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Gutierrez‐Patricio S, Osman JR, Gonzalez‐Pimentel JL, Jurado V, Laiz L, Concepción AL, Saiz‐Jimenez C, Miller AZ. Microbiological exploration of the Cueva del Viento lava tube system in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Environ Microbiol Rep 2024; 16:e13245. [PMID: 38643985 PMCID: PMC11033209 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Cueva del Viento, located in the Canary Islands, Spain, is the Earth's sixth-longest lava tube, spanning 18,500 m, and was formed approximately 27,000 years ago. This complex volcanic cave system is characterized by a unique geomorphology, featuring an intricate network of galleries. Despite its geological significance, the geomicrobiology of Cueva del Viento remains largely unexplored. This study employed a combination of culture-dependent techniques and metabarcoding data analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the cave's microbial diversity. The 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach revealed that the coloured microbial mats (yellow, red and white) coating the cave walls are dominated by the phyla Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota and Acidobacteriota. Of particular interest is the high relative abundance of the genus Crossiella, which is involved in urease-mediated biomineralization processes, along with the presence of genera associated with nitrogen cycling, such as Nitrospira. Culture-dependent techniques provided insights into the morphological characteristics of the isolated species and their potential metabolic activities, particularly for the strains Streptomyces spp., Paenarthrobacter sp. and Pseudomonas spp. Our findings underscore the potential of Cueva del Viento as an ideal environment for studying microbial diversity and for the isolation and characterization of novel bacterial species of biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge R. Osman
- Instituto de Geología Económica Aplicada (GEA)Universidad de ConcepciónConcepciónChile
| | - José Luis Gonzalez‐Pimentel
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
- Laboratorio HERCULESUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Leonila Laiz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | | | - Cesareo Saiz‐Jimenez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
| | - Ana Zélia Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS‐CSIC)SevillaSpain
- Laboratorio HERCULESUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
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2
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Salvador B, Cabanellas‐Reboredo M, Garci ME, González ÁF, Hernández‐Urcera J. The best defense is a good offense: Anti-predator behavior of the common octopus ( Octopus vulgaris) against conger eel attacks. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11107. [PMID: 38510541 PMCID: PMC10951491 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We present the description of defensive behavior in wild Octopus vulgaris against conger eel (Conger conger) attacks based on three video sequences recorded by recreational SCUBA divers in the eastern Atlantic off the coast of Galicia (NW Spain) and in the Cantabrian Sea (NW Spain). These records document common traits in defensive behavior: (1) the octopuses enveloped the conger eel's head to obscure its view; (2) they covered the eel's gills in an attempt to suffocate it; (3) they released ink; (4) the octopuses lost some appendages because of the fight. In the third video, the octopus did not exhibit the defensive behavior described in the first two videos due to an inability to utilize its arms in defense, and the conger eel's success in capturing octopuses is discussed. Additionally, both the cost that the octopus could face by losing some arms during the fight and whether the experience it acquires can be an advantage for future encounters are analyzed. The defensive behavior exhibited by octopuses in this study highlights their ability to survive in a hostile environment and serves as an example of the extensive repertoire of anti-predator strategies employed by these cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Salvador
- ECOBIOMAR Research GroupInstitute of Marine Research (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
| | | | - Manuel E. Garci
- ECOBIOMAR Research GroupInstitute of Marine Research (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
| | - Ángel F. González
- ECOBIOMAR Research GroupInstitute of Marine Research (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
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3
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Ruiz-Navarro J, Calvo V, Izquierdo M. Extracellular vesicles and microvilli in the immune synapse. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1324557. [PMID: 38268920 PMCID: PMC10806406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1324557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) binding to cognate antigen on the plasma membrane of an antigen-presenting cell (APC) triggers the immune synapse (IS) formation. The IS constitutes a dedicated contact region between different cells that comprises a signaling platform where several cues evoked by TCR and accessory molecules are integrated, ultimately leading to an effective TCR signal transmission that guarantees intercellular message communication. This eventually leads to T lymphocyte activation and the efficient execution of different T lymphocyte effector tasks, including cytotoxicity and subsequent target cell death. Recent evidence demonstrates that the transmission of information between immune cells forming synapses is produced, to a significant extent, by the generation and secretion of distinct extracellular vesicles (EV) from both the effector T lymphocyte and the APC. These EV carry biologically active molecules that transfer cues among immune cells leading to a broad range of biological responses in the recipient cells. Included among these bioactive molecules are regulatory miRNAs, pro-apoptotic molecules implicated in target cell apoptosis, or molecules triggering cell activation. In this study we deal with the different EV classes detected at the IS, placing emphasis on the most recent findings on microvilli/lamellipodium-produced EV. The signals leading to polarized secretion of EV at the synaptic cleft will be discussed, showing that the IS architecture fulfills a fundamental task during this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz-Navarro
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Izquierdo
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (IIBM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Benítez‐Fernández R, Josa‐Prado F, Sánchez E, Lao Y, García‐Rubia A, Cumella J, Martínez A, Palomo V, de Castro F. Efficacy of a benzothiazole-based LRRK2 inhibitor in oligodendrocyte precursor cells and in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14552. [PMID: 38287523 PMCID: PMC10808848 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that currently lacks effective curative treatments. There is a need to find effective therapies, especially to reverse the progressive demyelination and neuronal damage. Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo mechanisms that enable spontaneously the partial repair of damaged lesions. The aim of this study was to discover small molecules with potential effects in demyelinating diseases, including (re)myelinating properties. METHODS Recently, it has been shown how LRRK2 inhibition promotes oligodendrogliogenesis and therefore an efficient repair or myelin damaged lesions. Here we explored small molecules inhibiting LRRK2 as potential enhancers of primary OPCs proliferation and differentiation, and their potential impact on the clinical score of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitys (EAE) mice, a validated model of the most frequent clinical form of MS, relapsing-remitting MS. RESULTS One of the LRRK2 inhibitors presented in this study promoted the proliferation and differentiation of OPC primary cultures. When tested in the EAE murine model of MS, it exerted a statistically significant reduction of the clinical burden of the animals, and histological evidence revealed how the treated animals presented a reduced lesion area in the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a small molecule with LRRK2 inhibition properties presented (re)myelinating properties in primary OPCs cultures and potentially in the in vivo murine model. This study provides an in vivo proof of concept for a LRRK2 inhibitor, confirming its potential for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Benítez‐Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas‐CSICMadridSpain
- Instituto Cajal‐CSICMadridSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - José Cumella
- Instituto de Química Médica, IQM‐CSICMadridSpain
| | - Ana Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas‐CSICMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Valle Palomo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios AvanzadosIMDEA NanocienciaMadridSpain
- Unidad de Nanobiotecnología Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
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Matilla MA, Krell T. Sensing the environment by bacterial plant pathogens: What do their numerous chemoreceptors recognize? Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14368. [PMID: 37929806 PMCID: PMC10832524 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have evolved multiple sensing strategies to efficiently adapt to their natural hosts and environments. In the context of plant pathology, chemotaxis allows phytopathogenic bacteria to direct their movement towards hosts through the detection of a landscape of plant-derived molecules, facilitating the initiation of the infective process. The importance of chemotaxis for the lifestyle of phytopathogens is also reflected in the fact that they have, on average, twice as many chemoreceptors as bacteria that do not interact with plants. Paradoxically, the knowledge about the function of plant pathogen chemoreceptors is scarce. Notably, many of these receptors seem to be specific to plant-interacting bacteria, suggesting that they may recognize plant-specific compounds. Here, we highlight the need to advance our knowledge of phytopathogen chemoreceptor function, which may serve as a base for the development of anti-infective therapies for the control of phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Matilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental ProtectionEstación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental ProtectionEstación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
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Ronquillo C, Stropp J, Medina NG, Hortal J. Exploring the impact of data curation criteria on the observed geographical distribution of mosses. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10786. [PMID: 38053793 PMCID: PMC10694387 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity data records contain inaccuracies and biases. To overcome this limitation and establish robust geographic patterns, ecologists often curate records keeping those that are most suitable for their analyses. Yet, this choice is not straightforward and the outcome of the analysis may vary due to a trade-off between data quality and volume. This problem is particularly recurrent for less-studied groups with patchy sampling effort. The latitudinal pattern of mosses richness remains inconsistent across studies and these may emerge purely from sampling artefacts. Our main objective here is to assess the effect of different curation criteria on this spatial pattern in the Temperate Northern Hemisphere (above 20° latitude). We contrasted the geographical distribution of moss species records and the latitude-species richness relation obtained under different data curation scenarios. These scenarios comprehend five sources of taxonomical standardisations and eight data cleaning filters. The analyses are based on the selection of well-surveyed cells at 100 km cell resolution. The application of some 'data curation scenarios' severely affects the number of records selected for analysis and substantially changes the proportion of richness per cell. The sensitivity to data curation becomes detectable at regional and at the cell scales showing a large shift in the latitudinal richness peak in Europe, from 60° N to 45° N latitude, when only preserved specimens are selected and duplicates based on date of collection and coordinates are excluded. Our results stress the importance of justifying the criteria used for filtering biodiversity data retrieved from biodiversity databases to avoid detecting misleading patterns. Curating records under particular criteria compromises the information in some areas displaying different spatial information of mosses. This problem can be ameliorated if data filtering is combined with identifying well-surveyed cells, render relatively constant results under different combinations of filtering even for less well-known groups such as mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ronquillo
- Department of Biogeography and Global ChangeMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Escuela Internacional de DoctoradoUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)MadridSpain
| | - Juliana Stropp
- Department of Biogeography and Global ChangeMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Department of BiogeographyTrier UniversityTrierGermany
| | - Nagore G. Medina
- Department of Biología (Botánica), Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM), Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Joaquin Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global ChangeMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC)MadridSpain
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7
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Matilla MA, Krell T. Targeting motility and chemotaxis as a strategy to combat bacterial pathogens. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:2205-2211. [PMID: 37387327 PMCID: PMC10686171 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Matilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del ZaidínConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
| | - Tino Krell
- Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del ZaidínConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranadaSpain
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Torrado A, Iniesta-Pallarés M, Velázquez-Campoy A, Álvarez C, Mariscal V, Molina-Heredia FP. Phylogenetic and functional analysis of cyanobacterial Cytochrome c6-like proteins. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1227492. [PMID: 37746012 PMCID: PMC10513939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1227492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
All known photosynthetic cyanobacteria carry a cytochrome c 6 protein that acts transferring electrons from cytochrome b 6 f complex to photosystem I, in photosynthesis, or cytochrome c oxidase, in respiration. In most of the cyanobacteria, at least one homologue to cytochrome c 6 is found, the so-called cytochrome c 6B or cytochrome c 6C. However, the function of these cytochrome c 6-like proteins is still unknown. Recently, it has been proposed a common origin of these proteins as well as the reclassification of the cytochrome c 6C group as c 6B, renaming the new joint group as cytochrome c 6BC. Another homologue to cytochrome c 6 has not been classified yet, the formerly called cytochrome c 6-3, which is present in the heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc sp. PCC 7119. In this work, we propose the inclusion of this group as an independent group in the genealogy of cytochrome c 6-like proteins with significant differences from cytochrome c 6 and cytochrome c 6BC, with the proposed name cytochrome c 6D. To support this proposal, new data about phylogeny, genome localisation and functional properties of cytochrome c 6-like proteins is provided. Also, we have analysed the interaction of cytochrome c 6-like proteins with cytochrome f by isothermal titration calorimetry and by molecular docking, concluding that c 6-like proteins could interact with cytochrome b 6 f complex in a similar fashion as cytochrome c 6. Finally, we have analysed the reactivity of cytochrome c 6-like proteins with membranes enriched in terminal oxidases of cyanobacteria by oxygen uptake experiments, concluding that cytochrome c 6D is able to react with the specific copper-oxidase of the heterocysts, the cytochrome c oxidase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Torrado
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Iniesta-Pallarés
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en el Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Consolación Álvarez
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Vicente Mariscal
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando P. Molina-Heredia
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Sevilla, Spain
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Mariani S, Pinedo S, Jordana E, Cefalì ME, Torras X, Bagur Bendito M, Verdura J, Ballesteros E. Grazing in the dark: A behavioural adjustment in a population of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10428. [PMID: 37664496 PMCID: PMC10468969 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Mediterranean rocky shores, the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula is often associated with communities dominated by encrusting corallines, devoid of fleshy algae. While it is commonly known as a diurnal herbivore, this species also migrates at night from hidden to more exposed habitats. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence of an adjustment to a predominant nocturnal behaviour in a population of A. lixula. Sea urchin densities changed from nearly zero during daytime to more than 16 urchins m-2 at night in treatment plots where the sea urchins were removed. We suggest that the observed behaviour was triggered by our experimental manipulations and was a response to the presence of dead conspecifics and small predatory fishes attracted by the urchin culling. Further research is needed to assess whether our findings can be generalised to the behaviour of A. lixula in areas where sea urchins are under strong pressure from diurnal predators. In these cases, it is important to perform sea urchin density counts at night to avoid misleading assessments about the herbivore pressure in a littoral area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mariani
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB‐CSIC)BlanesSpain
| | - Susana Pinedo
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB‐CSIC)BlanesSpain
| | - Esther Jordana
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB‐CSIC)BlanesSpain
| | - Maria Elena Cefalì
- Estació d'Investigació Jaume FerrerInstituto Español de Oceanografía‐CSICMaóSpain
| | - Xavier Torras
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB‐CSIC)BlanesSpain
| | | | - Jana Verdura
- CNRS, UMR, 7035 ECOSEASUniversité Côte d'AzureNiceFrance
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEAB‐CSIC)BlanesSpain
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López-Ayllón BD, de Lucas-Rius A, Mendoza-García L, García-García T, Fernández-Rodríguez R, Suárez-Cárdenas JM, Santos FM, Corrales F, Redondo N, Pedrucci F, Zaldívar-López S, Jiménez-Marín Á, Garrido JJ, Montoya M. SARS-CoV-2 accessory proteins involvement in inflammatory and profibrotic processes through IL11 signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220306. [PMID: 37545510 PMCID: PMC10399023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, possesses eleven accessory proteins encoded in its genome. Their roles during infection are still not completely understood. In this study, transcriptomics analysis revealed that both WNT5A and IL11 were significantly up-regulated in A549 cells expressing individual accessory proteins ORF6, ORF8, ORF9b or ORF9c from SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate). IL11 is a member of the IL6 family of cytokines. IL11 signaling-related genes were also differentially expressed. Bioinformatics analysis disclosed that both WNT5A and IL11 were involved in pulmonary fibrosis idiopathic disease and functional assays confirmed their association with profibrotic cell responses. Subsequently, data comparison with lung cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2 or lung biopsies from patients with COVID-19, evidenced altered profibrotic gene expression that matched those obtained in this study. Our results show ORF6, ORF8, ORF9b and ORF9c involvement in inflammatory and profibrotic responses. Thus, these accessory proteins could be targeted by new therapies against COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca D. López-Ayllón
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de Lucas-Rius
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Mendoza-García
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tránsito García-García
- Department of Genetics, Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics, Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M. Suárez-Cárdenas
- Department of Genetics, Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fátima Milhano Santos
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Corrales
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’, Institute for Health Research Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federica Pedrucci
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Department of Genetics, Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jiménez-Marín
- Department of Genetics, Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J. Garrido
- Department of Genetics, Immunogenomics and Molecular Pathogenesis Group, UIC Zoonoses and Emergent Diseases ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), GA-14 Research Group, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Cao A, Gesteiro N, Santiago R, Malvar RA, Butrón A. Maize kernel metabolome involved in resistance to fusarium ear rot and fumonisin contamination. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1160092. [PMID: 37538055 PMCID: PMC10394704 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1160092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides poses a threat to worldwide maize production due to its ability to infect maize kernel and synthesize fumonisins that can be accumulated above safety levels for humans and animals. Maize breeding has been proposed as key tool to decrease kernel contamination with fumonisins, but metabolic studies complementary to genomic approaches are necessary to disclose the complexity of maize resistance. An untargeted metabolomic study was proposed using inbreds genetically related but with contrasting levels of resistance in order to uncover pathways implicated in resistance to Fusarium ear rot (FER) and fumonisin contamination in the maize kernel and to look for possible biomarkers. Metabolite determinations were performed in kernels collected at 3 and 10 days after inoculation with F. verticillioides (dat). Discriminant metabolites between resistant and susceptible RILs were rather found at 10 than 3 dat, although metabolite differences at later stages of colonization could be driven by subtle variations at earlier stages of infection. Within this context, differences for membrane lipid homeostasis, methionine metabolism, and indolacetic acid conjugation seemed highly relevant to distinguish between resistant and susceptible inbreds, confirming the polygenic nature of resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination in the maize kernels. Nevertheless, some specific metabolites such as the polyamine spermidine and/or the alkaloid isoquinoline seemed to be promising indirect selection traits to improve resistance to FER and reduce fumonisin accumulation. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments will be necessary to validate the inhibitory effects of these compounds on fumonisins biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cao
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | | | - Rogelio Santiago
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana Malvar
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
- Agrobiología Ambiental, Calidad de Suelos y Plantas (UVIGO), Unidad Asociada a la MBG (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ana Butrón
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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Navas-Yuste S, de la Paz K, Querol-García J, Gómez-Quevedo S, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Fernández FJ, Vega MC. The structure of Leptospira interrogans GAPDH sheds light into an immunoevasion factor that can target the anaphylatoxin C5a of innate immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190943. [PMID: 37409124 PMCID: PMC10318897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected worldwide zoonosis involving farm animals and domestic pets caused by the Gram-negative spirochete Leptospira interrogans. This bacterium deploys a variety of immune evasive mechanisms, some of them targeted at the complement system of the host's innate immunity. In this work, we have solved the X-ray crystallographic structure of L. interrogans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to 2.37-Å resolution, a glycolytic enzyme that has been shown to exhibit moonlighting functions that potentiate infectivity and immune evasion in various pathogenic organisms. Besides, we have characterized the enzyme's kinetic parameters toward the cognate substrates and have proven that the two natural products anacardic acid and curcumin are able to inhibit L. interrogans GAPDH at micromolar concentration through a noncompetitive inhibition modality. Furthermore, we have established that L. interrogans GAPDH can interact with the anaphylatoxin C5a of human innate immunity in vitro using bio-layer interferometry and a short-range cross-linking reagent that tethers free thiol groups in protein complexes. To shed light into the interaction between L. interrogans GAPDH and C5a, we have also carried out cross-link guided protein-protein docking. These results suggest that L. interrogans could be placed in the growing list of bacterial pathogens that exploit glycolytic enzymes as extracellular immune evasive factors. Analysis of the docking results indicates a low affinity interaction that is consistent with previous evidence, including known binding modes of other α-helical proteins with GAPDH. These findings allow us to propose L. interrogans GAPDH as a potential immune evasive factor targeting the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Navas-Yuste
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla de la Paz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Querol-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gómez-Quevedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Abvance Biotech Srl, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Cristina Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Horndler L, Delgado P, Romero-Pinedo S, Quesada M, Balabanov I, Laguna-Goya R, Almendro-Vázquez P, Llamas MA, Fresno M, Paz-Artal E, van Santen HM, Álvarez-Fernández S, Olmo A, Alarcón B. Decreased breadth of the antibody response to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 after repeated vaccination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157263. [PMID: 37081876 PMCID: PMC10111966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rapid development of vaccines to prevent COVID-19 has raised the need to compare the capacity of different vaccines in terms of developing a protective humoral response. Previous studies have shown inconsistent results in this area, highlighting the importance of further research to evaluate the efficacy of different vaccines. Methods This study utilized a highly sensitive and reliable flow cytometry method to measure the titers of IgG1 isotype antibodies in the blood of healthy volunteers after receiving one or two doses of various vaccines administered in Spain. The method was also used to simultaneously measure the reactivity of antibodies to the S protein of the original Wuhan strain and variants B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.617.1 (Kappa). Results Significant differences were observed in the titer of anti-S antibodies produced after a first dose of the vaccines ChAdOx1 nCov-19/AstraZeneca, mRNA-1273/Moderna, BNT162b2/Pfizer-BioNTech, and Ad26.COV.S/Janssen. Furthermore, a relative reduction in the reactivity of the sera with the Alpha, Delta, and Kappa variants, compared to the Wuhan strain, was observed after the second boosting immunization. Discussion The findings of this study provide a comparison of different vaccines in terms of anti-S antibody generation and cast doubts on the convenience of repeated immunization with the same S protein sequence. The multiplexed capacity of the flow cytometry method utilized in this study allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of various vaccines in generating a protective humoral response. Future research could focus on the implications of these findings for the development of effective COVID-19 vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Horndler
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivaylo Balabanov
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Laguna-Goya
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hisse M. van Santen
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Balbino Alarcón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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López-Farfán D, Irigoyen N, Gómez-Díaz E. Exploring SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum coinfection in human erythrocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120298. [PMID: 36993979 PMCID: PMC10041564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence and the similarities between malaria and COVID-19 diseases raise the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting red blood cells and, if so, whether these cells represent a competent niche for the virus. In this study, we first tested whether CD147 functions as an alternative receptor of SARS-CoV-2 to infect host cells. Our results show that transient expression of ACE2 but not CD147 in HEK293T allows SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses entry and infection. Secondly, using a SARS-CoV-2 wild type virus isolate we tested whether the new coronavirus could bind and enter erythrocytes. Here, we report that 10,94% of red blood cells had SARS-CoV-2 bound to the membrane or inside the cell. Finally, we hypothesized that the presence of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, could make erythrocytes more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to red blood cell membrane remodelling. However, we found a low coinfection rate (9,13%), suggesting that P. falciparum would not facilitate the entry of SARS-CoV-2 virus into malaria-infected erythrocytes. Besides, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in a P. falciparum blood culture did not affect the survival or growth rate of the malaria parasite. Our results are significant because they do not support the role of CD147 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and indicate, that mature erythrocytes would not be an important reservoir for the virus in our body, although they can be transiently infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana López-Farfán
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN, CSIC), Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Diana López-Farfán,
| | - Nerea Irigoyen
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Gómez-Díaz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPBLN, CSIC), Granada, Spain
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15
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Alcolea PJ, Larraga J, Rodríguez-Martín D, Alonso A, Loayza FJ, Rojas JM, Ruiz-García S, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Carlón AB, Sánchez-Cordón PJ, Nogales-Altozano P, Redondo N, Manzano M, Lozano D, Palomero J, Montoya M, Vallet-Regí M, Martín V, Sevilla N, Larraga V. Non-replicative antibiotic resistance-free DNA vaccine encoding S and N proteins induces full protection in mice against SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023255. [PMID: 36439169 PMCID: PMC9682132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently in use have contributed to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Notwithstanding, the high mutation rate, fundamentally in the spike glycoprotein (S), is causing the emergence of new variants. Solely utilizing this antigen is a drawback that may reduce the efficacy of these vaccines. Herein we present a DNA vaccine candidate that contains the genes encoding the S and the nucleocapsid (N) proteins implemented into the non-replicative mammalian expression plasmid vector, pPAL. This plasmid lacks antibiotic resistance genes and contains an alternative selectable marker for production. The S gene sequence was modified to avoid furin cleavage (Sfs). Potent humoral and cellular immune responses were observed in C57BL/6J mice vaccinated with pPAL-Sfs + pPAL-N following a prime/boost regimen by the intramuscular route applying in vivo electroporation. The immunogen fully protected K18-hACE2 mice against a lethal dose (105 PFU) of SARS-CoV-2. Viral replication was completely controlled in the lungs, brain, and heart of vaccinated mice. Therefore, pPAL-Sfs + pPAL-N is a promising DNA vaccine candidate for protection from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. Alcolea
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Larraga
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rodríguez-Martín
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Alonso
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Loayza
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rojas
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ruiz-García
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Louloudes-Lázaro
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Carlón
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Sánchez-Cordón
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Nogales-Altozano
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Redondo
- Inmunología Viral: Terapias y Vacunas. Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales Inteligentes (GIBI), Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lozano
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales Inteligentes (GIBI), Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Palomero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology. Instituto de Neurociencias de castilla y León (INCyL), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María Montoya
- Inmunología Viral: Terapias y Vacunas. Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomateriales Inteligentes (GIBI), Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica Martín
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Sevilla
- Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Estrategias de Control de Patógenos Relevantes en Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Larraga
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Molecular, Unidad de Desarrollo de Fármacos Biológicos, Inmunológicos y Químicos para la Salud Global (BICS), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CIBMS-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Plaza‐Cayón A, González‐Muñiz R, Martín‐Martínez M. Mutations of TRPM8 channels: Unraveling the molecular basis of activation by cold and ligands. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:2168-2203. [PMID: 35976012 PMCID: PMC9805079 DOI: 10.1002/med.21920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cation nonselective channel TRPM8 is activated by multiple stimuli, including moderate cold and various chemical compounds (i.e., menthol and icilin [Fig. 1], among others). While research continues growing on the understanding of the physiological involvement of TRPM8 channels and their role in various pathological states, the information available on its activation mechanisms has also increased, supported by mutagenesis and structural studies. This review compiles known information on specific mutations of channel residues and their consequences on channel viability and function. Besides, the comparison of sequence of animals living in different environments, together with chimera and mutagenesis studies are helping to unravel the mechanism of adaptation to different temperatures. The results of mutagenesis studies, grouped by different channel regions, are compared with the current knowledge of TRPM8 structures obtained by cryo-electron microscopy. Trying to make this review self-explicative and highly informative, important residues for TRPM8 function are summarized in a figure, and mutants, deletions and chimeras are compiled in a table, including also the observed effects by different methods of activation and the corresponding references. The information provided by this review may also help in the design of new ligands for TRPM8, an interesting biological target for therapeutic intervention.
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Martí-Guillén JM, Pardo-Hernández M, Martínez-Lorente SE, Almagro L, Rivero RM. Redox post-translational modifications and their interplay in plant abiotic stress tolerance. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1027730. [PMID: 36388514 PMCID: PMC9644032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The impact of climate change entails a progressive and inexorable modification of the Earth's climate and events such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, high luminous intensity and ultraviolet radiation tend to be more numerous and prolonged in time. Plants face their exposure to these abiotic stresses or their combination through multiple physiological, metabolic and molecular mechanisms, to achieve the long-awaited acclimatization to these extreme conditions, and to thereby increase their survival rate. In recent decades, the increase in the intensity and duration of these climatological events have intensified research into the mechanisms behind plant tolerance to them, with great advances in this field. Among these mechanisms, the overproduction of molecular reactive species stands out, mainly reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species. These molecules have a dual activity, as they participate in signaling processes under physiological conditions, but, under stress conditions, their production increases, interacting with each other and modifying and-or damaging the main cellular components: lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins. The latter have amino acids in their sequence that are susceptible to post-translational modifications, both reversible and irreversible, through the different reactive species generated by abiotic stresses (redox-based PTMs). Some research suggests that this process does not occur randomly, but that the modification of critical residues in enzymes modulates their biological activity, being able to enhance or inhibit complete metabolic pathways in the process of acclimatization and tolerance to the exposure to the different abiotic stresses. Given the importance of these PTMs-based regulation mechanisms in the acclimatization processes of plants, the present review gathers the knowledge generated in recent years on this subject, delving into the PTMs of the redox-regulated enzymes of plant metabolism, and those that participate in the main stress-related pathways, such as oxidative metabolism, primary metabolism, cell signaling events, and photosynthetic metabolism. The aim is to unify the existing information thus far obtained to shed light on possible fields of future research in the search for the resilience of plants to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Martí-Guillén
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miriam Pardo-Hernández
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sara E. Martínez-Lorente
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Almagro
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Murcia, Spain
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Zacarías-García J, Cronje PJ, Diretto G, Zacarías L, Rodrigo MJ. A comprehensive analysis of carotenoids metabolism in two red-fleshed mutants of Navel and Valencia sweet oranges ( Citrus sinensis). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1034204. [PMID: 36330241 PMCID: PMC9623303 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1034204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Kirkwood Navel and Ruby Valencia are two spontaneous bud mutations of the respective parental lines of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) Palmer Navel and Olinda Valencia, showing an atypical red pigmentation of the pulp. These red-fleshed varieties are commercially available and highly attractive for consumers but their carotenoid metabolism and the basis of the mutation have not been investigated. The red colour of Kirkwood and Ruby pulp was observed from the very early stages of fruit development until full maturity and associated with an altered carotenoid profiling. The red-fleshed varieties accumulated from 6- up to 1000-times more total carotenoids compared to the standard oranges. Specifically, the pulp of Kirkwood and Ruby accumulated large amounts of phytoene and phytofluene, and moderate contents of lycopene. Moreover, the red-fleshed oranges contained other unusual carotenes as δ-carotene, and lower concentrations of downstream products such as β,β-xanthophylls, abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA-glucosyl ester. This peculiar profile was associated with chromoplasts with lycopene crystalloid structures and round vesicles likely containing colourless carotenes. The flavedo and leaves of Kirkwood and Ruby showed minor changes in carotenoids, mainly limited to higher levels of phytoene. The carotenoid composition in Kirkwood and Ruby fruits was not explained by differences in the transcriptional profile of 26 genes related to carotenoid metabolism, covering the main steps of biosynthesis, catabolism and other processes related to carotenoid accumulation. Moreover, sequence analysis of the lycopene cyclase genes revealed no alterations in those of the red-fleshed oranges compared to the genes of the standard varieties. A striking event observed in Kirkwood and Ruby trees was the reddish coloration of the inner side of the bark tissue, with larger amounts of phytoene, accumulation of lycopene and lower ABA content. These observation lead to the conclusion that the mutation is not only manifested in fruit, affecting other carotenogenic tissues of the mutant plants, but with different consequences in the carotenoid profile. Overall, the carotenoid composition in the red-fleshed mutants suggests a partial blockage of the lycopene β-cyclization in the carotenoid pathway, rendering a high accumulation of carotenes upstream lycopene and a reduced flow to downstream xanthophylls and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Zacarías-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Paul J. Cronje
- Citrus Research International (CRI), Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Biotechnology Laboratory, Casaccia Research Center, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Departamento de Biotecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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Ayuso-Fernández I, Molpeceres G, Camarero S, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Martínez AT. Ancestral sequence reconstruction as a tool to study the evolution of wood decaying fungi. Front Fungal Biol 2022; 3:1003489. [PMID: 37746217 PMCID: PMC10512382 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.1003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of evolution is limited by the techniques available to do so. Aside from the use of the fossil record, molecular phylogenetics can provide a detailed characterization of evolutionary histories using genes, genomes and proteins. However, these tools provide scarce biochemical information of the organisms and systems of interest and are therefore very limited when they come to explain protein evolution. In the past decade, this limitation has been overcome by the development of ancestral sequence reconstruction (ASR) methods. ASR allows the subsequent resurrection in the laboratory of inferred proteins from now extinct organisms, becoming an outstanding tool to study enzyme evolution. Here we review the recent advances in ASR methods and their application to study fungal evolution, with special focus on wood-decay fungi as essential organisms in the global carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ayuso-Fernández
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gonzalo Molpeceres
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Camarero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Angel T. Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas “Margarita Salas” (CIB), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Lennol MP, García-Ayllón MS, Esteban M, García-Arriaza J, Sáez-Valero J. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a potential biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine efficacy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001951. [PMID: 36311758 PMCID: PMC9597869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various species of the SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), are present in serum, which may result from virus entry and subsequent proteolytic processing of the membrane receptor. We have recently demonstrated changes of particular ACE2 species in virus infected humans, either cleaved fragments or circulating full-length species. Here, we further explore the potential of serum ACE2 as a biomarker to test SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine efficacy in virus susceptible transgenic K18-hACE2 mice expressing human ACE2. First, in serum samples derived from K18-hACE2 mice challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2, we observed an increase in the levels of cleaved ACE2 fragment at day 2 post-challenge, which may represent the subsequent proteolytic processing through virus entry. These elevated levels were maintained until the death of the animals at day 6 post-challenge. The circulating full-length ACE2 form displayed a sizable peak at day 4, which declined at day 6 post-challenge. Noticeably, immunization with two doses of the MVA-CoV2-S vaccine candidate prevented ACE2 cleaved changes in serum of animals challenged with a lethal dose of SARS-CoV-2. The efficacy of the MVA-CoV2-S was extended to vaccinated mice after virus re-challenge. These findings highlight that ACE2 could be a potential serum biomarker for disease progression and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Lennol
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan García-Arriaza, ; Javier Sáez-Valero,
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Juan García-Arriaza, ; Javier Sáez-Valero,
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Martín MG, Dotti CG. Plasma membrane and brain dysfunction of the old: Do we age from our membranes? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1031007. [PMID: 36274849 PMCID: PMC9582647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1031007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the characteristics of aging is a gradual hypo-responsiveness of cells to extrinsic stimuli, mainly evident in the pathways that are under hormone control, both in the brain and in peripheral tissues. Age-related resistance, i.e., reduced response of receptors to their ligands, has been shown to Insulin and also to leptin, thyroid hormones and glucocorticoids. In addition, lower activity has been reported in aging for ß-adrenergic receptors, adenosine A2B receptor, and several other G-protein-coupled receptors. One of the mechanisms proposed to explain the loss of sensitivity to hormones and neurotransmitters with age is the loss of receptors, which has been observed in several tissues. Another mechanism that is finding more and more experimental support is related to the changes that occur with age in the lipid composition of the neuronal plasma membrane, which are responsible for changes in the receptors’ coupling efficiency to ligands, signal attenuation and pathway desensitization. In fact, recent works have shown that altered membrane composition—as occurs during neuronal aging—underlies reduced response to glutamate, to the neurotrophin BDNF, and to insulin, all these leading to cognition decay and epigenetic alterations in the old. In this review we present evidence that altered functions of membrane receptors due to altered plasma membrane properties may be a triggering factor in physiological decline, decreased brain function, and increased vulnerability to neuropathology in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G. Martín
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Department, Instituto Ferreyra (INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Mauricio G. Martín, ; Carlos G. Dotti,
| | - Carlos G. Dotti
- Molecular Neuropathology Unit, Physiological and Pathological Processes Program, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mauricio G. Martín, ; Carlos G. Dotti,
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Selma S, Gianoglio S, Uranga M, Vázquez‐Vilar M, Espinosa‐Ruiz A, Drapal M, Fraser PD, Daròs J, Orzáez D. Potato virus X-delivered CRISPR activation programs lead to strong endogenous gene induction and transient metabolic reprogramming in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 2022; 111:1550-1564. [PMID: 35822533 PMCID: PMC9541417 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmable transcriptional regulators based on CRISPR architecture are promising tools for the induction of plant gene expression. In plants, CRISPR gene activation is effective with respect to modulating development processes, such as the flowering time or customizing biochemical composition. The most widely used method for delivering CRISPR components into the plant is Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation, either transient or stable. However, as a result of their versatility and their ability to move, virus-derived systems have emerged as an interesting alternative for supplying the CRISPR components to the plant, in particular guide RNA (gRNA), which represents the variable component in CRISPR strategies. In the present study, we describe a Potato virus X-derived vector that, upon agroinfection in Nicotiana benthamiana, serves as a vehicle for delivery of gRNAs, producing highly specific virus-induced gene activation. The system works in combination with a N. benthamiana transgenic line carrying the remaining complementary CRISPR gene activation components, specifically the dCasEV2.1 cassette, which has been shown previously to mediate strong programmable transcriptional activation in plants. Using an easily scalable, non-invasive spraying method, we show that gRNA-mediated activation programs move locally and systemically, generating a strong activation response in different target genes. Furthermore, by activating three different endogenous MYB transcription factors, we demonstrate that this Potato virus X-based virus-induced gene reprogramming strategy results in program-specific metabolic fingerprints in N. benthamiana leaves characterized by distinctive phenylpropanoid-enriched metabolite profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Selma
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Silvia Gianoglio
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Mireia Uranga
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Marta Vázquez‐Vilar
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Ana Espinosa‐Ruiz
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | | | | | - José‐Antonio Daròs
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
| | - Diego Orzáez
- Instituto Biología Molecular y celular de PlantasCSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia46022Spain
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Rodríguez-Caparrós A, Tani-ichi S, Casal Á, López-Ros J, Suñé C, Ikuta K, Hernández-Munain C. Interleukin-7 receptor signaling is crucial for enhancer-dependent TCRδ germline transcription mediated through STAT5 recruitment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:943510. [PMID: 36059467 PMCID: PMC9437428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.943510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play important roles in immune responses by rapidly producing large quantities of cytokines. Recently, γδ T cells have been found to be involved in tissue homeostatic regulation, playing roles in thermogenesis, bone regeneration and synaptic plasticity. Nonetheless, the mechanisms involved in γδ T-cell development, especially the regulation of TCRδ gene transcription, have not yet been clarified. Previous studies have established that NOTCH1 signaling plays an important role in the Tcrg and Tcrd germline transcriptional regulation induced by enhancer activation, which is mediated through the recruitment of RUNX1 and MYB. In addition, interleukin-7 signaling has been shown to be required for Tcrg germline transcription, VγJγ rearrangement and γδ T-lymphocyte generation as well as for promoting T-cell survival. In this study, we discovered that interleukin-7 is required for the activation of enhancer-dependent Tcrd germline transcription during thymocyte development. These results indicate that the activation of both Tcrg and Tcrd enhancers during γδ T-cell development in the thymus depends on the same NOTCH1- and interleukin-7-mediated signaling pathways. Understanding the regulation of the Tcrd enhancer during thymocyte development might lead to a better understanding of the enhancer-dependent mechanisms involved in the genomic instability and chromosomal translocations that cause leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Rodríguez-Caparrós
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”- Spanish Scientific Research Council (IPBLN-CSIC), Technological Park of Health Sciences (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Shizue Tani-ichi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Áurea Casal
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”- Spanish Scientific Research Council (IPBLN-CSIC), Technological Park of Health Sciences (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Jennifer López-Ros
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”- Spanish Scientific Research Council (IPBLN-CSIC), Technological Park of Health Sciences (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Suñé
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”- Spanish Scientific Research Council (IPBLN-CSIC), Technological Park of Health Sciences (PTS), Granada, Spain
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Cristina Hernández-Munain
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine “López-Neyra”- Spanish Scientific Research Council (IPBLN-CSIC), Technological Park of Health Sciences (PTS), Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Hernández-Munain,
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Losada JM, He Z, Holbrook NM. Sieve tube structural variation in Austrobaileya scandens and its significance for lianescence. Plant Cell Environ 2022; 45:2460-2475. [PMID: 35606891 PMCID: PMC9540405 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lianas combine large leaf areas with slender stems, features that require an efficient vascular system. The only extant member of the Austrobaileyaceae is an endemic twining liana of the tropical Australian forests with well-known xylem hydraulics, but the vascular phloem continuum aboveground remains understudied. Microscopy analysis across leaf vein orders and stems of Austrobaileya scandens revealed a low foliar xylem:phloem ratio, with isodiametric vascular elements along the midrib, but tapered across vein orders. Sieve plate pore radii increased from 0.08 µm in minor veins to 0.12 µm in the petiole, but only to 0.20 µm at the stem base, tens of metres away. In easily bent searcher branches, phloem conduits have pectin-rich walls and simple plates, whereas in twining stems, conduits were connected through highly angled and densely porated sieve plates. The hydraulic resistance of phloem conduits in the twisted and elongated stems of A. scandens is large compared with trees of similar stature; phloem hydraulic resistance decreases from leaves to stems, consistent with the efficient delivery of photoassimilates from sources under Münch predictions. Sink strength of a continuously growing canopy might be stronger than in self-supporting understory plants, favoring resource allocation to aerial organs and the attainment of vertical stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Losada
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture ‘La Mayora’—CSIC—UMAAvda. Dr. Wienberg s/nAlgarrobo‐CostaMálaga29750Spain
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zhe He
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - N. Michele Holbrook
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Arnold Arboretum of Harvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Querejeta JI, Prieto I, Armas C, Casanoves F, Diémé JS, Diouf M, Yossi H, Kaya B, Pugnaire FI, Rusch GM. Higher leaf nitrogen content is linked to tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration and more efficient water use across dryland trees. New Phytol 2022; 235:1351-1364. [PMID: 35582952 PMCID: PMC9542767 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The least-cost economic theory of photosynthesis shows that water and nitrogen are mutually substitutable resources to achieve a given carbon gain. However, vegetation in the Sahel has to cope with the dual challenge imposed by drought and nutrient-poor soils. We addressed how variation in leaf nitrogen per area (Narea ) modulates leaf oxygen and carbon isotopic composition (δ18 O, δ13 C), as proxies of stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency, across 34 Sahelian woody species. Dryland species exhibited diverging leaf δ18 O and δ13 C values, indicating large interspecific variation in time-integrated stomatal conductance and water-use efficiency. Structural equation modeling revealed that leaf Narea is a pivotal trait linked to multiple water-use traits. Leaf Narea was positively linked to both δ18 O and δ13 C, suggesting higher carboxylation capacity and tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration in N-rich species, which allows them to achieve higher water-use efficiency and more conservative water use. These adaptations represent a key physiological advantage of N-rich species, such as legumes, that could contribute to their dominance across many dryland regions. This is the first report of a robust mechanistic link between leaf Narea and δ18 O in dryland vegetation that is consistent with core principles of plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Querejeta
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas30100MurciaSpain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas30100MurciaSpain
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental management, Ecology AreaFaculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of León24007LeónSpain
| | - Cristina Armas
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE ‐ Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza30501TurrialbaCosta Rica
| | - Joseph S. Diémé
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Hann Bel AirRoute des hydrocarbures – BP3120DakarSenegal
- Department of AgroforestryUniversité Assane Seck de Ziguinchor (UASZ)Diabir BP523ZiguinchorSenegal
| | - Mayecor Diouf
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Hann Bel AirRoute des hydrocarbures – BP3120DakarSenegal
- ISRA/CRZ Dahra DjoloffBP 01Dahra DjoloffSenegal
| | - Harouna Yossi
- l'Institut d'Économie Rurale (IER)/Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de SotubaBP258BamakoMali
| | - Bocary Kaya
- l'Institut d'Économie Rurale (IER)/Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique de SotubaBP258BamakoMali
- Millennium Promise West and Central AfricaPO Box 103, Rue 287, Porte 341BamakoMali
| | - Francisco I. Pugnaire
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (EEZA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas04120AlmeríaSpain
| | - Graciela M. Rusch
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)Høgskoleringen 97034TrondheimNorway
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Santamaria S, Delgado M, Botas M, Castellano E, Corraliza-Gorjon I, Lafuente P, Muñoz-Calleja C, Toribio M, Kremer L, Garcia-Sanz JA. Therapeutic potential of an anti-CCR9 mAb evidenced in xenografts of human CCR9+ tumors. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825635. [PMID: 35967322 PMCID: PMC9363564 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed or refractory T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) still carries poor prognosis. Aiming to improve outcomes, the therapeutic potential of an anti-CCR9 monoclonal antibody (mAb 92R), targeting the human chemokine-receptor CCR9 is analyzed on orthotopic xenotransplants. 92R mAb treatment of mice carrying human CCR9+ T-ALL cell lines or primary T cell leukemias inhibits tumor growth and increases survival. The therapeutic effects of 92R are specific and synergize with chemotherapeutic agents increasing survival. Furthermore, 92R decreases size of non-hematopoietic tumors with a forced CCR9 expression and of solid tumors generated by the pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line AsPC-1. In addition, a humanized version of 92R mAb (Srb1) is also able to inhibit growth of CCR9+ T-ALL tumor cells in vivo, increasing survival 2.66-fold. Finally, 92R mAb prevents liver accumulation of infiltrates and reduces tumor cell numbers in already formed infiltrates. Thus, the humanized version of 92R mAb (Srb1), displays therapeutic potential for CCR9+ tumor treatment and might represent one of the first therapeutic antibodies for precision medicine on T-ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santamaria
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Delgado
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Botas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Castellano
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Corraliza-Gorjon
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Immunology and Oncology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Lafuente
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L. Toribio
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO-CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Department of Immunology and Oncology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose A. Garcia-Sanz, ; Leonor Kremer,
| | - Jose A. Garcia-Sanz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Department of Molecular Medicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jose A. Garcia-Sanz, ; Leonor Kremer,
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Morente‐López J, Kass JM, Lara‐Romero C, Serra‐Diaz JM, Soto‐Correa JC, Anderson RP, Iriondo JM. Linking ecological niche models and common garden experiments to predict phenotypic differentiation in stressful environments: Assessing the adaptive value of marginal populations in an alpine plant. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4143-4162. [PMID: 35359032 PMCID: PMC9325479 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variation within a species' range can create contrasting selective pressures, leading to divergent selection and novel adaptations. The conservation value of populations inhabiting environmentally marginal areas remains in debate and is closely related to the adaptive potential in changing environments. Strong selection caused by stressful conditions may generate novel adaptations, conferring these populations distinct evolutionary potential and high conservation value under climate change. On the other hand, environmentally marginal populations may be genetically depauperate, with little potential for new adaptations to emerge. Here, we explored the use of ecological niche models (ENMs) linked with common garden experiments to predict and test for genetically determined phenotypic differentiation related to contrasting environmental conditions. To do so, we built an ENM for the alpine plant Silene ciliata in central Spain and conducted common garden experiments, assessing flowering phenology changes and differences in leaf cell resistance to extreme temperatures. The suitability patterns and response curves of the ENM led to the predictions that: (1) the environmentally marginal populations experiencing less snowpack and higher minimum temperatures would have delayed flowering to avoid risks of late-spring frosts and (2) those with higher minimum temperatures and greater potential evapotranspiration would show enhanced cell resistance to high temperatures to deal with physiological stress related to desiccation and heat. The common garden experiments revealed the expected genetically based phenotypic differentiation in flowering phenology. In contrast, they did not show the expected differentiation for cell resistance, but these latter experiments had high variance and hence lower statistical power. The results highlight ENMs as useful tools to identify contrasting putative selective pressures across species ranges. Linking ENMs with common garden experiments provides a theoretically justified and practical way to study adaptive processes, including insights regarding the conservation value of populations inhabiting environmentally marginal areas under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Morente‐López
- Área de Biodiversidad y ConservaciónDepto. de Biología, GeologíaFísica y Química InorgánicaESCETUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)MadridMóstolesSpain
- Island Ecology and Evolution Research GroupInstitute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA‐CSIC)San Cristóbal de La Laguna, TenerifeSpain
| | - Jamie M. Kass
- Department of BiologyCity College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ph.D. Program in BiologyGraduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityKunigami‐gunOkinawaJapan
| | - Carlos Lara‐Romero
- Área de Biodiversidad y ConservaciónDepto. de Biología, GeologíaFísica y Química InorgánicaESCETUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)MadridMóstolesSpain
| | | | - José Carmen Soto‐Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro (FCN‐UAQ)Santa Rosa Jáuregui, QuerétaroMexico
| | - Robert P. Anderson
- Department of BiologyCity College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Ph.D. Program in BiologyGraduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Mammalogy)American Museum of Natural HistoryNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - José M. Iriondo
- Área de Biodiversidad y ConservaciónDepto. de Biología, GeologíaFísica y Química InorgánicaESCETUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC)MadridMóstolesSpain
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París-Muñoz A, Aizpurua G, Barber DF. Helios Expression Is Downregulated on CD8+ Treg in Two Mouse Models of Lupus During Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922958. [PMID: 35784310 PMCID: PMC9244697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell–mediated autoimmunity reflects an imbalance in this compartment that is not restored by tolerogenic immune cells, e.g., regulatory T cells or tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs). Although studies into T-cell equilibrium have mainly focused on regulatory CD4+FoxP3+ T cells (CD4+ Tregs), recent findings on the lesser known CD8+ Tregs (CD44+CD122+Ly49+) have highlighted their non-redundant role in regulating lupus-like disease and their regulatory phenotype facilitated by the transcription factor Helios in mice and humans. However, there are still remaining questions about Helios regulation and dynamics in different autoimmune contexts. Here, we show the absence of CD8+ Tregs in two lupus-prone murine models: MRL/MPJ and MRL/lpr, in comparison with a non-prone mouse strain like C57BL/6. We observed that all MRL animals showed a dramatically reduced population of CD8+ Tregs and a greater Helios downregulation on diseased mice. Helios induction was detected preferentially on CD8+ T cells from OT-I mice co-cultured with tolDCs from C57BL/6 but not in MRL animals. Furthermore, the Helios profile was also altered in other relevant T-cell populations implicated in lupus, such as CD4+ Tregs, conventional CD4+, and double-negative T cells. Together, these findings could make Helios a versatile maker across the T-cell repertoire that is capable of differentiating lupus disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés París-Muñoz
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Aizpurua
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F. Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- NanoBiomedicine Initiative, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Domingo F. Barber,
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Romero-Pinedo S, Quesada M, Horndler L, Álvarez-Fernández S, Olmo A, Abia D, Alarcón B, Delgado P. Vaccine Type-, Age- and Past Infection-Dependence of the Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike S Protein. Front Immunol 2022; 13:809285. [PMID: 35296086 PMCID: PMC8918633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.809285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 has led to a worldwide challenge for the rapid development of vaccines. Several types of safe and effective vaccines have been available in a time frame never seen before. Now that several hundred million people have been vaccinated there is an opportunity to compare vaccines in terms of protection and immune response. Here, we have applied a highly sensitive multiplexed flow cytometry method to measure simultaneously IgM, IgG1 and IgA anti-spike protein antibodies generated in response to three vaccines: ChAdOx1 (Oxford-AstraZeneca), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech). We have found that mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2) induce a stronger humoral response, both after the first and the second dose, than the adenovirus-based ChAdOx1 vaccine. We also found that, in the elderly, antibody titers negatively correlate with the age of the donor but, also, that antibody titers remain stable for at least 6 months after complete vaccination. Finally, we found that one dose of BNT162b2 is sufficient to induce the highest antibody titers in seropositive pre-vaccination donors. We hope these data will help to guide future decisions on vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lydia Horndler
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pilar Delgado,
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30
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Morales P, Muller C, Jagerovic N, Reggio PH. Targeting CB2 and TRPV1: Computational Approaches for the Identification of Dual Modulators. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:841190. [PMID: 35281260 PMCID: PMC8914543 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.841190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both metabotropic (CBRs) and ionotropic cannabinoid receptors (ICRs) have implications in a range of neurological disorders. The metabotropic canonical CBRs CB1 and CB2 are highly implicated in these pathological events. However, selective targeting at CB2 versus CB1 offers optimized pharmacology due to the absence of psychoactive outcomes. The ICR transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) has also been reported to play a role in CNS disorders. Thus, activation of both targets, CB2 and TRPV1, offers a promising polypharmacological strategy for the treatment of neurological events including analgesia and neuroprotection. This brief research report aims to identify chemotypes with a potential dual CB2/TRPV1 profile. For this purpose, we have rationalized key structural features for activation and performed virtual screening at both targets using curated chemical libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Morales
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chanté Muller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Medicinal Chemistry Institute, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia H. Reggio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
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Bennett S, Alcoverro T, Kletou D, Antoniou C, Boada J, Buñuel X, Cucala L, Jorda G, Kleitou P, Roca G, Santana‐Garcon J, Savva I, Vergés A, Marbà N. Resilience of seagrass populations to thermal stress does not reflect regional differences in ocean climate. New Phytol 2022; 233:1657-1666. [PMID: 34843111 PMCID: PMC9299911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity among populations is critical to accurately predicting when and where climate change impacts will occur. Currently, comparisons of thermal performance between populations are untested for most marine species or overlooked by models predicting the thermal sensitivity of species to extirpation. Here we compared the ecological response and recovery of seagrass populations (Posidonia oceanica) to thermal stress throughout a year-long translocation experiment across a 2800-km gradient in ocean climate. Transplants in central and warm-edge locations experienced temperatures > 29°C, representing thermal anomalies > 5°C above long-term maxima for cool-edge populations, 1.5°C for central and < 1°C for warm-edge populations. Cool-edge, central and warm-edge populations differed in thermal performance when grown under common conditions, but patterns contrasted with expectations based on thermal geography. Cool-edge populations did not differ from warm-edge populations under common conditions and performed significantly better than central populations in growth and survival. Our findings reveal that thermal performance does not necessarily reflect the thermal geography of a species. We demonstrate that warm-edge populations can be less sensitive to thermal stress than cooler, central populations suggesting that Mediterranean seagrasses have greater resilience to warming than current paradigms suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bennett
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.7001Australia
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)Miquel Marquès 21Esporles07190Spain
| | - Teresa Alcoverro
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC)Carrer Accés a la Cala Sant FrancescBlanes17300Spain
| | - Demetris Kletou
- Marine & Environmental Research (MER) Laboratory Ltd202 Amathountos Avenue, Marina Gardens, Block BLimassol4533Cyprus
| | - Charalampos Antoniou
- Marine & Environmental Research (MER) Laboratory Ltd202 Amathountos Avenue, Marina Gardens, Block BLimassol4533Cyprus
| | - Jordi Boada
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències AmbientalsFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaAv. Diagonal, 643Barcelona08028Spain
- Institut d’Ecologia AquàticaFacultat de CiènciesUniversitat de GironaGirona17003Spain
| | - Xavier Buñuel
- Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB‐CSIC)Carrer Accés a la Cala Sant FrancescBlanes17300Spain
| | - Lidia Cucala
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)Miquel Marquès 21Esporles07190Spain
| | - Gabriel Jorda
- Instituto Español de OceanografíaCentre Oceanogràfic de BalearsMoll de Ponent s/nPalma07015Spain
| | - Periklis Kleitou
- Marine & Environmental Research (MER) Laboratory Ltd202 Amathountos Avenue, Marina Gardens, Block BLimassol4533Cyprus
- School of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthPL4 8AAUK
| | - Guillem Roca
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)Miquel Marquès 21Esporles07190Spain
| | - Julia Santana‐Garcon
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.7001Australia
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)Miquel Marquès 21Esporles07190Spain
| | - Ioannis Savva
- Marine & Environmental Research (MER) Laboratory Ltd202 Amathountos Avenue, Marina Gardens, Block BLimassol4533Cyprus
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Evolution & Ecology Research CentreCentre for Marine Science and InnovationSchool of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW2033Australia
| | - Núria Marbà
- Global Change Research GroupInstitut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC‐UIB)Miquel Marquès 21Esporles07190Spain
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Esparcia-Pinedo L, Martínez-Fleta P, Ropero N, Vera-Tomé P, Reyburn HT, Casasnovas JM, Rodríguez Frade JM, Valés-Gómez M, Vilches C, Martín-Gayo E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Sanchez-Madrid F, Alfranca A. CD4+ T Cell Immune Specificity Changes After Vaccination in Healthy And COVID-19 Convalescent Subjects. Front Immunol 2022; 12:755891. [PMID: 35126347 PMCID: PMC8807633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response promoted by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is relevant to develop novel vaccines and optimized prevention strategies. We analyzed the adaptive immunity in healthy donors (HD) and convalescent individuals (CD), before and after administering BNT162b2 vaccine. Our results revealed specific changes in CD4+ T cell reactivity profile in vaccinated HD and CD, with an increase in S1 and S2 positive individuals, proportionally higher for S2. On the contrary, NCAP reactivity observed in HD and CD patients was no longer detectable after vaccination. Despite the substantial antibody response in CD, MPro-derived peptides did not elicit CD4+ lymphocyte activation in our assay in either condition. HD presented an increment in anti-S and anti-RBD IgG after first dose vaccination, which increased after the second vaccination. Conversely, anti-S and anti-RBD IgG and IgA titers increased in already positive CD after first dose administration, remaining stable after second dose inoculation. Interestingly, we found a strong significant correlation between S1-induced CD4+ response and anti-S IgA pre-vaccination, which was lost after vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esparcia-Pinedo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Fleta
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Ropero
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Vera-Tomé
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Casasnovas
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rodríguez Frade
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martín-Gayo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Muñoz-Calleja
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER CV) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Centre for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER CV) Health Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Arantzazu Alfranca,
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Mateos Fernández R, Petek M, Gerasymenko I, Juteršek M, Baebler Š, Kallam K, Moreno Giménez E, Gondolf J, Nordmann A, Gruden K, Orzaez D, Patron NJ. Insect pest management in the age of synthetic biology. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:25-36. [PMID: 34416790 PMCID: PMC8710903 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod crop pests are responsible for 20% of global annual crop losses, a figure predicted to increase in a changing climate where the ranges of numerous species are projected to expand. At the same time, many insect species are beneficial, acting as pollinators and predators of pest species. For thousands of years, humans have used increasingly sophisticated chemical formulations to control insect pests but, as the scale of agriculture expanded to meet the needs of the global population, concerns about the negative impacts of agricultural practices on biodiversity have grown. While biological solutions, such as biological control agents and pheromones, have previously had relatively minor roles in pest management, biotechnology has opened the door to numerous new approaches for controlling insect pests. In this review, we look at how advances in synthetic biology and biotechnology are providing new options for pest control. We discuss emerging technologies for engineering resistant crops and insect populations and examine advances in biomanufacturing that are enabling the production of new products for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems BiologyNational Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Iryna Gerasymenko
- Plant Biotechnology and Metabolic EngineeringTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Mojca Juteršek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems BiologyNational Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate SchoolLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Špela Baebler
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems BiologyNational Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia
| | | | | | - Janine Gondolf
- Institut für PhilosophieTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Alfred Nordmann
- Institut für PhilosophieTechnische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems BiologyNational Institute of BiologyLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Diego Orzaez
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP)UPV‐CSICValenciaSpain
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Amich I, Anguita E, Escribano-Serrat S, Alvarez C, Rodríguez-Muñoz D, García V, Bello R, Peña-Pedrosa JA, Martínez-Micaelo N, Amigó N, Ortiz P, Torrejón MJ, Boscá L, Martín-Sánchez J, Aranda A, Alemany S. Free triiodothyronine levels and age influences the metabolic profile and COVID-19 severity parameters in euthyroid and levothyroxine-treated patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1025032. [PMID: 36440226 PMCID: PMC9682171 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1025032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is required to fight infections and thyroid hormones are key regulators of metabolism. We have analyzed in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: 40 euthyroid and 39 levothyroxine (LT4)-treated patients in the ward and 29 euthyroid and 9 LT4-treated patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), the baseline characteristics, laboratory data, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), the FT3/FT4 ratio, 11 antiviral cytokines and 74 metabolomic parameters. No evidence for significant differences between euthyroid and LT4-treated patients were found in the biochemical, metabolomic and cytokines parameters analyzed. Only TSH (p=0.009) and ferritin (p=0.031) showed significant differences between euthyroid and LT4-treated patients in the ward, and TSH (p=0.044) and FT4 (p=0.012) in the ICU. Accordingly, severity and mortality were similar in euthyroid and LT4-treated patients. On the other hand, FT3 was negatively related to age (p=0.012), independently of sex and body mass index in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients with low FT3 and older age showed a worse prognosis and higher levels of the COVID-19 severity markers IL-6 and IL-10 than patients with high FT3. IL-6 negatively correlated with FT3 (p=0.023) independently of age, body mass index and sex, whereas IL-10 positively associated with age (p=0.035) independently of FT3, body mass index and sex. A metabolomic cluster of 6 parameters defined low FT3 ward patients. Two parameters, esterified cholesterol (p=4.1x10-4) and small HDL particles (p=6.0x10-5) correlated with FT3 independently of age, body mass index and sex, whereas 3-hydroxybutyrate (p=0.010), acetone (p=0.076), creatinine (p=0.017) and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) diameter (p=8.3x10-3) were associated to FT3 and also to age, with p-values of 0.030, 0.026, 0.017 and 8.3x10-3, respectively. In conclusion, no significant differences in FT3, cytokines, and metabolomic profile, or in severity and outcome of COVID-19, were found during hospitalization between euthyroid patients and hypothyroid patients treated with LT4. In addition, FT3 and age negatively correlate in COVID-19 patients and parameters that predict poor prognosis were associated with low FT3, and/or with age. A metabolomic cluster indicative of a high ketogenic profile defines non-critical hospitalized patients with low FT3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Amich
- Department of Emergency, Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Medicina de Laboratorio (IML), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Escribano-Serrat
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Medicina de Laboratorio (IML), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alvarez
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, IML, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Verónica García
- Hospital Pharmacy, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Bello
- Hospital Pharmacy, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Biosfer Teslab, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Nuria Amigó
- Biosfer Teslab, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Torrejón
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, IML, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Emergency, IdISSC, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Aranda
- Department of Endocrine and Nervous System Pathophysiology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Centro de Investigación Biomédicas en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédicas de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Aranda, ; Susana Alemany,
| | - Susana Alemany
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signaling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana Aranda, ; Susana Alemany,
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González‐Ruiz JM, Pérez‐Núñez MI, García‐Alfaro MD, Bastir M. How can directional and fluctuating asymmetry help in the prognosis of scoliosis along the course of the condition? J Anat 2021; 239:1400-1408. [PMID: 34263453 PMCID: PMC8602023 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is an indicator of developmental instability referred to random deviations from mean asymmetry. That average asymmetry is the directional asymmetry (DA), which, in the particular case of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), corresponds to a right thoracic and left lumbar curves. Investigating the presence of FA and DA in AIS has never been done, and it is a key element of the pathophysiology of the scoliotic condition. Thirty-six X-rays of patients with AIS were digitized and analysed using Geometric Morphometric analyses to test for both statistical effects. The individual FA score for each patient was calculated using Procrustes ANOVA and a methodology based on the components of shape was used to estimate the individual DA score. DA is a stronger effect than FA (2.12 to 1), as it has been found in other clinical conditions. The individual DA score, with an effect size of 0.58, is a better predictor of the Cobb angle than FA score. The methodology presented in this paper to estimate DA score is a valid approach in the study of asymmetries in AIS. FA should be correlated in future studies with environmental covariates to serve as a variable in the medical prognosis, while DA will serve as a good predictor of the Cobb angle during the course of the condition, avoiding the abuse of X-rays. This potential use of DA should be tested on 3D shape due to the three-dimensional clinical presentation of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María González‐Ruiz
- Virtual Morphology LabMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadridSpain
| | - María Isabel Pérez‐Núñez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital of ValdecillaUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Mª Dolores García‐Alfaro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital of ValdecillaUniversity of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Markus Bastir
- Virtual Morphology LabMuseo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadridSpain
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Esteso G, Guerra S, Valés-Gómez M, Reyburn HT. Innate immune recognition of double-stranded RNA triggers increased expression of NKG2D ligands after virus infection. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20472-20480. [PMID: 28986447 PMCID: PMC5733586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.818393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Self/non-self-discrimination by the innate immune system relies on germline-encoded, non-rearranging receptors expressed by innate immune cells recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) receptor is a potent immune-activating receptor that binds human genome-encoded ligands, whose expression is negligible in normal tissues, but increased in stress and disease conditions for reasons that are incompletely understood. Here it is not clear how the immune system reconciles receptor binding of self-proteins with self/non-self-discrimination to avoid autoreactivity. We now report that increased expression of NKG2D ligands after virus infection depends on interferon response factors activated by the detection of viral double-stranded RNA by pattern-recognition receptors (RIG-I/MDA-5) and that NKG2D ligand up-regulation can be blocked by the expression of viral dsRNA-binding proteins. Thus, innate immunity-mediated recognition of viral nucleic acids triggers the infected cell to release interferon for NK cell recruitment and to express NKG2D ligands to become more visible to the immune system. Finally, the observation that NKG2D-ligand induction is a consequence of signaling by pattern-recognition receptors that have been selected over evolutionary time to be highly pathogen-specific explains how the risks of autoreactivity in this system are minimized.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Cricetinae
- DEAD Box Protein 58/chemistry
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/chemistry
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/virology
- Lentivirus/immunology
- Lentivirus/physiology
- Ligands
- Mutation
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/agonists
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/genetics
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/metabolism
- RNA/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Esteso
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid and
| | - Susana Guerra
- the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid and
| | - Hugh T Reyburn
- From the Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid and
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