, aged 13-19 years, IDA prevalence and associated factors were investigated. Sociodemographic data, household hunger scale (HHS), lived poverty index (LPI), FAO's women's dietary diversity score (WDDS) and interventions received during antenatal care (ANC) were obtained from 416 pregnant teenagers in Ashanti Region, Ghana. Micronutrient intakes using a repeated 24-hour dietary recall, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were determined and blood samples analysed for haemoglobin (Hb), serum levels of ferritin, prealbumin, vitamin A, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP). RESULTS Anaemia (Hb cutoff <11.0 g/dL) was 57.1%; deficient systemic supply of iron stores (31.4%), depleted body stores of iron (4.4%), inadequate dietary iron intake (94.5%), and inadequate multiple micronutrient intakes (49.5%), were all notable among study participants. Between-subject effects using Generalized Linear Modelling indicated malaria tablet given at ANC (p = 0.035), MUAC (p = 0.043), ZPP (p<0.001), ZPP/Hb ratio (p<0.001) and depleted body iron stores (DBIS) (p<0.001) to significantly affect Hb levels. Pregnant teenagers with a high ZPP/Hb ratio (OR = 9.7, p<0.001, 95%CI = 6.0-15.8) had increased odds of being anaemic compared to those with normal ZPP/Hb ratio. Participants who were wasted (OR = 1.2, p = 0.543, 95%CI = 0.6-2.3), and those with depleted iron stores (OR = 3.0, p = 0.167, 95%CI = 0.6-14.6) had increased odds of being anaemic. Participants who experienced hunger were close to 3 times more likely (OR = 2.9, p = 0.040, 95%CI = 1.1-7.8) for depleted iron stores, compared to those who did not experience hunger. Also, participants with inadequate multiple micronutrients intakes (OR = 2.6, p = 0.102, 95%CI = 0.8-8.4), and those with low serum levels of ferritin (OR = 3.3, p = 0.291, 95%CI = 0.4-29.2) had increased odds of depleted body iron stores. CONCLUSIONS IDA is common among pregnant teenagers and the related factors include malaria tablets given at ANC, maternal hunger, maternal MUAC, a deficient systemic supply of iron, depleted body iron stores, ZPP, and ZPP/Hb ratio. Appropriate interventions are urgently needed to address the causes of IDA among pregnant teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Adjetey Annan
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Afriyie Gyimah
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Charles Apprey
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Kwaku Edusei
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Odeafo Asamoah-Boakye
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Linda Nana Esi Aduku
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Azanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Allied Health Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Herman E. Lutterodt
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Baert L, Gimonet J, Barretto C, Fournier C, Jagadeesan B. Genetic changes are introduced by repeated exposure of Salmonella spiked in low water activity and high fat matrix to heat. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8144. [PMID: 33854082 PMCID: PMC8046991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
WGS is used to define if isolates are "in" or "out" of an outbreak and/or microbial root cause investigation. No threshold of genetic differences is fixed and the conclusions on similarity between isolates are mainly based on the knowledge generated from previous outbreak investigations and reported mutation rates. Mutation rates in Salmonella when exposed to food processing conditions are lacking. Thus, in this study, the ability of heat and dry stress to cause genetic changes in two Salmonella serotypes frequently isolated from low moisture foods was investigated. S. enterica serovars S. Agona ATCC 51,957 and S. Mbandaka NCTC 7892 (ATCC 51,958) were repeatedly exposed to heat (90 °C for 5 min) in a low water activity and high fat matrix. No increased fitness of the strains was observed after 10 repeated heat treatments. However, genetic changes were introduced and the number of genetic differences increased with every heat treatment cycle. The genetic changes appeared randomly in the genome and were responsible for a population of diverse isolates with 0 to 28 allelic differences (0 to 38 SNPs) between them. This knowledge is key to interpret WGS results for source tracking investigations as part of a root cause analysis in a contamination event as isolates are exposed to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Baert
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Johan Gimonet
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Barretto
- Nestlé Research, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc 26, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Coralie Fournier
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Rahman S, Kortman GAM, Boekhorst J, Lee P, Khan MR, Ahmed F. Effect of low-iron micronutrient powder (MNP) on the composition of gut microbiota of Bangladeshi children in a high-iron groundwater setting: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3423-3436. [PMID: 33634319 PMCID: PMC8354964 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Adverse effects of iron fortification/supplements such as Micronutrient Powder (MNP) on gut microbiota have previously been found in infection-prone African settings. This study examined the adversaries of a low-iron MNP compared with the standard MNP on the composition of gut microbiota in Bangladeshi children exposed to a high concentration of iron from potable groundwater. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2- to 5-year-old children, drinking groundwater with a high concentration of iron (≥ 2 mg/L). Children were randomized to receive one sachet per day of either standard MNP (12.5 mg iron) or low-iron MNP (5 mg iron), for 2 months. A sub-sample of 53 children was considered for paired assessment of the gut microbiome by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results At baseline, the gut microbiota consisted of Bifidobacteriaceae (15.6%), Prevotellaceae (12.2%), Lactobacillaceae (3.6%), Clostridiaceae (4.1%) and Enterobacteriaceae (2.8%). Overall, there was no significant treatment effect of the low-iron MNP compared to the standard MNP. However, an apparent treatment effect was observed in children with a relative adult-like microbiota, with a higher relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae after receiving the standard MNP compared to the low-iron MNP. This effect, however, was statistically non-significant (p = 0.07). Conclusion In Bangladeshi children drinking iron-rich groundwater, a low-iron MNP supplementation did not have a significant impact on their gut microbiota profile/composition compared to the standard MNP. The trial registration number is ISRCTN60058115; Date of registration 03/07/2019; retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-021-02523-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabuktagin Rahman
- Public Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Dr., Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | | | - Jos Boekhorst
- NIZO Food Research B.V., Ede, The Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Lee
- Public Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Dr., Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Moududur R Khan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Faruk Ahmed
- Public Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Dr., Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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Soudy ID, Minet-Quinard R, Mahamat AD, Ngoua HF, Izzedine AA, Tidjani A, Ngo Bum E, Lambert C, Pereira B, Desjeux JF, Sapin V. Vitamin A status in healthy women eating traditionally prepared spirulina (Dihé) in the Chad Lake area. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191887. [PMID: 29377934 PMCID: PMC5788361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chad Lake is a central place in a region with a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. Spirulina, a natural source of β-carotene, is traditionally produced and eaten as “Dihé” around Chad Lake. β-carotene spirulina has been found to have a high conversion factor to retinol. The aim of the study was to assess if the retinol status between healthy women eating spirulina Dihé daily (SPI+) and not (SPI-) in the Chad Lake area was different. Methods This study was observational: 88 healthy women were recruited and selected according to clinical criteria and their willingness to participate. They were divided in two groups according to their Dihé daily consumption: those who eat Dihé (SPI+; n = 35) and those who do not (SPI-; n = 35). After anthropometric and dietary assessments, blood retinol, β-carotene, retinol binding, and inflammatory/nutritional proteins were measured. Results The diet between groups was identical, except for β-carotene consumption, which was higher in SPI+ than in SPI- (10.8 vs. 1.8 mg/day). The serum retinol and β-carotene concentrations were significantly higher in SPI+ than in SPI- at 1.26 ± 0.36 μmol/l versus 1.03 ± 0.31 μmol/l (p = 0.008) and 0.59 ±0.37 μmol/l versus 0.46± 0.31 μmol/l (p = 0.04), respectively. Seventy-seven percent of SPI+ versus 29% of SPI- had an adequate blood retinol value (p = 0.01). Conclusion The results confirm that β-carotene in spirulina is an effective positive modulator of blood retinol status. Dihé is a potential natural source of β-carotene to achieve a proper vitamin A status in healthy women living near Chad Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imar Djibrine Soudy
- Institut National Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques d’Abéché (INSTA-Tchad), Abéché, Tchad
- Institut de Recherche en Élevage pour le Développement (IRED), N’Djamena, Tchad
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alhadj Djidda Mahamat
- Institut National Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques d’Abéché (INSTA-Tchad), Abéché, Tchad
| | | | - Abdelaziz Arada Izzedine
- Institut de Recherche en Élevage pour le Développement (IRED), N’Djamena, Tchad
- Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré, Cameroun
| | | | - Elisabeth Ngo Bum
- Institut de Recherche en Élevage pour le Développement (IRED), N’Djamena, Tchad
| | - Céline Lambert
- Unité Biostatistiques, DRCI, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unité Biostatistiques, DRCI, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Vincent Sapin
- Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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