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Sethi S, Friesen-Waldner LJ, Regnault TRH, McKenzie CA. Quantifying Brain Myelin Water Fraction in a Guinea Pig Model of Spontaneous Intrauterine Growth Restriction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38445838 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is an obstetrical condition where a fetus has not achieved its genetic potential. A consequence of IUGR is a decrease in brain myelin content. Myelin water imaging (MWI) has been used to assess fetal myelin water fraction (MWF) and might potentially assess myelination changes associated with IUGR. PURPOSE To quantify and compare the MWF of non-IUGR and IUGR fetal guinea pigs (GPs) in late gestation. STUDY TYPE Prospective animal model. ANIMAL MODEL Dunkin-Hartley GP model of spontaneous IUGR (mean ± SD: 60 ± 1.2 days gestation; 19 IUGR, 52 control). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Eight spoiled gradient-recalled (SPGR) gradient echo volumes (flip angles [α]: 2°-16°), and two sets of eight balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) gradient echo volumes (α: 8° - 64°), at 0° and 180° phase increments, at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT MWF maps were generated for each fetal GP brain using multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 /T2 (mcDESPOT). MWF was quantified in the fetal corpus callosum (CC), fornix (FOR), parasagittal white matter (PSW), and whole fetal brain. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression was performed between five fetal IUGR markers (body volume, body-to-pregnancy volume ratio, brain-to-liver volume ratio, brain-to-placenta volume ratio, and brain-to-body volume ratio) and MWF (coefficient of determination, R2 ). A t-test with a linear mixed model compared the MWF of non-IUGR and IUGR fetal GPs (significance was determined at α < 0.05). RESULTS The MWF of the control fetuses are (mean ± SD): 0.23 ± 0.02 (CC), 0.31 ± 0.02 (FOR), 0.28 ± 0.02 (PSW), and 0.20 ± 0.01 (whole brain). The MWF of the IUGR fetuses are (mean ± SD): 0.19 ± 0.02 (CC), 0.27 ± 0.01 (FOR), 0.24 ± 0.03 (PSW), and 0.16 ± 0.01 (whole brain). Significant differences in MWF were found between the non-IUGR and IUGR fetuses in every comparison. DATA CONCLUSION The mean MWF of IUGR fetal GPs is significantly lower than non-IUGR fetal GPs. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sethi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Nichols ES, Al-Saoud S, de Vrijer B, McKenzie CA, Eagleson R, de Ribaupierre S, Duerden EG. T2* Mapping of Placental Oxygenation to Estimate Fetal Cortical and Subcortical Maturation. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e240456. [PMID: 38411965 PMCID: PMC10900962 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This cohort study investigates the association between T2* mapping of placental oxygenation and cortical and subcortical fetal brain volumes in typically developing fetuses scanned longitudinally in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Nichols
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Al-Saoud
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute
- Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy Eagleson
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute
- Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Nichols ES, Grace M, Correa S, de Vrijer B, Eagleson R, McKenzie CA, de Ribaupierre S, Duerden EG. Sex- and age-based differences in fetal and early childhood hippocampus maturation: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad421. [PMID: 37950876 PMCID: PMC10793584 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus, essential for cognitive and affective processes, develops exponentially with differential trajectories seen in girls and boys, yet less is known about its development during early fetal life until early childhood. In a cross-sectional and longitudinal study, we examined the sex-, age-, and laterality-related developmental trajectories of hippocampal volumes in fetuses, infants, and toddlers associated with age. Third trimester fetuses (27-38 weeks' gestational age), newborns (0-4 weeks' postnatal age), infants (5-50 weeks' postnatal age), and toddlers (2-3 years postnatal age) were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 133 datasets (62 female, postmenstrual age [weeks] M = 69.38, SD = 51.39, range = 27.6-195.3) were processed using semiautomatic segmentation methods. Hippocampal volumes increased exponentially during the third trimester and the first year of life, beginning to slow at approximately 2 years. Overall, boys had larger hippocampal volumes than girls. Lateralization differences were evident, with left hippocampal growth beginning to plateau sooner than the right. This period of rapid growth from the third trimester, continuing through the first year of life, may support the development of cognitive and affective function during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Nichols
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Road, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Michael Grace
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Susana Correa
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London Health Sciences Centre-Victoria Hospital, B2-401, London, Ontario N6H 5W9, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada
| | - Roy Eagleson
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada
| | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Road, London, Ontario, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, Ontario N6C 2V5, Canada
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Correa S, Nichols ES, Mueller ME, de Vrijer B, Eagleson R, McKenzie CA, de Ribaupierre S, Duerden EG. Default mode network functional connectivity strength in utero and the association with fetal subcortical development. Cereb Cortex 2023:7187107. [PMID: 37259175 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network is essential for higher-order cognitive processes and is composed of an extensive network of functional and structural connections. Early in fetal life, the default mode network shows strong connectivity with other functional networks; however, the association with structural development is not well understood. In this study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and anatomical images were acquired in 30 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies. Participants completed 1 or 2 MR imaging sessions, on average 3 weeks apart (43 data sets), between 28- and 39-weeks postconceptional ages. Subcortical volumes were automatically segmented. Activation time courses from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were extracted from the default mode network, medial temporal lobe network, and thalamocortical network. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between functional connectivity strength between default mode network-medial temporal lobe, default mode network-thalamocortical network, and subcortical volumes, respectively. Increased functional connectivity strength in the default mode network-medial temporal lobe network was associated with smaller right hippocampal, left thalamic, and right caudate nucleus volumes, but larger volumes of the left caudate. Increased functional connectivity strength in the default mode network-thalamocortical network was associated with smaller left thalamic volumes. The strong associations seen among the default mode network functional connectivity networks and regionally specific subcortical volume development indicate the emergence of short-range connectivity in the third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Correa
- Neuroscience Program, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Emily S Nichols
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Megan E Mueller
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roy Eagleson
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Emma G Duerden
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Cheng C, Walsh A, Jones S, Matthews S, Weerasooriya D, Fernandes RJ, McKenzie CA. Development, implementation and evaluation of a seven-day clinical pharmacy service in a tertiary referral teaching hospital during surge-2 of the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Clin Pharm 2023; 45:293-303. [PMID: 36367601 PMCID: PMC9650667 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-022-01475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seven-day clinical pharmacy services in the acute sector of the National Health Service are limited. There is a paucity of evidential patient benefit. This limits investment and infrastructure, despite United Kingdom wide calls. AIM To optimise medicines seven-days a week during surge-2 of the COVID-19 pandemic through implementation of a seven-day clinical pharmacy service. This paper describes service development, evaluation and sustainability. SETTING A tertiary-referral teaching hospital, London, United Kingdom. DEVELOPMENT The seven-day clinical pharmacy service was developed to critical care, acute and general medical patients. Clinical leads developed the service specification and defined priorities, targeting complex patients and transfer of care. Contributing staff were briefed and training materials developed. IMPLEMENTATION The service was implemented in January 2021 for 11 weeks. Multidisciplinary team communication brought challenges; strategies were employed to overcome these. EVALUATION A prospective observational study was conducted in intervention wards over two weekends in February 2021. 1584 beds were occupied and 602 patients included. 346 interventions were reported and rated; 85.6% had high or moderate impact; 56.7% were time-critical. The proportion of medicines reconciliation within 24-h of admission was analysed across the hospital between November 2020 and May 2021. During implementation, patients admitted Friday-Sunday were more likely to receive medicines reconciliation within 24-h (RR 1.41 (95% CI 1.34-1.47), p < 0.001). Rostered services were delivered sustainably in terms of shift-fill rate and medicines reconciliation outcome. CONCLUSION Seven-day clinical pharmacy services benefit patient outcome through early medicines reconciliation and intervention. Investment to permanently embed the service was sustained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheng
- Pharmacy Department, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neurosciences Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - A Walsh
- Pharmacy Department, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - S Jones
- Pharmacy Department, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neurosciences Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - S Matthews
- Pharmacy Department, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Gillingham, ME7 5NY, UK
| | - D Weerasooriya
- Pharmacy Department, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - R J Fernandes
- Pharmacy Department, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - C A McKenzie
- Pharmacy Department, Kings College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, Neurosciences Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- Pharmacy and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, S016 6YD, UK
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Wang J, Nichols ES, Mueller ME, de Vrijer B, Eagleson R, McKenzie CA, de Ribaupierre S, Duerden EG. Semi-automatic segmentation of the fetal brain from magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1027084. [PMID: 36440277 PMCID: PMC9692018 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1027084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volumetric measurements of fetal brain maturation in the third trimester of pregnancy are key predictors of developmental outcomes. Improved understanding of fetal brain development trajectories may aid in identifying and clinically managing at-risk fetuses. Currently, fetal brain structures in magnetic resonance images (MRI) are often manually segmented, which requires both time and expertise. To facilitate the targeting and measurement of brain structures in the fetus, we compared the results of five segmentation methods applied to fetal brain MRI data to gold-standard manual tracings. METHODS Adult women with singleton pregnancies (n = 21), of whom five were scanned twice, approximately 3 weeks apart, were recruited [26 total datasets, median gestational age (GA) = 34.8, IQR = 30.9-36.6]. T2-weighted single-shot fast spin echo images of the fetal brain were acquired on 1.5T and 3T MRI scanners. Images were first combined into a single 3D anatomical volume. Next, a trained tracer manually segmented the thalamus, cerebellum, and total cerebral volumes. The manual segmentations were compared with five automatic methods of segmentation available within Advanced Normalization Tools (ANTs) and FMRIB's Linear Image Registration Tool (FLIRT) toolboxes. The manual and automatic labels were compared using Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs). The DSC values were compared using Friedman's test for repeated measures. RESULTS Comparing cerebellum and thalamus masks against the manually segmented masks, the median DSC values for ANTs and FLIRT were 0.72 [interquartile range (IQR) = 0.6-0.8] and 0.54 (IQR = 0.4-0.6), respectively. A Friedman's test indicated that the ANTs registration methods, primarily nonlinear methods, performed better than FLIRT (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Deformable registration methods provided the most accurate results relative to manual segmentation. Overall, this semi-automatic subcortical segmentation method provides reliable performance to segment subcortical volumes in fetal MR images. This method reduces the costs of manual segmentation, facilitating the measurement of typical and atypical fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Wang
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emily S. Nichols
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Megan E. Mueller
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Roy Eagleson
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Emma G. Duerden
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Sethi S, Friesen-Waldner LJ, Wade TP, Courchesne M, Nygard K, Sarr O, Sutherland B, Regnault TRH, McKenzie CA. Feasibility of MRI Quantification of Myelin Water Fraction in the Fetal Guinea Pig Brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 57:1856-1864. [PMID: 36239714 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal myelination assessment is important for understanding neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Myelin water imaging (MWI) quantifies myelin water fraction (MWF), a validated marker for myelin content, and has been used to assess brain myelin in children and neonates. PURPOSE To demonstrate that MWI can quantify MWF in fetal guinea pigs (GPs). STUDY TYPE Animal model. ANIMAL MODEL Nine pregnant, Dunkin-Hartley GPs with 31 fetuses (mean ± standard deviation = 60 ± 1.5 days gestation). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D spoiled gradient echo and balanced steady-state free precession sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT MWF maps were reconstructed for maternal and fetal GP brains using the multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) approach. Myelin basic protein (MBP) stain provided histological validation of the MWF. Regions of interest were placed in the maternal corpus callosum (CC), maternal fornix (FOR), fetal CC, and fetal FOR in MWF maps and MBP stains. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear regression between MWF and MBP stain intensity (SI) of all four regions (coefficient of determination, R2 ). A paired t-test compared the MWF of maternal and mean fetal CC, MBP SI of maternal and mean fetal CC, MWF of maternal and mean fetal FOR, MBP SI of maternal and mean fetal FOR. A paired t-test with a linear mixed model compared the MWF of fetal CC and fetal FOR, and MBP SI of fetal CC and fetal FOR. A P value < 0.0083 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The mean MWF of the analyzed regions are as follows (mean ± standard deviation): 0.338 + 0.016 (maternal CC), 0.340 ± 0.017 (maternal FOR), 0.214 ± 0.016 (fetal CC), and 0.305 ± 0.025 (fetal FOR). MWF correlated with MBP SI in all regions (R2 = 0.81). Significant differences were found between MWF and MBP SI of maternal and fetal CC, and MWF and MBP SI of fetal CC and fetal FOR. DATA CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the feasibility of MWI in assessing fetal brain myelin content. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sethi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Trevor P Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc Courchesne
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Nygard
- Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Sutherland
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal, and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal, and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Roemer PB, Wade T, Alejski A, McKenzie CA, Rutt BK. Electric field calculation and peripheral nerve stimulation prediction for head and body gradient coils. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2301-2315. [PMID: 34080744 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate and validate electric field (E-field) calculation and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) prediction methods that are accurate, computationally efficient, and that could be used to inform regulatory standards. METHODS We describe a simplified method for calculating the spatial distribution of induced E-field over the volume of a body model given a gradient coil vector potential field. The method is easily programmed without finite element or finite difference software, allowing for straightforward and computationally efficient E-field evaluation. Using these E-field calculations and a range of body models, population-weighted PNS thresholds are determined using established methods and compared against published experimental PNS data for two head gradient coils and one body gradient coil. RESULTS A head-gradient-appropriate chronaxie value of 669 µs was determined by meta-analysis. Prediction errors between our calculated PNS parameters and the corresponding experimentally measured values were ~5% for the body gradient and ~20% for the symmetric head gradient. Our calculated PNS parameters matched experimental measurements to within experimental uncertainty for 73% of ∆Gmin estimates and 80% of SRmin estimates. Computation time is seconds for initial E-field maps and milliseconds for E-field updates for different gradient designs, allowing for highly efficient iterative optimization of gradient designs and enabling new dimensions in PNS-optimal gradient design. CONCLUSIONS We have developed accurate and computationally efficient methods for prospectively determining PNS limits, with specific application to head gradient coils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trevor Wade
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Alejski
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Giza SA, Koreman TL, Sethi S, Miller MR, Penava DA, Eastabrook GD, McKenzie CA, de Vrijer B. Water-fat magnetic resonance imaging of adipose tissue compartments in the normal third trimester fetus. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1214-1222. [PMID: 33512538 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of fetal adipose tissue gives information about the future metabolic health of an individual, with evidence that the development of this tissue has regional heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE To assess differences in the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) between fetal adipose tissue compartments in the third trimester using water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Water-fat MRI was performed in a 1.5-T scanner. Fetal adipose tissue was segmented into cheeks, thorax, abdomen, upper arms, forearms, thighs and lower legs. PDFF and R2* values were measured in each compartment. RESULTS Twenty-eight women with singleton pregnancies were imaged between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation. At 30 weeks' gestation (n=22), the PDFF was statistically different between the compartments (P<0.0001), with the highest PDFF in cheeks, followed by upper arms, thorax, thighs, forearms, lower legs and abdomen. There were no statistical differences in the rate of PDFF change with gestational age between the white adipose tissue compartments (P=0.97). Perirenal brown adipose tissue had a different PDFF and R2* compared to white adipose tissue, while the rate of R2* change did not significantly change with gestational age between white adipose tissue compartments (P=0.96). CONCLUSION Fetal adipose tissue accumulates lipids at a similar rate in all white adipose tissue compartments. PDFF variances between the compartments suggest that accumulation begins at different gestational ages, starting with cheeks, followed by extremities, trunk and abdomen. Additionally, MRI was able to detect differences in the PDFF between fetal brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Giza
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tianna L Koreman
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Simran Sethi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R Miller
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioner's Road E, Room B2-412, London, ON, N6A 3B4, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Debbie A Penava
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioner's Road E, Room B2-412, London, ON, N6A 3B4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Genevieve D Eastabrook
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioner's Road E, Room B2-412, London, ON, N6A 3B4, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioner's Road E, Room B2-412, London, ON, N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioner's Road E, Room B2-412, London, ON, N6A 3B4, Canada. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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10
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Smith LM, Pitts CB, Friesen-Waldner LJ, Prabhu NH, Mathers KE, Sinclair KJ, Wade TP, Regnault TRH, McKenzie CA. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]Pyruvate and Proton Density Fat Fraction in a Guinea Pig Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development After Life-Long Western Diet Consumption. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1404-1414. [PMID: 33970520 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in glycolysis are central to the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), highlighting a need for in vivo, non-invasive technologies to understand the development of hepatic metabolic aberrations. PURPOSE To use hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to investigate the effects of a chronic, life-long exposure to the Western diet (WD) in an animal model resulting in NAFLD; to investigate the hypothesis that exposure to the WD will result in NAFLD in association with altered pyruvate metabolism. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL Twenty-eight male guinea pigs weaned onto a control diet (N = 14) or WD (N = 14). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T; T1-weighted gradient echo, T2-weighted spin-echo, three-dimensional gradient multi-echo fat-water separation (IDEAL-IQ), and broadband point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) chemical-shift sequences. ASSESSMENT Median PDFF was calculated in the liver and hind limbs. [1-13 C]pyruvate dynamic MRS in the liver was quantified by the time-to-peak (TTP) for each metabolite. Animals were euthanized and tissue was analyzed for lipid and cholesterol concentration and enzyme level and activity. STATISTICAL TESTS Unpaired Student's t-tests were used to determine differences in measurements between the two diet groups. The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine correlations between measurements. RESULTS Life-long WD consumption resulted in significantly higher liver PDFF and elevated triglyceride content in the liver. The WD group exhibited a decreased TTP for lactate production, and ex vivo analysis highlighted increased liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. DATA CONCLUSION PDFF MRI results suggest differential fat deposition patterns occurring in animals fed a life-long WD characteristic of lean, or lacking excessive subcutaneous fat, NAFLD. The decreased liver lactate TTP and increased ex vivo LDH activity suggest lipid accumulation occurs in association with a shift from oxidative metabolism to anaerobic glycolytic metabolism in WD-exposed livers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Smith
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conrad B Pitts
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Neetin H Prabhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Mathers
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin J Sinclair
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor P Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal & Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institution, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal & Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Research Institution, London, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Morrison JL, Ayonrinde OT, Care AS, Clarke GD, Darby JRT, David AL, Dean JM, Hooper SB, Kitchen MJ, Macgowan CK, Melbourne A, McGillick EV, McKenzie CA, Michael N, Mohammed N, Sadananthan SA, Schrauben E, Regnault TRH, Velan SS. Seeing the fetus from a DOHaD perspective: discussion paper from the advanced imaging techniques of DOHaD applications workshop held at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:153-167. [PMID: 32955011 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging techniques are enhancing research capacity focussed on the developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis, and consequently increasing awareness of future health risks across various subareas of DOHaD research themes. Understanding how these advanced imaging techniques in animal models and human population studies can be both additively and synergistically used alongside traditional techniques in DOHaD-focussed laboratories is therefore of great interest. Global experts in advanced imaging techniques congregated at the advanced imaging workshop at the 2019 DOHaD World Congress in Melbourne, Australia. This review summarizes the presentations of new imaging modalities and novel applications to DOHaD research and discussions had by DOHaD researchers that are currently utilizing advanced imaging techniques including MRI, hyperpolarized MRI, ultrasound, and synchrotron-based techniques to aid their DOHaD research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison S Care
- The Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L David
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin M Dean
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcus J Kitchen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Erin V McGillick
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nuruddin Mohammed
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric Schrauben
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Schneider E, Remer EM, Obuchowski NA, McKenzie CA, Ding X, Navaneethan SD. Long-term inter-platform reproducibility, bias, and linearity of commercial PDFF MRI methods for fat quantification: a multi-center, multi-vendor phantom study. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7566-7574. [PMID: 33768291 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is a validated biomarker of tissue fat quantification. However, validation has been limited to single-center or multi-center series using non-FDA-approved software. Thus, we assess the bias, linearity, and long-term reproducibility of PDFF obtained using commercial PDFF packages from several vendors. METHODS Over 35 months, 438 subjects and 16 volunteers from a multi-center observational trial underwent PDFF MRI measurements using a 3-T MR system from one of three different vendors or a 1.5-T system from one vendor. Fat-water phantom sets were measured as part of each subject's examination. Manual region-of-interest measurements on the %fat image, then cross-sectional bias, linearity, and long-term reproducibility were assessed. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-two phantom measurements were evaluable (90%). Bias ranged from 2.4 to - 3.8% for the lowest to the highest weight %fat. Regression fits of PDFF against synthesis weight %fat showed negligible non-linear effects and a linear slope of 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.938, 0.947). We observed significant vendor (p < 0.001) and field strength (p < 0.001) differences in bias and longitudinal variability. When the results were pooled across sites, vendors, and field strengths, the estimated reproducibility coefficient was 6.93% (95% CI: 6.25%, 7.81%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated good linearity, accuracy, and reproducibility for all investigated manufacturers and field strengths. However, significant vendor-dependent and field strength-dependent bias were found. While longitudinal PDFF measurements may be made using different field strength or vendor MR systems, if the MR system is not the same, based on these results, only PDFF changes ≥ 7% can be considered a true difference. KEY POINTS • Phantom fat fraction (PDFF) MRI measurements over 35 months demonstrated good linearity, accuracy, and reproducibility for the vendor systems investigated. • Non-linear effects were negligible (linear slope of 0.94) over 0-100% fat; however, significant vendor (p < 0.001) and field strength (p<0.001) differences in bias and longitudinal variability were identified. Bias ranged from 2.4 to - 3.8% for 0-100 weight% fat, respectively. • Measurement bias could affect the accuracy of PDFF in clinical use. As the reproducibility coefficient was 6.93%, only greater changes in % fat can be considered true differences when making longitudinal PDFF measurements on different MR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Schneider
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Erick M Remer
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Nancy A Obuchowski
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- CAnatomical Research Services and Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A21, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Sankar D Navaneethan
- Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Sethi S, Giza SA, Goldberg E, Empey MEET, de Ribaupierre S, Eastabrook GDM, de Vrijer B, McKenzie CA. Quantification of 1.5 T T 1 and T 2 * Relaxation Times of Fetal Tissues in Uncomplicated Pregnancies. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:113-121. [PMID: 33586269 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its many advantages, experience with fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited, as is knowledge of how fetal tissue relaxation times change with gestational age (GA). Quantification of fetal tissue relaxation times as a function of GA provides insight into tissue changes during fetal development and facilitates comparison of images across time and subjects. This, therefore, can allow the determination of biophysical tissue parameters that may have clinical utility. PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying previously unknown T1 and T2 * relaxation times of fetal tissues in uncomplicated pregnancies as a function of GA at 1.5 T. STUDY TYPE Pilot. POPULATION Nine women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies (28-38 weeks GA). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE All participants underwent two iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) acquisitions at different flip angles (6° and 20°) at 1.5 T. ASSESSMENT Segmentations of the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, muscle, and adipose tissue (AT) were conducted using water-only images and proton density fat fraction maps. Driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 (DESPOT1 ) was used to quantify the mean water T1 of the lungs, intraabdominal organs, and muscle, and the mean water and lipid T1 of AT. IDEAL T2 * maps were used to quantify the T2 * values of the lungs, intraabdominal organs, and muscle. STATISTICAL TESTS F-tests were performed to assess the T1 and T2 * changes of each analyzed tissue as a function of GA. RESULTS No tissue demonstrated a significant change in T1 as a function of GA (lungs [P = 0.89]; liver [P = 0.14]; spleen [P = 0.59]; kidneys [P = 0.97]; muscle [P = 0.22]; AT: water [P = 0.36] and lipid [P = 0.14]). Only the spleen and muscle T2 * showed a significant decrease as a function of GA (lungs [P = 0.67); liver [P = 0.05]; spleen [P < 0.05]; kidneys [P = 0.70]; muscle [P < 0.05]). DATA CONCLUSION These preliminary data suggest that the T1 of the investigated tissues is relatively stable over 28-38 weeks GA, while the T2 * change in spleen and muscle decreases significantly in that period. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sethi
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Giza
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Estee Goldberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Genevieve D M Eastabrook
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Smith LM, Wade TP, Friesen‐Waldner LJ, McKenzie CA. Optimizing SNR for multi-metabolite hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI using a hybrid flip-angle scheme. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1510-1517. [PMID: 32011018 PMCID: PMC7318277 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the SNR of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI of [1-13 C]pyruvate using a multispectral variable flip angle (msVFA) scheme in which the spectral profile and flip angle vary dynamically with time. METHODS Each image acquisition in a time-resolved imaging experiment used a unique spectrally varying RF pulse shape for msVFA. Therefore, the flip angle for every acquisition was optimized for pyruvate and each of its metabolites to yield the highest SNR across the acquisition. Multispectral VFA was compared with a spectrally varying constant flip-angle excitation model through simulations and in vivo. A modified broadband chemical shift-encoded gradient-echo sequence was used for in vivo experiments on six pregnant guinea pigs. Regions of interest placed in the placentae, maternal liver, and maternal kidneys were used as areas for SNR measurement. RESULTS In vivo experiments showed significant increases in SNR for msVFA relative to constant flip angle of up to 250% for multiple metabolites. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging with msVFA excitation produces improved SNR for all metabolites in organs of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Smith
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Division of MaternalFetal and Newborn HealthChildren’s Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Trevor P. Wade
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Robarts Research InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
- Division of MaternalFetal and Newborn HealthChildren’s Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
- Robarts Research InstituteUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada
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15
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Navaneethan SD, Kirwan JP, Remer EM, Schneider E, Addeman B, Arrigain S, Horwitz E, Fink JC, Lash JP, McKenzie CA, Rahman M, Rao PS, Schold JD, Shafi T, Taliercio JJ, Townsend RR, Feldman HI. Adiposity, Physical Function, and Their Associations With Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, and Adipokines in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 77:44-55. [PMID: 32798563 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVES Adiposity and physical fitness levels are major drivers of cardiometabolic risk, but these relationships have not been well-characterized in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intrahepatic fat, and physical function with inflammation, insulin resistance, and adipokine levels in patients with CKD. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Participants with stages 3-5 CKD not receiving maintenance dialysis, followed up at one of 8 clinical sites in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study, and who underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen at an annual CRIC Study visit (n = 419). PREDICTORS VAT volume, SAT volume, intrahepatic fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and time taken to complete the 400-m walk test (physical function). OUTCOMES Markers of inflammation (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 [TNFR1], and TNFR2), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), and adipokine levels (adiponectin, total and high molecular weight, resistin, and leptin). ANALYTICAL APPROACH Multivariable linear regression of VAT and SAT volume, intrahepatic fat, and physical function with individual markers (log-transformed values), adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Mean age of the study population was 64.3 years; 41% were women, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 53.2±14.6 (SD) mL/min/1.73m2. More than 85% were overweight or obese, and 40% had diabetes. Higher VAT volume, SAT volume, and liver proton density fat fraction were associated with lower levels of total and high-molecular-weight adiponectin, higher levels of leptin and insulin resistance, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum triglyceride levels. A slower 400-m walk time was associated only with higher levels of leptin, total adiponectin, plasma IL-6, and TNFR1 and did not modify the associations between fat measures and cardiometabolic risk factors. LIMITATIONS Lack of longitudinal data and dietary details. CONCLUSIONS Various measures of adiposity are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Physical function was also associated with the cardiometabolic risk factors studied and does not modify associations between fat measures and cardiometabolic risk factors. Longitudinal studies of the relationship between body fat and aerobic fitness with cardiovascular and kidney disease progression are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar D Navaneethan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Section of Nephrology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX; Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Erick M Remer
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Erika Schneider
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Susana Arrigain
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ed Horwitz
- Department of Nephrology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jeffrey C Fink
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James P Lash
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Canatomical Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahboob Rahman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Panduranga S Rao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jesse D Schold
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Center for Populations Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tariq Shafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | | | - Raymond R Townsend
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Harold I Feldman
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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16
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Goldberg E, McKenzie CA, de Vrijer B, Eagleson R, de Ribaupierre S. Fetal Response to a Maternal Internal Auditory Stimulus. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:139-145. [PMID: 31951084 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional MRI (fMRI) is a noninvasive method to investigate the neural correlates of brain development. Insight into the rapidly developing brain in utero is limited, and fetal fMRI can be used to gain a greater understanding of the developmental process. Fetal brain fMRI is typically limited to resting-state fMRI due to the difficulty to instruct or provide a stimulus to the fetus. Previous studies have employed auditory task fMRI with an external sound stimulus directly on the abdomen of the mother; however, this practice has since been deemed unsafe for the developing fetus. PURPOSE To investigate a reliable and safe paradigm to study the development of fetal brain networks, we postulated that an internal task, such as the mother's singing, as the auditory stimulus would result in activation in the fetal primary auditory cortex. STUDY TYPE Cohort. POPULATION Pregnant women with singleton pregnancies (n = 9; 33-38 weeks gestational age). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE All subjects underwent two task-based block design blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) at 1.5T or 3T. ASSESSMENT Each volume was assessed for fetal motion and manually reoriented and realigned to correct for fetal motion. Once the motion was corrected, a gestational age-matched parcellated atlas with regions of interest overlaid onto the activation map was used to determine which regions in the brain had activation during task phases. STATISTICAL TESTS First Level Analysis. MRI data were analyzed using SPM 12 as a task fMRI. RESULTS Eight subjects had activation on the right Heschl's gyrus; six fetuses demonstrated activation on the left when exposed to the internal acoustic stimulus. Additionally, activation was found on the right and left middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and the left putamen. DATA CONCLUSION Maternal singing can be used as an internal stimulus to activate the auditory network and Heschl's gyrus during fetal fMRI. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:139-145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estee Goldberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy Eagleson
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Professor of Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandrine de Ribaupierre
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Professor of Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Hu HH, Branca RT, Hernando D, Karampinos DC, Machann J, McKenzie CA, Wu HH, Yokoo T, Velan SS. Magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and metabolic disorders: Summary from the 2019 ISMRM Workshop. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:1565-1576. [PMID: 31782551 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 attendees from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Netherlands, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States convened in Singapore for the 2019 ISMRM-sponsored workshop on MRI of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The scientific program brought together a multidisciplinary group of researchers, trainees, and clinicians and included sessions in diabetes and insulin resistance; an update on recent advances in water-fat MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods; with applications in skeletal muscle, bone marrow, and adipose tissue quantification; a summary of recent findings in brown adipose tissue; new developments in imaging fat in the fetus, placenta, and neonates; the utility of liver elastography in obesity studies; and the emerging role of radiomics in population-based "big data" studies. The workshop featured keynote presentations on nutrition, epidemiology, genetics, and exercise physiology. Forty-four proffered scientific abstracts were also presented, covering the topics of brown adipose tissue, quantitative liver analysis from multiparametric data, disease prevalence and population health, technical and methodological developments in data acquisition and reconstruction, newfound applications of machine learning and neural networks, standardization of proton density fat fraction measurements, and X-nuclei applications. The purpose of this article is to summarize the scientific highlights from the workshop and identify future directions of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rosa Tamara Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.,Singapore BioImaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
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Wan R, McKenzie CA, Taylor D, Camporota L, Ostermann M. Acute kidney injury as a risk factor of hyperactive delirium: A case control study. J Crit Care 2019; 55:194-197. [PMID: 31756583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Delirium and acute kidney injury (AKI) are common organ dysfunctions during critical illness. Both conditions are associated with serious short- and long-term complications. We investigated whether AKI is a risk factor for hyperactive delirium. METHODS This was a single-centre case control study conducted in a 30 bedded mixed Intensive Care Unit in the UK. Hyperactive delirium cases were identified by antipsychotic initiation and confirmation of delirium diagnosis through validated chart review. Cases were compared with non-delirium controls matched by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and gender. AKI was defined by the KDIGO criteria. RESULTS 142 cases and 142 matched controls were identified. AKI stage 3 was independently associated with hyperactive delirium [Odds ratio (OR) 5.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.33-12.51]. Other independent risk factors were mechanical ventilation [OR 2.70 (95% CI 1.40-5.21)], alcohol use disorder [OR 5.80 (95% CI 1.90-17.72)], and dementia [OR 9.76 (95% CI 1.09-87.56)]. Hospital length of stay was significantly longer in delirium cases (29 versus 20 days; p = .004) but hospital mortality was not different. CONCLUSIONS AKI stage 3 is independently associated with hyperactive delirium. Further research is required to explore the factors that contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryy Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK.
| | - C A McKenzie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK; Department of Pharmacy, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - D Taylor
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK; Department of Pharmacy, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - L Camporota
- King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - M Ostermann
- King's College London, Department of Critical Care, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, UK
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19
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Wang X, Watt CF, Sinclair KJ, McKenzie CA, Staples JF, MacCannell ADV. Thermoneutral temperature reduces liver volume but increases fat content in a mammalian hibernator. J Therm Biol 2019; 83:172-177. [PMID: 31331516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hibernators survive challenging winters by entering torpor, which lowers body temperature (Tb) to ∼5 °C for 12-14 days, followed by spontaneous arousals where Tb increases to ∼37 °C for 10-12 h before entering another torpor bout. This Tb cycle is accompanied by significant fluctuations in metabolic rate. Little is known about the role of the liver in lipid metabolism during hibernation. In this study we measured the effect of ambient temperature on liver volume and lipid content in 13-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). We housed animals at thermoneutral (25 °C) or cold (5 °C) ambient temperatures, with the same photoperiod (12 h light:12 h dark) for an entire year. We determined volume and water-fat ratio of the liver using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ambient temperature significantly affected both liver volume and fat content. From October to August squirrels housed at 25 °C had 25% smaller livers compared to the squirrels housed at 5 °C, but their average lipid content (13.3%) was 37% higher. Because the squirrels housed at 25 °C appeared to continue feeding throughout the winter but did not enter extended torpor, more carbohydrates may have been diverted to lipid stores. By contrast, animals housed at 5 °C did not appear to feed, and carbohydrates would likely be preferentially stored in the liver as glycogen to supply glucose for brain metabolism. These results suggest that the fat burden caused by hibernators preparing for winter can lead to symptoms of metabolic syndrome, but that these symptoms are reversible in the spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Wang
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B8, Canada; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Christine F Watt
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B8, Canada
| | - Kevin J Sinclair
- Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B8, Canada
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MacCannell ADV, Sinclair KJ, Tattersall GJ, McKenzie CA, Staples JF. Identification of a lipid-rich depot in the orbital cavity of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.195750. [PMID: 30679243 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.195750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a previously undescribed orbital lipid depot in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel during the first ever magnetic resonance image (MRI) of this common experimental model of mammalian hibernation. In animals housed at constant ambient temperatures (5°C or 25°C, 12 h:12 h light:dark photoperiod), the volume of this depot increased in the autumn and decreased in the spring, suggesting an endogenous circannual pattern. Water-fat MRI revealed that throughout the year this depot is composed of ∼40% lipid, similar to brown adipose tissue (BAT). During arousal from torpor, thermal images showed higher surface temperatures near this depot before the rest of the head warmed, suggesting a thermoregulatory function. This depot, however, does not contain uncoupling protein 1, a BAT biomarker, or uncoupling protein 3. Histology shows blood vessels in close proximity to each other, suggesting it may serve as a vascular rete, perhaps to preferentially warm the eye and brain during arousals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D V MacCannell
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B8, Canada .,Discovery and Translational Science Department, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9DA, UK
| | - Kevin J Sinclair
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Glenn J Tattersall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B8, Canada
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21
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Grant CJ, Wade TP, McKenzie CA, Filler G, McIntyre CW, Huang SHS. Effect of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis on hepatic and total-body water: an observational study. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:356. [PMID: 30541478 PMCID: PMC6292051 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-1150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatic circulation is involved in adaptive systemic responses to circulatory stress. However, it is vulnerable to both chronic hypervolemia and cardiac dysfunction. The influence of hemodialysis (HD) and ultrafiltration (UF) upon liver water content has been understudied. We conducted a detailed pilot study to characterize the effects of HD upon liver water content and stiffness, referenced to peripheral fluid mobilization and total body water. METHODS We studied 14 established HD patients without liver disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with ultrasound-based elastography and bioimpedance assessment were employed to measure hepatic water content and stiffness, body composition, and water content in the calf pre- and post-HD. RESULTS Mean UF volume was 8.13 ± 4.4 mL/kg/hr. Fluid removal was accompanied with effective mobilization of peripheral water (measured with MRI within the thigh) from 0.85 ± 0.21 g/mL to 0.83 ± 0.18 g/mL, and reduction in total body water (38.9 ± 9.4 L to 37.4 ± 8.6 L). However, directly-measured liver water content did not decrease (0.57 ± 0.1 mL/g to 0.79 ± 0.3 m L/g). Liver water content and IVC diameter were inversely proportional (r = - 0.57, p = 0.03), a relationship which persisted after dialysis. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to the reduced total body water content, liver water content did not decrease post-HD, consistent with a diversion of blood to the hepatic circulation, in those with signs of greater circulatory stress. This novel observation suggests that there is a unique hepatic response to HD with UF and that the liver may play a more important role in intradialytic hypotension and fluid shifts than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Grant
- The Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, Victoria Hospital, Western University, A2-344, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Trevor P Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guido Filler
- The Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, Victoria Hospital, Western University, A2-344, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher W McIntyre
- The Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, Victoria Hospital, Western University, A2-344, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Lawson Health Research, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shih-Han S Huang
- The Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit, Victoria Hospital, Western University, A2-344, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Lawson Health Research, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada.
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22
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Giza SA, Olmstead C, McCooeye DA, Miller MR, Penava DA, Eastabrook GD, McKenzie CA, de Vrijer B. Measuring fetal adipose tissue using 3D water-fat magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:831-837. [PMID: 30189758 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1506438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Analysis of fetal adipose tissue volumes may provide useful insight towards assessment of overall fetal health, especially in cases with abnormal fetal growth. Here, we assess whether fetal adipose tissue volume can be reliably measured using 3D water-fat MRI, using a quantitative assessment of the lipid content of tissues.Materials and methods: Seventeen women with singleton pregnancies underwent a fetal MRI and water-only and fat-only images were acquired (modified 2-point Dixon technique). Water and fat images were used to generate a fat signal fraction (fat/(water + fat)) from which subcutaneous adipose tissue was segmented along the fetal trunk. Inter-rater (three readers) and intrarater reliability was assessed using intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC) for 10 image sets. Relationships between adipose tissue measurements and gestational age and estimated fetal weight percentiles were examined.Results: The ICC of the inter-rater reliability was 0.936 (p < .001), and the ICC of the intrarater reliability was 0.992 (p < .001). Strong positive correlations were found between adipose tissue measurements (lipid volume, lipid volume/total fetal volume, mean fat signal fraction) and gestational age.Conclusions: 3D water-fat MRI can reliably measure volume and quantify lipid content of fetal subcutaneous adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Giza
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Olmstead
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel A McCooeye
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael R Miller
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah A Penava
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Genevieve D Eastabrook
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Koreman T, Giza SA, Eastabrook G, Penava D, McKenzie CA, de Vrijer B. Fetal Subcutaneous Fat by 3D Water-Fat MRI is Independent of Maternal Obesity, Excessive Pregnancy Weight Gain and Diabetes. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Delhaes F, Giza SA, Koreman T, Eastabrook G, McKenzie CA, Bedell S, Regnault TRH, de Vrijer B. Altered maternal and placental lipid metabolism and fetal fat development in obesity: Current knowledge and advances in non-invasive assessment. Placenta 2018; 69:118-124. [PMID: 29907450 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal maternal lipid profiles, a hallmark of increased maternal adiposity, are associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, and offspring long-term metabolic health is impacted as the consequence of altered fetal growth, physiology and often iatrogenic prematurity. The metabolic changes associated with maternal obesity and/or the consumption of a high-fat diet effecting maternal lipid profiles and metabolism have also been documented to specifically affect placental function and may underlie changes in fetal development and life course disease risk. The placenta plays a critical role in mediating nutritional signals between the fetus and the mother. As obesity rates in women of reproductive age continue to increase, it is becoming evident that inclusion of new technologies that allow for a better understanding of early changes in placental lipid transport and metabolism, non-invasively in maternal circulation, maternal tissues, placenta, fetal circulation and fetal tissues are needed to aid timely clinical diagnosis and treatment for obesity-associated diseases. This review describes pregnancy lipid homeostasis, with specific reference to changes arising from altered maternal body composition on placental and fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Current technologies for lipid assessments, such as metabolomics and lipidomics may be impacted by labour or mode of delivery and are only reflective of a single time point. This review further addresses how established and novel technologies for assessing lipids and their metabolism non-invasively and during the course of pregnancy may guide future research into the effect of maternal metabolic health on pregnancy outcome, placenta and fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Delhaes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stephanie A Giza
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tianna Koreman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Samantha Bedell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Giza SA, Miller MR, Parthasarathy P, de Vrijer B, McKenzie CA. Comparison of modified two-point dixon and chemical shift encoded MRI water-fat separation methods for fetal fat quantification. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:274-282. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Giza
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Michael R. Miller
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health; Children's Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Paediatrics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | | | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health; Children's Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Western University; London Ontario Canada
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Ontario Canada
- Division of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health; Children's Health Research Institute; London Ontario Canada
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MacCannell ADV, Sinclair KJ, McKenzie CA, Staples JF. Environmental temperature effects on adipose tissue growth in a hibernator. J Exp Biol 2018; 222:jeb.194548. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.194548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obligate hibernators express circannual patterns of body mass and hibernation, which persist under constant laboratory conditions. Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is important for thermogenesis during arousals from hibernation, whereas White Adipose Tissue (WAT) serves as energy storage and thermal insulation. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of environmental temperature on BAT and WAT. We hypothesized that changes to environmental temperature would not influence the pattern of mass gain or BAT and WAT volume in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). To test this, we housed animals thermoneutral 25°C (warm-housed) or 5°C (cold-housed), with the same photoperiod (12 h light:12 h dark) over an entire year. Throughout the year we measured the volume and water-fat ratio of WAT and BAT using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We found no evidence of torpor in the warm-housed animals, indicating that this species might not be an obligate hibernator, as previously assumed. Regardless of ambient temperature BAT volume increased prior to winter, then decreased in late winter with no change in water-fat ratio. By contrast both body mass and WAT volume of cold-housed animals declined throughout the winter and recovered after hibernation, but thermoneutral housing produced no circannual pattern in body mass, even though WAT volume declined in late winter. Cold exposure appears to be a primary regulator for WAT but BAT may exhibit an endogenous circannual rhythm in terms of depot volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. V. MacCannell
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B8, Canada
- Current address: Discovery and Translational Science Dept., University of Leeds, Leeds, LS29JT, UK
| | - Kevin J. Sinclair
- Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - James F. Staples
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A5B8, Canada
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MacCannell A, Sinclair K, Friesen-Waldner L, McKenzie CA, Staples JF. Water-fat MRI in a hibernator reveals seasonal growth of white and brown adipose tissue without cold exposure. J Comp Physiol B 2017; 187:759-767. [PMID: 28324157 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-017-1075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obligate hibernators, such as ground squirrels, display circannual patterns which persist even under constant laboratory conditions, suggesting that they are regulated by endogenous rhythms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important for thermogenesis during periodic arousals from hibernation when core body temperature rises spontaneously from 5 to 37 °C. In most small eutherians BAT growth requires several weeks of cold exposure. We hypothesized that in the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), a hibernator, BAT growth is regulated, in part, by an endogenous rhythm and we predicted that this growth would precede the hibernation season without cold exposure. We tested this prediction using repeated water-fat magnetic resonance imaging over a year, including the hibernation season. Thoracic BAT depots increased in volume from spring through autumn even though animals were housed at ~22 °C. Subsequent cold exposure (5 °C) enlarged the thoracic BAT further. The fat fraction of this tissue fell significantly during the period of peak growth, indicating relative increases in non-triglyceride components, perhaps mitochondria or vasculature. We also found that the proportion of the body consisting of white adipose tissue (WAT) increased steadily from spring through autumn, and fell throughout hibernation, mirroring changes in body mass. Unlike BAT, WAT fat fractions remained constant (near 90%) throughout the year. Future studies will evaluate the significance of photoperiod and cold exposure on the growth of these tissues. We also found tissue with a fat fraction characteristic of BAT in the head near the eyes, a potentially novel discovery that requires further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda MacCannell
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - Kevin Sinclair
- Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | | | - Charles A McKenzie
- Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B8, Canada
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B8, Canada.
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Joy TR, McKenzie CA, Tirona RG, Summers K, Seney S, Chakrabarti S, Malhotra N, Beaton MD. Sitagliptin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:141-150. [PMID: 28104990 PMCID: PMC5221278 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin vs placebo on histologic and non-histologic parameters of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
METHODS Twelve patients with biopsy-proven NASH were randomized to sitagliptin (100 mg daily) (n = 6) or placebo (n = 6) for 24 wk. The primary outcome was improvement in liver fibrosis after 24 wk. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of changes in NAFLD activity score (NAS), individual components of NAS (hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and steatosis), glycemic control and insulin resistance [including measurements of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and adipocytokines], lipid profile including free fatty acids, adipose distribution measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and thrombosis markers (platelet aggregation and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels). We also sought to determine the correlation between changes in hepatic fat fraction (%) [as measured using the Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least-squares estimation (IDEAL) MRI technique] and changes in hepatic steatosis on liver biopsy.
RESULTS Sitagliptin was not significantly better than placebo at reducing liver fibrosis score as measured on liver biopsy (mean difference between sitagliptin and placebo arms, 0.40, P = 0.82). There were no significant improvements evident with the use of sitagliptin vs placebo for the secondary histologic outcomes of NAS total score as well as for the individual components of NAS. Compared to baseline, those patients who received sitagliptin demonstrated improved HbA1C (6.7% ± 0.4% vs 7.9% ± 1.0%, P = 0.02), and trended towards improved adiponectin levels (4.7 ± 3.5 μg/mL vs 3.9 ± 2.7 μg/mL, P = 0.06) and triglyceride levels (1.26 ± 0.43 mmol/L vs 2.80 ± 1.64 mmol/L, P = 0.08). However, when compared with placebo, sitagliptin did not cause a statistically significant improvement in HbA1C (mean difference, -0.7%, P = 0.19) nor triglyceride levels (mean difference -1.10 mmol/L, P = 0.19) but did trend towards improved adiponectin levels only (mean difference, 0.60 μg/mL, P = 0.095). No significant changes in anthropometrics, liver enzymes, other adipocytokines, lipid profile, thrombosis parameters, or adipose distribution were demonstrated. The MRI IDEAL procedure correlated well with steatosis scores obtained on liver biopsy in both groups at baseline and post-treatment, and the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from r = 0.819 (baseline) to r = 0.878 (post-treatment), P = 0.002.
CONCLUSION Sitagliptin does not improve fibrosis score or NAS after 24 wk of therapy. The MRI IDEAL technique may be useful for non-invasive measurement of hepatic steatosis.
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Winkler SA, Alejski A, Wade T, McKenzie CA, Rutt BK. On the accurate analysis of vibroacoustics in head insert gradient coils. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1635-1645. [PMID: 27859549 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To accurately analyze vibroacoustics in MR head gradient coils. THEORY AND METHODS A detailed theoretical model for gradient coil vibroacoustics, including the first description and modeling of Lorentz damping, is introduced and implemented in a multiphysics software package. Numerical finite-element method simulations were used to establish a highly accurate vibroacoustic model in head gradient coils in detail, including the newly introduced Lorentz damping effect. Vibroacoustic coupling was examined through an additional modal analysis. Thorough experimental studies were used to validate simulations. RESULTS Average experimental sound pressure levels (SPLs) and accelerations over the 0-3000 Hz frequency range were 97.6 dB, 98.7 dB, and 95.4 dB, as well as 20.6 g, 8.7 g, and 15.6 g for the X-, Y-, and Z-gradients, respectively. A reasonable agreement between simulations and measurements was achieved. Vibroacoustic coupling showed a coupled resonance at 2300 Hz for the Z-gradient that is responsible for a sharp peak and the highest SPL value in the acoustic spectrum. CONCLUSION We have developed and used more realistic multiphysics simulation methods to gain novel insights into the underlying concepts for vibroacoustics in head gradient coils, which will permit improved analyses of existing gradient coils and novel SPL reduction strategies for future gradient coil designs. Magn Reson Med 78:1635-1645, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Winkler
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrew Alejski
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor Wade
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,The Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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30
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Chen AC, Martin AJ, Dalziell RA, McKenzie CA, Lowe PM, Eris JM, Scolyer RA, Dhillon HM, Vardy JL, Bielski VA, Halliday GM, Damian DL. A phase II randomized controlled trial of nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention in renal transplant recipients. Br J Dermatol 2016; 175:1073-1075. [PMID: 27061568 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Chen
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A J Martin
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - R A Dalziell
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - C A McKenzie
- Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - P M Lowe
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - J M Eris
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - R A Scolyer
- Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - H M Dhillon
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J L Vardy
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - V A Bielski
- Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - G M Halliday
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - D L Damian
- Dermatology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia. .,Central Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE A new approach to mapping the flip angle quickly and efficiently in 3D based on the Look-Locker technique is presented. METHODS We modified the accelerated 3D Look-Locker T1 measurement technique to allow rapid measurement of flip angle. By removing the inversion pulses and interleaving two radio frequency pulses with different amplitude, it is possible to fit directly for the true flip angle using a reduced number of parameters. This technique, non-inverted Double Angle Look-Locker, allows quick and efficient mapping of the flip angle in 3D. RESULTS non-inverted Double Angle Look-Locker is validated in vitro against the actual flip angle imaging technique for a range of flip angles and T1 values. Flip angle maps produced with non-inverted Double Angle Look-Locker can be acquired in approximately 1 min, and are accurate to within 10% of the actual flip angle imaging measurement. It is shown to accurately measure the excited slab profile of several different pulses. An application to correcting in vivo DESPOT T1 data is presented. CONCLUSION The presented technique is a rapid method for mapping flip angles across a 3D volume, capable of producing a flip angle map in approximately 1 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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32
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Wiens CN, McCurdy CM, Willig-Onwuachi JD, McKenzie CA. R2*-corrected water-fat imaging using compressed sensing and parallel imaging. Magn Reson Med 2016; 71:608-16. [PMID: 23475787 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate an approach to water-fat separation with R2* correction using compressed sensing and parallel imaging. METHODS Acquisition times for chemical shift based water-fat separation imaging are lengthy, and many applications rely on image acceleration techniques. In this study, we present an integrated compressed sensing, parallel imaging, R2* corrected water-fat separation technique for water-fat imaging of highly accelerated acquisitions. Reconstruction times are reduced using coil compression. RESULTS The proposed technique is demonstrated using a customized IDEAL-SPGR pulse sequence to acquire retrospectively and prospectively undersampled datasets of the liver, calf, knee, and abdominal cavity. This technique is shown to offer comparable image quality relative to fully sampled reference images for a range of acceleration factors. At high acceleration factors, this technique is shown to offer improved image quality over parallel imaging. CONCLUSION A technique is described that uses compressed sensing and parallel imaging to reconstruct R2*-corrected water and fat images from accelerated datasets. Acceleration factors as high as 7.0 are shown with excellent image quality. These high acceleration factors enable water-fat separation with higher resolution or greater anatomical coverage in breath-hold applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis N Wiens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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33
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Friesen-Waldner LJ, Sinclair KJ, Wade TP, Michael B, Chen AP, de Vrijer B, Regnault TRH, McKenzie CA. Hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate MRI for noninvasive examination of placental metabolism and nutrient transport: A feasibility study in pregnant guinea pigs. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:750-5. [PMID: 26227963 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the feasibility of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for noninvasive examination of guinea pig fetoplacental metabolism and nutrient transport. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven pregnant guinea pigs with a total of 30 placentae and fetuses were anesthetized and scanned at 3T. T1 -weighted (1) H images were obtained from the maternal abdomen. An 80 mM solution of hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate (hereafter referred to as pyruvate) was injected into a vein in the maternal foot. Time-resolved 3D (13) C images were acquired starting 10 seconds after the beginning of bolus injection and every 10 seconds after to 50 seconds. The pregnant guinea pigs were recovered after imaging. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn around the maternal heart and each placenta and fetal liver in all slices in the (1) H images. These ROIs were copied to the (13) C images and were used to calculate the sum of the pyruvate and lactate signal intensities for each organ. The signal intensities were normalized by the volume of the organ and the maximum signal in the maternal heart. RESULTS No adverse events were observed in the pregnant guinea pigs and natural pupping occurred at term (∼68 days). Pyruvate signal was observed in all 30 placentae, and lactate, a by-product of pyruvate metabolism, was also observed in all placentae. The maximum pyruvate and lactate signals in placentae occurred at 20 seconds. In addition to the observation of pyruvate and lactate signals in the placentae, both pyruvate and lactate signals were observed in all fetal livers. The maximum pyruvate and lactate signals in the fetal livers occurred at 10 seconds and 20 seconds, respectively. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates the feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]pyruvate MRI to noninvasively examine fetoplacental metabolism and transport of pyruvate in guinea pigs. Hyperpolarized (13) C MRI may provide a novel method for longitudinal studies of fetoplacental abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin J Sinclair
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor P Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Banoub Michael
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy R H Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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34
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Wells M, Li ZJ, Addeman B, McKenzie CA, Mujoomdar A, Beaton M, Bird J. Computed tomography measurement of hepatic steatosis: Prevalence of hepatic steatosis in a Canadian population. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015:16940. [PMID: 26125108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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35
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Soliman AS, Wiens CN, Wade TP, McKenzie CA. Fat quantification using an interleaved bipolar acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2000-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abraam S. Soliman
- Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; Western University; London Canada
| | - Curtis N. Wiens
- Department of Radiology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Trevor P. Wade
- Robarts Research Institute; Western University; London Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Canada
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; Western University; London Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; Western University; London Canada
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36
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Shulman R, McKenzie CA, Landa J, Bourne RS, Jones A, Borthwick M, Tomlin M, Jani YH, West D, Bates I. Pharmacist's review and outcomes: Treatment-enhancing contributions tallied, evaluated, and documented (PROTECTED-UK). J Crit Care 2015; 30:808-13. [PMID: 25971871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to describe clinical pharmacist interventions across a range of critical care units (CCUs) throughout the United Kingdom, to identify CCU medication error rate and prescription optimization, and to identify the type and impact of each intervention in the prevention of harm and improvement of patient therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was undertaken in 21 UK CCUs from November 5 to 18, 2012. A data collection web portal was designed where the specialist critical care pharmacist reported all interventions at their site. Each intervention was classified as medication error, optimization, or consult. In addition, a clinical impact scale was used to code the interventions. Interventions were scored as low impact, moderate impact, high impact, and life saving. The final coding was moderated by blinded independent multidisciplinary trialists. RESULTS A total of 20517 prescriptions were reviewed with 3294 interventions recorded during the weekdays. This resulted in an overall intervention rate of 16.1%: 6.8% were classified as medication errors, 8.3% optimizations, and 1.0% consults. The interventions were classified as low impact (34.0%), moderate impact (46.7%), and high impact (19.3%); and 1 case was life saving. Almost three quarters of interventions were to optimize the effectiveness of and improve safety of pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS This observational study demonstrated that both medication error resolution and pharmacist-led optimization rates were substantial. Almost 1 in 6 prescriptions required an intervention from the clinical pharmacist. The error rate was slightly lower than an earlier UK prescribing error study (EQUIP). Two thirds of the interventions were of moderate to high impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shulman
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom.
| | - C A McKenzie
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy and Critical Care, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - J Landa
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy and Critical Care, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - R S Bourne
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy, Sheffield, S5 7AU, United Kingdom
| | - A Jones
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy and Critical Care, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - M Borthwick
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Pharmacy, Oxford, OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - M Tomlin
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Y H Jani
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Pharmacy, London, NW1 2BU, United Kingdom; UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - D West
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - I Bates
- UCL School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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Kayvanrad MH, McLeod AJ, Baxter JS, McKenzie CA, Peters TM. Stationary wavelet transform for under-sampled MRI reconstruction. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:1353-64. [PMID: 25131624 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Wiens CN, Friesen-Waldner LJ, Wade TP, Sinclair KJ, McKenzie CA. Chemical shift encoded imaging of hyperpolarized (13) C pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1682-9. [PMID: 25427313 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate a reconstruction technique for separating signal from different hyperpolarized carbon-13 metabolites. METHODS A reconstruction method is described for chemical shift encoded separation of the signal from pyruvate and its downstream metabolites. This method uses consistency of the data with the signal model rather than an additional free-induction decay (FID) acquisition to estimate the B0 offset. Compressed sensing was also integrated into the reconstruction allowing reconstruction of metabolite images from undersampled datasets. The performance of the reconstruction was assessed using thermal phantoms, digital phantoms, and in vivo hyperpolarized [1-(13) C] pyruvate experiments. RESULTS Thermal and digital phantoms indicate that metabolite separation is feasible given Signal-to-noise ratio > 5 and an initial B0 offset estimate within -105 Hz to 90 Hz of the actual B0 offset. In vivo comparisons to an existing FID calibrated reconstruction show improved fidelity in regions with significant field map inhomogeneity provided that these field map variations are accounted for using an additional proton acquisition. Prospectively and retrospectively undersampled studies show acceleration factors of 2 are feasible using compressed sensing. CONCLUSION A reconstruction framework for the separation of signal from pyruvate and its downstream metabolites is shown. This reconstruction eliminates the need to acquire additional calibration FID acquisition and allows acceleration through compressed sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis N Wiens
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lanette J Friesen-Waldner
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Trevor P Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Kevin J Sinclair
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
| | - Charles A McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.,Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
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39
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Friesen-Waldner LJ, Wiens CN, Wade TP, Thind K, Sinclair KP, Hovav Y, Gomori JM, Sosna J, McKenzie CA, Katz-Brull R. Direct enzyme-substrate affinity determination by real-time hyperpolarized (13)C-MRS. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:13801-4. [PMID: 25253534 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05418k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A specialized kinetic analysis of real-time hyperpolarized [1,1,2,2-D4, 1-(13)C]choline (13)C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy enabled the determination of initial rates of metabolic enzyme activity (choline oxidase), enzyme-substrate affinity (Km), and inhibition. In a clinical MRI scanner, metabolite levels lower than 16 μM were detected at a temporal resolution of 1 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Friesen-Waldner
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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40
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Friesen-Waldner LJ, Wade TP, Thind K, Chen AP, Gomori JM, Sosna J, McKenzie CA, Katz-Brull R. Hyperpolarized choline as an MR imaging molecular probe: feasibility of in vivo imaging in a rat model. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:917-23. [PMID: 24862837 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of choline MRI using a new choline molecular probe for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) hyperpolarized MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 400 ± 20 g (n = 5), were anesthetized and injection tubing was placed in the tail vein. [1,1,2,2-D4 , 1-(13) C]choline chloride (CMP1) was hyperpolarized by DNP and injected into rats at doses ranging from 12.6 to 50.0 mg/kg. Coronal projection (13) C imaging was performed on a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner (bore size 60 cm) using a variable flip angle gradient echo sequence. Images were acquired 15 to 45 s after the start of bolus injection. Signal intensities in regions of interest were determined at each time point and compared. RESULTS (13) C MRI images of hyperpolarized CMP1 at a 50 mg/kg dose showed time-dependent organ distribution patterns. At 15 s, high intensities were observed in the inferior vena cava, heart, aorta, and kidneys. At 30 s, most of the signal intensity was localized to the kidneys. These distribution patterns were reproduced using 12.6 and 25 mg/kg doses. At 45 s, only signal in the kidneys was detected. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized choline imaging with MRI is feasible using a stable-isotope labeled choline analog (CMP1). Nonradioactive imaging of choline accumulation may provide a new investigatory dimension for kidney physiology. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:917-923. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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41
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Addeman BT, Kutty S, Perkins TG, Soliman AS, Wiens CN, McCurdy CM, Beaton MD, Hegele RA, McKenzie CA. Validation of volumetric and single-slice MRI adipose analysis using a novel fully automated segmentation method. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:233-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan T. Addeman
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Shelby Kutty
- University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska USA
- Children's Hospital & Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska USA
| | - Thomas G. Perkins
- University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska USA
- Philips Healthcare; Cleveland Ohio USA
| | - Abraam S. Soliman
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Curtis N. Wiens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Colin M. McCurdy
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Melanie D. Beaton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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Soliman AS, Yuan J, Vigen KK, White JA, Peters TM, McKenzie CA. Max-IDEAL: a max-flow based approach for IDEAL water/fat separation. Magn Reson Med 2013; 72:510-21. [PMID: 24006275 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a novel approach to water/fat separation using a unique smoothness constraint. THEORY AND METHODS Chemical-shift based water/fat separation is an established noninvasive imaging tool for the visualization of body fat in various anatomies. Nevertheless, B0 magnetic field inhomogeneities can hamper the water/fat separation process. In this work, B0 variations are mapped using a convex-relaxed labeling model which produces a coarse estimate of the field map, while considering T2* decay during the labeling process. Fat and water components are subsequently resolved using T2*-IDEAL. An adaptive spatial filtering (ASF) was introduced to improve the robustness of the estimate. The method was tested on cardiac and abdominal datasets from healthy volunteers and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients. RESULTS Out of 168 cardiac and abdominal images, only 1 case has shown water/fat swaps that can hinder the clinical interpretation of the underlying anatomy. CONCLUSION This work demonstrates a new water/fat separation approach that prevents the occurrence of water/fat swaps, by means of a unique smoothness constraint. Incorporating T2* effect in the labeling procedure and including the ASF processing enhance the robustness of the proposed approach and permit the procedure to handle abrupt B0 variations within the field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraam S Soliman
- Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
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Yang IY, Cui Y, Wiens CN, Wade TP, Friesen-Waldner LJ, McKenzie CA. Fat fraction bias correction using T1 estimates and flip angle mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:217-23. [PMID: 23559467 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new method of reducing T1 bias in proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measured with iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL). MATERIALS AND METHODS PDFF maps reconstructed from high flip angle IDEAL measurements were simulated and acquired from phantoms and volunteer L4 vertebrae. T1 bias was corrected using a priori T1 values for water and fat, both with and without flip angle correction. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) maps were used to measure precision of the reconstructed PDFF maps. PDFF measurements acquired using small flip angles were then compared to both sets of corrected large flip angle measurements for accuracy and precision. RESULTS Simulations show similar results in PDFF error between small flip angle measurements and corrected large flip angle measurements as long as T1 estimates were within one standard deviation from the true value. Compared to low flip angle measurements, phantom and in vivo measurements demonstrate better precision and accuracy in PDFF measurements if images were acquired at a high flip angle, with T1 bias corrected using T1 estimates and flip angle mapping. CONCLUSION T1 bias correction of large flip angle acquisitions using estimated T1 values with flip angle mapping yields fat fraction measurements of similar accuracy and superior precision compared to low flip angle acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issac Y Yang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Blake-Scarlettl BE, Younger N, McKenzie CA, Van den Broeck J, Powell C, Edwards S, Win SS, Wilks RJ. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among children six to ten years of age in the north-east health region of Jamaica. W INDIAN MED J 2013; 62:171-176. [PMID: 24564034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and correlates of overweight and obesity among children six to ten years old in the North-East Health Region (NEHR) ofJamaica. METHODS Weights and heights were measured in a representative sample of 5710 children between the ages of six and ten years in 34 schools between October 2008 and March 2009. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) Z-score > 1SD and >2SD, respectively based on the World Health Organization (WHO)-endorsed age and gender-specific growth standards for children. Point prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity were calculated. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations between overweight and obesity and age, gender and school location. RESULTS Overweight and obesity prevalence among children six to ten years old in NEHR, Jamaica, was 10.6% and 7.1%, respectively. Overweight (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.18) and obesity (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.26) prevalence increased significantly with age. Overweight (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.80) and obesity (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.67) prevalence was significantly higher among girls than boys. Children attending rural-public schools had less risk of being overweight (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.70) and obese (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.44) when compared with urban-public schools and private schools. Both overweight (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.60, 2.78) and obesity (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.28) were significantly more common among children attending private schools. After adjusting for age and gender the results still remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obesity prevalence among children six to ten years old in NEHR of Jamaica is 17.7% with older children and girls having higher rates. Children attending urban-public and private schools have higher prevalence than those attending rural schools. Appropriately targeted interventions are needed to combat this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Blake-Scarlettl
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| | - N Younger
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - C A McKenzie
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | | | - C Powell
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | | | | | - R J Wilks
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica
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Allouche-Arnon H, Wade T, Waldner LF, Miller VN, Gomori JM, Katz-Brull R, McKenzie CA. In vivomagnetic resonance imaging of glucose - initial experience. Contrast Media Mol Imaging 2012; 8:72-82. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyla Allouche-Arnon
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
- BrainWatch Ltd; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Trevor Wade
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Lanette Friesen Waldner
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
| | - Valentina N. Miller
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - J. Moshe Gomori
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
- BrainWatch Ltd; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Rachel Katz-Brull
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah; Hebrew University Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
- BrainWatch Ltd; Tel-Aviv Israel
| | - Charles A. McKenzie
- Department of Medical Biophysics; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
- Robarts Research Institute; The University of Western Ontario; London Ontario Canada
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Friesen-Waldner L, Chen A, Mander W, Scholl TJ, McKenzie CA. Optimisation of dynamic nuclear polarisation of [1-(13)C] pyruvate by addition of gadolinium-based contrast agents. J Magn Reson 2012; 223:85-89. [PMID: 22975238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarisation (DNP) of carbon-13 ((13)C) enriched endogenous compounds provides a novel means for magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of biological processes. Adding small amounts of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) to the (13)C-enriched substrate matrix increases the amount of hyperpolarisation that can be achieved, but also may decrease the longitudinal relaxation time (T(1)) of the (13)C nucleus in solution. This study examined the effects of five different GBCA at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mM on [1-(13)C]-enriched pyruvic acid. It was found that contrast agents with an open chain structure (Gadobenate dimeglumine, Gadopentetate dimeglumine, Gadodiamide) caused the largest enhancement (up to 82%) in solid state polarisation relative to solutions without GBCA. In the liquid state, T(1) of pyruvate decreased by as much as 62% and polarisation was much lower (70%) relative to solutions without GBCA added. Conversely, for GBCA with macrocyclic structures (Gadoterate meglumine, Gadoteridol), the solid state polarisation enhancement was only slightly less than the open chain GBCA, but enhanced polarisation was retained much better in the liquid state with minimal decrease in T(1) (25% at the highest GBCA concentrations). Near maximum polarisation in the solid state was obtained at a GBCA concentration of 2 mM, with a higher concentration of 3 mM producing minimal improvement. These results indicate that the macrocyclic contrast agents provide the best combination of high solid state and liquid state polarisations with minimal loss of T(1) in experiments with hyperpolarised (13)C-enriched pyruvate. This suggests that macrocyclic contrast agents should be the GBCA of choice for maximising signal in experiments with hyperpolarised (13)C-enriched pyruvate, particularly for in vivo measurements where shortened substrate T(1) is especially problematic.
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Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine 1) whether sex differences in quadriceps torque and isotonic power persist when controlling for muscle volume (i. e., torque/muscle volume and power/muscle volume) in participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and 2) the factors responsible for potential sex differences. Isometric torque, isotonic power (the product of torque and velocity, measured at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% maximal voluntary contraction; MVC) and maximal unloaded velocity were assessed in men (n=16, mean age=62.1 ± 7.2) and women (n=17, mean age=60.4 ± 4.3) with knee OA. Torque and power were normalized to muscle volume. The interpolated twitch technique was used to measure voluntary activation (VA) and evoked twitch and torque-frequency characteristics were measured to obtain information about muscle fibre distribution. Torque and power at all loads were significantly lower in women (p<0.05). Sex differences in power were reduced by 50% when controlling for muscle volume but were still significant at 10-40% MVC (p<0.05). No differences in VA, torque-frequency properties or time-to-peak tension of the evoked twitch were observed (p>0.05). These results suggest that only minor sex differences in torque and power persist when controlling for muscle volume. As VA and contractile property differences were not observed, other factors seem to be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Berger
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Gillies MA, McKenzie CA, Whiteley C, Beale RJ, Tibby SM. Safety of nicotine replacement therapy in critically ill smokers: a retrospective cohort study. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:1683-8. [PMID: 22618096 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been used to ameliorate nicotine withdrawal in the intensive care unit (ICU). Previous cohort studies have suggested an increased mortality with NRT use: methodological problems may call into question the validity of these findings. We undertook a retrospective cohort study to determine if NRT use was associated with adverse outcomes. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a 30-bed, university affiliated, teaching hospital ICU. RESULTS We identified 423 smokers admitted over 2 years, of whom 73 received transdermal NRT. Cox proportional hazard regression models, with NRT modelled as a time-varying covariate, were used to test the hypothesis that NRT was associated with an altered ICU or hospital mortality. A second analysis utilized propensity scores. The unadjusted ICU and hospital mortalities were lower for the NRT group; although both differences were non-significant. The Cox models showed that, after adjustment for APACHE risk, age, sex and alcohol use, risk associated with NRT administration was not statistically different than non-administration for both ICU (hazard ratio 0.50, [95 % CI 0.20-1.24], p = 0.14) and hospital (hazard ratio 0.95, [95 % CI 0.52-1.75], p = 0.88) mortality. Similar findings occurred with the propensity matched analysis. CONCLUSION We were unable to demonstrate any harm associated with NRT, with the ICU model actually trending towards benefit. We conclude that a randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial is required to assess adequately the safety and efficacy of NRT as a treatment in critically ill smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gillies
- Department of Critical Care, First Floor East Wing, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 9EH, UK.
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Berger MJ, McKenzie CA, Chess DG, Goela A, Doherty TJ. Quadriceps neuromuscular function and self-reported functional ability in knee osteoarthritis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:255-62. [PMID: 22604883 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00947.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine 1) the relationships of self-reported function scores in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) to both maximal isometric torque and to isotonic power at a variety of loads, and 2) the degree to which muscle volume (MV) or voluntary activation (VA) are associated with torque and power measures in this population. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque and isotonic power [performed at loads corresponding to 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% MVC, and a minimal load ("Zero Load")] were measured in 40 participants with knee OA. Functional ability was measured with the Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function subscale. MV was determined with magnetic resonance imaging, and VA was measured with the interpolated twitch technique. In general, power measured at lower loads (Zero Load and 10-30% MVC, r(2) = 0.21-0.28, P < 0.05) predicted a greater proportion of the variance in function than MVC torque (r(2) = 0.18, P < 0.05), with power measured at Zero Load showing the strongest association (r(2) = 0. 28, P < 0.05). MV was the strongest predictor of MVC torque and power measures in multiple regression models (r(2) = 0.42-0.72). VA explained only 6% of the variance in MVC torque and was not significantly associated with power at any load (P > 0.05). Quadriceps MVC torque and power are associated with self-reported function in knee OA, but muscle power at lower loads is more predictive of function than MVC torque. The variance in MVC torque and power between participants is due predominantly to differences in MV and has little to do with deficits in VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Berger
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
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Ward AD, Crukley C, McKenzie CA, Montreuil J, Gibson E, Romagnoli C, Gomez JA, Moussa M, Chin J, Bauman G, Fenster A. Prostate: registration of digital histopathologic images to in vivo MR images acquired by using endorectal receive coil. Radiology 2012; 263:856-64. [PMID: 22474671 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a technique for the registration of in vivo prostate magnetic resonance (MR) images to digital histopathologic images by using image-guided specimen slicing based on strand-shaped fiducial markers relating specimen imaging to histopathologic examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the institutional review board (the University of Western Ontario Health Sciences Research Ethics Board, London, Ontario, Canada), and written informed consent was obtained from all patients. This work proposed and evaluated a technique utilizing developed fiducial markers and real-time three-dimensional visualization in support of image guidance for ex vivo prostate specimen slicing parallel to the MR imaging planes prior to digitization, simplifying the registration process. Means, standard deviations, root-mean-square errors, and 95% confidence intervals are reported for all evaluated measurements. RESULTS The slicing error was within the 2.2 mm thickness of the diagnostic-quality MR imaging sections, with a tissue block thickness standard deviation of 0.2 mm. Rigid registration provided negligible postregistration overlap of the smallest clinically important tumors (0.2 cm(3)) at histologic examination and MR imaging, whereas the tested nonrigid registration method yielded a mean target registration error of 1.1 mm and provided useful coregistration of such tumors. CONCLUSION This method for the registration of prostate digital histopathologic images to in vivo MR images acquired by using an endorectal receive coil was sufficiently accurate for coregistering the smallest clinically important lesions with 95% confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Ward
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, the University of Western Ontario, PO Box 5015, 100 Perth Dr, London, ON, Canada N6A 5K8.
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