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Chen KS, Khawaja A, Xu E, Mekary RA, Vaitkevicius H, Aziz-Sultan A, Du R, Patel NJ. Changes in inpatient brain arteriovenous malformation management in the United States following the ARUBA trial: analysis of an interrupted time series design. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 242:108293. [PMID: 38728853 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The November 2013 online publication of ARUBA, the first multi-institutional randomized controlled trial for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), has sparked over 100 publications in protracted debates METHODS: This study sought to examine inpatient management patterns of brain AVMs from 2009 to 2016 and observe if changes in U.S. inpatient management were attributable to the ARUBA publication using interrupted time series of brain AVM studies from the National Inpatient Sample data 2009-2016. Outcomes of interest were use of embolization, surgery, combined embolization and microsurgery, radiotherapy, and observation during that admission. An interrupted time series design compared management trends before and after ARUBA. Segmented linear regression analysis tested for immediate and long-term impacts of ARUBA on management. RESULTS: Elective and asymptomatic patient admissions declined 2009-2016. In keeping with the ARUBA findings, observation for unruptured brain AVMs increased and microsurgery decreased. However, embolization, radiosurgery, and combined embolization and microsurgery also increased. For ruptured brain AVMs, treatment modality trends remained positive with even greater rates of observation, embolization, and combined embolization and microsurgery occurring after ARUBA (data on radiosurgery were scarce). None of the estimates for the change in trends were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The publication of ARUBA was associated with a decrease in microsurgery and increase in observation for unruptured brain AVMs in the US. However, inpatient radiotherapy, embolization, and combined embolization and surgery also increased, suggesting trends moved counter to ARUBA's conclusions. This analysis suggested that ARUBA had a small impact as clinicians rejected ARUBA's findings in managing unruptured brain AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Chen
- Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 470, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ayaz Khawaja
- Department of Neurology, New York University Health and Hospitals, Bellevue, 462 First Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Edward Xu
- Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, 6701 Fannin St, Suite 470, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Department of Social and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center at Harvard, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Henri Vaitkevicius
- Marinus Pharmaceuticals, 5 Radnor Corporate Center, 100 Matsonford Rd, Suite 500, Radnor, PA 19087, USA
| | - Ali Aziz-Sultan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rose Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nirav J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Fang YX, Lu EQ, Cheng YJ, Xu E, Zhu M, Chen X. Glutamine Promotes Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:7155-7166. [PMID: 38526961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is a critical nutrient required by neonatal mammals for intestinal growth, especially for newborn piglets. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of Gln in porcine intestinal epithelium development are not fully understood. The objective of the current study was to explore the possible signaling pathway involved in the promotion of porcine intestinal epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) proliferation by Gln. The results showed that 1 mM Gln promoted IPEC-J2 cell proliferation, and tandem mass tag proteomics revealed 973 differentially expressed proteins in Gln-treated IPEC-J2 cells, 824 of which were upregulated and 149 of which were downregulated. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway is activated by Gln treatment. Western blotting analysis further confirmed that Gln activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, Gln increased not only cytosolic β-catenin but also nuclear β-catenin protein expression. LF3 (a β-catenin/TCF4 interaction inhibitor) assay and β-catenin knockdown demonstrated that Gln-mediated promotion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cell proliferation were blocked. Furthermore, the inhibition of TCF4 expression suppressed Gln-induced cell proliferation. These findings further confirmed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the promotion of IPEC-J2 cell proliferation by Gln. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Gln positively regulated IPEC-J2 cell proliferation through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These data greatly enhance the current understanding of the mechanism by which Gln regulates intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Fang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - En-Qing Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - E Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Zhu M, Lu EQ, Yan L, Liu G, Huang K, Xu E, Zhang YY, Li XG. Phospholipase D Mediates Glutamine-Induced mTORC1 Activation to Promote Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation. J Nutr 2024; 154:1119-1129. [PMID: 38365119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal epithelium is one of the fastest self-renewal tissues in the body, and glutamine plays a crucial role in providing carbon and nitrogen for biosynthesis. In intestinal homeostasis, phosphorylation-mediated signaling networks that cause altered cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic regulation have been observed. However, our understanding of how glutamine affects protein phosphorylation in the intestinal epithelium is limited, and identifying the essential signaling pathways involved in regulating intestinal epithelial cell growth is particularly challenging. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the essential proteins and signaling pathways involved in glutamine's promotion of porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. METHODS Phosphoproteomics was applied to describe the protein phosphorylation landscape under glutamine treatment. Kinase-substrate enrichment analysis was subjected to predict kinase activity and validated by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8, glutamine rescue experiment, chloroquine treatment, and 5-fluoro-2-indolyl deschlorohalopemide inhibition assay revealed the possible underlying mechanism of glutamine promoting porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. RESULTS In this study, glutamine starvation was found to significantly suppress the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and change phosphoproteomic profiles with 575 downregulated sites and 321 upregulated sites. Interestingly, phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 at position Threonine70 was decreased, which is a crucial downstream of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Further studies showed that glutamine supplementation rescued cell proliferation and mTORC1 activity, dependent on lysosomal function and phospholipase D activation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, glutamine activates mTORC1 signaling dependent on phospholipase D and a functional lysosome to promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. This discovery provides new insight into regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium, particularly in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - En-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu M, Fang Y, Cheng Y, Xu E, Zhang Y, Zhai Z. The Alleviating Effect of Taxifolin on Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Vet Sci 2024; 11:156. [PMID: 38668423 PMCID: PMC11053803 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in feed is a global concern that severely threatens the health of animals and humans. Taxifolin (TA) is a natural flavonoid, a member of the polyphenols, that possesses robust antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TA on DON-induced damage in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The cells were pre-incubated with a series of concentrations of TA for 24 h and exposed to DON (0.5 μg/mL) for another 24 h. The results showed that pretreatment with TA (150 μM) significantly inhibited the DON-induced decline in cell viability (p < 0.05) and cell proliferation (p < 0.01). Additionally, 150 μM TA also alleviated DON-induced apoptosis (p < 0.01). Moreover, TA decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by DON (p < 0.01). In addition, TA attenuated DON-induced cell junction damage (p < 0.05). Further experiments showed that TA reversed the DON-induced reduction in antioxidant capacity in the IPEC-J2 cells, probably via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that 150 μM TA can protect against 0.5 μg/mL DON-induced damage to IPEC-J2 cells, potentially via the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. This study provides insight into TA's potential to act as a green feed additive in the pig farming industry and its efficacy in counteracting DON-induced intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (E.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongxia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (E.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (E.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (E.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (E.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenya Zhai
- Jiangxi Functional Feed Additive Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Biological Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
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Xu E, Vanegas M, Mireles M, Dementyev A, Yücel M, Carp S, Fang Q. Flexible-circuit-based 3-D aware modular optical brain imaging system for high-density measurements in natural settings. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.01.24302838. [PMID: 38496598 PMCID: PMC10942511 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.24302838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents an opportunity to study human brains in everyday activities and environments. However, achieving robust measurements under such dynamic condition remains a significant challenge. Aim The modular optical brain imaging (MOBI) system is designed to enhance optode-to-scalp coupling and provide real-time probe 3-D shape estimation to improve the use of fNIRS in everyday conditions. Approach The MOBI system utilizes bendable and lightweight modular circuit-board design to enhance probe's conformity to head surface and comfort for long-term wearing. Combined with automatic module connection recognition, the built-in orientation sensors on each module can be used to estimate optode 3-D positions in real-time to enable advanced tomographic data analysis and motion tracking. Results Optical characterization of the MOBI detector reports a noise equivalence power (NEP) of 8.9 and 7.3 p W / H z at 735 nm and 850 nm, respectively, with a dynamic range of 88 dB. The 3-D optode shape acquisition yields an average error of 4.2 mm across 25 optodes in a phantom test compared to positions acquired from a digitizer. Results for initial in vivo validations, including a cuff occlusion and a finger-tapping test, are also provided. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, the MOBI system is the first modular fNIRS system featuring fully flexible circuit boards. The self-organizing module sensor network and automatic 3-D optode position acquisition, combined with lightweight modules (18 g/module) and ergonomic designs, would greatly aid emerging explorations towards brain functions in naturalistic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Xu
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA, 02115
| | - Morris Vanegas
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA, 02115
| | - Miguel Mireles
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA, 02115
| | - Artem Dementyev
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Media Lab, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, USA, 02139
| | - Meryem Yücel
- Boston University, Neurophotonics Center, 233 Bay State Road, Boston, USA, 02215
| | - Stefan Carp
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 13th St, Boston, USA, 02129
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Northeastern University, Department of Bioengineering, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA, 02115
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Zhu M, Lu EQ, Fang YX, Liu GW, Cheng YJ, Huang K, Xu E, Zhang YY, Wang XJ. Piceatannol Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Damage in Intestinal Epithelial Cells via Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2024; 29:855. [PMID: 38398607 PMCID: PMC10891758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common mycotoxin that is widely found in various foods and feeds, posing a potential threat to human and animal health. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the natural polyphenol piceatannol (PIC) against DON-induced damage in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that PIC promotes IPEC-J2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it not only significantly relieved DON-induced decreases in cell viability and proliferation but also reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further studies demonstrated that PIC alleviated DON-induced oxidative stress damage by increasing the protein expression levels of the antioxidant factors NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1), peroxiredoxin 3 (PRX3), and glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (GSTα4). In addition, PIC inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-B (NF-κB) pathway, downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) to attenuate DON-induced inflammatory responses, and further mitigated DON-induced cellular intestinal barrier injury by regulating the protein expression of Occludin. These findings indicated that PIC had a significant protective effect against DON-induced damage. This study provides more understanding to support PIC as a feed additive for pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - En-Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong-Xia Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - E Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.-Q.L.); (Y.-X.F.); (G.-W.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (K.H.); (E.X.); (Y.-Y.Z.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Yan L, Fang YX, Lu EQ, Xu E, Zhang YY, Chen X, Zhu M. Extracellular Glutamine Promotes Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cell Proliferation via Arf1-mTORC1 Pathway Independently of Rag GTPases. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:14251-14262. [PMID: 37738360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is the major energy source of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) and plays a critical role in the nutritional physiological function of the intestine. However, the underlying mechanism requires further investigation. Here, the Gln-sensing pathway in IPEC-J2 cells was investigated. The results showed that Gln increased the cell proliferation. Subsequently, an analysis of the phosphorylated proteome revealed that Gln markedly upregulated ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6) phosphorylation at serine 235/236, suggesting that Gln activated the mTORC1 pathway. mTOR inhibition revealed that Gln promotes cell proliferation through the mTORC1 pathway. Similarly, blocking ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) activity indicated that Gln-induced mTORC1 activation promoted cell proliferation in an Arf1-dependent manner. Additionally, the RagA/B pathway did not participate in Gln-induced mTORC1 activation. Collectively, these findings suggest that Gln-induced mTORC1 activation promotes IPEC-J2 cell proliferation via Arf1, not Rag GTPases. These results broaden our understanding of functional-cell-sensing amino acids, particularly Gln, that are regulated by mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong-Xia Fang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - En-Qing Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - E Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi-Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
| | - Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province China
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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8
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Zhu M, Lai W, Yao L, Xu E, Chen X, Zhang YY, Li XG. Glutamine Regulates Gene Expression Profiles to Increase the Proliferation of Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells and the Expansion of Intestinal Stem Cells. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2917. [PMID: 37760316 PMCID: PMC10525449 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is known for its rapid self-renewal, and glutamine is crucial in providing carbon and nitrogen for biosynthesis. However, understanding how glutamine affects gene expression in the intestinal epithelium is limited, and identifying the essential genes and signals involved in regulating intestinal epithelial cell growth is particularly challenging. In this study, glutamine supplementation exhibited a robust acceleration of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and stem cell expansion. RNA sequencing indicated diverse transcriptome changes between the control and glutamine supplementation groups, identifying 925 up-regulated and 1152 down-regulated genes. The up-regulated DEGs were enriched in the KEGG pathway of cell cycle and GO terms of DNA replication initiation, regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, DNA replication, minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM) complex, and ATP binding, whereas the down-regulated DEGs were enriched in the KEGG pathway of p53 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway and GO terms of inflammatory response and intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, GSEA analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of the cell cycle, DNA replication initiation, ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity, and down-regulation of the TNF signaling pathway. The protein-protein association network of the intersecting genes highlighted the significance of DNA replication licensing factors (MCM3, MCM6, and MCM10) in promoting intestinal epithelial growth in response to glutamine. Based on these findings, we propose that glutamine may upregulate DNA replication licensing factors, leading to increased PI3K/Akt signaling and the suppression of TNF, JAK-STAT, and p53 pathways. Consequently, this mechanism results in the proliferation of porcine intestinal epithelial cells and the expansion of intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lewen Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.L.); (L.Y.)
| | - E Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Yi-yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (M.Z.); (E.X.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (W.L.); (L.Y.)
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Vanegas M, Mireles M, Xu E, Yan S, Fang Q. Compact breast shape acquisition system for improving diffuse optical tomography image reconstructions. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:1579-1593. [PMID: 37078036 PMCID: PMC10110328 DOI: 10.1364/boe.481092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) has been investigated for diagnosing malignant breast lesions, but its accuracy relies on model-based image reconstructions, which in turn depends on the accuracy of breast shape acquisition. In this work, we have developed a dual-camera structured light imaging (SLI) breast shape acquisition system tailored for a mammography-like compression setting. Illumination pattern intensity is dynamically adjusted to account for skin tone differences, while thickness-informed pattern masking reduces artifacts due to specular reflections. This compact system is affixed to a rigid mount that can be installed into existing mammography or parallel-plate DOT systems without the need for camera-projector re-calibration. Our SLI system produces sub-millimeter resolution with a mean surface error of 0.26 mm. This breast shape acquisition system results in more accurate surface recovery, with an average 1.6-fold reduction in surface estimation errors over a reference method via contour extrusion. Such improvement translates to 25% to 50% reduction in mean squared error in the recovered absorption coefficient for a series of simulated tumors 1-2 cm below the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morris Vanegas
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miguel Mireles
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shijie Yan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qianqian Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Xiong L, Li D, Yang Y, Ye X, Huang Y, Xu E, Xia C, Yang M, Liu Z, Cui X, Wang F, Huang Y. Tailoring crosslinking networks to fabricate photocurable polyurethane acrylate (PUA) dielectric elastomer with balanced electromechanical performance. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2023.105498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Chong-Wen W, Sha-Sha L, Xu E. Mediating effects of self-esteem on the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level in Chinese adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32103. [PMID: 36626511 PMCID: PMC9750543 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level in Chinese adolescents and to explore the mediating roles of self-esteem between mindful parenting and social anxiety level. A total of 302 adolescents and their main caregivers were investigated by using the Chinese version of the Mindful Parenting Scale, Self-Esteem Scale and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Social Anxiety Scale. Related analysis was used to investigate the relationship between mindful parenting, self-esteem and social anxiety level. Mindful parenting and self-esteem were significantly associated with social anxiety level. Self-esteem mediated the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level. Both mindful discipline and being in the moment influenced adolescents' social anxiety level through self-esteem. Self-esteem completely mediated the association between mindful parenting and social anxiety level. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand the relationship between mindful parenting and social anxiety level in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chong-Wen
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
- * Correspondence: Wu Chong-Wen, No. 759 Erhuan Dong Street, Huzhou city, ZheJiang Province 313000, China (e-mail: )
| | - Li Sha-Sha
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - E Xu
- Department of Nursing, Huzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Liang W, Xu E, Zhao J, Wang M, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Cheng C, Wang G, Zhong C, Liang Z, Chen X, Zheng B, Huang Y, Hu J, Xu L, Xie M, Liang N, Xu S, Liu J, Wei L, Peng Z, Zhang G, Zhang S, Xu S, He J. EP05.02-009 Aumolertinib Versus Erlotinib/Chemotherapy for Neoadjuvant Treatment of Stage IIIA EGFR-mutant NSCLC (ANSWER). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Chong-Wen W, Sha-Sha L, Xu E. Predictors of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in patients with Parkinson’s disease based on random forest and decision tree. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269392. [PMID: 35709163 PMCID: PMC9202951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Sleep disorders related to Parkinson’s disease (PD) have recently attracted increasing attention, but there are few clinical reports on the correlation of Parkinson’s disease patients with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Therefore, this study conducted a cognitive function examination for Parkinson’s disease patients and discussed the application effect of three algorithms in the screening of influencing factors and risk prediction effects. Methods Three algorithms (logistic regression, machine learning-based regression trees and random forest) were used to establish a prediction model for PD-RBD patients, and the application effects of the three algorithms in the screening of influencing factors and the risk prediction of PD-RBD were discussed. Results The subjects included 169 patients with Parkinson’s disease (Parkinson’s disease with RBD [PD-RBD] = 69 subjects; Parkinson’s disease without RBD [PD-nRBD] = 100 subjects). This study compared the predictive performance of RF, decision tree and logistic regression, selected a final model with the best model performance and proposed the importance of variables in the final model. After the analysis, the accuracy of RF (83.05%) was better than that of the other models (decision tree = 75.10%, logistic regression = 71.62%). PQSI, Scopa-AUT score, MoCA score, MMSE score, AGE, LEDD, PD-course, UPDRS total score, ESS score, NMSQ, disease type, RLSRS, HAMD, UPDRS III and PDOnsetage are the main variables for predicting RBD, along with increased weight. Among them, PQSI is the most important factor. The prediction model of Parkinson’s disease RBD that was established in this study will help in screening out predictive factors and in providing a reference for the prognosis and preventive treatment of PD-RBD patients. Conclusions The random forest model had good performance in the prediction and evaluation of PD-RBD influencing factors and was superior to decision tree and traditional logistic regression models in many aspects, which can provide a reference for the prognosis and preventive treatment of PD-RBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chong-Wen
- Department of Medical, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Sha-Sha
- Department of Medical, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - E. Xu
- Department of Medical, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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Lim DZ, Xu E, Yeo M, Dahan A, Tahayori B, Kok HK, Abbasi-Rad M, Maingard J, Kutaiba N, Russell J, Thijs V, Jhamb A, Chandra R, Brooks M, Barras C, Asadi H. Abstract WP93: An Internet Of Things Based Real Time Location System With Machine Learning For Coordination Of Acute Stroke Endovascular Intervention: A Proof-of-concept Study. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1161/str.53.suppl_1.wp93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
The delivery of mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke can be challenging because it requires coordination between patient travel and multiple stroke team members across different locations in the hospital. A Real Time Location System (RTLS) can facilitate a streamlined workflow by determining a patient’s location, but the required infrastructure can be costly to set up. We investigated the feasibility of a machine learning based RTLS using an Internet Of Things (IOT) device prototype to coordinate acute stroke endovascular intervention.
Methods:
In this proof-of-concept study, study investigators programmed an IOT device to collect WiFi signals from different hospital zones relevant to the mechanical thrombectomy workflow. Different machine learning (ML) algorithms were trained on location labelled training WiFi signals to predict location. The accuracies of the different ML algorithms to predict unlabeled testing WiFi signals collected on a separate day were measured, in percentages.
Results:
The training and testing datasets contained 1,179 and 293 samples respectively, with 2,516 and 2,618 unique WiFi signals detected in each dataset. The trained neural network, random forest, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbors, decision tree and ensemble classifiers achieved accuracies of 96.6%, 96.2%, 97.3%, 97.3%, 83.6% and 97.3% on the testing dataset respectively. Additionally, the neural network model produced estimates of uncertainty, which were significantly associated with the correctness of predictions based on logistic regression analysis (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
An IOT based real time location system with machine learning can accurately predict locations within the hospital, demonstrating immense potential for the future applications of streamlining delivery of acute stroke endovascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Zhen Lim
- Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Xu
- St Vincent Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Yeo
- Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ariel Dahan
- Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bahman Tahayori
- Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Univ of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong Kuan Kok
- Radiology, Northern Health, Epping, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Numan Kutaiba
- Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Russell
- Neurosurgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Stroke, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashu Jhamb
- Radiology, St Vincent Health, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mark Brooks
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christen Barras
- Sch of Medicine, Univ of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hamed Asadi
- Radiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Tang Q, Xu E, Wang Z, Xiao M, Cao S, Hu S, Wu Q, Xiong Y, Jiang Z, Wang F, Yang G, Wang L, Yi H. Dietary Hermetia illucens Larvae Meal Improves Growth Performance and Intestinal Barrier Function of Weaned Pigs Under the Environment of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. Front Nutr 2022; 8:812011. [PMID: 35118109 PMCID: PMC8805673 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.812011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae meal (HI) on the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned pigs. To achieve this, 72 weaned pigs [28-day-old, 8.44 ± 0.04 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: basal diet (negative control, NC), zinc oxide-supplemented diet (positive control, PC), and HI-supplemented diet [100% replacement of fishmeal (FM), HI], for 28 days in the presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The results showed that HI and PC increased (p < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of weaned pigs from day 1 to 14, and decreased diarrhea incidence from day 1 to 28. Additionally, HI increased (p < 0.05) claudin-1, occludin, mucin-1 (MUC-1), and MUC-2 expression, goblet cell number, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration in the intestine of weaned pigs. Compared with NC, HI downregulated (p < 0.05) interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-8 expression, and upregulated IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), antimicrobial peptide [porcine β defensin 1 (pBD1), pBD2, protegrin 1-5 (PG1-5)] expression in the jejunum or ileum. Moreover, HI decreased (p < 0.05) toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK) expression, and increased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression in the ileum. Additionally, HI increased histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression and acetylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (acH3k27) in the ileum. Furthermore, HI positively influenced the intestinal microbiota composition and diversity of weaned pigs and increased (p < 0.05) butyrate and valerate concentrations. Overall, dietary HI improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function, as well as regulated histone acetylation and TLR2-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - E. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Guangzhou AnRuiJie Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Geling Yang
- Guangzhou AnRuiJie Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Li Wang
| | - Hongbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Yi
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Hauser BM, Hoffman SE, Gupta S, Zaki MM, Xu E, Chua M, Bernstock JD, Khawaja A, Smith TR, Proctor MR, Zaidi HA. Association of venous thromboembolism following pediatric traumatic spinal injuries with injury severity and longer hospital stays. J Neurosurg Spine 2022; 36:153-159. [PMID: 34534962 PMCID: PMC9050628 DOI: 10.3171/2021.3.spine201981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous thromboembolism (VTE) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, and may disproportionately occur in patients with limited mobility following spinal trauma. The authors aimed to characterize the epidemiology and clinical predictors of VTE in pediatric patients following traumatic spinal injuries (TSIs). METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of children who experienced TSI, including spinal fractures and spinal cord injuries, encoded within the National Trauma Data Bank from 2011 to 2014. RESULTS Of the 22,752 pediatric patients with TSI, 192 (0.8%) experienced VTE during initial hospitalization. Proportionally, more patients in the VTE group (77%) than in the non-VTE group (68%) presented following a motor vehicle accident. Patients developing VTE had greater odds of presenting with moderate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-4.8) or severe Glasgow Coma Scale scores (aOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.0-6.1), epidural hematoma (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4-5.7), and concomitant abdominal (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8-3.3) and/or lower extremity (aOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0) injuries. They also had greater odds of being obese (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.5). Neither cervical, thoracic, nor lumbar spine injuries were significantly associated with VTE. However, involvement of more than one spinal level was predictive of VTE (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7). Spinal cord injury at any level was also significantly associated with developing VTE (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.5). Patients with VTE stayed in the hospital an adjusted average of 19 days longer than non-VTE patients. They also had greater odds of discharge to a rehabilitative facility or home with rehabilitative services (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.8-3.6). CONCLUSIONS VTE occurs in a low percentage of hospitalized pediatric patients with TSI. Injury severity is broadly associated with increased odds of developing VTE; specific risk factors include concomitant injuries such as cranial epidural hematoma, spinal cord injury, and lower extremity injury. Patients with VTE also require hospital-based and rehabilitative care at greater rates than other patients with TSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake M. Hauser
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha E. Hoffman
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark M. Zaki
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Edward Xu
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Melissa Chua
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ayaz Khawaja
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mark R. Proctor
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Hasan A. Zaidi
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Yang T, Chen BX, Lu R, An X, Zang M, Li J, Guo S, Qian W, Fei J, Hao T, Xu E, Li H. Abstract P103: The introduction of a single strain of Bacillus into a germ-free environment did not impact the anti-PD-1 efficacy in a MC38 syngeneic model. Mol Cancer Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-21-p103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Although immunotherapy has led to exceptional and durable clinical response, the majority of patients respond poorly to the current immunotherapies. Growing evidence has linked some of the poor responsiveness to the gut microbiota, and the modulation of gut microbiome composition is becoming a promising new strategy to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment outcome. Mouse tumor modelling under germ-free (GF) conditions combined with introduction of defined bacterial strains could be a useful approach to investigate the impact of microbiota on ICI efficacy, as well as understanding the underlying mechanisms. We previously demonstrated that GF mice exhibited a significantly poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy when compared to the specific pathogen free (SPF) mice in a subcutaneous MC38 colorectal cancer model, which is consistent with other reports. Methods. Introduction of a single strain of Bacillus in the GF-environment was assessed for its impact on the anti-mouse PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy in GF-mice and SPF mice, both for efficacy and pharmacodynamics tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) profiling. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated subcutaneously with MC38 tumor cells and when the tumors were reached 80-120mm3, the mice were randomized for isotype or anti-PD-1 mAb treatment. Fecal sample 16S rRNA analysis (NGS) was used to confirm the gut bacteria status. Results. The MC38 tumor in GF mice has significantly fast baseline growth kinetics, even with the introduction of Bacillus under GF conditions compared to SPF mice, suggesting tumor immunity was not enhanced by Bacillus. Despite the introduction of Bacillus, GF mice also showed reduced response to anti-PD-1 treatment when compared to the SPF mice as previously reported, further confirming that introduction of Bacillus had minimal effects on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, the SPF mice and GF mice with Bacillus exhibited distinct profiles of TILs, consistent with distinct efficacies as observed. GF free mice showed a lower frequency of CD45+ TILs in comparison to SPF mice. In addition, GF mice exhibited lower frequency of CD8+ TILs and TIL- NKT when compared to the SPF mice, both of which are consistent with the stronger efficacy seen in SPF mice. Meanwhile, GF mice also exhibited higher granulocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells (gMDSC) and lower M1/M2 ratio, both of which imply a more suppressive tumor microenvironment in GF mice. Fecal sample analysis using 16S rRNA analysis confirmed a single strain of Bacillus was indeed introduced into the guts of all the GF mice. Conclusions. The GF conditions provide a useful environment for the investigation of specific microbiota strains on the impact on ICI treatment outcome. In summary, the introduction of Bacillus in GF mice did not impact the efficacy of anti-PD-1, thus suggesting that other strain(s) of gut microbiota in SPF mice may impact this and need to be investigated.
Citation Format: Tao Yang, Bonnie Xiaobo Chen, Rongfei Lu, Xiaoyu An, Mingfa Zang, Jingjun Li, Sheng Guo, Wubin Qian, Jian Fei, Tongyang Hao, Edward Xu, Henry Li. The introduction of a single strain of Bacillus into a germ-free environment did not impact the anti-PD-1 efficacy in a MC38 syngeneic model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- 1Crown Biosciences, San Diego, CA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian Fei
- 2Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai, China (Mainland),
| | - Tongyang Hao
- 3GemPharmatech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China (Mainland),
| | - Edward Xu
- 4Cyagen Biosciences Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China (Mainland)
| | - Henry Li
- 1Crown Biosciences, San Diego, CA,
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Xu E, Chen C, Fu J, Zhu L, Shu J, Jin M, Wang Y, Zong X. Dietary fatty acids in gut health: Absorption, metabolism and function. Anim Nutr 2021; 7:1337-1344. [PMID: 34786506 PMCID: PMC8570925 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In biological responses, fatty acids (FA) are absorbed and metabolized in the form of substrates for energy production. The molecular structures (number of double bonds and chain length) and composition of dietary FA impact digestion, absorption and metabolism, and the biological roles of FA. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FA are essentially utilized as an energy source and are signaling molecules that exert physiological activity of gut microbiota and immune responses. In addition, FA could serve as natural ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), also called free fatty acid receptors (FFAR), which intertwine metabolic and immune systems via multiple mechanisms. The present review explores the recent findings on FA absorption and its impact on gut health, particularly addressing the mechanism by which dietary FA potentially influences intestinal microbiota and epithelial functions. Also, this work attempts to uncover research ideas for devising future strategies for manipulating the composition of dietary FA to regulate gut health and support a normal immune system for metabolic and immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Junlan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Aniaml Science, Guizhou University, 550025 Guiyang, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
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Smith A, Dossier C, Xu E. Syndrome néphrotique d’allure idiopathique après l’âge de 10 ans : intérêt de la biopsie rénale systématique au diagnostic. Nephrol Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2021.07.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Xu E, Yang H, Ren M, Wang Y, Xiao M, Tang Q, Zhu M, Xiao Y. Identification of Enterotype and Its Effects on Intestinal Butyrate Production in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030730. [PMID: 33800148 PMCID: PMC7999521 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enterotype (ET) is defined based on different gut microbial community composition. It has been considered as a critical factor strongly associated with the porcine feed efficiency and growth characteristic. However, little is known about whether the ET clustering depends on the pig breeds and the effects of the different enterotypes on the butyrate metabolism in pigs. Therefore, we studied Jinhua pig’s enterotype by using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing, and then analyzed the interaction between enterotype and butyrate production. Results showed that we identified three ETs driven by discriminative genera dominated by Lactobacillus, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Bacteroides, respectively. Significant differences in the fecal contents of butyrate production and butyrate-producing bacteria were observed among ETs. These findings present a first overview of the enterotypes clustering in Jinhua pigs and provide new insights into the relationship between the different ETs and intestinal butyrate production. Abstract Gut microbiota is thought to play a crucial role in nutrient digestion for pigs, especially in processing indigestible polysaccharides in the diets to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, the link between microbiota community structure and phenotypic performances are poorly understood. In the present study, the fecal samples of 105 Jinhua pigs at 105 days of age were clustered into three enterotypes (ETs, ET1, ET2, and ET3) that are subpopulations of distinct bacterial community composition by using 16S rRNA high throughput sequencing. The α-diversity indices (the OTU number and Shannon index) were significantly different among the ETs (p < 0.001). At the genus level, the ET1 group was over-represented by Lactobacillus (17.49%) and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (11.78%), the ET2 group was over-represented by Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (17.49%) and Bifidobacterium (11.78%), and the ET3 group was over-represented by Bacteroides (18.17%). Significant differences in the fecal contents of butyrate were observed among ETs, with the highest level detected in ET3 and the lowest in ET2 (p < 0.05). Consistently, more copies of the terminal genes for butyrate synthesis, butyrate kinase (Buk) and butyryl coenzyme A (CoA): acetate CoA transferase (But) were detected by qPCR in the fecal samples of the ET3 group as compared to other two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, of the two genes, But was demonstrated to be more relevant to the butyrate content (R = 0.7464) than Buk (R = 0.4905) by correlation analysis. In addition, based on the taxonomic analysis, we found that Faecalibacterium was the most relevant butyrate-producing genera with fecal butyrate contents in Jinhua pigs, followed by Butyricicoccus, Eubacterium, Butyricimonas, Blautia, and Anaerostipes, all of which showed significantly higher richness in ET3 than as compared to ET1 and ET2 (p < 0.05). Collectively, this work presents a first overview of the enterotypes clustering in Jinhua pigs and will help to unravel the functional implications of ETs for the pig’s phenotypic performance and nutrient metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.X.); (M.R.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Q.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Minmin Ren
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.X.); (M.R.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Q.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.X.); (M.R.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Q.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingfei Xiao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.X.); (M.R.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Q.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Qingsong Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.X.); (M.R.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Q.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (E.X.); (M.R.); (Y.W.); (M.X.); (Q.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8640-4015; Fax: +86-571-8640-1834
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Zhuang W, Peng L, Ding Y, Xiao H, Tang Y, Xu E, He Z, Ou Z, Zhu Q, Wu H, Gao Z, Huang S, Qiao G. FP04.03 Dynamic Liquid Biopsy for Selecting Advanced NSCLC Patients for Primary Tumor Resection After Targeted Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bappayya S, Chen F, Alderuccio M, Xu E, Vootukuru N, Lee JC. Non-diagnostic sonography may reduce negative appendicectomy rate in women when combined with abbreviated Alvarado score. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:609-615. [PMID: 33475241 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) remains a clinical one, with selective use of adjunct imaging. Patients with equivocal clinical presentation often undergo a diagnostic laparoscopy. To help reduce negative appendicectomy rates in women, we aimed to develop a simple scoring system based on the Alvarado score (AS) and ultrasound scan (US), as a diagnostic aid for AA in females. METHODS All patients who underwent appendicectomy for AA at The Alfred Hospital Melbourne between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2017 were included for this case-control study. Logistic regression was used to identify pre-operative parameters predictive of AA. Histopathological identification of AA was interpreted as the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics V26. RESULTS A total of 1194 patients were included, with 26% negative appendicectomy rate in women. Of the 8 parameters in the AS, logistic regression identified migratory pain, leukocytosis and leukocyte left shift as most significant predictors for AA. These three parameters were used in a 3-point test which carried a sensitivity of 92.1% and specificity of 28.7%. In women, a negative or non-diagnostic US improved the negative predictive value of the 3-point test from 57% to 82%. CONCLUSION The 3-point abbreviated AS in combination with US may be clinically useful in women to exclude appendicitis without diagnostic laparoscopy. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to validate the utility across different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaneel Bappayya
- Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Surgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Discipline of Surgery, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Alderuccio
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward Xu
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikil Vootukuru
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James C Lee
- Department of General Surgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hauser BM, Gupta S, Xu E, Wu K, Bernstock JD, Chua M, Khawaja AM, Smith TR, Dunn IF, Bergmark RW, Bi WL. Impact of insurance on hospital course and readmission after resection of benign meningioma. J Neurooncol 2020; 149:131-140. [PMID: 32654076 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical outcomes and healthcare utilization have been shown to vary based on patient insurance status. We analyzed whether patients' insurance affects case urgency for and readmission after craniotomy for meningioma resection, using benign meningioma as a model system to minimize confounding from the disease-related characteristics of other neurosurgical pathologies. METHODS We analyzed 90-day readmission for patients who underwent resection of a benign meningioma in the Nationwide Readmission Database from 2014-2015. RESULTS A total of 9783 meningioma patients with private insurance (46%), Medicare (39%), Medicaid (10%), self-pay (2%), or another scheme (3%) were analyzed. 72% of all cases were elective; with 78% of cases in privately insured patients being elective compared to 71% of Medicare (p > 0.05), 59% of Medicaid patients (OR 2.3, p < 0.001), and 49% of self-pay patients (OR 3.4, p < 0.001). Medicare (OR 1.5, p = 0.002) and Medicaid (OR 1.4, p = 0.035) were both associated with higher likelihood of 90-day readmission compared to private insurance. In comparison, 30-day analyses did not unveil this discrepancy between Medicaid and privately insured, highlighting the merit for longer-term outcomes analyses in value-based care. Patients readmitted within 30 days versus those with later readmissions possessed different characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Compared to patients with private insurance coverage, Medicaid and self-pay patients were significantly more likely to undergo non-elective resection of benign meningioma. Medicaid and Medicare insurance were associated with a higher likelihood of 90-day readmission; only Medicare was significant at 30 days. Both 30 and 90-day outcomes merit consideration given differences in readmitted populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Edward Xu
- Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kyle Wu
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Melissa Chua
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ayaz M Khawaja
- Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Computational Neurosurgical Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Regan W Bergmark
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wenya Linda Bi
- Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Zhang J, Li Y, Xu E, Jiang L, Tang J, Li M, Zhao X, Chen G, Zhu H, Yu X, Zhang X. Bacterial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 in broiler houses at different broiler growth stages in spring. Pol J Vet Sci 2020; 22:495-504. [PMID: 31560458 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.129957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The welfare and healthy growth of poultry under intensive feeding conditions are closely related to their living environment. In spring, the air quality considerably decreases due to reduced ventilation and aeration in cage systems, which influences the meat quality and health of broilers during normal growth stages. In this study, we analyzed the airborne bacterial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 in cage broiler houses at different broiler growth stages under intensive rearing conditions based on the high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing technique. Our results revealed that PM2.5, PM10 and airborne microbes gradually increased during the broiler growth cycle in poultry houses. Some potential or opportunistic pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Microbacterium, etc., were found in the broiler houses at different growth stages. Our study evaluated variations in the microbial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 and potential opportunistic pathogens during the growth cycle of broilers in poultry houses in the spring. Our findings may provide a basis for developing technologies for air quality control in caged poultry houses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Y Li
- Shandong Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection Institute, No. 68 Huaicun Street, Huaiyin District, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - E Xu
- Shandong Veterinary Drug Quality Inspection Institute, No. 68 Huaicun Street, Huaiyin District, Ji'nan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - L Jiang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - J Tang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - M Li
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhao
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - G Chen
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - H Zhu
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - X Yu
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - X Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ludong University, No. 186 Hongqi Middle Rd, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
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Gupta S, Hauser BM, Zaki MM, Xu E, Cote DJ, Lu Y, Chi JH, Groff M, Khawaja AM, Harris MB, Smith TR, Zaidi HA. Morbidity after traumatic spinal injury in pediatric and adolescent sports-related trauma. J Neurosurg Spine 2019; 32:1-7. [PMID: 31881536 PMCID: PMC7383358 DOI: 10.3171/2019.10.spine19712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sports injuries present a considerable risk of debilitating spinal injury. Here, the authors sought to profile the epidemiology and clinical risk of traumatic spinal injuries (TSIs) in pediatric sports injuries. METHODS The authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of pediatric patients who had experienced a sports-related TSI, including spinal fractures and spinal cord injuries, encoded in the National Trauma Data Bank in the period from 2011 to 2014. RESULTS Included in the analysis were 1723 cases of pediatric sports-related TSI, which represented 3.7% of all pediatric sports-related trauma. The majority of patients with TSI were male (81%), and the median age was 15 years (IQR 13-16 years). TSIs arose most often from cycling accidents (47%) and contact sports (28%). The most frequently fractured regions were the thoracic (30%) and cervical (27%) spine. Among patients with spinal cord involvement (SCI), the cervical spine was involved in 60% of cases.The average length of stay for TSIs was 2 days (IQR 1-5 days), and 32% of the patients required ICU-level care. Relative to other sports-related trauma, TSIs without SCI were associated with an increased adjusted mean length of stay by 1.8 days (95% CI 1.6-2.0 days), as well as the need for ICU-level care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9). Also relative to other sports-related trauma, TSIs with SCI had an increased length of stay by 2.1 days (95% CI 1.8-2.6 days) and the need for ICU-level care (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 2.6-4.8).TSIs without SCI were associated with discharge to or with rehabilitative services (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.5-2.0), as were TSIs with SCI (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 3.2-4.9), both relative to other sports-related trauma. Among the patients with TSIs, predictors of the need for rehabilitation at discharge were having a laminectomy or fusion, concomitant lower-extremity injury, head injury, and thoracic injury. Although TSIs affected 4% of the study cohort, these injuries were present in 8% of patients discharged to or with rehabilitation services and in 17% of those who died in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Traumatic sports-related spinal injuries cause significant morbidity in the pediatric population, especially if the spinal cord is involved. The majority of TSI cases arose from cycling and contact sports accidents, underscoring the need for improving education and safety in these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saksham Gupta
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Blake M. Hauser
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Mark M Zaki
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Edward Xu
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - David J. Cote
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - John H. Chi
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Michael Groff
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Ayaz M. Khawaja
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine/Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Mitchel B. Harris
- Department of Orthopedics/Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
| | - Hasan A. Zaidi
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery/Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Boston/MA/USA
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Xu E, Zhang L, Yang H, Shen L, Feng Y, Ren M, Xiao Y. Transcriptome profiling of the liver among the prenatal and postnatal stages in chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:7030-7040. [PMID: 31376353 PMCID: PMC8913967 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an important organ that has pivotal functions in the synthesis of several vital proteins, the metabolism of various biologically useful materials, the detoxification of toxic substances, and immune defense. Most liver functions are not mature at a young age and many changes happen during postnatal liver development, which lead to differential functions of the liver at different developmental stages. However, the transcriptome details of what changes occur in the liver after birth and the molecular mechanisms for the regulation of the developmental process are not clearly known in chickens. Here, we used RNA-sequencing to analyze the transcriptome of chicken liver from the prenatal (at an embryonic day of 13) to the postnatal stages (at 5 wk and 42 wk of age). A total of approximately 161.17 Gb of raw data were obtained, with 4,127 putative and 539 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and with 13,949 putative and 6,370 differentially expressed mRNAs. Coexpression of lncRNAs-mRNAs in hepatic transcriptome analysis showed that the liver plays important roles in providing energy for organisms through the mitochondrial respiratory chain in chickens, meanwhile, acting as a crucial part of antioxidant stress. The developmental transcriptome date revealed that antioxidant defenses are likely to act on chicken embryo development and that significant functional changes during postnatal liver development are associated with the liver maturation of chickens. These results provide a timeline for the functional transcriptome transition from the prenatal to adult stages in chickens and will be helpful to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Xu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Lulu Shen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Institute of animal husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Haerbing 161601, China
| | - Minmin Ren
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Corresponding author
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Hauser BM, Gupta S, Cote DJ, Zaki MM, Xu E, Khawaja AM, Lu Y, Groff MW, Smith TR, Zaidi HA. Traumatic Spinal Injuries Cause Disproportionate Morbidity in Sports-Related Pediatric Trauma. Neurosurgery 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz310_346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Xu E, Delpey JG, Finel E, Pennanéach A. Ductus arteriosus aneurysm: Case report and review of the literature. Arch Pediatr 2018; 25:283-285. [PMID: 29656824 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an infant boy born at 39 weeks and 5 days who presented a cleft lip and palate. During the assessment to detect associated malformations, cardiac auscultation revealed a systolic heart murmur. Echocardiography and subsequent thoracic computed tomography angiography identified an aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus. Ductus arteriosus aneurysm, a complicated form of patent ductus arteriosus, may not be as rare as once considered. A clear majority of ductus arteriosus aneurysms are asymptomatic and physiologically resolve after birth. Nevertheless, severe complications can occur, primarily during the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xu
- Department of radiology, university hospital Cavale-Blanche, boulevard Tanguy-Prigent, 29200 Brest, France; Department of radiology, hospital Laennec, 14, bis avenue Yves-Thépot, 29000 Quimper, France.
| | - J-G Delpey
- Department of pediatry, university hospital Morvan, 2, avenue Maréchal-Foch, 29200 Brest, France
| | - E Finel
- Department of pediatry, hospital Laennec, 14, bis avenue Yves-Thépot, 29000 Quimper, France
| | - A Pennanéach
- Department of radiology, hospital Laennec, 14, bis avenue Yves-Thépot, 29000 Quimper, France
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Nagarajan R, Carpenter CL, Lee CC, Michael N, Sarma MK, Souza R, Xu E, Velan SS, Hahn TJ, Go VL, Thomas MA. Assessment of Lipid and Metabolite Changes in Obese Calf Muscle Using Multi-Echo Echo-planar Correlated Spectroscopic Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17338. [PMID: 29229948 PMCID: PMC5725420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related conditions including heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes are leading causes of preventable death. Recent evidence suggests that altered myocellular lipid metabolism in obesity may lead to increased insulin resistance (IR) that predisposes to these disorders. To test the hypothesis that muscles rich in type I vs. type II muscle fibers would exhibit similar changes in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) and extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) content in obesity, we utilized a new four-dimensional multi echo echo-planar correlated spectroscopic imaging technique that allows separate determination of IMCL and EMCL content in individual calf muscles in obese vs. normal healthy human subjects. Calf muscles were scanned in 32 obese and 11 healthy subjects using a 3T MRI/MRS scanner, and IR in the obese subjects was documented by glucose tolerance testing. In obese subjects, elevation of both IMCL and EMCL content was observed in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles (with mixed type I and II fiber content), while a significant increase in only IMCL content (+48%, p < 0.001) was observed in the soleus muscle (predominantly type I fibers). These observations indicate unexpected differences in changes in myolipid metabolism in type I vs. type II rich muscle regions in obesity, perhaps related to IR, and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakumar Nagarajan
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Catherine L Carpenter
- UCLA Schools of Nursing, Medicine, and Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cathy C Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Sarma
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raissa Souza
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edward Xu
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Physiology & Medicine, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theodore J Hahn
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vay-Liang Go
- UCLA Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - M Albert Thomas
- Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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Yu L, Zhou L, Xu E, Bi Y, Hu X, Pei X, Jin G. Levothyroxine monotherapy versus levothyroxine and selenium combination therapy in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1243-1250. [PMID: 28534148 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE New strategies are needed for prevention and treatment of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). This study aimed to assess whether combination of levothyroxine treatment and selenium (Se) supplementation results in improved therapeutic effects in CLT compared with levothyroxine monotherapy. METHODS An open-label, randomized controlled study was performed in 60 CLT patients assigned to two groups. Levothyroxine group (LT) patients (n = 24) received levothyroxine alone for 3 months; meanwhile, the combination (LTSS) group (n = 36) was administered levothyroxine with selenium yeast capsule. Blood selenium concentrations, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) antibody levels, and inflammatory cytokine amounts were compared between both groups before and after treatment. RESULTS At baseline, similar values were obtained in both groups for all the parameters assessed (p > 0.05). After treatment, significantly increased blood selenium levels (µg/L) [90.05 (80.69, 107.76) vs. 39.64 (29.42, 51.10), p < 0.001] and decreased anti-TPO antibody (23.63 ± 9.31 vs. 32.00 ± 10.41%, p = 0.002), anti-Tg antibody (35.84 ± 15.21 vs. 45.47 ± 14.24%, p = 0.015) and IL-2 amounts (pg/mL) [159.29 (124.54, 189.70) vs. 226.48 (190.74, 266.56), p < 0.001] were observed in the LTSS group compared with the LT group post-treatment; meanwhile, similar IL-10 concentrations [23.14 (21.65, 28.56) pg/mL vs. 24.68 (21.71, 29.67) pg/mL] were obtained in both groups. Subgroup analysis of patients with hypothyroidism showed the same trend observed in the whole population; in patients with normal thyroid function, only Se and IL-2 amounts differed between the two treatment groups. Correlation analysis of of the indexes: in HT patients, the basal serum selenium concentration was positively correlated with TT4 (r = 0.294, p < 0.05), significantly negatively correlated with TSH (r = -0.343, p < 0.01), and had no significant correlation with TT3 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that levothyroxine and selenium combination results in improved therapeutic effects than the levothyroxine monotherapy in preventing CLT progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - E Xu
- Room of Physical Diagnostics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, Anhui, China
| | - Y Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - X Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - X Pei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China
| | - G Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, Anhui, China.
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Sato S, Heeley E, Arima H, Delcourt C, Hirakawa Y, Pamidimukkala V, Li Z, Tao Q, Xu Y, Hennerici MG, Robinson T, Tzourio C, Lindley RI, Chalmers J, Anderson CS, Anderson CS, Huang Y, Wang JG, Arima H, Neal B, Peng B, Heeley E, Skulina C, Parsons MW, Kim JS, Tao QL, Li YC, Jiang JD, Tai LW, Zhang LJ, Xu E, Cheng Y, Heritier S, Morgenstern LB, Chalmers J. Higher mortality in patients with right hemispheric intracerebral haemorrhage: INTERACT1 and 2. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:1319-23. [PMID: 25589782 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Controversy exists over the prognostic significance of the affected hemisphere in stroke. We aimed to determine the relationship between laterality of acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and poor clinical outcomes. METHODS A subsidiary analysis of the INTERACT Pilot and INTERACT2 studies--randomised controlled trials of patients with spontaneous acute ICH with elevated systolic blood pressure (BP), randomly assigned to intensive (target systolic BP <140 mm Hg) or guideline-based (<180 mm Hg) BP management. Outcomes were the combined and separate end points of death and major disability (modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores of 3-6, 6 and 3-5, respectively) at 90 days. RESULTS A total of 2708 patients had supratentorial/hemispheric ICH and information on mRS at 90 days. Patients with right hemispheric ICH (1327, 49%) had a higher risk of death at 90 days compared to those with left hemispheric ICH after adjustment for potential confounding variables (OR, 1.77 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.37)). There were no differences between patients with right and left hemispheric ICH regarding the combined end point of death or major disability or major disability in the multivariable-adjusted models (1.07 (0.89 to 1.29) and 0.85 (0.72 to 1.01), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Right hemispheric lesion was associated with increased risk of death in patients with acute ICH. The laterality of the ICH does not appear to affect the level of disability in survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00226096 and NCT00716079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Sato
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Heeley
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Candice Delcourt
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Zhendong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingling Tao
- Department of Neurology, Chang Ning District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang 260 Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Michael G Hennerici
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg UMM Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thompson Robinson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Richard I Lindley
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Chalmers
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig S Anderson
- The George Institute for Global Health, the University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhang M, Xu E, Zhang J, Chen X. PPM1D phosphatase, a target of p53 and RBM38 RNA-binding protein, inhibits p53 mRNA translation via dephosphorylation of RBM38. Oncogene 2015; 34:5900-11. [PMID: 25823026 PMCID: PMC4589422 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PPM1D phosphatase, also called wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), promotes tumor development by inactivating the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. RBM38 RNA-binding protein, also called RNPC1 and a target of p53, inhibits p53 mRNA translation, which can be reversed by GSK3 protein kinase via phosphorylation of RBM38 at serine 195. Here we showed that ectopic expression of RBM38 increases, whereas knockdown of RBM38 inhibits, PPM1D mRNA translation. Consistent with this, we found that RBM38 directly binds to PPM1D 3' untranslated region (3’UTR) and promotes expression of a heterologous reporter gene that carries PPM1D 3’UTR in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, we showed that PPM1D directly interacts with and dephosphorylates RBM38 at serine 195. Furthermore, we showed that PPM1D modulates p53 mRNA translation and p53-dependent growth suppression through dephosphorylation of RBM38. These findings provide evidence that the crosstalk between PPM1D and RBM38, both of which are targets and modulators of p53, plays a critical role in p53 expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - E Xu
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - X Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Abstract
Mutation of the p53 gene is the most common genetic alteration in human cancer and contributes to malignant process by enhancing transformed properties of cells and resistance to anticancer therapy. Mutant p53 is often highly expressed in tumor cells at least, in part, due to its increased half-life. However, whether mutant p53 expression is regulated by other mechanisms in tumors is unclear. Here we found that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors suppress both wild-type and mutant p53 transcription in time- and dose-dependent manners. Consistent with this, the levels of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins are decreased upon treatment with HDAC inhibitors. Importantly, we found that upon knockdown of each class I HDAC, only HDAC8 knockdown leads to decreased expression of wild-type and mutant p53 proteins and transcripts. Conversely, we found that ectopic expression of wild-type, but not mutant HDAC8, leads to increased transcription of p53. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of HDAC8 results in reduced expression of HoxA5 and consequently, attenuated ability of HoxA5 to activate p53 transcription, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of HoxA5. Because of the fact that HDAC8 is required for expression of both wild-type and mutant p53, we found that targeted disruption of HDAC8 expression remarkably triggers proliferative defect in cells with a mutant, but not wild-type, p53. Together, our data uncover a regulatory mechanism of mutant p53 transcription via HDAC8 and suggest that HDAC inhibitors and especially HDAC8-targeting agents might be explored as an adjuvant for tumors carrying a mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Yan
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Chen X, Xu E, Zhang J. 255 The RNA-binding Protein RNPC1 Regulates Mdm2 Expression Via mRNA Stability. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Arima H, Wang JG, Huang Y, Heeley E, Skulina C, Parsons MW, Peng B, Li Q, Su S, Tao QL, Li YC, Jiang JD, Tai LW, Zhang JL, Xu E, Cheng Y, Morgenstern LB, Chalmers J, Anderson CS. Significance of perihematomal edema in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: the INTERACT trial. Neurology 2009; 73:1963-8. [PMID: 19996072 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c55ed3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty surrounds the effects of cerebral edema on outcomes in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS We used data from the INTERACT trial to determine the predictors and prognostic significance of "perihematomal" edema over 72 hours after ICH. INTERACT included 404 patients with CT-confirmed ICH and elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) (150-220 mm Hg) who had the capacity to commence BP lowering treatment within 6 hours of ICH. Baseline and repeat CT (24 and 72 hours) were performed using standardized techniques, with digital images analyzed centrally. Predictors of growth in edema were determined using generalized estimating equations, and its effects on clinical outcomes were estimated using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Overall, 270 patients had 3 sequential CT scans available for analyses. At baseline, there was a highly significant correlation between hematoma and perihematomal edema volumes (r(2) = 0.45). Lower systolic BP and baseline hematoma volume were independently associated with absolute increase in perihematomal edema volume. History of hypertension, baseline hematoma volume, and earlier time from onset to CT were independently associated with relative increase in edema volume. Both absolute and relative increases in perihematomal edema growth were significantly associated with death or dependency at 90 days after adjustment for age, gender, and randomized treatment, but not when additionally adjusted for baseline hematoma volume. CONCLUSIONS The degree of, and growth in, perihematomal edema are strongly related to the size of the underlying hematoma of acute intracerebral hemorrhage, and do not appear to have a major independent effect in determining the outcome from this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Arima
- The George Institute for International Health, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Iwamoto J, Matsumoto H, Takeda T, Sato Y, Xu E, Yeh JK. Effects of alendronate and alfacalcidol on the femoral bone mass and bone strength in orchidectomized rats. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2008; 51:331-337. [PMID: 19280876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of alendronate (ALN) and alfacalcidol (ALF) on the femoral bone mass and bone strength in orchidectomized rats and to clarify the skeletal benefits of combined administration of ALN and ALF. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months of age, were randomized by the stratified weight method into five groups: the age-matched control (CON), orchidectomy (ORX), ORX + ALN (2.5 microg/kg, s.c., 5 times a week), ORX + ALF (0.1 microg/kg, p.o., 5 times a week), and ORX + ALN + ALF groups. After 12 weeks of feeding, the femoral distal metaphysis and mid-diaphysis were processed for peripheral quantitative tomographic analysis and biomechanical testing. In the femoral distal metaphysis, ALN prevented the ORX-induced reduction in the trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and breaking energy, and ALF prevented the ORX-induced reduction in the trabecular vBMD and increased the breaking energy to values above those observed in the CON group. Both ALN and ALF increased the maximum load to values above those observed in the ORX group. The improvements in parameters described above were more pronounced when ALN and ALF were administered in combination. In the femoral mid-diaphysis, on the other hand, ALN did not significantly affect the cortical bone parameters, whereas ALF increased the cortical area and maximum load to values above those observed in the ORX group. Furthermore, no apparent benefit of combined administration of ALN and ALF was observed. These findings suggest differential effects of ALN and ALF on femoral bone mass and the beneficial effects of combined administration of ALN and ALF on the trabecular bone of the femur in ORX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Iwamoto
- Department of Sports Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Zhang N, Gyulkhandanyan AV, Xu E, Gaisano HY, Wheeler MB, Wang Q. Presence of functional hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in clonal alpha cell lines and rat islet alpha cells. Diabetologia 2008; 51:2290-8. [PMID: 18850083 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, discovered initially in cardiac and neuronal cells, mediate the inward pacemaker current (I (f) or I (h)). Recently, we have demonstrated the presence of HCN channels in pancreatic beta cells. Here, we aim to examine the presence and function of HCN channels in glucagon-secreting alpha cells. METHODS RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to examine the presence of HCN channels in alpha cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp, calcium imaging and glucagon secretion experiments were performed to explore the function of HCN channels in alpha cells. RESULTS HCN transcripts and proteins were detected in alpha-TC6 cells and dispersed rat alpha cells. Patch-clamp recording showed hyperpolarisation-activated currents in alpha-TC6 cells, which could be blocked by HCN channel inhibitor ZD7288. Glucagon secretion RIA studies demonstrated that at both low and high glucose concentrations (2 and 20 mmol/l), ZD7288 significantly enhanced glucagon secretion in alpha-TC6 and IN-R1-G9 cell lines. Conversely, activation of HCN channels by lamotrigine significantly suppressed glucagon secretion at the low glucose concentration. Calcium imaging studies showed that blockade of HCN channels by ZD7288 significantly increased intracellular calcium in alpha-TC6 cells, while lamotrigine or the Na(+) channel blocker tetrodotoxin suppressed the effect of ZD7288 on intracellular calcium. Furthermore, we found the HCN channel inhibitors ZD7288 and cilobradine both significantly increased glucagon secretion from rat islets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest a potential role for HCN channels in regulation of glucagon secretion via modulating Ca(2+) and Na(+) channel activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Xu E, Li W, Zhan L, Guan G, Wang X, Chen S, Shi Y. Polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene are associated with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in the Chinese. Neuroscience 2008; 155:403-8. [PMID: 18590804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which plays an essential role in plasma lipoprotein metabolism and transportation, appears to be a risk factor for ischemic vascular diseases. Several studies have recently reported the presence of relationship between HindIII, PvuII, Ser447Ter (C-->G) polymorphisms of LPL and ischemic vascular diseases. PURPOSE We first studied the relationship between LPL polymorphisms and the risk of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction (CI) by detecting the frequencies of LPL HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter genotypes and combined genotypes in the Chinese. METHODS We recruited 185 CI patients, confirmed by cranial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging/angiography, or both, and 186 control subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms technique was used to detect HindIII, PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms of the LPL gene. RESULTS The frequencies of the H+H+ genotype and H+ allele did not differ between CI and control groups. The frequencies of the P+P+ genotype and P+ allele gene were significantly higher in the CI group (P=0.040, P=0.015). The frequencies of CG+GG genotype and G allele were lower in the CI group (P<0.001, P<0.001). In the CI group, the individuals with P+P+ genotype had a significantly higher level of plasma triglyceride (TG) and a lower level of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). CG+GG genotypes were correlated with significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the CI group. The frequencies of H+/C and P+/C combined genotypes were higher in the CI group than in controls (P<0.001, P<0.001). The frequency of H+/P+/C combined genotype was significantly higher in the CI group than in controls (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PvuII and Ser447Ter polymorphisms are associated with lipid profile and CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, 250 Changgang Dong RD, Guangzhou 510260, PR China.
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Zhang N, Kumar M, Xu G, Ju W, Yoon T, Xu E, Huang X, Gaisano H, Peng C, Wang Q. Activin receptor-like kinase 7 induces apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells and beta cell lines. Diabetologia 2006; 49:506-18. [PMID: 16440210 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), a member of the type I receptor serine/threonine kinases of the TGF-beta superfamily, was recently reported to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. We hypothesised that ALK7 may play a role in modulating pancreatic beta cell proliferation and/or apoptosis. METHODS We detected ALK7 expression in beta cells using RT-PCR, immunostaining and western blotting. Constitutively active, dominant negative or wild-type ALK7 was introduced into beta cells using adenoviral delivery. Proliferation was assessed using (3)H-thymidine incorporation and apoptosis was quantified using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labelling detection, DNA degradation analysis and caspase-3 assays. RESULTS Induction of constitutively active ALK7 in beta cells resulted in growth inhibition and enhanced apoptosis; no effect was seen with INS-1 cells expressing wild-type or dominant negative ALK7. Elevated glucose concentrations and fatty acid (palmitate) markedly increased expression levels of ALK7 transcripts and proteins in INS-1 and rat islets and increased beta cell apoptosis. Activation of ALK7 increased Smad2 phosphorylation, reduced protein kinase B (Akt) kinase activity and was associated with increased levels of the bioactive forms of caspase-3, whereas co-expression of constitutively active ALK7 with dominant negative Smad2 or constitutively active Akt significantly diminished ALK7-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Although overexpression of constitutively active Akt significantly reduced ALK7-induced growth inhibition and ALK7-enhanced beta cell apoptosis, ALK7-stimulated Smad2 phosphorylation was not affected. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results suggest that the pancreatic beta cell apoptosis induced by ALK7 activation occurs via the activation of two distinct downstream pathways: the suppression of Akt activation and the activation of the Smad2-caspase-3 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Room 7005, M5B 1W8 Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wang Q, Li L, Xu E, Wong V, Rhodes C, Brubaker PL. Glucagon-like peptide-1 regulates proliferation and apoptosis via activation of protein kinase B in pancreatic INS-1 beta cells. Diabetologia 2004; 47:478-487. [PMID: 14762654 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2003] [Revised: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 augments islet cell mass in vivo by increasing proliferation and decreasing apoptosis of the beta cells. However, the signalling pathways that mediate these effects are mostly unknown. Using a clonal rat pancreatic beta cell line (INS-1), we examined the role of protein kinase B in mediating beta-cell growth and survival stimulated by glucagon-like peptide-1. METHODS Immunoblot analysis was used to detect active (phospho-) and total protein kinase B. Proliferation was assessed using (3)H-thymidine incorporation, while apoptosis was quantitated using 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and APO percentage apoptosis assay. Kinase-dead and wild-type protein kinase B was introduced into cells using adenoviral vectors. RESULTS Glucagon-like peptide-1 rapidly activated protein kinase B in INS-1 cells (by 2.7+/-0.7-fold, p<0.05). This effect was completely abrogated by inhibition, with wortmannin, of the upstream activator of protein kinase B, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. Glucagon-like peptide-1 also stimulated INS-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (by 1.8+/-0.5-fold at 10(-7) mol/l, p<0.01), and inhibited staurosporine-induced apoptosis (by 69+/-12%, p<0.05). Both of these effects were also prevented by wortmannin treatment. Ablation of protein kinase B by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of the kinase-dead form of protein kinase Balpha prevented protein kinase B phosphorylation and completely abrogated both cellular proliferation ( p<0.05) and protection from drug-induced cellular death ( p<0.01) induced by glucagon-like peptide-1. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results identify protein kinase B as an essential mediator linking the glucagon-like peptide-1 signal to the intracellular machinery that modulates beta-cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Xu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Wong
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Rhodes
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - P L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Room 3366, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Xu E. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: structural insight into ligand-mediated regulation. Acta Crystallogr A 2002. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767302093029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Xu E, Xu Z, Shao J, Wang Z, Xia Z, Guo Y. [Application of CT virtual bronchoscope in foreign-body in children's bronchus]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:403-4. [PMID: 12541889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical application of CT virtual bronchoscope in foreign-body in bonchus. METHOD The CT virtual bronchoscope were used in 21 cases with foreign-body in bronchus, all the images and reports were compared with the actual bronchoscopy. RESULT The reports and images of CT virtual bronchoscope are very agreed with that of actual bronchoscopy. CONCLUSION CT virtual bronchoscope is a very good complemental method in preoperative diagnosis of foreign-body in bronchus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan 430016
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Lin Z, Chen S, Zheng S, Xu E. [Atypical pheochromocytoma]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1999; 37:674-6. [PMID: 11829924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To improve the diagnosis and treatment of atypical pheochromocytoma. METHODS 51 cases of pheochromocytoma were treated from July 1985 to August 1998. RESULTS Of the 51 cases, 19 were atypical, and were characterized by silent tumor, pheochromocytoma in pregnancy, bilateral tumor, extraadrenal tumor, malignant tumor, and recurrent tumor. Open operation was performed for all kinds of cases in accordance with their special characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Surgical extirpation is the only means for the treatment of atypical pheochromocytoma and meticulous perioperative management is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lin
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001
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Chen S, Lin Z, Xu E. [Long-term results of intravesical N-CWS instillation to prevent recurrence after surgery for bladder cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1997; 19:228-30. [PMID: 10920905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long term results of intravesical nocardia rubre cell wall skeleton instillation to prevent recurrence after surgery for bladder cancer. METHODS A randomized and placedo-controlled trial on intravesical N-CWS instillation versus mitomycin-C(MMC) therapy for recurrence prevention in postopenative bladder cancer patients was carried out. RESULTS Fourty-five patients were treated with N-CWS with 39 followed for 12 to 60 months. Thirteen patients developed recurrence. The 1-year tumor free survival rate was 87.2% and that at 5 years was 66.7%. Thirty patients as treated with MMC serving as controll with 25 followed for the same duration, twelve patients developed recurrence. The 1-year tumor free survival rate was 84% and that at 5 years was 52%. The results indicate that N-CWS gave better results with rare and milder side effects. CONCLUSION N-CWS is believed to be one of the effective drugs in preventing bladder cancer recurrence after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical College, Fuzhou
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Chen S, Lin Z, Ye C, Xu E. Long-term results of intravesical N-CWS therapy for preventing bladder cancer recurrence after operation. Chin Med J (Engl) 1996; 109:890-1. [PMID: 9275378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical College, Fuzhou
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Li S, Zhang C, Xu E. [Evaluation of combined test of sequential fecal occult blood and albumin in the screening of colorectal neoplasms]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1995; 17:381-3. [PMID: 8697982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fecal albumin test was developed and the combined use of sequential occult blood test and albumin test (SA) was evaluated and compared with sequential fecal occult blood test (S) in 365 cases diagnosed clinically and pathologically and in 883 asymptomatic individuals. In the former group, the sensitivity of detection of colorectal cancer was: 50.7% (37/73) with S and 87.7% (64/73) with SA (P < 0.001), and that of the adenoma was: 8.1% (6/74) with S and 36.5% (27/74) with SA (P < 0.001). In the latter group 2 of 3 cancer patients were detected with S while all with SA, and the detection rate of adenoma was: 4.7% (4/85) with S and 42.4% (36/85) with SA (P < 0.001) it is suggested that the additional use of fecal albumin test is of help in detecting precancerous inflammatory bowel lesions without bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Beijing Army General Hospital
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Lin L, Yang F, Ye Z, Xu E, Yang C, Zhang C, Wu D, Nebert DW. Case-control study of cigarette smoking and primary hepatoma in an aflatoxin-endemic region of China: a protective effect. Pharmacogenetics 1991; 1:79-85. [PMID: 1668964 DOI: 10.1097/00008571-199111000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin is believed to be a major causative agent in the high incidence of primary liver cancer seen in certain regions of the world. In Fujian Province, an aflatoxin-endemic region of China, we compared the cigarette smoking habits of 200 primary hepatoma patients with those of 200 matched nonhepatoma controls. We excluded from our study all individuals with evidence of hepatitis B virus serum antigen and/or alcoholic cirrhosis. Interestingly, two groups of hepatoma patients could be discerned. In patients more than 50 years of age, a significantly higher number of cases of primary hepatoma was found among nonsmokers than smokers (odds ratio = 2.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.32-3.20). In patients less than 50 years of age, this difference was not seen. Previous studies in the rat, mouse and duck had suggested that agents present in cigarette smoke might induce a cytochrome P450-mediated detoxication pathway, leading to protection against aflatoxin-induced primary liver cancer. Our clinical data in the present study are therefore consistent with the previous laboratory animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Fujian, China
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Xu E, Hickman AP, Kachru R, Tsuboi T, Helm H. Photoelectron spectroscopy of vibrationally excited H2 (E,F 1 Sigma g+). Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1989; 40:7031-7038. [PMID: 9902115 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.40.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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