1
|
Chooi YC, Zhang QA, Magkos F, Ng M, Michael N, Wu X, Volchanskaya VSB, Lai X, Wanjaya ER, Elejalde U, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Wong LH, Lim KJ, Velan SS, Yaligar J, Muthiah MD, Chong YS, Loo EXL, Eriksson JG. Effect of an Asian-adapted Mediterranean diet and pentadecanoic acid on fatty liver disease: the TANGO randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:788-799. [PMID: 38035997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is the most effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that the Mediterranean diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber have beneficial effects on weight homeostasis and metabolic risk factors in individuals with NAFLD. Studies have also shown that higher circulating concentrations of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) are associated with a lower risk for NAFLD. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a Mediterranean-like, culturally contextualized Asian diet rich in fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, with or without C15:0 supplementation, in Chinese females with NAFLD. METHODS In a double-blinded, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial, 88 Chinese females with NAFLD were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for 12 wk: diet with C15:0 supplementation (n = 31), diet without C15:0 supplementation (n = 28), or control (habitual diet and no C15:0 supplementation, n = 29). At baseline and after the intervention, body fat percentage, intrahepatic lipid content, muscle and abdominal fat, liver enzymes, cardiometabolic risk factors, and gut microbiome were assessed. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis, weight reductions of 4.0 ± 0.5 kg (5.3%), 3.4 ± 0.5 kg (4.5%), and 1.5 ± 0.5 kg (2.1%) were achieved in the diet-with-C15:0, diet without-C15:0, and the control groups, respectively. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver decreased by 33%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Both diet groups achieved significantly greater reductions in body weight, liver PDFF, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride concentrations compared with the control group. C15:0 supplementation reduced LDL-cholesterol further, and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (deep and superficial), insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure decreased significantly in all groups, in parallel with weight loss. CONCLUSION Mild weight loss induced by a Mediterranean-like diet adapted for Asians has multiple beneficial health effects in females with NAFLD. C15:0 supplementation lowers LDL-cholesterol and may cause beneficial shifts in the gut microbiome. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05259475.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chung Chooi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Qinze Arthur Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maisie Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | | | - Xianning Lai
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Elvy Riani Wanjaya
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Untzizu Elejalde
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Chew Chan Goh
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Clara Poh Lian Yap
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Long Hui Wong
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Junliang Lim
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Paediatrics and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kway YM, Thirumurugan K, Michael N, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Gluckman P, Chong YS, Venkataraman K, Khoo EYH, Khoo CM, Leow MKS, Tai ES, Chan JK, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Fortier MV, Lee YS, Velan SS, Feng M, Sadananthan SA. A fully convolutional neural network for comprehensive compartmentalization of abdominal adipose tissue compartments in MRI. Comput Biol Med 2023; 167:107608. [PMID: 37897959 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing literature has highlighted structural, physiological, and pathological disparities among abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) sub-depots. Accurate separation and quantification of these sub-depots are crucial for advancing our understanding of obesity and its comorbidities. However, the absence of clear boundaries between the sub-depots in medical imaging data has challenged their separation, particularly for internal adipose tissue (IAT) sub-depots. To date, the quantification of AAT sub-depots remains challenging, marked by a time-consuming, costly, and complex process. PURPOSE To implement and evaluate a convolutional neural network to enable granular assessment of AAT by compartmentalization of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) into superficial subcutaneous (SSAT) and deep subcutaneous (DSAT) adipose tissue, and IAT into intraperitoneal (IPAT), retroperitoneal (RPAT), and paraspinal (PSAT) adipose tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS MRI datasets were retrospectively collected from Singapore Preconception Study for Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes (S-PRESTO: 389 women aged 31.4 ± 3.9 years) and Singapore Adult Metabolism Study (SAMS: 50 men aged 28.7 ± 5.7 years). For all datasets, ground truth segmentation masks were created through manual segmentation. A Res-Net based 3D-UNet was trained and evaluated via 5-fold cross-validation on S-PRESTO data (N = 300). The model's final performance was assessed on a hold-out (N = 89) and an external test set (N = 50, SAMS). RESULTS The proposed method enabled reliable segmentation of individual AAT sub-depots in 3D MRI volumes with high mean Dice similarity scores of 98.3%, 97.2%, 96.5%, 96.3%, and 95.9% for SSAT, DSAT, IPAT, RPAT, and PSAT respectively. CONCLUSION Convolutional neural networks can accurately sub-divide abdominal SAT into SSAT and DSAT, and abdominal IAT into IPAT, RPAT, and PSAT with high accuracy. The presented method has the potential to significantly contribute to advancements in the field of obesity imaging and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshe M Kway
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kashthuri Thirumurugan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Eric Yin Hao Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore; Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Endocrinology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jerry Ky Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Mengling Feng
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ong YY, Pang WW, Michael N, Aris IM, Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Liang Choo JT, Ling LH, Karnani N, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Chong MFF, Wlodek ME, Lee YS. Timing of introduction of complementary foods, breastfeeding, and child cardiometabolic risk: a prospective multiethnic Asian cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:83-92. [PMID: 36789947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of introduction of complementary foods and the duration of breastfeeding (BF) have been independently associated with child overweight and obesity; however, their combined influence on body fat partitioning and cardiometabolic risk is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of the timing of introduction of complementary foods, the duration of BF, and their interaction with child adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS We analyzed data from 839 children in the prospective Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Mothers reported the age at which infants were first fed complementary foods and BF duration, classified as early (≤4 mo) versus typical (>4 mo) complementary feeding (CF) and short (≤4 mo) versus long (>4 mo) duration of any BF, respectively. We measured adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers at the age of 6 y and examined their associations with infant feeding patterns using multiple regression, adjusting for sociodemographics, parents' body mass index (BMI), maternal factors, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain. RESULTS Of 839 children, 18% experienced early CF, whereas 54% experienced short BF. Short (vs. long) BF and early (vs. typical) CF were independently associated with higher z-scores of BMI [β (95% confidence interval), short BF, 0.18 standard deviation score (SDS) (-0.01, 0.38); early CF, 0.34 SDS (0.11, 0.57)] and sum of skinfolds [short BF, 1.83 mm (0.05, 3.61); early CF, 2.73 mm (0.55, 4.91)]. Children who experienced both early CF and short BF (vs. typical CF-long BF) had synergistically higher diastolic blood pressure [1.41 mmHg (-0.15, 2.97), P-interaction = 0.023] and metabolic syndrome score [0.81 (0.16, 1.47), P-interaction = 0.081]. Early CF-long BF (vs. early CF-short BF) was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure [-3.74 mmHg (-7.01, -0.48)], diastolic blood pressure [-2.29 mmHg (-4.47, -0.11)], and metabolic syndrome score [-0.90 (-1.80, 0.00)]. CONCLUSIONS A combination of early CF and short BF was associated with elevated child adiposity and cardiometabolic markers. Longer BF duration may protect against cardiometabolic risk associated with early CF. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary F-F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Michael N, Sadananthan SA, Yuan WL, Ong YY, Loy SL, Huang JY, Tint MT, Padmapriya N, Choo J, Ling LH, Kramer MS, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Tan KH, Eriksson JG, Chong YS, Lee YS, Karnani N, Yap F, Shek LPC, Fortier MV, Moritz KM, Chan SY, Velan SS, Wlodek ME. Associations of maternal and foetoplacental factors with prehypertension/hypertension in early childhood. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2171-2179. [PMID: 36205012 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether characterization of maternal and foetoplacental factors beyond birthweight can enable early identification of children at risk of developing prehypertension/hypertension. METHODS We recruited 693 mother-offspring dyads from the GUSTO prospective mother-offspring cohort. Prehypertension/hypertension at age 6 years was identified using the simplified paediatric threshold of 110/70 mmHg. We evaluated the associations of pregnancy complications (gestational diabetes, excessive/inadequate gestational weight gain, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy), foetal growth deceleration (decline in foetal abdominal circumference at least 0.67 standard deviations between second and third trimesters), high foetoplacental vascular resistance (third trimester umbilical artery systolic-to-diastolic ratio ≥90th centile), preterm birth, small-for-gestational age and neonatal kidney volumes with risk of prehypertension/hypertension at age 6 years, after adjusting for sex, ethnicity, maternal education and prepregnancy BMI. RESULTS Pregnancy complications, small-for-gestational age, preterm birth, and low neonatal kidney volume were not associated with an increased risk of prehypertension/hypertension at age 6 years. In contrast, foetal growth deceleration was associated with a 72% higher risk [risk ratio (RR) = 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.52]. High foetoplacental vascular resistance was associated with a 58% higher risk (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.96-2.62). Having both these characteristics, relative to having neither, was associated with over two-fold higher risk (RR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.26-5.16). Over 85% of the foetuses with either of these characteristics were born appropriate or large for gestational age. CONCLUSION Foetal growth deceleration and high foetoplacental vascular resistance may be helpful in prioritizing high-risk children for regular blood pressure monitoring and preventive interventions, across the birthweight spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | | | - See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School
| | - Jonathan Y Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Natarajan Padmapriya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital, Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- Department of General Practice and Primary Healthcare, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
| | | | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Michael N, Gupta V, Fogel A, Huang J, Chen L, Sadananthan SA, Ong YY, Aris IM, Pang WW, Yuan WL, Loy SL, Thway Tint M, Tan KH, Chan JK, Chan SY, Shek LPC, Yap F, Godfrey K, Chong YS, Gluckman P, Velan SS, Forde CG, Lee YS, Eriksson JG, Karnani N. Longitudinal characterization of determinants associated with obesogenic growth patterns in early childhood. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 52:426-439. [PMID: 36087338 PMCID: PMC10114026 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal assessment of the determinants of obesogenic growth trajectories in childhood can suggest appropriate developmental windows for intervention. METHODS Latent class growth mixture modelling was used to identify body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories from birth to age 6 years in 994 children from a prospective mother-offspring cohort (Chinese, Indian and Malay ethnicities) based in Singapore. We evaluated the early-life determinants of the trajectories as well as their associations with cardiometabolic risk markers at age 6 years. RESULTS Five BMI z-score trajectory patterns were identified, three within the healthy weight range, alongside early-acceleration and late-acceleration obesogenic trajectories. The early-acceleration pattern was characterized by elevated fetal abdominal circumference growth velocity, BMI acceleration immediately after birth and crossing of the obesity threshold by age 2 years. The late-acceleration pattern had normal fetal growth and BMI acceleration after infancy, and approached the obesity threshold by age 6 years. Abdominal fat, liver fat, insulin resistance and odds of pre-hypertension/hypertension were elevated in both groups. Indian ethnicity, high pre-pregnancy BMI, high polygenic risk scores for obesity and shorter breastfeeding duration were common risk factors for both groups. Malay ethnicity and low maternal educational attainment were uniquely associated with early BMI acceleration, whereas nulliparity and obesogenic eating behaviours in early childhood were uniquely associated with late BMI acceleration. CONCLUSION BMI acceleration starting immediately after birth or after infancy were both linked to early cardiometabolic alterations. The determinants of these trajectories may be useful for developing early risk stratification and intervention approaches to counteract metabolic adversities linked to childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Anna Fogel
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Li Chen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Université de Paris, CRESS, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - See Ling Loy
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Academic Medicine, Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jerry Ky Chan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Keith Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering & Bioimaging, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ong YY, Pang WW, Huang JY, Aris IM, Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Yuan WL, Chen LW, Chan YH, Karnani N, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Choo J, Ling LH, Shek L, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Wlodek ME, Lee YS, Michael N. Breastfeeding may benefit cardiometabolic health of children exposed to increased gestational glycemia in utero. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2383-2395. [PMID: 35124728 PMCID: PMC7613060 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is altered breastmilk composition among mothers with gestational diabetes and conflicting evidence on whether breastfeeding is beneficial or detrimental to their offspring's cardiometabolic health. We aimed to investigate associations between breastfeeding and offspring's cardiometabolic health across the range of gestational glycemia. METHODS We included 827 naturally conceived, term singletons from a prospective mother-child cohort. We measured gestational (26-28 weeks) fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2 hPG) after an oral glucose tolerance test as continuous variables. Participants were classified into 2 breastfeeding categories (high/intermediate vs. low) according to their breastfeeding duration and exclusivity. Main outcome measures included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured abdominal fat, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), and liver fat, quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)-measured body fat mass, blood pressure, blood lipids, and insulin resistance at 6 years old (all continuous variables). We evaluated if gestational glycemia (FPG and 2 hPG) modified the association of breastfeeding with offspring outcomes after adjusting for confounders using a multiple linear regression model that included a 'gestational glycemia × breastfeeding' interaction term. RESULTS With increasing gestational FPG, high/intermediate (vs. low) breastfeeding was associated with lower levels of IMCL (p-interaction = 0.047), liver fat (p-interaction = 0.033), and triglycerides (p-interaction = 0.007), after adjusting for confounders. Specifically, at 2 standard deviations above the mean gestational FPG level, high/intermediate (vs. low) breastfeeding was linked to lower adjusted mean IMCL [0.39% of water signal (0.29, 0.50) vs. 0.54% of water signal (0.46, 0.62)], liver fat [0.39% by weight (0.20, 0.58) vs. 0.72% by weight (0.59, 0.85)], and triglycerides [0.62 mmol/L (0.51, 0.72) vs. 0.86 mmol/L (0.75, 0.97)]. 2 hPG did not significantly modify the association between breastfeeding and childhood cardiometabolic risk. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest breastfeeding may confer protection against adverse fat partitioning and higher triglyceride concentration among children exposed to increased glycemia in utero.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Y Huang
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wei Chen
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Choo
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary F-F Chong
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Navin Michael
- Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Singapore.
- , 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tan KML, Tint MT, Kothandaraman N, Michael N, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Yap F, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Chong MFF, Lee YS, Godfrey KM, Eriksson JG, Cameron-Smith D. The Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Cord Blood Positively Correlate With Early Childhood Adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2464-e2473. [PMID: 35150259 PMCID: PMC9113811 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The kynurenine pathway generates metabolites integral to energy metabolism, neurotransmission, and immune function. Circulating kynurenine metabolites positively correlate with adiposity in children and adults, yet it is not known whether this relationship is present already at birth. OBJECTIVE In this prospective longitudinal study, we investigate the relationship between cord blood kynurenine metabolites and measures of adiposity from birth to 4.5 years. METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify cord blood kynurenine metabolites in 812 neonates from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study. Fat percentage was measured by air displacement plethysmography and abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes; superficial (sSAT) and deep subcutaneous (dSAT) and internal adipose tissue were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging at early infancy in a smaller subset of neonates, and again at 4 to 4.5 years of age. RESULTS Cord blood kynurenine metabolites appeared to be higher in female newborns, higher in Indian newborns compared with Chinese newborns, and higher in infants born by cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery. Kynurenine, xanthurenic acid, and quinolinic acid were positively associated with birthweight, but not with subsequent weight during infancy and childhood. Quinolinic acid was positively associated with sSAT at birth. Kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid were positively associated with fat percentage at 4 years. CONCLUSION Several cord blood kynurenine metabolite concentrations were positively associated with birthweight, with higher kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid correlating to higher percentage body fat in childhood, suggesting these cord blood metabolites as biomarkers of early childhood adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mei-Ling Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, 119074, Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Narasimhan Kothandaraman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 138669, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 229899, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 229899, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, 169857, Singapore
- Perinatal Audit and Epidemiology, Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 119228, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat – National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, 119074, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine (YLLSOM), National University of Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 117609, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117596, Singapore
- Correspondence: Professor David Cameron Smith, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Medical Drive 117609, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun L, Goh HJ, Verma S, Govindharajulu P, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Henry CJ, Goh JPN, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Brown adipose tissues mediate the metabolism of branched chain amino acids during the transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism (TRIBUTE). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3693. [PMID: 35256693 PMCID: PMC8901628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07701-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBoth hyperthyroidism and elevated plasma branched chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with insulin resistance. BCAA utilization and clearance relative to thyroid status changes remains unclear. We investigate amino acids changes, specifically BCAA, during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism, and the impact of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) on the metabolic effects of BCAA. Newly diagnosed Graves’ disease participants were recruited. Hyperthyroidism was treated via a titration dosing regimen of thionamide anti-thyroid drug to establish euthyroidism over 12–24 weeks. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement within a chamber calorimeter, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging and plasma amino acids measurement during hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. PET BAT maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean and MR supraclavicular fat fraction (FF) quantified BAT activity. Twenty-two patients completed the study. Plasma BCAA level was significantly reduced in BAT-positive but not in BAT-negative patients during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Plasma valine but not leucine and isoleucine correlated positively with insulin and HOMA-IR in hyperthyroidism. Plasma valine, leucine and isoleucine correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR in euthyroidism. Plasma valine correlated with insulin and HOMA-IR in BAT-negative but not in BAT-positive participants in both hyperthyroid and euthyroid state. However, the change (i.e. decrease) in plasma valine concentration from hyperthyroid to euthyroid state was affected by BAT-status. BAT utilizes and promotes BCAA plasma clearance from hyperthyroid to euthyroid state. Active BAT can potentially reduce circulating BCAA and may help to ameliorate insulin resistance and improve metabolic health.Clinical trial registration: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064542.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kway YM, Thirumurugan K, Tint MT, Michael N, Shek LPC, Yap FKP, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Chong YS, Fortier MV, Marx UC, Eriksson JG, Lee YS, Velan SS, Feng M, Sadananthan SA. Automated Segmentation of Visceral, Deep Subcutaneous, and Superficial Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Volumes in MRI of Neonates and Young Children. Radiol Artif Intell 2021; 3:e200304. [PMID: 34617030 DOI: 10.1148/ryai.2021200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop and evaluate an automated segmentation method for accurate quantification of abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) depots (superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue [SSAT], deep subcutaneous adipose tissue [DSAT], and visceral adipose tissue [VAT]) in neonates and young children. Materials and Methods This was a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data, which used abdominal MRI data from Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes, or GUSTO, a longitudinal mother-offspring cohort, to train and evaluate a convolutional neural network for volumetric AAT segmentation. The data comprised imaging volumes of 333 neonates obtained at early infancy (age ≤2 weeks, 180 male neonates) and 755 children aged either 4.5 years (n = 316, 150 male children) or 6 years (n = 439, 219 male children). The network was trained on images of 761 randomly selected volumes (neonates and children combined) and evaluated on 100 neonatal volumes and 227 child volumes by using 10-fold validation. Automated segmentations were compared with expert-generated manual segmentation. Segmentation performance was assessed using Dice scores. Results When the model was tested on the test datasets across the 10 folds, the model had strong agreement with the ground truth for all testing sets, with mean Dice similarity scores for SSAT, DSAT, and VAT, respectively, of 0.960, 0.909, and 0.872 in neonates and 0.944, 0.851, and 0.960 in children. The model generalized well to different body sizes and ages and to all abdominal levels. Conclusion The proposed segmentation approach provided accurate automated volumetric assessment of AAT compartments on MR images of neonates and children.Keywords Pediatrics, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, Water-Fat MRI, Image Segmentation, Deep and Superficial Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue, Visceral Adipose TissueClinical trial registration no. NCT01174875 Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeshe Manuel Kway
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Kashthuri Thirumurugan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Fabian Kok Peng Yap
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Marielle Valerie Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Ute C Marx
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Mengling Feng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (Y.M.K., K.T., M.T.T., N.M., L.P.C.S., Y.S.C., M.V.F., J.G.E., Y.S.L., S.S.V., S.A.S.) and Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (S.S.V.), Agency for Science Technology and Research, 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609; Departments of Medicine (Y.M.K., J.G.E.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), and Pediatrics (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore (L.P.C.S., Y.S.L.); Departments of Pediatric Endocrinology (F.K.P.Y.), Obstetrics and Gynaecology (K.H.T.), and Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging (M.V.F.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; Pediatrics Academic Clinical Programme (F.K.P.Y.), Academic Medicine (K.H.T.), Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore (F.K.P.Y., K.H.T.); Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (F.K.P.Y.); Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, England (K.M.G.); School of Engineering, Pforzheim University, Pforzheim, Germany (U.C.M.); Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland (J.G.E.); and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.); Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tint MT, Michael N, Sadananthan SA, Huang JY, Khoo CM, Godfrey KM, Shek LPC, Lek N, Tan KH, Yap F, Velan SS, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Karnani N, Chan SY, Leow MKS, Lee KJ, Lee YS, Hu HH, Zhang C, Fortier MV, Eriksson JG. Brown Adipose Tissue, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profile in Preschool Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:2901-2914. [PMID: 34143868 PMCID: PMC8475202 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT An inverse relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) and obesity has previously been reported in older children and adults but is unknown in young children. OBJECTIVE We investigated the influence of BAT in thermoneutral condition on adiposity and metabolic profile in Asian preschool children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 198 children aged 4.5 years from a prospective birth cohort study, Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) were successfully studied with water-fat magnetic resonance imaging of the supraclavicular and axillary fat depot (FDSA). Regions within FDSA with fat-signal-fraction between 20% and 80% were considered BAT, and percentage BAT (%BAT; 100*BAT volume/ FDSA volume) was calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes, ectopic fat in the soleus muscle and liver, fatty liver index, metabolic syndrome scores, and markers of insulin sensitivity. RESULTS A 1% unit increase in %BAT was associated with lower body mass index, difference (95% CI), -0.08 (-0.10, -0.06) kg/m2 and smaller abdominal adipose tissue compartment volumes. Ethnicity and sex modified these associations. In addition, each unit increase in %BAT was associated with lower ectopic fat at 4.5 years in the liver, -0.008% (-0.013%, -0.003%); soleus muscle, -0.003% (-0.006%, -0.001%) of water content and lower fatty liver index at 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Higher %BAT is associated with a more favorable metabolic profile. BAT may thus play a role in the pathophysiology of obesity and related metabolic disorders. The observed ethnic and sex differences imply that the protective effect of BAT may vary among different groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yinhao Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ngee Lek
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Metabolic Disorders Research Programme, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kuan Jin Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yung-Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat–National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Houchun Harry Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: Johan G. Eriksson, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, MD1, Tahir Foundation Building, Level 12, #12-02/03, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore. ;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Padmapriya N, Tint MT, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Chen B, Cai S, Toh JY, Lanca C, Tan KH, Saw SM, Shek LPC, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Lee YS, Yap F, Fortier MV, Chong MFF, Godfrey KM, Eriksson JG, Velan SS, Kramer MS, Bernard JY, Müller-Riemenschneider F. The longitudinal association between early-life screen viewing and abdominal adiposity-findings from a multiethnic birth cohort study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1995-2005. [PMID: 34108642 PMCID: PMC7611569 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Screen viewing in adults has been associated with greater abdominal adiposity, with the magnitude of associations varying by sex and ethnicity, but the evidence is lacking at younger ages. We aimed to investigate sex- and ethnic-specific associations of screen-viewing time at ages 2 and 3 years with abdominal adiposity measured by magnetic resonance imaging at age 4.5 years. METHODS The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes is an ongoing prospective mother-offspring cohort study. Parents/caregivers reported the time their child spent viewing television, handheld devices, and computer screens at ages 2 and 3 years. Superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue volumes were quantified from magnetic resonance images acquired at age 4.5 years. Associations between screen-viewing time and abdominal adipose tissue volumes were examined by multivariable linear regression adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS In the overall sample (n = 307), greater total screen-viewing time and handheld device times were associated with higher superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes, but not with visceral adipose tissue volumes. Interactions with child sex were found, with significant associations with superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes in boys, but not in girls. Among boys, the increases in mean (95% CI) superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were 24.3 (9.9, 38.7), 17.6 (7.4, 27.8), and 7.8 (2.1, 13.6) mL per hour increase in daily total screen-viewing time, respectively. Ethnicity-specific analyses showed associations of total screen-viewing time with abdominal adiposity only in Malay children. Television viewing time was not associated with abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSION Greater total screen-viewing time (and in particular, handheld device viewing time) was associated with higher abdominal adiposity in boys and Malay children. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these associations and to examine screen-viewing interventions for preventing excessive abdominal adiposity and its adverse cardiometabolic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Padmapriya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bozhi Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Lanca
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mary Foong-Fong Chong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun L, Goh HJ, Verma S, Govindharajulu P, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Jadegoud Y, Henry CJ, Velan SS, Yeo PS, Lee Y, Lim BSP, Liew H, Chew CK, Quek TPL, Abdul Shakoor SAKK, Hoi WH, Chan SP, Chew DE, Dalan R, Leow MKS. Metabolic effects of brown fat in transitioning from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:553-563. [PMID: 34342595 PMCID: PMC8428075 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) controls metabolic rate through thermogenesis. As its regulatory factors during the transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism are not well established, our study investigated the relationships between supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activity and physiological/metabolic changes with changes in thyroid status. DESIGN Participants with newly diagnosed Graves' disease were recruited. A thionamide antithyroid drug (ATD) such as carbimazole (CMZ) or thiamazole (TMZ) was prescribed in every case. All underwent energy expenditure (EE) measurement and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a chamber calorimeter, as well as 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging scanning, with clinical and biochemical parameters measured during hyperthyroidism and repeated in early euthyroidism. PET sBAT mean/maximum standardized uptake value (SUV mean/max), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF) and mean temperature (Tscv) quantified sBAT activity. RESULTS Twenty-one (16 female/5 male) participants aged 39.5 ± 2.5 years completed the study. The average duration to attain euthyroidism was 28.6 ± 2.3 weeks. Eight participants were BAT-positive while 13 were BAT-negative. sFF increased with euthyroidism (72.3 ± 1.4% to 76.8 ± 1.4%; P < 0.01), but no changes were observed in PET SUV mean and Tscv. Significant changes in serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were related to BAT status (interaction P value = 0.04). FT3 concentration at hyperthyroid state was positively associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (r = 0.58, P = 0.01) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Hyperthyroidism does not consistently lead to a detectable increase in BAT activity. FT3 reduction during the transition to euthyroidism correlated with BAT activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yaligar Jadegoud
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Pei Shan Yeo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Yingshan Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Brenda Su Ping Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Huiling Liew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Chee Kian Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Timothy Peng Lim Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Shaikh A K K Abdul Shakoor
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Wai Han Hoi
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Ek Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Correspondence should be addressed to M K Leow Email
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun L, Goh HJ, Wang NX, Verma SK, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Diffusely increased 18F-FDG thyroid radionuclide uptake is not always hyperthyroidism. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:e27. [PMID: 37063015 PMCID: PMC9691811 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - Nan Xin Wang
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Sanjay K Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Human Development, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore .,Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ong YY, Huang JY, Michael N, Sadananthan SA, Yuan WL, Chen LW, Karnani N, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Chan SY, Lee YS, Tint MT, Eriksson JG. Cardiometabolic Profile of Different Body Composition Phenotypes in Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2015-e2024. [PMID: 33524127 PMCID: PMC7610678 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic profiles of different body composition phenotypes are poorly characterized in young children, where it is well established that high adiposity is unfavorable, but the role of lean mass is unclear. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that higher lean mass attenuates cardiometabolic risk in children with high fat mass. METHODS In 6-year-old children (n = 377) from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective birth cohort, whole-body composition was measured by quantitative magnetic resonance, a novel validated technology. Based on fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI), 4 body composition phenotypes were derived: low FMI-low LMI (LF-LL), low FMI-high LMI (LF-HL), high FMI-low LMI (HF-LL), high FMI-high LMI (HF-HL). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI) z-score, fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome risk score, fatty liver index, and blood pressure. RESULTS Compared with the LF-HL group, children in both high FMI groups had increased BMI z-score (HF-HL: 1.43 units 95% CI [1.11,1.76]; HF-LL: 0.61 units [0.25,0.96]) and metabolic syndrome risk score (HF-HL: 1.64 [0.77,2.50]; HF-LL: 1.28 [0.34,2.21]). The HF-HL group also had increased fatty liver index (1.15 [0.54,1.77]). Girls in HF-HL group had lower fasting plasma glucose (-0.29 mmol/L [-0.55,-0.04]) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.22 mmHg [-6.03,-0.41]) than girls in the HF-LL group. No similar associations were observed in boys. CONCLUSION In a multi-ethnic Asian cohort, lean mass seemed to protect against some cardiometabolic risk markers linked with adiposity, but only in girls. The FMI seemed more important than lean mass index in relation to cardiometabolic profiles of young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Y. Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Lun Yuan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wei Chen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S. Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle V. Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary F-F. Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ooi DSQ, Ling JQR, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Ong FY, Khoo CM, Tai ES, Henry CJ, Leow MKS, Khoo EYH, Tan CS, Lee YS, Chong MFF. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation Does Not Preserve Lean Mass or Affect Metabolic Profile in Adults with Overweight or Obesity in a Randomized Controlled Weight Loss Intervention. J Nutr 2021; 151:911-920. [PMID: 33537760 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation has been shown to increase muscle mass or prevent muscle loss during weight loss. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the effects of a BCAA-supplemented hypocaloric diet on lean mass preservation and insulin sensitivity. METHODS A total of 132 Chinese adults (63 men and 69 women aged 21-45 y, BMI 25-36 kg/m2) were block randomly assigned by gender and BMI into 3 hypocaloric diet (deficit of 500 kcal/d) groups: standard-protein (14%) with placebo (control, CT) or BCAA supplements at 0.1 g · kg-1 body weight · d-1 (BCAA) or high-protein (27%) with placebo (HP). The subjects underwent 16 wk of dietary intervention with provision of meals and supplements, followed by 8 wk of weight maintenance with provision of supplements only. One-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to analyze the primary (lean mass and insulin sensitivity) and secondary outcomes (anthropometric and metabolic parameters) among the 3 groups. Paired t-test was used to analyze the change in each group. RESULTS The 3 groups demonstrated similar significant reductions in body weight (7.97%), fat mass (13.8%), and waist circumference (7.27%) after 16 wk of energy deficit. Lean mass loss in BCAA (4.39%) tended to be lower than in CT (5.39%) and higher compared with HP (3.67%) (P = 0.06). Calf muscle volume increased 3.4% in BCAA and intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs) decreased in BCAA (17%) and HP (18%) (P < 0.05) over 16 wk. During the 8 wk weight maintenance period, lean mass gain in BCAA (1.03%) tended to be lower compared with CT (1.58%) and higher than in HP (-0.002%) (P = 0.04). Lean mass gain differed significantly between CT and HP (P = 0.03). Insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles did not differ among the groups throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS BCAA supplementation does not preserve lean mass or affect insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese adults during weight loss. A higher protein diet may be more advantageous for lean mass preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delicia S Q Ooi
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Jennifer Q R Ling
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Fang Yi Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Melvin K S Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Division of Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eric Y H Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Mary F F Chong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morrison JL, Ayonrinde OT, Care AS, Clarke GD, Darby JRT, David AL, Dean JM, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ, Macgowan CK, Melbourne A, McGillick EV, McKenzie CA, Michael N, Mohammed N, Sadananthan SA, Schrauben E, Regnault TRH, Velan SS. Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:153-167. [PMID: 32955011 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Erin V McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuruddin Mohammed
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Schrauben
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is probably the worst the world has ever faced since the start of the new millennium. Although the respiratory system is the most prominent target of SARS-CoV-2 (the contagion of COVID-19), extrapulmonary involvement are emerging as important contributors of its morbidity and lethality. This article summarizes the impact of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 on the endocrine system to facilitate our understanding of the nature of coronavirus-associated endocrinopathy. Although new data are rapidly accumulating on this novel infection, many of the endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 remain incompletely elucidated. We, hereby, summarize various endocrine dysfunctions including coronavirus-induced new onset diabetes mellitus, hypocortisolism, thyroid hormone, and reproductive system aberrations so that clinicians armed with such insights can potentially benefit patients with COVID-19 at the bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narasimhan Kothandaraman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Anantharaj Rengaraj
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Bo Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tint MT, Sadananthan SA, Soh SE, Aris IM, Michael N, Tan KH, Shek LPC, Yap F, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Velan SS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Fortier MV, Zhang C, Lee YS. Maternal glycemia during pregnancy and offspring abdominal adiposity measured by MRI in the neonatal period and preschool years: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective mother-offspring birth cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:39-47. [PMID: 32219421 PMCID: PMC7351532 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes is associated with unfavorable body fat distribution in offspring. However, less is known about the effects across the range of maternal gestational glycemia on offspring abdominal adiposity (AA) in infancy and early childhood. OBJECTIVES This study determined the association between gestational glycemia and offspring AA measured by MRI in the neonatal period and during the preschool years. METHODS Participants were mother-offspring pairs from the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes) prospective cohort study. Children who underwent MRI within 2 wk postdelivery (n = 305) and/or at preschool age, 4.5 y (n = 273), and whose mothers had a 2-h 75-g oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) at 26-28 weeks of gestation were included. AA measured by adipose tissue compartment volumes-abdominal superficial (sSAT), deep subcutaneous (dSAT), and internal (IAT) adipose tissue-was quantified from MRI images. RESULTS Adjusting for potential confounders including maternal prepregnancy BMI, each 1-mmol/L increase in maternal fasting glucose was associated with higher SD scores for sSAT (0.66; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.86), dSAT (0.65; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.87), and IAT (0.64; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.86) in neonates. Similarly, each 1-mmol/L increase in 2-h OGTT glucose was associated with higher neonatal sSAT (0.11; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.19) and dSAT (0.09; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.17). These associations were stronger in female neonates but only persisted in girls between fasting glucose, and sSAT and dSAT at 4.5 y. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between maternal glycemia and neonatal AA was observed across the whole range of maternal mid-gestation glucose concentrations. These findings may lend further support to efforts toward optimizing maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy. The study also provides suggestive evidence on sex differences in the impact of maternal glycemia, which merits further confirmation in other studies.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mya-Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh A Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Shu-E Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Kok H Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Academic Medicine, Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Lynette P C Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Duke–National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Univeristyof Southhampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, NHS Foundation Trust, Southhampton, United Kingdom
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Yung S Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat—National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun L, Yan J, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Verma S, Michael N, Sadananthan SA, Henry CJ, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Fibroblast Growth Factor-21, Leptin, and Adiponectin Responses to Acute Cold-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Activation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5698244. [PMID: 31912874 PMCID: PMC7015460 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte-derived hormones play a role in insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. However, the relationship between circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adipocytokines and cold-induced supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activation is underexplored. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between cold-induced sBAT activity and plasma FGF21 and adipocytokines levels in healthy adults. DESIGN Nineteen healthy participants underwent energy expenditure (EE) and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a whole-body calorimeter at baseline and at 2 hours post-cold exposure. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) imaging scans were performed post-cold exposure. PET sBAT mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), MR supraclavicular fat fraction (sFF), anterior supraclavicular maximum temperature (Tscv max) and EE change (%) after cold exposure were used to quantify sBAT activity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma FGF21, leptin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) at baseline and 2 hours post-cold exposure. Body composition at baseline by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Plasma FGF21 and adiponectin levels were significantly reduced after cold exposure in BAT-positive subjects but not in BAT-negative subjects. Leptin concentration was significantly reduced in both BAT-positive and BAT-negative participants after cold exposure. Adiponectin concentration at baseline was positively strongly associated with sBAT PET SUV mean (coefficient, 3269; P = 0.01) and IRT Tscv max (coefficient, 6801; P = 0.03), and inversely correlated with MR sFF (coefficient, -404; P = 0.02) after cold exposure in BAT-positive subjects but not in BAT-negative subjects. CONCLUSION Higher adiponectin concentrations at baseline indicate a greater cold-induced sBAT activity, which may be a novel predictor for sBAT activity in healthy BAT-positive adults. HIGHLIGHTS A higher adiponectin concentration at baseline was associated with higher cold-induced supraclavicular BAT PET SUV mean and IRT Tscv max, and lower MR supraclavicular FF. Adiponectin levels maybe a novel predictor for cold-induced sBAT activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine Collaborative Innovation Centre, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH), Singapore
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Melvin Khee-Shing Leow, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE (USA), FRCP (Edin), FRCPath, Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore 117599.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tay SH, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Cheng J, Camps SG, Haldar S, Velan SS, Sun L, Li Y, Henry CJ, Leow MKS. Brown fat activity determined by infrared thermography and thermogenesis measurement using whole body calorimetry (BRIGHT Study). Physiol Res 2020; 69:85-97. [PMID: 31852199 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess BAT activity in humans at a population level, infrared thermography (IRT) represents a safe, readily repeatable and affordable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET. Building upon a previously proposed method by our laboratory, we further refined the image computational algorithm to quantify BAT activation in the cervical-supraclavicular (C-SCV) region of healthy young men under thermo-neutral and cold exposure conditions. Additionally, we validated the whole-body calorimeter (WBC) in reliably measuring cold-induced thermogenesis. The temperature gradient between C-SCV-deltoid regions, and the corresponding difference in heat power output, increased upon cold air exposure relative to thermo-neutral conditions (by 74.88 %, p<0.0001; and by 71.34 %, p<0.0001 respectively). Resting and cumulative energy expenditure (EE) rose significantly (by 13.14 % and 9.12 % respectively, p=0.0001) while positive correlations between IRT measures and EE were found with cold air exposure (percentage change in heat power gradient between ROI and deltoid, cold air: r(2)=0.29, p=0.026, Pearson's correlation). IRT and WBC can be used to study BAT activation. The refined algorithm allows for more automation and objectivity in IRT data analysis, especially under cold air exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Tay
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yaligar J, Verma SK, Gopalan V, Anantharaj R, Thu Le GT, Kaur K, Mallilankaraman K, Leow MKS, Velan SS. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of brown and beige adipose tissues. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:384-395. [PMID: 31799761 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The vascular blood flow in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for handling triglyceride clearance, increased blood flow and oxygenation. We used dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and fat fraction (FF) imaging for investigating vascular perfusion kinetics in brown and beige adipose tissues with cold exposure or treatment with β3-adrenergic agonist. METHODS FF imaging and DCE-MRI using gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were performed in interscapular BAT (iBAT) and beige tissues using male Wister rats (n = 38). Imaging was performed at thermoneutral condition and with either cold exposure, treatment with pharmacological agent CL-316,243, or saline. DCE-MRI and FF data were co-registered to enhance the understanding of metabolic activity. RESULTS Uptake of contrast agent in activated iBAT and beige tissues were significantly (P < .05) higher than nonactivated iBAT. The Ktrans and kep increased significantly in iBAT and beige tissues after treatment with either cold exposure or β3-adrenergic agonist. The FF decreased in activated iBAT and beige tissues. The Ktrans and FF from iBAT and beige tissues were inversely correlated (r = 0.97; r = 0.94). Significant increase in vascular endothelial growth factor expression and Ktrans in activated iBAT and beige tissues were in agreement with the increased vasculature and vascular perfusion kinetics. The iBAT and beige tissues were validated by measuring molecular markers. CONCLUSION Increased Ktrans and decreased FF in iBAT and beige tissues were in agreement with the vascular perfusion kinetics facilitating the clearance of free fatty acids. The methodology can be extended for the screening of browning agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadegoud Yaligar
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rengaraj Anantharaj
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Giang Thi Thu Le
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kavita Kaur
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Program, Duke-NUS.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hu HH, Branca RT, Hernando D, Karampinos DC, Machann J, McKenzie CA, Wu HH, Yokoo T, Velan SS. Magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and metabolic disorders: Summary from the 2019 ISMRM Workshop. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1565-1576. [PMID: 31782551 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 attendees from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened in Singapore for the 2019 ISMRM-sponsored workshop on MRI of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The scientific program brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers, trainees, and clinicians and included sessions in diabetes and insulin resistance; an update on recent advances in water-fat MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods; with applications in skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and adipose tissue quantification; a summary of recent findings in brown adipose tissue; new developments in imaging fat in the fetus, placenta, and neonates; the utility of liver elastography in obesity studies; and the emerging role of radiomics in population-based "big data" studies. The workshop featured keynote presentations on nutrition, epidemiology, genetics, and exercise physiology. Forty-four proffered scientific abstracts were also presented, covering the topics of brown adipose tissue, quantitative liver analysis from multiparametric data, disease prevalence and population health, technical and methodological developments in data acquisition and reconstruction, newfound applications of machine learning and neural networks, standardization of proton density fat fraction measurements, and X-nuclei applications. The purpose of this article is to summarize the scientific highlights from the workshop and identify future directions of work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rosa Tamara Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun L, Verma S, Michael N, Chan SP, Yan J, Sadananthan SA, Camps SG, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Totman J, Townsend D, Goh JPN, Sun L, Boehm BO, Lim SC, Sze SK, Henry CJ, Hu HH, Velan SS, Leow MKS. Brown Adipose Tissue: Multimodality Evaluation by PET, MRI, Infrared Thermography, and Whole-Body Calorimetry (TACTICAL-II). Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1434-1442. [PMID: 31301122 PMCID: PMC6899540 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the associations of positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance (MR), and infrared thermography (IRT) imaging modalities with energy expenditure (EE) after brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation using capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. METHODS Twenty participants underwent PET-MR, IRT imaging, and whole-body calorimetry after capsinoid ingestion and cold exposure. Standardized uptake values (SUV) and the fat fraction (FF) of the supraclavicular brown adipose tissue regions were estimated. The anterior supraclavicular temperature (Tscv) from IRT at baseline and postintervention was measured. Two-hour post-capsinoid ingestion EE and post-cold exposure EE served as a reference to correlate fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, FF, and Tscv for BAT assessment. IRT images were geometrically transformed to overlay on PET-MR for visualization of the hottest regions. RESULTS The supraclavicular hot spot identified on IRT closely corresponded to the area of maximal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET images. Controlling for body weight, post-cold exposure Tscv was a significant variable associated with EE (P = 0.025). The SUV was significantly inversely correlated with FF (P = 0.012) and significantly correlated with peak of Tscv during cold exposure in BAT-positive participants (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS Tscv correlated positively with EE and was also significantly correlated with SUV after cold exposure. Both IRT and MR FF are promising methods to study BAT activity noninvasively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
- College of Science, Health, and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Molecular Imaging Precision Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - John Totman
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Townsend
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Siew Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Houchun Harry Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Michael N, Gupta V, Sadananthan SA, Sampathkumar A, Chen L, Pan H, Tint MT, Lee KJ, Loy SL, Aris IM, Shek LPC, Yap FKP, Godfrey KM, Leow MKS, Lee YS, Kramer MS, Henry CJ, Fortier MV, Seng Chong Y, Gluckman PD, Karnani N, Velan SS. Determinants of intramyocellular lipid accumulation in early childhood. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:1141-1151. [PMID: 31462692 PMCID: PMC7188663 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Accumulation of lipid droplets inside skeletal muscle fibers (intramyocellular lipids or IMCL) with increasing obesity has been linked to skeletal muscle insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes in both adults and prepubertal children. We aimed to evaluate the associations of race, genotype, prenatal factors, and postnatal factors with IMCL in early childhood. Subjects/Methods This study was a secondary analysis performed on the GUSTO birth cohort. Soleus muscle IMCL of 392 children at 4.5 years of age was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, of which usable imaging data were obtained from 277 children (137 Chinese, 87 Malays, and 53 Indians). Metabolic assessments (fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR) were performed at age 6. Results The mean IMCL level at 4.5 years was 0.481 ± 0.279% of water resonance (mean ± sd). Corroborating with results from adults, Indian children had the highest IMCL levels compared with Malay and Chinese children. Among the prenatal factors, the rate of gestational weight gain (GWG rate) was associated with offspring IMCL (B = 0.396 (0.069, 0.724); p = 0.018). Both race and GWG rate continued to be associated with offspring IMCL even after accounting for current offspring BMI. Postnatally, IMCL was associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (B = 0.065 (0.001, 0.128); p = 0.045) and conditional relative weight gain between ages 2 and 3 (B = 0.052 (0.012, 0.093); p = 0.012). The associations with postnatal factors were attenuated after adjusting for current offspring BMI. IMCL was positively associated with offspring BMI (B = 0.028 (0.012, 0.044); p = 0.001). IMCL levels were not associated with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR at age 6. Conclusion This study provides evidence that IMCL accumulation occurs in early childhood and that developmental factors and race are associated with it. We also show that early childhood IMCL accumulation is well tolerated, suggesting that the adverse associations between IMCL and insulin resistance may emerge at older ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aparna Sampathkumar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Chen
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuan Jin Lee
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kok Peng Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Melvin K-S Leow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle Valerie Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Michael N, Aris IM, Loy SL, Lee KJ, Shek LPC, Yap FKP, Tan KH, Godfrey KM, Leow MKS, Lee YS, Kramer MS, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Karnani N, Henry CJ, Fortier MV, Velan SS. Association Between Early Life Weight Gain and Abdominal Fat Partitioning at 4.5 Years is Sex, Ethnicity, and Age Dependent. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:470-478. [PMID: 30707510 PMCID: PMC6392178 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the independent associations between age-specific annual weight gain from birth to age 4 years and fat deposition in metabolically distinct compartments at age 4.5 years in a South Asian longitudinal birth cohort. METHODS Volumetric abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with comprehensive segmentation of deep and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissues (VAT) was performed in 316 children (150 boys and 166 girls in three ethnic groups; 158 Chinese, 94 Malay, and 64 Indian) aged 4.5 years. Associations between fat volumes and annual relative weight gain conditional on past growth were assessed overall and stratified by sex and ethnicity. RESULTS Conditional relative weight gain had stronger associations with greater SAT and VAT at age 4.5 years in girls than boys and in Indians compared with Malay and Chinese. Overall, the magnitude of association was the largest during 2 to 3 years for SAT and 1 to 2 years for VAT. Despite similar body weight, Indian children and girls had the highest deep and superficial SAT volumes at age 4.5 years (all interactions P < 0.05). No significant sex or ethnic differences were observed in VAT. With increasing BMI, Indian children had the highest tendency to accumulate VAT, and girls accumulated more fat than boys in all depots (all interactions P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Indian ethnicity and female sex predisposed children to accumulate more fat in the VAT depot with increasing conditional relative weight gain in the second year of life. Thus, 1 to 2 years of age may be a critical window for interventions to reduce visceral fat accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Kuan Jin Lee
- Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fabian Kok Peng Yap
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit & NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael S. Kramer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Pediatrics and of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle Valerie Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - S. Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
- Corresponding author: S. Sendhil Velan, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences and Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Singapore 138667. Phone: +65 64788757,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tan ALM, Langley SR, Tan CF, Chai JF, Khoo CM, Leow MKS, Khoo EYH, Moreno-Moral A, Pravenec M, Rotival M, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Venkataraman K, Chong YS, Lee YS, Sim X, Stunkel W, Liu MH, Tai ES, Petretto E. Ethnicity-Specific Skeletal Muscle Transcriptional Signatures and Their Relevance to Insulin Resistance in Singapore. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:465-486. [PMID: 30137523 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Insulin resistance (IR) and obesity differ among ethnic groups in Singapore, with the Malays more obese yet less IR than Asian-Indians. However, the molecular basis underlying these differences is not clear. OBJECTIVE As the skeletal muscle (SM) is metabolically relevant to IR, we investigated molecular pathways in SM that are associated with ethnic differences in IR, obesity, and related traits. DESIGN, SETTING, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We integrated transcriptomic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses in 156 healthy subjects representing three major ethnicities in the Singapore Adult Metabolism Study. PATIENTS This study contains Chinese (n = 63), Malay (n = 51), and Asian-Indian (n = 42) men, aged 21 to 40 years, without systemic diseases. RESULTS We found remarkable diversity in the SM transcriptome among the three ethnicities, with >8000 differentially expressed genes (40% of all genes expressed in SM). Comparison with blood transcriptome from a separate Singaporean cohort showed that >95% of SM expression differences among ethnicities were unique to SM. We identified a network of 46 genes that were specifically downregulated in Malays, suggesting dysregulation of components of cellular respiration in SM of Malay individuals. We also report 28 differentially expressed gene clusters, four of which were also enriched for genes that were found in genome-wide association studies of metabolic traits and disease and correlated with variation in IR, obesity, and related traits. CONCLUSION We identified extensive gene-expression changes in SM among the three Singaporean ethnicities and report specific genes and molecular pathways that might underpin and explain the differences in IR among these ethnic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Li Min Tan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sarah R Langley
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chee Fan Tan
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Eric Yin Hao Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute Of Physiology, Czech Academy Of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maxime Rotival
- Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Paediatrics Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Walter Stunkel
- Experimental Biotherapeutics Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Food Science & Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chan Z, Chooi YC, Ding C, Choo J, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Velan SS, Leow MK, Magkos F. Sex Differences in Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Asians Who Are Nonobese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:127-136. [PMID: 30252100 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The prevalence of diabetes is increasing throughout Asia, even in the absence of obesity, and is lower in women than in men. The underlying mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sex differences in glucose and fatty acid metabolism in Asians who are nonobese. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore. PARTICIPANTS Healthy Asian men (n = 32; body mass index, 21.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2; age, 42 ± 14 years) and women (n = 28; body mass index, 21.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2; age, 41 ± 13 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Insulin sensitivity (insulin-mediated glucose uptake normalized for steady-state insulin; hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), postprandial glucose, insulin and fatty acid concentrations, insulin secretion (mixed meal tolerance test with mathematical modeling), insulin clearance, body composition and fat distribution (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, MRI, and spectroscopy), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake; graded exercise test), and handgrip strength (dynamometry). RESULTS Women had more total body fat but less visceral fat than men; liver and muscle lipid contents were not different. Maximal oxygen uptake and handgrip strength were lower in women than men. The postprandial glucose concentrations were ~8% lower, the insulin-mediated glucose uptake was ~16% greater, and the meal-induced suppression of fatty acid concentrations was significantly greater in women than in men (P < 0.05 for all). However, muscle insulin sensitivity was not different between the sexes. No differences were found in postprandial insulin secretion and clearance rates; however, the steady-state insulin clearance was ~17% lower in women. CONCLUSIONS Asian women who are nonobese are more insulin-sensitive than men at the level of adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle. Therefore, sex differences in glucose tolerance are likely the result of sexual dimorphism in hepatic insulin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Chan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yu Chung Chooi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - John Choo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Section for Obesity Research, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ding C, Chan Z, Chooi YC, Choo J, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Velan SS, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Visceral adipose tissue tracks more closely with metabolic dysfunction than intrahepatic triglyceride in lean Asians without diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:909-915. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00250.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in subjects with obesity. The relative contribution of these ectopic fat depots to cardiometabolic risk differs between populations, depends on the degree of obesity and the level of cardiorespiratory fitness, and is difficult to dissect because VAT and IHTG typically covary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an isolated increase in VAT or IHTG on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in apparently healthy normal-weight Asian subjects. Total body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry), VAT and IHTG (magnetic resonance), insulin sensitivity (4-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), beta cell responsivity and insulin secretion rate (3-h mixed meal with mathematical modeling), and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [V̇o2max]) were evaluated in groups of lean subjects with low or high VAT (687 ± 94 vs. 1,279 ± 197 ml, matched for IHTG; n = 13 each) and low or high IHTG (1.7 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 2.0%, matched for VAT; n = 15 each). All groups were matched for age, sex, total body fat, and V̇o2max. High-VAT subjects had ~25% lower insulin sensitivity, ~20%–40% greater beta cell responsivity and insulin secretion rate, ~35% greater fasting triglyceride concentration, and ~40% lower adiponectin concentration than low-VAT subjects (all P < 0.05). No differences were observed between low-IHTG and high-IHTG subjects. Accumulation of excess fat in the intra-abdominal area is more strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction than accumulation of liver fat in lean Asians without diabetes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is not known whether metabolic abnormalities in Asians without obesity track more closely with visceral or liver fat. We found an isolated increase in visceral fat was associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, greater insulin secretion, greater triglyceride, and lower adiponectin concentrations; no differences were observed with an isolated increase in liver fat. These results suggest that visceral fat is a better correlate of metabolic dysfunction than liver fat in Asians without obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherlyn Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System
| | - Zhiling Chan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System
| | - Yu Chung Chooi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System
| | - John Choo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S. Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Melvin K. S. Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke- National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bruinstroop E, Dalan R, Cao Y, Bee YM, Chandran K, Cho LW, Soh SB, Teo EK, Toh SA, Leow MKS, Sinha RA, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Stapleton HM, Leung C, Angus PW, Patel SK, Burrell LM, Lim SC, Sum CF, Velan SS, Yen PM. Low-Dose Levothyroxine Reduces Intrahepatic Lipid Content in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and NAFLD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2698-2706. [PMID: 29718334 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thyroid hormone (TH) increases β-oxidation of fatty acids and decreases intrahepatic lipid content (IHLC) in rodents with NAFLD. OBJECTIVE We investigated the possibility of low intrahepatic TH concentration in NAFLD and studied the effect of TH treatment in humans. DESIGN/SETTING This was a phase 2b single-arm study in six hospitals in Singapore. Intrahepatic thyroid hormone concentrations were measured in rats with induced NAFLD. PATIENTS Euthyroid patients with T2DM and steatosis measured by ultrasonography. INTERVENTION Levothyroxine was titrated to reach a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 0.34 to 1.70 mIU/L before a 16-week maintenance phase. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was change in IHLC measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy after treatment. RESULTS Twenty male patients were included in the per-protocol analysis [mean ± SD: age, 47.8 ± 7.8 years; body mass index (BMI), 30.9 ± 4.4 kg/m2; baseline IHLC, 13% ± 4%]. After treatment, IHLC was decreased 12% (±SEM, 26%) relative to baseline (absolute change, -2%; 95% CI, -3 to 0; P = 0.046). Small decreases in BMI (P = 0.044), visceral adipose tissue volume (P = 0.047), and subcutaneous adipose tissue volume (P = 0.045) were observed. No significant changes in glucose regulation or lipid profile occurred. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of low-dose TH therapy for NAFLD in men. TH or TH analogs may be beneficial for this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Bruinstroop
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- NTU-Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Yang Cao
- Singapore Clinical Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Yong Mong Bee
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Li Wei Cho
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Shui Boon Soh
- Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eng Kiong Teo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Endocrinology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Rohit A Sinha
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, A220 LSRC, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Christopher Leung
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter W Angus
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheila K Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise M Burrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Department of Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chee Fang Sum
- Department of Endocrinology, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
- Diabetes Centre, Admiralty Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Paul M Yen
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chooi YC, Ding C, Chan Z, Choo J, Sadananthan SA, Michael N, Lee Y, Velan SS, Magkos F. Moderate Weight Loss Improves Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Metabolically Unhealthy Lean Subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1000-1007. [PMID: 29676049 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals who have "metabolically obese normal weight" (MONW) have an increased risk for cardiometabolic disease. Moderate weight loss has multiple benefits in people with obesity, but its effects in lean people are unknown. Thus, the effects of diet-induced 5% weight loss on body composition and metabolic function in MONW subjects were evaluated. METHODS Total body fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) volumes, intrahepatic and intramyocellular lipid contents, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), glucose tolerance, and postprandial insulin secretion and clearance rates (mixed meal with minimal modeling) were measured before and after 4.8% ± 0.5% weight loss in 11 MONW Asians (48 ± 3 years old, six men and five women, BMI 22.7 ± 0.4 kg/m2 ). RESULTS Weight loss decreased total fat mass by ∼9%, VAT and SAT volumes by ∼11% and ∼17%, respectively, and intrahepatic fat by ∼50% (all P < 0.05). Fasting plasma insulin, triglyceride, and total low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were also reduced (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity indexes (M-value and M/I ratio) increased by 21% to 26% (both P < 0.05); β-cell responsivity and postprandial insulin secretion rate did not change, but insulin clearance rate increased by 16% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diet-induced moderate weight loss improves body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity and thereby reduces cardiometabolic risk in MONW Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chung Chooi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Zhiling Chan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - John Choo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yijun Lee
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ding C, Chan Z, Chooi YC, Choo J, Sadananthan SA, Chang A, Sasikala S, Michael N, Velan SS, Magkos F. Regulation of glucose metabolism in nondiabetic, metabolically obese normal-weight Asians. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E494-E502. [PMID: 29351481 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes in Asia occurs largely in the absence of obesity. The metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW) phenotype refers to lean subjects with metabolic dysfunction that is typically observed in people with obesity and is associated with increased risk for diabetes. Previous studies evaluated MONW subjects who had greater body mass index (BMI) or total body fat than respective control groups, making interpretation of the results difficult. We evaluated insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp); insulin secretion (mixed meal with oral minimal modeling); intra-abdominal, muscle, and liver fat contents (magnetic resonance); and fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in 18 MONW subjects and 18 metabolically healthy controls matched for age (43 ± 3 and 40 ± 3 yr; P = 0.52), BMI (both 22 ± 1 kg/m2; P = 0.69), total body fat (17 ± 1 and 16 ± 1 kg; P = 0.33), and sex (9 men and 9 women in each group). Compared with controls, MONW subjects had an approximately twofold greater visceral adipose tissue volume and an approximately fourfold greater intrahepatic fat content (but similar muscle fat), 20-30% lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity, and 30-40% greater insulin secretion rates (all P < 0.05). The disposition index, fasting glucose, and HbA1c concentrations were not different between groups, whereas postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were ~15% and ~65% greater, respectively, in MONW than control subjects (both P < 0.05). We conclude that the MONW phenotype is associated with accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal area and the liver, profound insulin resistance, but also a robust β-cell insulin secretion response that compensates for insulin resistance and helps maintain glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherlyn Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
| | - Zhiling Chan
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
| | - Yu Chung Chooi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
| | - John Choo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Amanda Chang
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
| | - S Sasikala
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology, and Research, Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, and National University Health System , Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun L, Camps SG, Goh HJ, Govindharajulu P, Schaefferkoetter JD, Townsend DW, Verma SK, Velan SS, Sun L, Sze SK, Lim SC, Boehm BO, Henry CJ, Leow MKS. Capsinoids activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) with increased energy expenditure associated with subthreshold 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in BAT-positive humans confirmed by positron emission tomography scan. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 107:62-70. [PMID: 29381803 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Capsinoids are reported to increase energy expenditure (EE) via brown adipose tissue (BAT) stimulation. However, imaging of BAT activation by capsinoids remains limited. Because BAT activation is a potential therapeutic strategy for obesity and related metabolic disorders, we sought to prove that capsinoid-induced BAT activation can be visualized by 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Objective We compared capsinoids and cold exposure on BAT activation and whole-body EE. Design Twenty healthy participants (8 men, 12 women) with a mean age of 26 y (range: 21-35 y) and a body mass index (kg/m2) of 21.7 (range: 18.5-26.0) underwent 18F-FDG PET and whole-body calorimetry after ingestion of 12 mg capsinoids or ≤2 h of cold exposure (∼14.5°C) in a crossover design. Mean standardized uptake values (SUVs) of the region of interest and BAT volumes were calculated. Blood metabolites were measured before and 2 h after each treatment. Results All of the participants showed negligible 18F-FDG uptake post-capsinoid ingestion. Upon cold exposure, 12 participants showed avid 18F-FDG uptake into supraclavicular and lateral neck adipose tissues (BAT-positive group), whereas the remaining 8 participants (BAT-negative group) showed undetectable uptake. Capsinoids and cold exposure increased EE, although cold induced a 2-fold increase in whole-body EE and higher fat oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and HDL cholesterol compared with capsinoids. Conclusions Capsinoids only increased EE in BAT-positive participants, which suggests that BAT mediates EE evoked by capsinoids. This implies that capsinoids stimulate BAT to a lesser degree than cold exposure as evidenced by 18F-FDG uptake below the presently accepted SUV thresholds defining BAT activation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02964442.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Sun
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hui Jen Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Priya Govindharajulu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - David W Townsend
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, A*STAR, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Sanjay K Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore.,Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore.,Departments of Physiology, and Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Department of Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore.,Departments of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Clinical Trials and Research Unit, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nagarajan R, Carpenter CL, Lee CC, Michael N, Sarma MK, Souza R, Xu E, Velan SS, Hahn TJ, Go VL, Thomas MA. Assessment of Lipid and Metabolite Changes in Obese Calf Muscle Using Multi-Echo Echo-planar Correlated Spectroscopic Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17338. [PMID: 29229948 PMCID: PMC5725420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related conditions including heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes are leading causes of preventable death. Recent evidence suggests that altered myocellular lipid metabolism in obesity may lead to increased insulin resistance (IR) that predisposes to these disorders. To test the hypothesis that muscles rich in type I vs. type II muscle fibers would exhibit similar changes in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) content in obesity, we utilized a new four-dimensional multi echo echo-planar correlated spectroscopic imaging technique that allows separate determination of IMCL and EMCL content in individual calf muscles in obese vs. normal healthy human subjects. Calf muscles were scanned in 32 obese and 11 healthy subjects using a 3T MRI/MRS scanner, and IR in the obese subjects was documented by glucose tolerance testing. In obese subjects, elevation of both IMCL and EMCL content was observed in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles (with mixed type I and II fiber content), while a significant increase in only IMCL content (+48%, p < 0.001) was observed in the soleus muscle (predominantly type I fibers). These observations indicate unexpected differences in changes in myolipid metabolism in type I vs. type II rich muscle regions in obesity, perhaps related to IR, and warrant further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajakumar Nagarajan
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Catherine L Carpenter
- UCLA Schools of Nursing, Medicine, and Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cathy C Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Sarma
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raissa Souza
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edward Xu
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theodore J Hahn
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vay-Liang Go
- UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M Albert Thomas
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fogel A, Goh AT, Fries LR, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Michael N, Tint MT, Fortier MV, Chan MJ, Toh JY, Chong YS, Tan KH, Yap F, Shek LP, Meaney MJ, Broekman BFP, Lee YS, Godfrey KM, Chong MFF, Forde CG. A description of an 'obesogenic' eating style that promotes higher energy intake and is associated with greater adiposity in 4.5year-old children: Results from the GUSTO cohort. Physiol Behav 2017; 176:107-116. [PMID: 28213204 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings confirm that faster eating rates support higher energy intakes within a meal and are associated with increased body weight and adiposity in children. The current study sought to identify the eating behaviours that underpin faster eating rates and energy intake in children, and to investigate their variations by weight status and other individual differences. Children (N=386) from the Growing Up in Singapore towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort took part in a video-recorded ad libitum lunch at 4.5years of age to measure acute energy intake. Videos were coded for three eating behaviours (bites, chews and swallows) to derive a measure of eating rate (g/min) and measures of eating microstructure: eating rate (g/min), total oral exposure (min), average bite size (g/bite), chews per gram, oral exposure per bite (s), total bites and proportion of active to total mealtime. Children's BMIs were calculated and a subset of children underwent MRI scanning to establish abdominal adiposity. Children were grouped into faster and slower eaters, and into healthy and overweight groups to compare their eating behaviours. Results demonstrate that faster eating rates were correlated with larger average bite size (r=0.55, p<0.001), fewer chews per gram (r=-0.71, p<0.001) and shorter oral exposure time per bite (r=-0.25, p<0.001), and with higher energy intakes (r=0.61, p<0.001). Children with overweight and higher adiposity had faster eating rates (p<0.01) and higher energy intakes (p<0.01), driven by larger bite sizes (p<0.05). Eating behaviours varied by sex, ethnicity and early feeding regimes, partially attributable to BMI. We propose that these behaviours describe an 'obesogenic eating style' that is characterised by faster eating rates, achieved through larger bites, reduced chewing and shorter oral exposure time. This obesogenic eating style supports acute energy intake within a meal and is more prevalent among, though not exclusive to, children with overweight. Clinical Trial Registry Number: NCT01174875; https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fogel
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ai Ting Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | | | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Singapore Bio-Imaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marielle Valerie Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mei Jun Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Jia Ying Toh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Birit F P Broekman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Foong Fong Chong
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zazo Seco C, Castells-Nobau A, Joo SH, Schraders M, Foo JN, van der Voet M, Velan SS, Nijhof B, Oostrik J, de Vrieze E, Katana R, Mansoor A, Huynen M, Szklarczyk R, Oti M, Tranebjærg L, van Wijk E, Scheffer-de Gooyert JM, Siddique S, Baets J, de Jonghe P, Kazmi SAR, Sadananthan SA, van de Warrenburg BP, Khor CC, Göpfert MC, Qamar R, Schenck A, Kremer H, Siddiqi S. A homozygous FITM2 mutation causes a deafness-dystonia syndrome with motor regression and signs of ichthyosis and sensory neuropathy. Dis Model Mech 2016; 10:105-118. [PMID: 28067622 PMCID: PMC5312003 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.026476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A consanguineous family from Pakistan was ascertained to have a novel deafness-dystonia syndrome with motor regression, ichthyosis-like features and signs of sensory neuropathy. By applying a combined strategy of linkage analysis and whole-exome sequencing in the presented family, a homozygous nonsense mutation, c.4G>T (p.Glu2*), in FITM2 was identified. FITM2 and its paralog FITM1 constitute an evolutionary conserved protein family involved in partitioning of triglycerides into cellular lipid droplets. Despite the role of FITM2 in neutral lipid storage and metabolism, no indications for lipodystrophy were observed in the affected individuals. In order to obtain independent evidence for the involvement of FITM2 in the human pathology, downregulation of the single Fitm ortholog, CG10671, in Drosophila melanogaster was pursued using RNA interference. Characteristics of the syndrome, including progressive locomotor impairment, hearing loss and disturbed sensory functions, were recapitulated in Drosophila, which supports the causative nature of the FITM2 mutation. Mutation-based genetic counseling can now be provided to the family and insight is obtained into the potential impact of genetic variation in FITM2. Editors' choice: Loss of FITM2 function in humans causes syndromic hearing loss without any signs of a lipodystrophy, although FITM2 is known to function in lipid droplet synthesis and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celia Zazo Seco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Castells-Nobau
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Seol-Hee Joo
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Margit Schraders
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Monique van der Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Bonnie Nijhof
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Oostrik
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Erik de Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Radoslaw Katana
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Atika Mansoor
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Martijn Huynen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Radek Szklarczyk
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Oti
- The Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Lisbeth Tranebjærg
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (ICMM), The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital/Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark.,Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup 2600, Denmark
| | - Erwin van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M Scheffer-de Gooyert
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Saadat Siddique
- National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.,Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuropathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2610, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.,Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Neuropathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Syed Ali Raza Kazmi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 168751, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Martin C Göpfert
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Raheel Qamar
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan.,Al-Nafees Medical College & Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan
| | - Annette Schenck
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Hannie Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Genes, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chaurasia B, Kaddai VA, Lancaster GI, Henstridge DC, Sriram S, Galam DLA, Gopalan V, Prakash KNB, Velan SS, Bulchand S, Tsong TJ, Wang M, Siddique MM, Yuguang G, Sigmundsson K, Mellet NA, Weir JM, Meikle PJ, Bin M Yassin MS, Shabbir A, Shayman JA, Hirabayashi Y, Shiow SATE, Sugii S, Summers SA. Adipocyte Ceramides Regulate Subcutaneous Adipose Browning, Inflammation, and Metabolism. Cell Metab 2016; 24:820-834. [PMID: 27818258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes package incoming fatty acids into triglycerides and other glycerolipids, with only a fraction spilling into a parallel biosynthetic pathway that produces sphingolipids. Herein, we demonstrate that subcutaneous adipose tissue of type 2 diabetics contains considerably more sphingolipids than non-diabetic, BMI-matched counterparts. Whole-body and adipose tissue-specific inhibition/deletion of serine palmitoyltransferase (Sptlc), the first enzyme in the sphingolipid biosynthesis cascade, in mice markedly altered adipose morphology and metabolism, particularly in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The reduction in adipose sphingolipids increased brown and beige/brite adipocyte numbers, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. The manipulation also increased numbers of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the adipose bed and induced secretion of insulin-sensitizing adipokines. By comparison, deletion of serine palmitoyltransferase from macrophages had no discernible effects on metabolic homeostasis or adipose function. These data indicate that newly synthesized adipocyte sphingolipids are nutrient signals that drive changes in the adipose phenotype to influence whole-body energy expenditure and nutrient metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirath Chaurasia
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolic Health, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
| | - Vincent Andre Kaddai
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolic Health, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Graeme Iain Lancaster
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolic Health, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Darren C Henstridge
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Sandhya Sriram
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Dwight Lark Anolin Galam
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169547, Singapore
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Sarada Bulchand
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Navy Nagar, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Teh Jing Tsong
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mei Wang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | | | - Guan Yuguang
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169547, Singapore
| | - Kristmundur Sigmundsson
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169547, Singapore
| | - Natalie A Mellet
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Jacquelyn M Weir
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - M Shabeer Bin M Yassin
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Asim Shabbir
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - James A Shayman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Sue-Anne Toh Ee Shiow
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shigeki Sugii
- Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore 138667, Singapore; Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169547, Singapore
| | - Scott A Summers
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolic Health, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Verma SK, Nagashima K, Yaligar J, Michael N, Lee SS, Xianfeng T, Gopalan V, Sadananthan SA, Anantharaj R, Velan SS. Differentiating brown and white adipose tissues by high-resolution diffusion NMR spectroscopy. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:289-298. [PMID: 27845688 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d072298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two types of fat tissues, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which essentially perform opposite functions in whole body energy metabolism. There is a large interest in identifying novel biophysical properties of WAT and BAT by a quantitative and easy-to-run technique. In this work, we used high-resolution pulsed field gradient diffusion NMR spectroscopy to study the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of fat molecules in rat BAT and WAT samples. The ADC of fat in BAT and WAT from rats fed with a chow diet was compared with that of rats fed with a high-fat diet to monitor how the diffusion properties change due to obesity-associated parameters such as lipid droplet size, fatty acid chain length, and saturation. Feeding a high-fat diet resulted in increased saturation, increased chain lengths, and reduced ADC of fat in WAT. The ADC of fat was lower in BAT relative to WAT in rats fed both chow and high-fat diets. Diffusion of fat was restricted in BAT due to the presence of small multilocular lipid droplets. Our findings indicate that in vivo diffusion might be a potential way for better delineation of BAT and WAT in both lean and obese states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kaz Nagashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Swee Shean Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tian Xianfeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rengaraj Anantharaj
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gopalan V, Michael N, Ishino S, Lee SS, Yang AY, Bhanu Prakash KN, Yaligar J, Sadananthan SA, Kaneko M, Zhou Z, Satomi Y, Hirayama M, Kamiguchi H, Zhu B, Horiguchi T, Nishimoto T, Velan SS. Effect of Exercise and Calorie Restriction on Tissue Acylcarnitines, Tissue Desaturase Indices, and Fat Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26445. [PMID: 27197769 PMCID: PMC4873816 DOI: 10.1038/srep26445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exercise and calorie restriction interventions have been recommended for inducing weight-loss in obese states. However, there is conflicting evidence on their relative benefits for metabolic health and insulin sensitivity. This study seeks to evaluate the differential effects of the two interventions on fat mobilization, fat metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese animal models. After 4 months of ad libitum high fat diet feeding, 35 male Fischer F344 rats were grouped (n = 7 per cohort) into sedentary control (CON), exercise once a day (EX1), exercise twice a day (EX2), 15% calorie restriction (CR1) and 30% calorie restriction (CR2) cohorts. Interventions were carried out over a 4-week period. We found elevated hepatic and muscle long chain acylcarnitines with both exercise and calorie restriction, and a positive association between hepatic long chain acylcarnitines and insulin sensitivity in the pooled cohort. Our result suggests that long chain acylcarnitines may not indicate incomplete fat oxidation in weight loss interventions. Calorie restriction was found to be more effective than exercise in reducing body weight. Exercise, on the other hand, was more effective in reducing adipose depots and muscle triglycerides, favorably altering muscle/liver desaturase activity and improving insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bio Imaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Swee Shean Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bio Imaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - K N Bhanu Prakash
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bio Imaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bio Imaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bin Zhu
- Takeda Singapore Pte Ltd., Singapore
| | - Takashi Horiguchi
- Molecular Imaging Centre, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bio Imaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Parvaresh Rizi E, Teo Y, Leow MKS, Venkataraman K, Khoo EYH, Yeo CR, Chan E, Song T, Sadananthan SA, Velan SS, Gluckman PD, Lee YS, Chong YS, Tai ES, Toh SA, Khoo CM. Ethnic Differences in the Role of Adipocytokines Linking Abdominal Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity Among Asians. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4249-56. [PMID: 26308293 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Among Asian ethnic groups, Chinese or Malays are more insulin sensitive than South Asians, in particular in lean individuals. We have further reported that body fat partitioning did not explain this ethnic difference in insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE We examined whether adipocytokines might explain the ethnic differences in the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance among the three major ethnic groups in Singapore. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This was a cross-sectional study of 101 Chinese, 82 Malays, and 81 South Asian men. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was measured using hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, apelin, IL-6, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP 4), and resistin were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassays. RESULTS Principle component (PC) analysis on the adipocytokines identified three PCs, which explained 49.5% of the total variance. Adiponectin loaded negatively, and leptin and FGF21 loaded positively onto PC1. Visfatin, resistin, and apelin all loaded positively onto PC2. IL-6 loaded positively and RBP-4 negatively onto PC3. Only PC1 was negatively associated with ISI in all ethnic groups. In the path analysis, SAT and VAT were negatively associated with ISI in Chinese and Malays without significant mediatory role of PC1. In South Asians, the relationship between VAT and ISI was mediated partly through PC1, whereas the relationship between SAT and ISI was mediated mainly through PC1. CONCLUSIONS The relationships between abdominal obesity, adipocytokines and insulin sensitivity differ between ethnic groups. Adiponectin, leptin, and FGF21 play a mediating role in the relationship between abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance in South Asians, but not in Malays or Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Parvaresh Rizi
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Yvonne Teo
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | | | - Eric Yin Hao Khoo
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Chia Rou Yeo
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Edmund Chan
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Tammy Song
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Sue-Anne Toh
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine (E.P.R., Y.T., E.Y.H.K., C.R.Y., E.C., T.S., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597; Department of Medicine (E.P.R., E.Y.H.K., E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), National University Health System, Singapore 119228; Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School (E.S.T., S.-A.T., C.M.K.), Singapore 169857; Department of Endocrinology (M.K.-S.L.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (A*STAR) (M.K.-S.L., S.A.S., S.S.V., P.D.G., Y.S.L.), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (S.A.S., Y.S.C.), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077; Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (S.S.V.), A*STAR, Singapore 138667; Clinical Imaging Research Centre (S.S.V.), A*STAR-NUS, Singapore 119077; and Department of Paediatrics (Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Verma SK, Kan EM, Lu J, Ng KC, Ling EA, Seramani S, Kn BP, Wong YC, Tan MH, Velan SS. Multi-echo susceptibility-weighted imaging and histology of open-field blast-induced traumatic brain injury in a rat model. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:1069-1077. [PMID: 26152641 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury is on the rise, predominantly as a result of the use of improvised explosive devices, resulting in undesirable neuropsychological dysfunctions, as demonstrated in both animals and humans. This study investigated the effect of open-field blast injury on the rat brain using multi-echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Multi-echo SWI provided phase maps with better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), making it a sensitive technique for brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a survivable blast of 180 kPa. The visibility of blood vessels of varying sizes improved with multi-echo SWI. Reduced signal intensity from major vessels post-blast indicates increased deoxyhaemoglobin. Relative cerebral blood flow was computed from filtered phase SWI images using inferred changes in oxygen saturation from major blood vessels. Cerebral blood flow decreased significantly at day 3 and day 5 post-blast compared with that pre-blast. This was substantiated by the upregulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), a marker of ischaemia, in the neuronal perikaya of the cerebral cortex, as observed by immunofluorescence, and in the cortical tissue by western blot analysis. Our findings indicate the presence of brain ischaemia in post-blast acute phase of injury with possible recovery subsequently. Our results from cerebrovascular imaging, histology and staining provide an insight into the ischaemic state of the brain post-blast and may be useful for prognosis and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Enci Mary Kan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Lu
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Chye Ng
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Eng Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sankar Seramani
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Bhanu Prakash Kn
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Yong Chiat Wong
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Mui Hong Tan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Durst CR, Michael N, Tustison NJ, Patrie JT, Raghavan P, Wintermark M, Sendhil Velan S. Noninvasive evaluation of the regional variations of GABA using magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:611-7. [PMID: 25708260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rapid regional fluctuations in GABA may result in inhomogeneous concentrations throughout the brain parenchyma. The goal of this study is to provide further insight into the natural distribution of GABA throughout the brain and thus determine if a surrogate site may be used for spectroscopy when evaluating motor diseases, neurological disorders, or psychiatric dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, eight healthy volunteers underwent spectroscopic evaluation of the frontal lobe, occipital lobe, lateral temporal lobe, basal ganglia, and both hippocampi using a spin echo variant of a J-difference editing method. Knowledge of the relative peak intensities of the macromolecule peaks at 3ppm and 0.9ppm was used to correct the contribution of co-edited macromolecules to the GABA peak at 3ppm. The GABA values were internally referenced to NAA. Linear regression was used to normalize the effect of regional tissue-fraction variation on the GABA/NAA values. A one-way ANOVA was performed with Tukey's multiple comparison test to compare the normalized GABA/NAA values in each pair of locations. RESULTS After accounting for the macromolecule contribution to the GABA signal and correction for tissue fraction variation, the normalized GABA/NAA ratios differ significantly between the six brain locations (p<0.001). Pairwise comparisons of the corrected normalized GABA/NAA ratios show statistically significant variation between the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia, frontal and lateral temporal lobes, and frontal lobe and right hippocampus. Variations in the normalized GABA/NAA ratios trend toward significance between the frontal lobe and left hippocampus, occipital lobe and the frontal lobe, occipital lobe and basal ganglia, and occipital lobe and right hippocampus. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that GABA concentration is inhomogeneous throughout the parenchyma. Studies evaluating the role of GABA must carefully consider voxel placement when incorporating spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Durst
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Nicholas J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James T Patrie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Prashant Raghavan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pola A, Sadananthan SA, Gopalan V, Tan MLS, Keong TY, Zhou Z, Ishino S, Nakano Y, Watanabe M, Horiguchi T, Nishimoto T, Zhu B, Velan SS. Investigation of Fat Metabolism during Antiobesity Interventions by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. Magn Reson Insights 2014; 7:33-40. [PMID: 25574137 PMCID: PMC4251539 DOI: 10.4137/mri.s19362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The focus of current treatments for obesity is to reduce the body weight or visceral fat, which requires longer duration to show effect. In this study, we investigated the short-term changes in fat metabolism in liver, abdomen, and skeletal muscle during antiobesity interventions including Sibutra mine treatment and diet restriction in obese rats using magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and blood chemistry. Sibutramine is an antiobesity drug that results in weight loss by increasing satiety and energy expenditure. The Sibutramine-treated rats showed reduction of liver fat and intramyocellular lipids on day 3. The triglycerides (TG) decreased on day 1 and 3 compared to baseline (day 0). The early response/nonresponse in different fat depots will permit optimization of treatment for better clinical outcome rather than staying with a drug for longer periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Pola
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, Singapore
| | | | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, Singapore
| | | | - Terry Yew Keong
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, Singapore
| | | | - Seigo Ishino
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Bin Zhu
- Takeda Singapore Pte. Ltd., Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, Singapore. ; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore. ; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sadananthan SA, Prakash B, Leow MKS, Khoo CM, Chou H, Venkataraman K, Khoo EY, Lee YS, Gluckman PD, Tai ES, Velan SS. Automated segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous (deep and superficial) adipose tissues in normal and overweight men. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:924-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Bhanu Prakash
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
| | - Melvin Khee-Shing Leow
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
- Department of Endocrinology; Tan Tock Seng Hospital; Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Hong Chou
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology; Khoo Teck Puat Hospital; Singapore
| | - Kavita Venkataraman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Eric Y.H. Khoo
- Department of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
- Department of Pediatrics; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
| | - E. Shyong Tai
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
- Department of Medicine; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System; Singapore
| | - S. Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR); Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nagashima K, Rao DK, Pagès G, Velan SS, Kuchel PW. Long-lived spin state of a tripeptide in stretched hydrogel. J Biomol NMR 2014; 59:31-41. [PMID: 24627038 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-014-9821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The longitudinal (T 1), transverse (T 2), and singlet state (T s) relaxation times of the geminal backbone protons (CH2) of L-Leu-Gly-Gly were studied by NMR spectroscopy at 9.4 T in a bovine hide gelatin gel composed in D2O at 25 °C. Gelatin granules were dissolved in a hot solution of the tripeptide and then the solution was allowed to gel inside a flexible silicone tubing. With increases in gelatin content, the T 2 and T s of the CH2 protons correspondingly decreased (T s/T 2 ~ constant), while the change in T 1 was relatively small. The largest observed T s/T 1 value was 3.3 at 46% w/v gelatin that was the lowest gelatin content examined. Stretching the tubing, and hence the gel, brought about anisotropic alignment of the constituents resulting in residual quadrupolar splitting of the resonance from D2O in (2)H NMR spectra, and residual dipolar splitting of the CH2 resonance in (1)H NMR spectra. WALTZ-16 decoupling during the relaxation intervals extended the singlet state relaxation time, but the efficacy diminished as the gels were stretched. Theoretically predicted T 1, T 2, and T s values, assuming intramolecular dipolar coupling as the only source of relaxation, were within the same order of magnitude as the experimentally observed values. Overall we showed that it is possible to observe a long-lived spin state in an anisotropic medium when T 2 is shorter than T 1 in the presence of non-zero residual dipolar couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaz Nagashima
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, 11 Bioplis Way, Singapore, 138667, Singapore,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Khoo CM, Leow MKS, Sadananthan SA, Lim R, Venkataraman K, Khoo EYH, Velan SS, Ong YT, Kambadur R, McFarlane C, Gluckman PD, Lee YS, Chong YS, Tai ES. Body fat partitioning does not explain the interethnic variation in insulin sensitivity among Asian ethnicity: the Singapore adults metabolism study. Diabetes 2014; 63:1093-102. [PMID: 24353181 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that ethnicity modifies the association between adiposity and insulin resistance. We sought to determine whether differential body fat partitioning or abnormalities in muscle insulin signaling associated with higher levels of adiposity might underlie this observation. We measured the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), percentage of body fat (%body fat), visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, liver fat, and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) in 101 Chinese, 82 Malays, and 81 South Asians, as well as phosphorylated (p)-Akt levels in cultured myoblasts from Chinese and South Asians. Lean Chinese and Malays had higher ISI than South Asians. Although the ISI was lower in all ethnic groups when %body fat was higher, this association was stronger in Chinese and Malays, such that no ethnic differences were observed in overweight individuals. These ethnic differences were observed even when %body fat was replaced with fat in other depots. Myoblasts obtained from lean South Asians had lower p-Akt levels than those from lean Chinese. Higher adiposity was associated with lower p-Akt levels in Chinese but not in South Asians, and no ethnic differences were observed in overweight individuals. With higher %body fat, Chinese exhibited smaller increases in deep SAT and IMCL compared with Malays and South Asians, which did not explain the ethnic differences observed. Our study suggests that body fat partitioning does not explain interethnic differences in insulin sensitivity among Asian ethnic groups. Although higher adiposity had greater effect on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity among Chinese, obesity-independent pathways may be more relevant in South Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Miranda DA, Kim JH, Nguyen LN, Cheng W, Tan BC, Goh VJ, Tan JSY, Yaligar J, Kn BP, Velan SS, Wang H, Silver DL. Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 is required for normal fat storage in adipose tissue. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9560-72. [PMID: 24519944 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.547687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Triglycerides within the cytosol of cells are stored in a phylogenetically conserved organelle called the lipid droplet (LD). LDs can be formed at the endoplasmic reticulum, but mechanisms that regulate the formation of LDs are incompletely understood. Adipose tissue has a high capacity to form lipid droplets and store triglycerides. Fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FITM2/FIT2) is highly expressed in adipocytes, and data indicate that FIT2 has an important role in the formation of LDs in cells, but whether FIT2 has a physiological role in triglyceride storage in adipose tissue remains unproven. Here we show that adipose-specific deficiency of FIT2 (AF2KO) in mice results in progressive lipodystrophy of white adipose depots and metabolic dysfunction. In contrast, interscapular brown adipose tissue of AF2KO mice accumulated few but large LDs without changes in cellular triglyceride levels. High fat feeding of AF2KO mice or AF2KO mice on the genetically obese ob/ob background accelerated the onset of lipodystrophy. At the cellular level, primary adipocyte precursors of white and brown adipose tissue differentiated in vitro produced fewer but larger LDs without changes in total cellular triglyceride or triglyceride biosynthesis. These data support the conclusion that FIT2 plays an essential, physiological role in fat storage in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Miranda
- From the Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Agarwal N, Pagès G, D' Silva L, Said N, Kuchel PW, Velan SS. Dependence of residual dipolar couplings on foot angle in (1)H MR spectra from skeletal muscle. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:379-84. [PMID: 24559865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Foot dorsi and plantar flexion affects the pennation angle of skeletal muscle fibers and changes the fiber direction with respect to the main magnetic field, thereby affecting MR spectrum of the muscle. In order to analyze the effect that foot flexion has on the MR spectrum, tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus muscles were studied in humans and rats. Localized MRS was performed at different foot angles in clinical and pre-clinical settings using a 3T MRI/MRS GE Excite HD and 7T Bruker Clinscan scanner, respectively. In this study we show the effect of foot angle variation on total Creatine (tCr) resonance of (1)H spectrum at 3.03 and 3.93ppm for TA and soleus muscles. In addition to this, we observe a 4-line splitting pattern for methylene resonance of tCr in the rat TA spectrum for a specific foot angle. This observation is attributed to the individual splitting of creatine and phosphocreatine of the tCr signal. Novel hydrogel application is demonstrated and used to support our in vivo observations and for the first time splitting of individual resonances of Cr and PCr has been shown in an in vitro set-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Agarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Guilhem Pagès
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Loyola D' Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Said
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore; Clinical Imaging Research Centre, NUS-A*STAR, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nagarajan V, Gopalan V, Kaneko M, Angeli V, Gluckman P, Richards AM, Kuchel PW, Velan SS. Cardiac function and lipid distribution in rats fed a high-fat diet: in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1495-504. [PMID: 23542917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00478.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and its pathophysiological precondition insulin resistance. Very little is known about the metabolic changes that occur in the myocardium and consequent changes in cardiac function that are associated with high-fat accumulation. Therefore, cardiac function and metabolism were evaluated in control rats and those fed a high-fat diet, using magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mRNA analysis, histology, and plasma biochemistry. Analysis of blood plasma from rats fed the high-fat diet showed that they were insulin resistant (P < 0.001). Our high-fat diet model had higher heart weight (P = 0.005) and also increasing trend in septal wall thickness (P = 0.07) compared with control diet rats. Our results from biochemistry, magnetic resonance imaging, and mRNA analysis confirmed that rats on the high-fat diet had moderate diabetes along with mild cardiac hypertrophy. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy results showed the extramyocellular lipid signal only in the spectra from high-fat diet rats, which was absent in the control diet rats. The intramyocellular lipids in high-fat diet rats was higher (8.7%) compared with rats on the control diet (6.1%). This was confirmed by electron microscope and light microscopy studies. Our results indicate that lipid accumulation in the myocardium might be an early indication of the cardiovascular pathophysiology associated with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
49
|
Steinberg JD, Velan SS. Measuring glucose concentrations in the rat brain using echo-time-averaged point resolved spectroscopy at 7 tesla. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:301-8. [PMID: 22987321 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucose has multiple functions in the brain, and there is interest in estimating in vivo concentrations rather than merely the uptake determined by nuclear medicine. Glucose can be estimated using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but measurement is difficult due to its multiple J-coupled proton signals overlapping with other metabolite signals. To minimize the effect of interfering signals, echo time (TE) values between 60 and 95 ms were averaged, and the loss in signal due to the T2 effect was corrected in both the estimation of glucose concentration and in creation of the basis files for fitting. The effectiveness of the TE-averaging method was evaluated by measuring the glucose concentration in fasted rats before and after feeding. The brain glucose in all rats increased after feeding with fasted and fed glucose-to-creatine ratios of 0.15 ± 0.03 and 0.24 ± 0.04, respectively. Data at a short TE of 13 ms measured ratios of 0.30 ± 0.16 and 0.36 ± 0.24 for the fasted and fed rats, respectively, demonstrating the difficulty in obtaining reliable glucose measurements at short TE. Overall, TE averaging minimizes the influence of macromolecular signals and nearby peaks to give precise, consistent estimates of glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Steinberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pola A, Sadananthan SA, Yaligar J, Nagarajan V, Han W, Kuchel PW, Velan SS. Skeletal muscle lipid metabolism studied by advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc 2012; 65:66-76. [PMID: 22781315 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Pola
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|