1
|
Chooi YC, Zhang QA, Magkos F, Ng M, Michael N, Wu X, Volchanskaya VSB, Lai X, Wanjaya ER, Elejalde U, Goh CC, Yap CPL, Wong LH, Lim KJ, Velan SS, Yaligar J, Muthiah MD, Chong YS, Loo EXL, Eriksson JG. Effect of an Asian-adapted Mediterranean diet and pentadecanoic acid on fatty liver disease: the TANGO randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:788-799. [PMID: 38035997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is the most effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that the Mediterranean diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber have beneficial effects on weight homeostasis and metabolic risk factors in individuals with NAFLD. Studies have also shown that higher circulating concentrations of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) are associated with a lower risk for NAFLD. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of a Mediterranean-like, culturally contextualized Asian diet rich in fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, with or without C15:0 supplementation, in Chinese females with NAFLD. METHODS In a double-blinded, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial, 88 Chinese females with NAFLD were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for 12 wk: diet with C15:0 supplementation (n = 31), diet without C15:0 supplementation (n = 28), or control (habitual diet and no C15:0 supplementation, n = 29). At baseline and after the intervention, body fat percentage, intrahepatic lipid content, muscle and abdominal fat, liver enzymes, cardiometabolic risk factors, and gut microbiome were assessed. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis, weight reductions of 4.0 ± 0.5 kg (5.3%), 3.4 ± 0.5 kg (4.5%), and 1.5 ± 0.5 kg (2.1%) were achieved in the diet-with-C15:0, diet without-C15:0, and the control groups, respectively. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver decreased by 33%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Both diet groups achieved significantly greater reductions in body weight, liver PDFF, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride concentrations compared with the control group. C15:0 supplementation reduced LDL-cholesterol further, and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (deep and superficial), insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure decreased significantly in all groups, in parallel with weight loss. CONCLUSION Mild weight loss induced by a Mediterranean-like diet adapted for Asians has multiple beneficial health effects in females with NAFLD. C15:0 supplementation lowers LDL-cholesterol and may cause beneficial shifts in the gut microbiome. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05259475.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chung Chooi
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
| | - Qinze Arthur Zhang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maisie Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | | | - Xianning Lai
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Elvy Riani Wanjaya
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Untzizu Elejalde
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Chew Chan Goh
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Clara Poh Lian Yap
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - Long Hui Wong
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Junliang Lim
- WIL@NUS Corporate Laboratory, National University of Singapore (NUS), Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Mark Dhinesh Muthiah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Health System, Singapore; National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Paediatrics and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goh CC, Koh KH, Goh S, Koh Y, Tan NC. Achieving triple treatment goals in multi-ethnic Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care. Malays Fam Physician 2018; 13:10-18. [PMID: 30302178 PMCID: PMC6173958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achieving optimal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients mitigates macro- and micro-vascular complications, which is the key treatment goal in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to determine the proportion of patients in an urban community with T2DM and the above modifiable conditions attaining triple vascular treatment goals based on current practice guidelines. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to adult Asian patients with dyslipidemia at two primary care clinics (polyclinics) in northeastern Singapore. The demographic and clinical data for this sub-population with both T2DM and dyslipidemia were collated with laboratory and treatment information retrieved from their electronic health records. The combined data was then analyzed to determine the proportion of patients who attained triple treatment goals, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with this outcome. RESULTS 665 eligible patients [60.5% female, 30.5% Chinese, 35% Malays, and 34.4% Indians] with a mean age of 60.6 years were recruited. Of these patients, 71% achieved LDL-C ≤2.6 mmol/L, 70.4% had BP <l40/90 mmHg, and 40.9% attained HbAlc ≤7%. Overall, 22% achieved the triple treatment goals for glycemia, BP, and LDL-C control. The major determinants were the number of diabetic medications and intensity of statin therapy. CONCLUSION Eight in ten patients with T2DM failed to achieve concurrent glycemic, BP, and LDL-C treatment goals, subjecting them to risks of vascular complications. Primary healthcare professionals can mitigate these risks by optimizing therapeutic treatment to maximize glycemia, dyslipidemia, and BP control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Goh
- B Pharm, SingHealth Polyclinics 167, Jalan Bukit Merah, Tower 5 #15-10, Singapore 150167
| | - K H Koh
- M.Med (Fam Med), MRCS., SingHealth Polyclinics
| | - Scp Goh
- M.Med (Fam Med), FCFPS, SingHealth Polyclinics 167, Jalan Bukit Merah, Tower 5 #15-10, Singapore 150167
| | - Yle Koh
- BSc, SingHealth Polyclinics 167, Jalan Bukit Merah, Tower 5 #15-10, Singapore 150167
| | - N C Tan
- M.Med (Fam Med), FCFPS, SingHealth Polyclinics, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tan NC, Goh CC, Goh SCP, Koh YLE, Koh KH. The effect of the intensity of lipid-lowering medications on the LDL cholesterol treatment goals of Asian patients with dyslipidaemia in primary care. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41:677-683. [PMID: 27641514 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Dyslipidaemia is the key risk factor for arthrosclerosis, leading to myocardial infarctions and strokes. Achieving LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) treatment goals using lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) mitigates such cardiovascular risks. This study aimed to determine the proportions and factors influencing patients with dyslipidaemia on LLT who achieved their recommended LDL-C treatment goals. METHODS Adult Asian patients with dyslipidaemia, aged 31-80 years, were enrolled in a questionnaire survey. Using simplified Framingham risk scores, these patients were classified into low (LR), medium (MR) and high (HR) cardiovascular risk groups. Their lipid-lowering therapy was classified into low-intensity (LI), medium-intensity (MI) and high-intensity (HI) groups according to the 2013 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Blood Cholesterol Guidelines. Data on their demographic, clinical, self-reported attitude and adherence to LLT were correlated with their latest lipid profiles from their electronic health records. These data were analysed using chi-square test, or independent t-test where appropriate for categorical variables and continuous data. Logistic regression was used to identify factors relating to LDL-C goal attainment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Amongst the 917 patients treated with LLT, 60·9% were females and 56·2% aged >60 years. The commonest statins prescribed were simvastatin (77·7%), atorvastatin (15·3%), rosuvastatin (4·3%) and lovastatin (3·4%). Those who attained LDL-C treatment goals included 89·4%, 77·4% and 70% of the LR, MR and HR groups. Overall, 72·4% of the patients achieved LDL-C treatment goals. Despite 98·4% of them self-reported LLT adherence, only 85·5%, 69·5% and 50% of the LI, MI and HI subgroups attained the desired outcomes, respectively. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Overall, 27·6% of patients with dyslipidaemia, including 30% of the HR group, did not achieve LDL-C treatment goals, despite on LLT. Addressing their concerns and adjusting medication doses of their LLT are needed for better outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore. .,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - C C Goh
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S C P Goh
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y L E Koh
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| | - K H Koh
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koong AYL, Koot D, Eng SK, Purani A, Yusoff A, Goh CC, Teo SSH, Tan NC. When the phone rings - factors influencing its impact on the experience of patients and healthcare workers during primary care consultation: a qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract 2015; 16:114. [PMID: 26330170 PMCID: PMC4557219 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-015-0330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background In the primary health care setting, patients interact directly with their healthcare workers (HCW), which include their primary physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Studies have shown that such interactions, when interrupted by phone calls received by either party, can lead to adverse outcomes and negative experiences. There is insufficient data however on the factors affecting the reaction and responses of both patients and HCWs when phone calls occur amidst their interaction. Understanding these factors will allow for the introduction of targeted measures to mitigate the negative impact of such interruptions and improve patient-HCW relationships. This study therefore aims to understand the impact of unplanned phone calls during primary health care consultations on patient–HCW interactions and the factors affecting the patient and the HCW responses. Method This study used focus group discussions (FGD) to gather qualitative data from patients and HCWs who had visited or worked in a major public primary healthcare institution in Singapore. The FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed, audited and analyzed using standard content analysis to identify emergent themes. Results 15 patients and 16 HCWs participated in 5 FGDs. The key themes that emerged from these FGDs were patients’ and HCWs’ attitudes toward professionalism and respect, task and thought interruption, call characteristics, the impact on patient safety and stakeholders’ experiences. Phone calls during consultations answered by either party often resulted in the answering party feeling apologetic and would usually keep the phone conversations short as a sign of respect to the other party. Both stakeholders valued the consultation time and similarly reported negative experiences if the phone-call interruptions became prolonged. Calls from the desk phone answered by HCWs were perceived by most patients to be relevant to healthcare services, with the assumption that HCWs exercised professionalism and would not attend to personal calls during their clinical duties.HCWs expressed their concerns and distress about potential medical errors due to phone-calls interrupting their clinical tasks and thinking processes. However, they acknowledged that these same phone-calls were important to allow clarifications of instructions and improved the safety of other patients. Conclusion Phone interruptions affected patient and HCW interaction during consultations and factors leading to their adverse reactions need to be recognized and addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Y L Koong
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - D Koot
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
| | - S K Eng
- Choa Chu Kang Family clinic, Blk 304, Choa Chu Kang Ave 4 #01-653, Singapore, 680304, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - A Purani
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
| | - A Yusoff
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
| | - C C Goh
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
| | - S S H Teo
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
| | - N C Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teng CL, Zuhanariah MN, Ng CS, Goh CC. Bibliography of clinical research in malaysia: methods and brief results. Med J Malaysia 2014; 69 Suppl A:4-7. [PMID: 25417946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the methodology of this bibliography. A search was conducted on the following: (1) bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and other databases) using search terms that maximize the retrieval of Malaysian publications; (2) Individual journal search of Malaysian healthrelated journals; (3) A targeted search of Google and Google Scholar; (4) Searching of Malaysian institutional repositories; (5) Searching of Ministry of Health and Clinical Research Centre website. The publication years were limited to 2000- 2013. The citations were imported or manually entered into bibliographic software Refworks. After removing duplicates, and correcting data entry errors, PubMed's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were added. Clinical research is coded using the definition "patient-oriented-research or research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin) for which the investigator directly interacts with the human subjects at some point during the study." A bibliography of citations [n=2056] that fit the criteria of clinical research in Malaysia in selected topics within five domains was generated: Cancers [589], Cardiovascular diseases [432], Infections [795], Injuries [142], and Mental Health [582]. This is done by retrieving citations with the appropriate MESH terms, as follow: For cancers (Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms), for cardiovascular diseases (Coronary Disease; Hypertension; Stroke), for infections (Dengue; Enterovirus Infections, HIV Infections; Malaria; Nipah Virus; Tuberculosis), for injuries (Accidents, Occupational; Accidents, Traffic; Child Abuse; Occupational Injuries), for mental health (Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Users; Psychotic Disorders; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Suicidal Ideation; Substance- Related Disorders).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Teng
- International Medical University, Jln Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - M N Zuhanariah
- International Medical University, Jln Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - C S Ng
- International Medical University, Jln Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - C C Goh
- International Medical University, Jln Rasah, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsai MJ, Goh CC, Wan YL, Chang C. Metabolic alterations produced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rat striata and cultured astrocytes: quantitative in vitro 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical characterization. Neuroscience 1997; 79:819-26. [PMID: 9219944 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative high resolution in vitro 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was employed to study the metabolic effects of 3-nitropropionic acid associated with aging from perchloric acid extracts of rat striata. Systemic injection of 3-nitropropionic acid in rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for seven consecutive days significantly impaired energy metabolism in rats one, four and eight months of age, as evidenced by a marked elevation of succinate and lactate levels. However, a significant decrease in N-acetyl-L-aspartate level, a neuronal marker, was observed in four- and eight-month-old rats but not in one-month-old rats. This would indicate that rats at four to eight months are more susceptible to 3-nitropropionic acid than those at one month. A significant decrease in GABA level was observed in four-month-old 3-nitropropionic acid-treated rats, which is consistent with the literature that GABAergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to 3-nitropropionic acid treatment. In addition, glutamine and glutamate levels were markedly decreased at four and eight months in 3-nitropropionic acid-treated rats. Since glutamine is synthesized predominantly in glia, the observation above suggests that 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication may involve perturbation of energy metabolism, glial injury and consequent neuronal damage. Astrocytes which are essential in the metabolism of glutamate and glutamine were used to further assess 3-nitropropionic acid-induced toxicity. Glial proliferation, mitochondrial metabolism and glutamine synthetase activity were all reduced by 3-nitropropionic acid treatment with a concomitant increase, in a dose-dependent manner, of lactate levels, suggesting that 3-nitropropionic acid is also detrimental to astrocytes in vivo and thus may affect metabolic interaction between neurons and glia. These results not only imply that 3-nitropropionic acid blocks energy metabolism prior to exerting neurotoxic damage but also demonstrate that the degree of energy depletion determines the detrimental effects of 3-nitropropionic acid. In the present study, we also demonstrate that glutamate and glutamine levels as well as astrocytic functions may play pivotal roles in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced striatal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|