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Wardani RS, Schellack N, Govender T, Dhulap AN, Utami P, Malve V, Wong YC. Treatment of the common cold with herbs used in Ayurveda and Jamu: monograph review and the science of ginger, liquorice, turmeric and peppermint. Drugs Context 2023; 12:2023-2-12. [PMID: 37342461 PMCID: PMC10278442 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2023-2-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The common cold is typically managed with decongestants, antihistamines, antitussives and antipyretics. In addition to these established medications, herbal ingredients have been used over centuries to help treat common cold symptoms. The Ayurveda and Jamu systems of medicine, originating from India and Indonesia, respectively, have leveraged herbal therapies to treat many illnesses. Method An expert roundtable discussion comprising specialists in Ayurveda, Jamu, pharmacology and surgery along with a literature review was conducted to evaluate the use of four herbs - ginger, liquorice, turmeric and peppermint - for common cold symptom management in Ayurvedic texts, Jamu publications and monographs from the World Health Organization, Health Canada and various European guidelines. Discussion Due to a lack of antivirals, common cold management revolves around maintaining personal hygiene and symptom management. Herbal medicines have been an integral part of many cultures worldwide. Despite its growing acceptance, there is a perception that healthcare providers lack interest and may prevent patients from discussing the use of herbal medicines. Limited education and training may also widen the communication gap between patients and healthcare providers, hindering effective management. Conclusion Evaluation of scientific evidence and the standing in international monographs can offer perspectives on the use of herbal medicines for common cold management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retno S Wardani
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Academic Health System Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Natalie Schellack
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Vinod Malve
- Procter & Gamble Health Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Yong Chiat Wong
- Personal Health Care, Procter & Gamble International Operations SA Singapore Branch, Singapore
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Yu KCH, Wong SSM, Wong YC, Tan CB, Siu JCW, Lau HY, Chan JCX, Tsai CSC, Yu SCH. Procedure Time, Efficacy, and Safety of Portal Vein Embolisation Using a Sheathless Needle-Only Technique Compared with Traditional Technique. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2022. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2217285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- KCH Yu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - SSM Wong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - YC Wong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - JCW Siu
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - HY Lau
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - JCX Chan
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CSC Tsai
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - SCH Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Vascular and Interventional Radiology Foundation Clinical Science Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Leung TP, Lee CH, Chang EWY, Lee QJ, Wong YC. Clinical outcomes of fast-track total knee arthroplasty for patients aged >80 years. Hong Kong Med J 2022; 28:7-15. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj208911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- TP Leung
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CH Lee
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - QJ Lee
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - YC Wong
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong
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Wang DY, Eccles R, Bell J, Chua AH, Salvi S, Schellack N, Marks P, Wong YC. Management of acute upper respiratory tract infection: the role of early intervention. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1517-1523. [PMID: 34613861 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1988569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection by viruses or bacteria of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. Most URTIs are short, mild, and self-limiting, but some can lead to serious complications, resulting in heavy social and economic burden on individuals and society. AREAS COVERED This article presents the management guidelines and consensus established through the Delphi method during an expert roundtable conducted in November 2020 and results of a targeted literature review. EXPERT OPINION The current acute URTI management strategies aim toward symptom alleviation and prevention of URTI virus transmission. The effectiveness of these strategies is highly increased with early intervention, administered prior to the peaking of viral shedding. This reduces the chances of developing a full-blown acute URTI, decreases symptom severity, and reduces viral transmission. Mucoadhesive gel nasal sprays have shown promising results for early intervention of acute URTI. They act by creating a barrier that can trap virus particles, thereby preventing invasion of the mucosa by the virus. Additionally, they deliver broad spectrum activity that is effective against a wide variety of pathogens that cause acute URTI. Acute URTI warrants greater attention and proactive management in reducing its burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ronald Eccles
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - John Bell
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonio Hao Chua
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, St. Luke's Medical Center- Global City, Philippines
| | - Sundeep Salvi
- Department of Clinical Research, Pulmocare Research and Education (Pure) Foundation, India
| | - Natalie Schellack
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paulette Marks
- Personal Health Care, Procter & Gamble South African Trading (Pty) Ltd, South Africa
| | - Yong Chiat Wong
- Personal Health Care, Procter & Gamble International Operations SA Singapore Branch, Singapore
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Wong YC, Chan SY, Yuen KY, Chong LC. Locally invasive and obstructive colonic leiomyosarcoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 26:73-75. [PMID: 32077864 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj197873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wong
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chan
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Yuen
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
| | - L C Chong
- Department of Surgery, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Tseung Kwan O, Hong Kong
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Zhang X, Ling MT, Feng H, Wong YC, Tsao SW, Wang X. Retraction Note to: Id-1 stimulates cell proliferation through activation of EGFR in ovarian cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1748. [PMID: 33723401 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M-T Ling
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H Feng
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S W Tsao
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - X Wang
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C X Chan
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Kwok
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - J K F Ma
- Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
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Wong SK, Che CT, Guo HZ, Ji S, Kim JH, Leung KSY, Lo CK, Richards A, Schaneberg BT, Sudberg; S, Sullivan D, Wang W, Wong YC, Zhang LX, Zheng FY. Determination of Aconitum Alkaloids in Dietary Supplements and Raw Botanical Materials by Liquid Chromatography/UV Detection with Confirmation by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/92.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory study was conducted to evaluate a method for the determination of 3 Aconitum alkaloids, viz., aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine, in raw botanical material and dietary supplements. The alkaloids were extracted with diethyl ether in the presence of ammonia. After cleanup by solid-phase extraction to remove matrix interferences, the alkaloids were determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC)/UV detection at 235 nm with confirmation by LC/tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). A total of 14 blind duplicates were successfully analyzed by 12 collaborators. For repeatability, the relative standard deviation (RSDr) values ranged from 1.9 to 16.7, and for reproducibility, the RSDR values ranged from 6.5 to 33. The HorRat values were all <2 with only one exception at 2.3. All collaborating laboratories had calibration curves with correlation coefficients of >0.998. In addition, 6 collaborators performed the confirmation and were able to verify the identities of the alkaloids by using LC/MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Kay Wong
- Hong Kong Government Laboratory, 88 Chung Hau St, Homantin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chan JCX, Chi MS, Yeung TW, Chan ELY, Ng SH, Wong YC. Acute Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesion Confined to Spinal Cord and Brainstem Mimicking Abscess: A Case Report. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2019. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1917014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JCX Chan
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - MS Chi
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - TW Yeung
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - ELY Chan
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - SH Ng
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - YC Wong
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong
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Fang YY, Lee QJ, Chang EWY, Wong YC. Local infiltration analgesia in primary total knee arthroplasty. Hong Kong Med J 2019; 25:279-86. [PMID: 31395787 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj187756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative pain in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can hinder rehabilitation and cause morbidity. Local infiltration analgesia (LIA), comprising an anaesthetic drug, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and adrenaline, has been introduced to reduce pain and systemic side-effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of LIA in TKA with respect to morphine consumption and postoperative pain score. METHODS This single-centre retrospective cohort study recruited patients with knee osteoarthritis who were scheduled for primary TKA during the period from January 2017 to December 2017. Patients with chronic inflammatory joint disease, contra-indications for LIA, or dementia were excluded. Patients in the LIA group were administered single-dose LIA intra-operatively, while those in the control group were not. Primary outcomes were postoperative pain score, morphine demand, and morphine consumption; secondary outcomes were range of motion, quadriceps power, and postoperative length of stay. RESULTS In total, 136 patients were recruited (68 per group). Total postoperative morphine demand and consumption, as well as pain scores from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 4, were lower in the LIA group than in the control group. The range of motion from POD 1 to POD 4 and quadriceps power on POD 1 were higher in the LIA group than in the control group. Quadriceps power from POD 2 to POD 4 and postoperative length of stay were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS Intra-operative single-dose LIA can effectively reduce postoperative pain, morphine demand, and morphine consumption. Therefore, the use of LIA is recommended during TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - Q J Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - E W Y Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
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Chan JCX, Yeung TW, Lau HY, Tan CB, Wong YC, Siu JCW. Clinical Presentation, Radiological Features, and Treatment Response of Basal Ganglia Germinoma: Case Series. Hong Kong J Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1916929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chang WC, Lee HC, Chan SI, Chiu SY, Lee HM, Chan KW, Wong MC, Chan KL, Yeung WS, Choy LW, Chong SY, Siu MW, Lo TL, Yan WC, Ng MK, Poon LT, Pang PF, Lam WC, Wong YC, Chung WS, Mo YM, Lui SY, Hui LM, Chen EYH. Negative symptom dimensions differentially impact on functioning in individuals at-risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:310-315. [PMID: 29935882 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W C Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - H C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S I Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - H M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K W Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K L Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Yeung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L W Choy
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M W Siu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - T L Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - M K Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, Kowloon Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L T Poon
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - P F Pang
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W C Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W S Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y M Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - E Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chan GCY, Yeung TW, Wong YC. Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Predict Neurological Outcome in Children with Acute Encephalitis. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1616415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wang X, Jin DY, Wong YC, Cheung ALM, Chun ACS, Lo AKF, Liu Y, Tsao SW. Correlation of defective mitotic checkpoint with aberrantly reduced expression of MAD2 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:305. [PMID: 29267852 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Annie L M Cheung
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Abel C S Chun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Angela K F Lo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
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Wang X, Jin DY, Wong YC, Cheung ALM, Chun ACS, Lo AKF, Liu Y, Tsao SW. Corrigendum: Correlation of defective mitotic checkpoint with aberrantly reduced expression of MAD2 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2017; 38:1155. [PMID: 29028969 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Annie L M Cheung
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Abel C S Chun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Angela K F Lo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
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Lo CK, Lee QJ, Wong YC. Predictive factors for length of hospital stay following primary total knee replacement in a total joint replacement centre in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2017; 23:435-40. [PMID: 28775218 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj166113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The demand for total knee replacement in Hong Kong places tremendous economic burden on our health care system. Shortening hospital stay reduces the associated cost. The aim of this study was to identify perioperative predictors of length of hospital stay following primary total knee replacement performed at a high-volume centre in Hong Kong. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all primary total knee replacements performed at Yan Chai Hospital Total Joint Replacement Centre from October 2011 to October 2015. Perioperative factors that might influence length of stay were recorded. RESULTS A total of 1622 patients were identified. The mean length of hospital stay was 6.8 days. Predictors of prolonged hospital stay following primary total knee replacement were advanced age; American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 3; bilateral total knee replacement; in-patient complications; and the need for blood transfusion, postoperative intensive care unit admission, and urinary catheterisation. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating factors that can predict length of hospital stay is the starting point to improve our current practice in joint replacement surgery. Prediction of high-risk patients who will require a longer hospitalisation enables proactive discharge planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Lo
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Q J Lee
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 2000 total knee replacements are performed each year in Hong Kong and more than 10 000 patients are on the waiting list. How safe is total knee replacement, however? The aims of the study were to review the mortality of primary total knee replacement in public hospitals in Hong Kong and to identify risk factors for mortality in a high-volume hospital. METHODS All primary total knee replacements performed in Hospital Authority hospitals and Yan Chai Hospital from October 2011 to September 2014 were reviewed. Case-control analysis was performed for risk factors of total all-cause mortality in total knee replacement at Yan Chai Hospital. RESULTS There were 6588 patients in Hospital Authority hospitals and 1184 in Yan Chai Hospital (1095 unilateral and 89 bilateral total knee replacement). The mean follow-up time of patients in Yan Chai Hospital was 12.8 months. The mortality at 30 days, 90 days and 1 year was 0%, 0.08%, 0.34% for Yan Chai Hospital; and 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.7% for Hospital Authority hospitals, respectively. For Yan Chai Hospital, the mean operation-to-death interval was 21 months (range, 1-35 months). The mean age at death was 78 years and main causes were malignancy (50%) and pneumonia (21%). Predictors of mortality included age at surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3, and preoperative range of motion. Hospital surgery volume, preoperative co-morbidities, and postoperative deep vein thrombosis were not significant factors. CONCLUSIONS Mortality after primary total knee replacement was low in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Patients of older age or poorer general well-being in terms of poor range of motion or American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 should be in optimal health before surgery and counselled about the higher mortality rate. A citywide joint replacement registry may help monitor and analyse postoperative total knee replacement mortality specific to our locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Lee
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - W P Mak
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Joint Replacement Centre, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
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Chan WCS, Tsang JPK, Hon YW, Wong YC. Acute / Subacute Development of Diffuse Left Ventricular Myocardial Calcification in Sepsis Associated with High Mortality. Hong Kong J Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chu PY, Tsang JPK, Wong WY, Chan WCS, Poon WL, Yuen MK, Wong YC. Radiotherapy for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma as a Risk Factor for Extracranial Carotid Stenosis. Is It Also a Risk Factor for Intracranial Arteries? A Retrospective Case-control Study. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1514293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Verma SK, Kan EM, Lu J, Ng KC, Ling EA, Seramani S, Kn BP, Wong YC, Tan MH, Velan SS. Multi-echo susceptibility-weighted imaging and histology of open-field blast-induced traumatic brain injury in a rat model. NMR Biomed 2015; 28:1069-1077. [PMID: 26152641 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury is on the rise, predominantly as a result of the use of improvised explosive devices, resulting in undesirable neuropsychological dysfunctions, as demonstrated in both animals and humans. This study investigated the effect of open-field blast injury on the rat brain using multi-echo, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Multi-echo SWI provided phase maps with better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), making it a sensitive technique for brain injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a survivable blast of 180 kPa. The visibility of blood vessels of varying sizes improved with multi-echo SWI. Reduced signal intensity from major vessels post-blast indicates increased deoxyhaemoglobin. Relative cerebral blood flow was computed from filtered phase SWI images using inferred changes in oxygen saturation from major blood vessels. Cerebral blood flow decreased significantly at day 3 and day 5 post-blast compared with that pre-blast. This was substantiated by the upregulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP), a marker of ischaemia, in the neuronal perikaya of the cerebral cortex, as observed by immunofluorescence, and in the cortical tissue by western blot analysis. Our findings indicate the presence of brain ischaemia in post-blast acute phase of injury with possible recovery subsequently. Our results from cerebrovascular imaging, histology and staining provide an insight into the ischaemic state of the brain post-blast and may be useful for prognosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Enci Mary Kan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Lu
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Chye Ng
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Eng Ang Ling
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sankar Seramani
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Bhanu Prakash Kn
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
| | - Yong Chiat Wong
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - Mui Hong Tan
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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Fok EWS, Poon WL, Tse KS, Lau HY, Chan CH, Pan NY, Cho HY, Yeung TW, Wong YC, Leung KW, Khoo JLS, Tang KW. Angiographic factors associated with haemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation in a Chinese paediatric population. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21:401-6. [PMID: 26234688 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify specific angiographic factors associated with haemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformation in Chinese paediatric patients. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Four locoregional tertiary neurosurgical centres in Hong Kong: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Tuen Mun Hospital, Kwong Wah Hospital, and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital. PATIENTS Patients aged 18 years or younger who underwent pretreatment digital subtraction angiography for brain arteriovenous malformation between 1 January 2005 and 31 July 2013 were included. Patients were divided into haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic groups based on the initial presentation. Pretreatment digital subtraction angiographies were independently reviewed by two experienced neuroradiologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The following parameters were evaluated for their association with haemorrhagic presentation by univariate and multivariate analyses: nidus location, nidus size, nidus morphology (diffuse or compact); origin and number of arterial feeders; venous drainage; number of draining veins; presence of aneurysms, venous varices, and venous stenosis. RESULTS A total of 67 children and adolescents (28 male, 39 female) with a mean age of 12 years were included. Of them, 52 (78%) presented with haemorrhage. Arteriovenous malformation size (P=0.004) and morphology (P=0.05) were found to be associated with haemorrhagic presentation by univariate analysis. Small arteriovenous malformation nidus size and diffuse nidal morphology were identified as independent risk factors for haemorrhage by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Smaller arteriovenous malformation size and diffuse nidal morphology are angiographic factors independently associated with haemorrhagic presentation. Bleeding risk is important in determining the therapeutic approach (aggressive vs conservative) and timeframe, particularly in paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine W S Fok
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W L Poon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K S Tse
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - H Y Lau
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - C H Chan
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - N Y Pan
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong (currently at Department of Radiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong)
| | - H Y Cho
- Department of Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - T W Yeung
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Wong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - K W Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - Jennifer L S Khoo
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - K W Tang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
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Wan CWS, Li A, Leung OC, Wong YC. Prevalence of Non-calcified Coronary Plaque on 64-Slice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in Patients with Zero and Low Coronary Artery Calcium Scores. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1414271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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24
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Tsang WK, Li A, Wong YC. Aortic Root Anatomy and Diagnosis of Pathological Conditions by Multidetector Computed Tomography. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1413197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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25
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Hui CLM, Wong GHY, Tang JYM, Chang WC, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Lam MML, Chiu CPY, Law CW, Chung DWS, Tso S, Pang EPF, Chan KT, Wong YC, Mo FYM, Chan KPM, Hung SF, Honer WG, Chen EYH. Predicting 1-year risk for relapse in patients who have discontinued or continued quetiapine after remission from first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2013; 150:297-302. [PMID: 23993865 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Relapse is common among patients with psychotic disorders. Identification of relapse predictors is important for decision regarding maintenance medication. Naturalistic studies often identify medication non-adherence as a dominant predictor. There are relatively few studies for predictors where adherence is already known. It is this situation i.e., discontinuation of medication that predictors will be most useful. We identify predictors for relapse in situations of (i) discontinuation and (ii) continuation of maintenance medication. METHOD Analysis of relapse predictors is based on a randomized controlled study (n=178) comparing relapse rates between patients who discontinued or continued medication for at least 1 year following first-episode psychosis. Demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables were assessed at baseline as predictors of relapse within 1 year. RESULTS Risk of relapse was 79% in the discontinuation group and 41% in the maintenance group. Predictors in the discontinuation group were diagnosis of schizophrenia, poorer semantic fluency performance, and higher blink rate. Predictors in the continuation group were disinhibition soft signs and more general psychopathology symptoms. CONCLUSION Different predictors of relapse were identified for first episode psychosis patients who discontinued and continued maintenance medication. Neurocognitive dysfunctions are important predictors for both groups. While signs of frontal dysfunction and dopamine hyperactivity predict relapse in the discontinuation group, sign of cognitive disinhibition predicts relapse in the continuation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy L M Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wu JWS, Wong YC. Elective unilateral total knee replacement using continuous femoral nerve blockade versus conventional patient-controlled analgesia: perioperative patient management based on a multidisciplinary pathway. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 20:45-51. [PMID: 24021935 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES. To evaluate the effectiveness of our new multidisciplinary pathway for total knee replacement patients and compare outcomes after continuous femoral nerve blockade versus conventional patient-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain. DESIGN. Randomised controlled trial in a routine clinical setting. SETTING. Acute orthopaedic wards and operating theatres, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS. Sixty patients underwent elective unilateral total knee replacement under spinal anaesthesia from May 2009 to September 2011 and were randomly assigned to continuous femoral nerve blockade or conventional patient-controlled analgesia (30 patients in each group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Quality of pain control was evaluated by pain scores at rest and during mobilisation, opioid consumption, frequency of side-effects, and patient satisfaction score. Rehabilitation progress was assessed according to the day of first starting weight-bearing exercise, day of independent walking in the ward with aid, Timed Up and Go test, and time elapsing till discharge. Surgical outcome was assessed by the Knee Society score 6 months after discharge, re-admissions, and occurrence of complications. RESULTS. Patients having continuous femoral nerve blockade tended to have less pain on movement and achieved earlier mobilisation than those having patient-controlled analgesia. The former group consumed less opioids, had fewer side-effects, and were more satisfied with their postoperative analgesia. Both groups showed an equally high degree of satisfaction with the new management pathway. Hospital stays, surgical outcomes, and frequency of complications were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION. Continuous femoral nerve blockade proved to be a feasible and better alternative mode of postoperative analgesia than our conventional patient-controlled analgesia. Our new multidisciplinary management pathway and multimodal analgesic regimen featuring the continuous femoral nerve blockade appeared beneficial to patients and effective in our clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet W S Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Yan Chai Hospital, Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong
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Yeung TW, Lau HY, Wong YC. Regional Variation within the Cerebral Cortex Evaluated by Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficients on 1.5T and 3T Magnetic Resonance Images. Hong Kong J Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1313172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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28
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Woo YH, Wong YC, Kan E, Au-yeung WSA, Yu SMP, Wong KC, Hui YHJ. Multicentre Audit of Paediatric Brain Computed Tomography Dosage in Hong Kong: the Common Mistakes We Make. Hong Kong J Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1312129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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29
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Yu SCH, Cheng HKM, Cheng PW, Lui WM, Leung KM, Tan CB, Pang KY, Wong GKC, Cheung YL, Lee R, Wong YC, Wong CK, Kwok JCK. Angioplasty and stenting for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: position statement of the Hong Kong Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:69-73. [PMID: 23378358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a means of preventing secondary ischaemic stroke, angioplasty and stenting are considered potentially beneficial for patients with severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. However, the role of stenting has been challenged since the publication of the first randomised controlled trial on Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent stroke in Intracranial arterial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS). This indicated that aggressive medical management was superior to stenting using Wingspan to prevent recurrent stroke, because stenting has a high peri-procedural stroke and death rate. In this paper, we review the management of intracranial atherosclerosis, revisit the skepticism on stenting, and state our position on the topic in the form of recommendations. These are based on the prevalence of the disease in Hong Kong, the high risk of recurrent stroke despite medical therapy in the presence of haemodynamic intracranial stenosis without sufficient collaterals, an analysis of the weak points of SAMMPRIS, and results of clinical studies in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C H Yu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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30
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Chen EYH, Hui CLM, Lam MML, Chiu CPY, Law CW, Chung DWS, Tso S, Pang EPF, Chan KT, Wong YC, Mo FYM, Chan KPM, Yao TJ, Hung SF, Honer WG. Maintenance treatment with quetiapine versus discontinuation after one year of treatment in patients with remitted first episode psychosis: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010; 341:c4024. [PMID: 20724402 PMCID: PMC2924475 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study rates of relapse in remitted patients with first episode psychosis who either continued or discontinued antipsychotic drugs after at least one year of maintenance treatment. DESIGN 12 month randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. SETTING Early psychosis outpatient clinics in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS 178 patients with first episode psychosis who had received at least one year of antipsychotic drug treatment between September 2003 and July 2006 and had no positive symptoms of psychosis. INTERVENTIONS Patients received either maintenance treatment with quetiapine (400 mg/day) or placebo and were followed up for the next 12 months or until a relapse occurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Relapse assessed monthly and defined as re-emergence of psychotic symptoms (delusions, conceptual disorganisation, hallucinations, suspiciousness, and unusual thought content) according to predefined thresholds. RESULTS 178 patients were randomised (89 to quetiapine and 89 to placebo). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the risk of relapse at 12 months was 41% (95% confidence interval 29% to 53%) for the quetiapine group and 79% (68% to 90%) for the placebo group (P<0.001). Although quetiapine was generally well tolerated, the rate of discontinuation due to adverse or serious adverse events was greater in the quetiapine group (18%; 16/89) than in the placebo group (8%; 7/89) (relative risk 2.29, 95% confidence interval 0.99 to 5.28; chi(2)=3.20, df=1; P=0.07). CONCLUSION In a group of asymptomatic patients with first episode psychosis and at least one year of previous antipsychotic drug treatment, maintenance treatment with quetiapine compared with placebo resulted in a substantially lower rate of relapse during the following year. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00334035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Y H Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Wong
- UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG, BERKELEY
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32
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Chan M, Lo CK, Cheng LS, Cheung TC, Wong YC. Evaluation of testing capabilities for the determination of melamine in milk through an interlaboratory proficiency test programme during the melamine crisis. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2010; 26:1450-8. [PMID: 19724953 DOI: 10.1080/02652030903173627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An interlaboratory proficiency testing programme for melamine in milk was organized for field laboratories in Hong Kong, China, during the melamine crisis in late September 2008. One blank test sample and three homogenous samples prepared by gravimetric spiking of melamine at the concentration range of zero to 4.5 mg kg(-1) were given to participants in this programme. A total of 13 participants returned the results to the organizer and they used either liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for their determinations. The performance of the participants was assessed by determining z-scores, calculated from the bias from the assigned reference values and Horwitz standard deviation. The median values of pooled data were found to be in good agreement with the reference values and the majority of the participants demonstrated their capabilities in the quantitative measurement of melamine in milk samples. However, four participants gave false-positive results for the blank test sample, probably due to cross-contamination from other samples, and they were requested to investigate the actual causes. In summary, eight participants (or 62%) demonstrated their competence for all the four test samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chan
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division, Hong Kong Government Laboratory, Hong Kong, China
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33
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Yap WN, Zaiden N, Luk SY, Lee DTW, Ling MT, Wong YC, Yap YL. In vivo evidence of gamma-tocotrienol as a chemosensitizer in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Pharmacology 2010; 85:248-58. [PMID: 20375535 DOI: 10.1159/000278205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
gamma-Tocotrienol (gammaT3) is known to selectively kill prostate cancer (PCa) cells and to sensitize the cells to docetaxel (DTX)-induced apoptosis. In the present study, the pharmacokinetics of gammaT3 and the in vivo cytotoxic response of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPCa) tumor following gammaT3 treatment were investigated. Here, we investigated these antitumor effects for PCa tumors in vivo. The pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution of gammaT3 after exogenous gammaT3 supplementation were examined. Meanwhile, the response of the tumor to gammaT3 alone or in combination with DTX were studied by real-time in vivo bioluminescent imaging and by examination of biomarkers associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. After intraperitoneal injection, gammaT3 rapidly disappeared from the serum and was selectively deposited in the AIPCa tumor cells. Administration of gammaT3 alone for 2 weeks resulted in a significant shrinkage of the AIPCa tumors. Meanwhile, further inhibition of the AIPCa tumor growth was achieved by combined treatment of gammaT3 and DTX (p < 0.002). The in vivo cytotoxic antitumor effects induced by gammaT3 seem to be associated with a decrease in expression of cell proliferation markers (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Ki-67 and Id1) and an increase in the rate of cancer cell apoptosis [cleaved caspase 3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase]. Additionally, the combined agents may be more effective at suppressing the invasiveness of AIPCa. Overall, our results indicate that gammaT3, either alone or in combination with DTX, may provide a treatment strategy that can improve therapeutic efficacy against AIPCa while reducing the toxicity often seen in patients treated with DTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Yap
- Davos Life Science, Cancer Research Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
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Kramer ED, Dasgupta N, Lim CC, Lee SH, Wong YC, Hui F. Embolic stroke associated with injection of buprenorphine tablets. Neurology 2010; 74:863; author reply 863-4. [PMID: 20211913 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181d2b5f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Rohani A, Wong YC, Zamre I, Lee HL, Zurainee MN. The effect of extrinsic incubation temperature on development of dengue serotype 2 and 4 viruses in Aedes aegypti (L.). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2009; 40:942-950. [PMID: 19842378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dengue 2 and 4 viruses obtained from dengue-infected patients were maintained in a C6/36 Aedes albopictus Skuse cell line and used to infect adult female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Each serotype was mixed separately with fresh human erythrocytes and fed to adult female mosquitoes using an artificial membrane feeding technique. Fully engorged mosquitoes were selected and retained at 26 degrees C, 28 degrees C and 30 degrees C to observe dengue virus development in Aedes vectors. Virus detection was carried out by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The virus was first detected on Day 9 at 26 degrees C and 28 degrees C and on Day 5 at 30 degrees C for both dengue 2 and 4. The study shows the incubation period of the viruses decreased when the extrinsic incubation temperature increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rohani
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Chang PN, Yap WN, Lee DTW, Ling MT, Wong YC, Yap YL. Evidence of gamma-tocotrienol as an apoptosis-inducing, invasion-suppressing, and chemotherapy drug-sensitizing agent in human melanoma cells. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:357-66. [PMID: 19373609 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802567166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, the most effective cure for metastatic melanoma remains the surgical resection of the primary tumor. Recently, tocotrienol-rich-fraction has shown antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. To elucidate this anticancer property in malignant melanoma, this study aimed, first, to identify the most potent isomer for eliminating melanoma cells and second to decipher the molecular pathway responsible for its activity. Results showed that the inhibitory effect of gamma-tocotrienol was most potent, which resulted in induction of apoptosis as evidenced by activation of procaspases and the accumulation of sub-G1 cell population. Examination of the prosurvival genes revealed that the gamma-tocotrienol-induced cell death was associated with suppression of NF-kappaB, EGF-R, and Id family proteins. Meanwhile, gamma-tocotrienol treatment also resulted in induction of JNK signaling pathway, and inhibition of JNK activity by selective inhibitor was able to partially block the effect of gamma-tocotrienol. Interestingly, gamma-tocotrienol treatment led to suppression of mesenchymal markers and the restoration of E-cadherin and gamma-catenin expression, which was associated with suppression of cell invasion capability. Furthermore, synergistic effect was observed when cells were cotreated with gamma-tocotrienol and chemotherapy drugs. Together, our results demonstrated for the first time the anti-invasion and chemonsensitization effect of gamma-tocotrienol against human malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piek Ngoh Chang
- Davos Life Science Pte. Ltd., Cancer Research Laboratory, 138667, Singapore
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Hu H, Han HY, Wang YL, Zhang XP, Chua CW, Wong YC, Wang XF, Ling MT, Xu KX. The role of Id-1 in chemosensitivity and epirubicin-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2009; 21:1053-9. [PMID: 19288008 DOI: 10.3892/or_00000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence and progression are the major problems in the treatment of bladder cancer. Increased expression of Id-1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, has recently been shown in several types of advanced cancer. Some studies have provided evidence to suggest that Id-1 can be considered a potential therapeutic target. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Id-1 in the chemosensitivity of bladder cancer cells, and the effect of Id-1 on chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. We compared the different sensitivity to epirubicin in RT112 and MGH-U1 cell lines with different Id-1 expression. Then, we transfected different vectors into RT112 and MGH-U1 respectively, and generated the stable Id-1 up-regulation and down-regulation transfectants. The results of cell viability assay showed up-regulation of Id-1 in RT112 leading to increased sensitivity in response to epirubicin, and down-regulation of Id-1 increased cellular sensitivity to epirubicin. Furthermore, the analysis of apoptosis related protein revealed that up-regulation of Id-1 suppressed epirubicin-induced apoptosis and down-regulation of Id-1 leading to increased epirubicin-induced apoptosis. Wound closure assay showed up-regulation of Id-1 leading to improved migration abilities of bladder cancer cells under chemotherapy. Our results suggest that up-regulation of Id-1 in bladder cancer cells lead to increased cell viability in response to epirubicin by its improved anti-apoptotic role, and down-regulation of Id-1 increases cellular sensitivity to epirubicin by increased anticancer drug-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China
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Huang CC, Chuang CK, Wong YC, Wang LJ, Wu CH. Useful prediction of ureteral calculi visibility on abdominal radiographs based on calculi characteristics on unenhanced helical CT and CT scout radiographs. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:292-8. [PMID: 19196367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether visibility of ureteral calculi on plain radiographs of the kidney, ureter and bladder (KUB) could be predicted based on characteristics on unenhanced helical computed tomography (UHCT) and CT scout radiographs (CTSR). METHODS One hundred and twenty-three patients diagnosed with 140 ureteral calculi on UHCT, had undergone both UHCT and KUB within 24 h and before calculus passage or intervention were included. The visibility of ureteral calculi on KUB and CTSR as well as their sizes, locations and densities on UHCT were recorded. The association of CTSR/UHCT characteristics of ureteral calculi and their visibility on KUB were analysed. Multivariate analyses using logistic regression were computed as predictors for visibility on KUB. RESULTS Of the 140 calculi, 56 (40%) and 98 (70%) were visible on CTSR and KUB respectively. All calculi detectable on CTSR were also visible on KUB. Multivariate analyses of the 84 CTSR undetectable calculi revealed that non-middle ureteral location and higher calculi densities on UHCT were significant predictors of visibility on KUB. All non-middle ureteral calculi with density > 800 Hounsfield units (HU) were visible on KUB. Of 23 calculi in the middle ureter or with density < 200 HU, 17 (74%) were invisible on KUB. CONCLUSIONS Ureteral calculi characteristics on UHCT and CTSR are useful for predicting their visibility on KUB. Patients with visible calculi on CTSR or non-middle ureteral calculi with density > 800 HU are suitable for KUB to follow-up calculi status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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39
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Lai V, Wong YC, Poon WL, Fu YP, Lam TC, Yuen SC. Radiation-induced peripheral nerve neurofibromata in a patient receiving hypofractionated radiation therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1995-7. [PMID: 18653682 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced peripheral nerve tumor, in particular a benign entity such as a neurofibroma, is rare, with only a few cases being reported so far. We demonstrate a case of radiation-induced neurofibromata along the left cervical nerve roots in a man with a background of localized targeted hypofractionated radiation therapy as adjuvant treatment for left cervical nodal metastasis complicating nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The toxicity of high-dose radiation in a hypofractionated regime is also stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lai
- Department of Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China.
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40
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Abstract
We review the role of E-cadherin in cancer progression, and its therapeutic restoration as a strategy to suppress metastasis. We subsequently discuss E-cadherin upregulating drugs, proposing a schema for restoring E-cadherin by targeting its epigenetic and transcriptional regulators. These pathways will likely provide significant future treatment breakthroughs against cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Howard
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory Block, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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41
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Wang X, Di K, Zhang X, Han HY, Wong YC, Leung SCL, Ling MT. Id-1 promotes chromosomal instability through modification of APC/C activity during mitosis in response to microtubule disruption. Oncogene 2008; 27:4456-66. [PMID: 18372912 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Id-1 (Inhibitor of DNA binding/differential-1) plays a positive role in tumorigenesis through regulation of multiple signaling pathways. Recently, it is suggested that upregulation of Id-1 in cancer cells promotes chromosomal instability. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. In this study, we report a novel function of Id-1 in regulation of mitosis through physical interaction with Cdc20 (cell division cycle protein 20) and Cdh1 (Cdc20 homolog 1). During early mitosis, Id-1 interacts with Cdc20 and RASSF1A (Ras association domain family 1A), leading to enhanced APC(Cdc20) activity, which in turn promotes cyclin B1/securin degradation and premature mitosis. During late mitosis, Id-1 binds to Cdh1 and disrupts the interaction between Cdh1 and APC, resulting in suppression of APC(Cdh1) activity. On the other hand, overexpression of Cdh1 leads to Id-1 protein degradation, suggesting that Id-1 may also act as a substrate of APC(Cdh1). The negative effect of Id-1 on APC(Cdh1) results in suppression of APC(Cdh1)-induced Aurora A and Cdc20 degradation, leading to failure in cytokinesis. As a result, overexpression of Id-1 in human prostate epithelial cells leads to polyploidy in response to microtubule disruption, and this effect is abolished when Id-1 expression is suppressed using antisense technology. These results demonstrate a novel function of Id-1 in promoting chromosomal instability through modification of APC/C activity during mitosis and provide a novel molecular mechanism accounted for the function of Id-1 as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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42
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Rajashekhar G, Loganath A, Roy AC, Chong SS, Wong YC. Extracellular matrix-dependent regulation of angiogenin expression in human placenta. J Cell Biochem 2008; 96:36-46. [PMID: 15988760 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the rapidly developing hierarchy of controls affecting vascular development in placenta is required to understand how the growth factors and their receptor-mediated signals actually produce vessels. At the cell biological level, these events clearly require stable interactions between the cells, and cells with the surrounding ECM. The objective of the study was to understand the role of integrins and ECM on the expression and secretion of angiogenin in placentas and from trophoblasts in culture. Functionally active term placental explant culture and trophoblast cultures were used to demonstrate the differential secretion profile of angiogenin and real-time quantitative RT-PCR to demonstrate the mRNA expression in the presence or absence of ECM proteins. In this study, a significant increase in expression and secretion of angiogenin occurred in the presence of vitronectin (VN) and fibronectin (FN). Using antibody-blocking experiments it was also demonstrated that the angiogenin secretion is mediated by placental integrins, alpha(V)beta3 and alpha5beta1. In addition, exposure to hypoxic conditions resulted in diminished angiogenin secretion in the presence of both ECMs suggesting that angiogenin expression in the presence of ECM is modulated by local O2 concentration. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the regulatory role of ECM and integrins on the mRNA expression and secretion of angiogenin in human placenta. ECMs may have a pivotal role in enhancing secretion of this peptide necessary for placental angiogenesis and provides the impetus as additional targets for the control of angiogenesis in pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajashekhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074
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43
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Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors related to knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty in a Chinese population. METHODS Records of 242 total knee arthroplasties were retrospectively reviewed. The parameters evaluated were age, gender, diagnosis, preoperative knee flexion and extension, preoperative flexion arc, tibiofemoral angle, Knee Society knee score and functional score, and implant design. RESULTS Advanced age, female gender, and good preoperative flexion and flexion arc were related to better postoperative flexion. Postoperative flexion tended to migrate to the middle range despite different ranges of preoperative flexion. Preoperative tibiofemoral malalignment had no significant effect on postoperative flexion. CONCLUSION Contemporary designs of posterior stabilised prostheses with right and left femoral components were superior to older designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong.
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44
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To-Ho KW, Cheung HW, Ling MT, Wong YC, Wang X. MAD2ΔC induces aneuploidy and promotes anchorage-independent growth in human prostate epithelial cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:347-57. [PMID: 17621272 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2) is suggested to play a key role in a functional mitotic checkpoint because of its inhibitory effect on anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) during mitosis. The binding of MAD2 to mitotic checkpoint regulators MAD1 and Cdc20 is thought to be crucial for its function and loss of which leads to functional inactivation of the MAD2 protein. However, little is known about the biological significance of this MAD2 mutant in human cells. In this study, we stably transfected a C-terminal-deleted MAD2 gene (MAD2DeltaC) into a human prostate epithelial cell line, Hpr-1 and studied its effect on chromosomal instability, cell proliferation, mitotic checkpoint control and soft agar colony-forming ability. We found that MAD2DeltaC was able to induce aneuploidy through promoting chromosomal duplication, which was a result of an impaired mitotic checkpoint and cytokinesis, suggesting a crucial role of MAD2-mediated mitotic checkpoint in chromosome stability in human cells. In addition, the MAD2DeltaC-transfected cells displayed anchorage-independent growth in soft agar after challenged by 7,12-dimethylbenz[A]anthracene (DMBA), demonstrating a cancer-promoting effect of a defective mitotic checkpoint in human cells. Furthermore, the DMBA-induced transformation was accompanied by a complete loss of DNA damage-induced p53 response and activation of the MAPK pathway in MAD2DeltaC cells. These results indicate that a defective mitotic checkpoint alone is not a direct cause of tumorigenesis, but it may predispose human cells to carcinogen-induced malignant transformation. The evidence presented here provides a link between MAD2 inactivation and malignant transformation of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W To-Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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45
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Abstract
AIMS Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is suggested as one of the positive regulators in the invasive progression of renal cell cancer (RCC). Recently, Id-1 (inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding), a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, has been identified as one of the key factors in the EGFR signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of Id-1 expression in renal cell cancer and to study its relationship with EGFR. METHODS AND RESULTS Id-1 and EGFR expression was examined in tissue microarray (TMA) samples of 107 RCC and 32 normal kidney specimens by immunohistochemistry. Relative Id-1 and EGFR protein expression was quantified by estimating the staining intensity on a four-grade scale. We found that while negative to weak expression of Id-1 and EGFR was observed in non-malignant kidney tissues, most RCCs showed significant positive Id-1 and EGFR expression in tumour cells. In addition, Id-1 immunostaining intensity was positively associated with increased tumour staging, grading and EGFR expression. CONCLUSION Overexpression of Id-1 is a novel marker for advanced RCC which is positively correlated with EGFR expression. Our results suggest that Id-1 may play an important role in the development of RCC and indicate that Id-1 is a potential marker of patients with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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46
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Abstract
Two cases of spinal epidural hematoma and two cases of intracranial subdural hematoma after lumbar puncture (LP) are reported in children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The bleeding was asymptomatic but interfered with treatment in one case, and caused either severe backache or headache but no neurological deficit in the other three patients. The platelet counts were 8 and 46 x 10(9)/L in two patients and were normal in the other patients at the time of LP. All recovered without surgical treatment. There is an inherent, albeit uncommon, risk of bleeding into the central nervous system associated with LP in children with cancer and should be distinguished from postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Thrombocytopenia is not always an accompanying factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm C W Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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47
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Lai V, Wong YC, Lam WY, Tsui WC, Luk SH. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the nasal cavity. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:135-7. [PMID: 17213441 PMCID: PMC8134099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with a variable natural history and biologic behavior, ranging from completely benign to malignant with fatal outcome. We report a case of benign IMT in the left nasal cavity with radiologic features mimicking angiofibroma. We also demonstrate the hypervascular nature of this disease on angiography and the contribution of preoperative embolization in assisting surgical excision and minimizing the potential uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lai
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, China.
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Huang P, Jiang Z, Teng S, Wong YC, Frohman MA, Chung SK, Chung SSM. Synergism between phospholipase D2 and sorbitol accumulation in diabetic cataract formation through modulation of Na,K-ATPase activity and osmotic stress. Exp Eye Res 2006; 83:939-48. [PMID: 16797533 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD), a highly regulated enzyme that generates the second messenger phosphatidic acid, functions in signal transduction, membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal reorganization. PLD is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by activating PKC. Since PKC and PLD are present in the lens we sought to determine if PLD plays a role in diabetic cataract development. We developed transgenic mice that overexpress PLD2, one of the two mammalian isoforms of PLD. These mice developed congenital nuclear cataracts, but not diabetic cataracts. Histological analysis revealed vacuole formation in the fiber cells, mediated potentially by the substantially increased Na,K-ATPase activity. In the presence of the aldose reductase overexpressing transgene that increases lens osmotic pressure, these double transgenic mice developed more severe congenital cataract and became susceptible to develop diabetic cataract. Together, these data suggest that increased PLD2 activity in the lens under hyperglycemic condition might impair its osmoregulatory mechanism and reduce its ability to cope with the osmotic stress triggered by sorbitol accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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49
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Ding Y, Wang G, Ling MT, Wong YC, Li X, Na Y, Zhang X, Chua CW, Wang X, Xin D. Significance of Id-1 up-regulation and its association with EGFR in bladder cancer cell invasion. Int J Oncol 2006; 28:847-54. [PMID: 16525633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is suggested to be one of the positive factors in the invasive progression of bladder cancer. Id-1 (inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding), a helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor, was recently identified as a key factor in the EGFR signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Id-1 in bladder cancer progression and its relation-ship with EGFR. Using clinical specimens from different stages of bladder cancer, immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine if Id-1 expression was positively associated with tumour staging and EGFR expression. The direct role of Id-1 in cancer cell invasion was also investigated through ectopically expressing the Id-1 gene in a RT112 bladder cancer cell line by wound closure and collagen invasion assays. To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the Id-1 gene in the treatment of invasive bladder cancer, we studied if inactivation of the Id-1 gene through small RNA interference could lead to the suppression of invasion in a MGHU1 bladder cancer cell line. Our results showed that the up-regulation of Id-1 was associated with increased EGFR expression, clinical staging and the invasion ability of bladder cancer cells. Inactivation of Id-1 may be a potential therapeutic target to inhibit the invasion by bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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50
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Rajashekhar G, Loganath A, Roy AC, Chong SS, Wong YC. Hypoxia up-regulated angiogenin and down-regulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and secretion in human placental trophoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:310-9. [PMID: 15979542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many processes that are involved in cellular invasion, including blastocyst implantation, placental development, and rapidly growing tumors, occur in reduced oxygen environments. It has been surmised that oxygen tension could regulate the cytotrophoblast ability to differentiate and, as a consequence, to express proteins that are critical for placentation. The objective of the current investigation was therefore to test the hypothesis that placental tissues and trophoblast cells in culture, under low oxygen tension, release angiogenic factors that could affect vascular behavior and invasive potential, thus providing a link between abnormal placentation and maternal vascular abnormality. METHODS Functionally active term placental explant culture and trophoblast cultures were used to demonstrate the secretion profiles of angiogenin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was employed to demonstrate the mRNA expression under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. RESULTS A significant increase in the secretion (P <.01) and mRNA expression (P <.01) of angiogenin and a significant decrease in the secretion (P <.04) and mRNA expression (P <.03) of VCAM-1 from both term placental explants and trophoblast cultures subjected to hypoxia in vitro were observed. CONCLUSION Because the primary defect in uteroplacental insufficiency is placental maldevelopment probably associated with hypoxia in situ, this study provides molecular evidence to indicate that the differential expression and secretion of angiogenic factors may play an important role in these pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rajashekhar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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